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identification of novel babesia and theileria species in south african giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis, linnaeus, 1758) and roan antelope (hippotragus equinus, desmarest 1804).blood specimens were received from five cases in which young adult giraffe, from different geographic origins in south africa, showed sudden onset of disease and subsequently died. additional specimens from two translocated giraffe, as well as one specimen from a roan antelope, were also included in the study. blood slides from some of these animals showed the presence of piroplasms. dna was extracted; the v4 hypervariable region of the 18s rrna gene amplified and analyzed using the reverse line ...200919410370
molecular diagnosis of theileriosis and heartwater in bovines in africa.the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with the specificity of deoxyribocucleic acid (dna)-dna hybridization has led to the development of specific and sensitive molecular diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the organisms that cause theileriosis and heartwater. theileriosis is a widespread disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus theileria. species-specific variations in small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes (ssurrna ...200212055842
[epidemiologic study of bluetongue in sheep, cattle and different species of wild animals in the ivory coast].between 1992 and 1993, a serological survey was conducted in côte d'ivoire on 623 sera from sheep, 215 sera from cattle and 211 sera from wild herbivores. these sera were tested for bluetongue virus (btv) antibodies using an agar gel immunodiffusion test. the purpose of this survey was twofold: to establish the incidence of bluetongue in the country, and to analyse the putative role of btv in the reproductive pathology of sheep. seroprevalence was 52 +/- 4% in sheep, 95 +/- 3% in cattle, and 56 ...19947949349
the influence of game animals on the distribution and feeding habits of glossina pallidipes in the lambwe valley.the role of game animals as important hosts of some species of tsetse, including glossina pallidipes, has been studied in detail in the lambwe valley area of kenya. a large population of g. pallidipes existed in association with a varied community of game animals in the study area, and the investigation was designed to determine which of the hosts available to g. pallidipes were actively selected and whether the preferred hosts influenced the distribution of the tsetse population. bushbuck (trag ...19724544832
[morphology of the teguments of schistosoma bovis; variations linked to the vertebrate host; comparison with s. curassoni].s. e. m. study of the dorsal anterior one third of male schistosoma bovis and of the anterior ventral border of the gynaecophoric duct. s. bovis was previously described as possessing spineless tubercles. this is so in specimens obtained from experimentally infected rodents, but in cattle, on the contrary, when conditions are favourable, teguments have spiny tubercles. two morphological types have been observed: the first in bos taurus from sardinia, the second in domestic (bos indicus) and wild ...19873447509
[incidence of trypanosomiasis on wildlife of a game ranch in burkina faso].blood samples from 203 wild animals kept on a game ranch in burkina faso were examined by the "buffy coat" technique following microhaematocrite centrifugation in capillary tubes. anaemia was assessed according to the value of packed cell volume (pcv). a thin smear and thick blood film from each animal were prepared and examined for detection of babesia, anaplasma, theileria, microfilaria. the infection rate and parasitaemia were assessed in each animal species. for each animal species examined, ...19902132786
gamma herpesvirus carrier status of captive artiodactyls.between 1998 and 2000, 103 individuals of 19 species of the order artiodactyla at whipsnade wild animal park were tested for evidence of infection with gamma herpesviruses in order to distinguish between species which are susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever (mcf), caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (alhv-1) of wildebeest (connochaetes sp.) or ovine herpesvirus-2 (ovhv-2) of domestic sheep, and species which carry related viruses sub-clinically. gamma herpesvirus dna was detected in the kno ...200212208112
[serological evidence of the existence of a wild reservoir of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the pendjari biosphere reservation in the republic of benin].in the national park of pendjari, situated in the north-west of benin, 91 wild animals, belonging to seven species, were darted. thick and thin blood smears were examined for trypanosomes and plasma for trypanolytic antibodies against 6 antigenic variants of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. parasites were found in 13.92% and trypanolytic antibodies in 20.88% of the samples. a total of 28.57% of animals were positive by at least one of the two test systems used. morphologically trypanosoma congolens ...19921417158
hybridization following population collapse in a critically endangered antelope.population declines may promote interspecific hybridization due to the shortage of conspecific mates (hubb's 'desperation' hypothesis), thus greatly increasing the risk of species extinction. yet, confirming this process in the wild has proved elusive. here we combine camera-trapping and molecular surveys over seven years to document demographic processes associated with introgressive hybridization between the critically endangered giant sable antelope (hippotragus niger variani), and the natura ...201626732144
effects of copper oxide wire particle bolus therapy on trichostrongyle fecal egg counts in exotic artiodactylids.four species of artiodactylids (scimitar-horned oryx [oryx dama]), roan antelope [hippotragus equinus], blackbuck [antilope cervicapra]), and blesbok [damaliscus pygargus phillipsi]) totaling 13 animals were treated with a one-time 12.5-g dose of copper oxide wire particles (cowps) in a bolus form. pretreatment, individual trichostrongyle fecal egg counts (fecs) were performed using the mcmaster technique. individual posttreatment fecs were performed every 7 days for 35 days beginning 7 days aft ...200819110710
malignant catarrhal fever in a roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) at regent's park. 20102916315
theileriosis (cytauxzoonosis) in roan antelope (hippotragus equinus): field exposure to infection and identification of potential vectors.four hand-reared, naïve roan antelope, 4 months of age, were exposed to naturally infected pasture on a game farm in mpumalanga province, south africa, where roan are known to die from theileriosis. various clinical parameters were recorded during this period. the predominant ticks parasitising these animals at the time (january to february), were rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi adults. after a period of 5 weeks the animals developed signs of clinical theileriosis ...201223327309
serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-i and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and -3 in eight hoofstock species.the somatotropic axis, which includes growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor (igf)-i, and igf binding proteins (igfbp), is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. measures of the somatotropic axis can be predictive of nutritional status and growth rate that can be utilized to identify nutritional status of individual animals. before the somatotropic axis can be a predictive tool, concentrations of hormones of the somatotropic axis need to be established in healthy individuals. t ...201020853408
in vitro cultivation of a theileria species from a roan antelope (hippotragus equinus).here we describe the in vitro isolation, propagation, and characterization of a theileria species from roan antelope (hippotragus equinus). cultures were initiated using parts of a prescapular lymph node of an infected roan antelope. after 16 days of culture propagation, the first subculture was carried out; thereafter, subcultures were carried out twice a week. standard methods for the cultivation of theileria macroschizonts were applied. dna was extracted from culture material and a partial po ...200919685077
detection of trypanosoma brucei in field-captured tsetse flies and identification of host species fed on by the infected flies.the prevalence of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies in the chiawa area of lower zambezi in zambia, with endemic trypanosomosis, was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method that allowed the detection of trypanosome dna and determination of the type of animal host fed on by the tsetse fly glossina pallidipes, using tsetse-derived dna extracts as templates. ninety g. pallidipes (82 females and 8 males; 18.3%) of the 492 flies captured by baited biconical traps tested positive fo ...200818399780
gastrointestinal parasites and bacteria flora of wild animals in the borgu game reserve in nigeria.faecal droppings from animals in the borgu game reserve were examined between the months of january and march 1981. these animals included buffalo, hartebeest, kob, roan antelope, genu cat, mangoose, warthog and monkey. haemonchus contortus was identified from the faeces of five buffalos, oesophagostomum species was identified from one warthog while strongyloides species was identified from two monkeys. no pathogenic bacteria was isolated in any of the faecal samples examined. the influence of w ...19827174235
recovery of a herpesvirus from a roan antelope (hippotragus equinus).a herpesvirus was recovered in culture from the cells of a roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) following cryopreservation in dmso and it is thought that the dmso may have been involved in reactivation. the virus was shown to be antigenically related to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (ahv-1) of wildebeest and ovine herpesvirus-2 (ohv-2) of domestic sheep (formerly designated the sheep-associated agent of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf]. cloned dna fragments of ahv-1 and ohv-2 cross hybridised with dna ...19911897131
studies on the genus setaria viborg, 1795 in south africa. iii. setaria thwaitei mönnig, 1933.mönnig (1933) described setaria thwaitei from a sable antelope, hippotragus niger, the type host, as well as from roan antelope, hippotragus equinus, and waterbuck, kobus ellipsiprymnus. yeh (1959) considered setaria thwaitei to be synonym of setaria hornbyi. material collected from roan antelopes, sable antelopes and gemsbuck, oryx gazella, from several localities in the north and south of south africa, together with mönnig's (1933) material, were re-examined. measurements of the adult worms ob ...200415373332
susceptibility and carrier status of impala, sable, and tsessebe for cowdria ruminantium infection (heartwater).three species of wild african ruminants, impala (aepyceros melampus), sable (hippotragus equinus), and tsessebe (damaliscus lunatus), were experimentally inoculated with in vitro culture-derived cowdria ruminantium organisms, the tick-borne causative agent of heartwater in domestic ruminants, to determine their susceptibility to infection. no clinical disease was observed in any of the ruminants. however, c. ruminantium was detected in the sable by the transmission of heartwater to susceptible s ...199910386439
parasite survey of eight wild animals in the ruma national park.eight game animals representing seven species in the ruma national park in south nyanza, kenya, were examined for the presence of blood protozoa, ectoparasites, and helminthic and coccidian endoparasites using standard parasite-identification methods. haematological parameters were also determined. the oribi was positive for trypanosoma brucei ssp. and the reedbuck for t. congolense. no other blood protozoans were found. strongyle eggs were found in the faeces of all species except the water buc ...19892619384
massive outbreak of anthrax in wildlife in the malilangwe wildlife reserve, zimbabwe.a massive outbreak of anthrax in the wildlife of the malilangwe wildlife reserve in zimbabwe between august and november 2004 resulted in the death of almost all the reserve's estimated 500 kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros). other species badly affected were nyala (tragelaphus angasi), bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus), waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) and roan antelope (hippotragus equinus), which suffered losses of approximately 68 per cent, 48 per cent, 44 per cent and 42 per cent of their popula ...200717259452
basic haematological values in antelopes--ii. the hippotraginae and the tragelaphinae.basic haematological values in 49 animals of five species of the subfamily hippotraginae, namely the roan antelope hippotragus equinus, sable antelope hippotragus niger, adax antelope addax nasomaculatus, gemsbok oryx oryx gazella gazella and scimitar horned oryx oryx damah and in 51 individuals of five species in the subfamily tragelaphinae, including the bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus, nyala tragelaphus angasi, greater kudu tragelaphus strepsiceros, cape eland tautotragus oryx and bongo bocercu ...19846149054
molecular characterization of theileria species associated with mortality in four species of african antelopes.pathogen dna was isolated from roan antelope (hippotragus equinus), sable antelope (hippotragus niger), greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), and common gray duiker (sylvicapra grimmia) in south africa whose deaths were attributed to either theileriosis or cytauxzoonosis. we developed theileria species-specific probes used in combination with reverse line blot hybridization assays and identified three different species of theileria in four african antelope species. the close phylogenetic rela ...200516333074
comparative quantitation of the physiological response to acute stress in impala and roan antelope.1. the concentrations of 8 variables in the blood of impala and roan antelope exposed to acute stress were investigated. 2. an objective measure of the acute stress response, based on the % maximal change of the 8 variables, is suggested. 3. the method takes into account the species specificity of the stress response and is based on changes in the concentration of variables which reflect the (general) hormonal and (neuro-) endocrine balance of an animal at a given time. 4. the species-specific e ...19882899474
population genetics of the roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) with suggestions for conservation.the roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) is the second largest african antelope, distributed throughout the continent in sub-saharan savannah habitat. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequencing (401 bp, n = 137) and microsatellite genotyping (eight loci, n = 137) were used to quantify the genetic variability within and among 18 populations of this species. the within-population diversity was low to moderate with an average mtdna nucleotide diversity of 1.9% and average expected heterozyg ...200415189202
anaesthesia of roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) with a combination of a3080, medetomidine and ketamine.a dose range was determined for anaesthesia of 20 recently boma-captured roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) with the synthetic opiate a3080 combined with medetomidine and ketamine. a dose of 10-30 micro/kg a3080 (x = 20+/-8 microg/kg) combined with 5-21 microg/kg medetomidine (x = 13+/-7 microg/kg) plus 0.29-1.11 mg/kg ketamine (x = 0.71+/-0.24 mg/kg) was found to be safe and effective for the field conditions in this study. the anaesthesia produced by this drug combination was predictable and ...200111563714
studies in poliomyelitis; poliomyelitis in northern rhodesia, with special reference to an outbreak occurring on the roan antelope copper mine, luanshya, in 1946. 194620278840
the anatomy of the omasum of some zambian game species.the gross anatomy of the omasum of 11 different zambian game species are described. these include roan antelope, sable antelope, wildebeest, kudu, kafue lechwe, puku, reedbuck, impala, bushbuck, oribi and duiker. lamellar area and papilla density and shape are reported.19938129169
[two new nodular onchocerca spp. in wild bovidae, in upper volta (author's transl)].description of two new onchocerca from wild bovidae, o. schulzkeyi n. sp. and o. hamoni n. sp., respectively parasite of hippotragus equinus and kobus (a.) kob; both species have been recorded in the volta region, where human onchocerciasis is prevalent. o. schulzkeyi and o. hamoni are located in respectively, dermic and subcutaneous nodules, the females of both species are devoid of cuticular rings. those two new species belong to the line of o. volvulus and nodular onchocerca of bovinae. this ...19817198423
the pathology of pathogenic theileriosis in african wild artiodactyls.the published literature on schizont-"transforming," or pathogenic theileriosis, in african wild artiodactyls is dated and based on limited information. here the authors review the taxonomy, diagnosis, epidemiology, hematology, pathology, and aspects of control in various species. molecular studies based on 18s and 16s rrna gene sequences have shown that african wild artiodactyls are commonly infected with diverse theileria spp., as well as nontheilerial hemoprotozoa and rickettsia-like bacteria ...202031854265
assessing introgressive hybridization in roan antelope (hippotragus equinus): lessons from south africa.biological diversity is being lost at unprecedented rates, with genetic admixture and introgression presenting major threats to biodiversity. our ability to accurately identify introgression is critical to manage species, obtain insights into evolutionary processes, and ultimately contribute to the aichi targets developed under the convention on biological diversity. the current study concerns roan antelope, the second largest antelope in africa. despite their large size, these antelope are sens ...201931626669
population viability analysis of the endangered roan antelope in ruma national park, kenya, and implications for management.population viability analysis (pva) was used to (1) establish causes of roan population decline for the past 30 years in ruma national park (rnp), the only park where wild roans remain in kenya, and (2) predict the probability of roan persistence under existing and alternative management options. pva was done using long-term data based on population dynamics, life history, climatic conditions, and expert knowledge. poaching was identified as the main cause of roan decline in rnp. several antipoa ...201829643756
mitochondrial dna population structure of roan and sable antelope: implications for the translocation and conservation of the species.mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region sequences were analysed to determine the geographical genetic structure of hippotragus niger (sable antelope) and h. equinus (roan antelope). analyses by amova, minimum evolution networks, parsimony, neighbour joining and maximum likelihood show that the roan antelope populations are geographically partitioned and that their phylogeography corresponds well with subspecific boundaries. in sharp contrast, however, our sequence data group all the sable antel ...199910065541
absence of geographic chromosomal variation in the roan and sable antelope and the cytogenetics of a naturally occurring hybrid.the determination of geographic chromosomal variation in rare or endangered species, or those of special management concern, is important, since geographically defined cytotypes can negatively influence breeding programs involving founders drawn from widely divergent localities. we cytogenetically analyzed specimens of the roan (hippotragus equinus) and sable antelope (h. niger) collected from widely divergent localities throughout their respective ranges. each species was characterized by a dip ...19958521725
morphology of the lingual papillae in the roan antelope.we examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) by scanning electron microscopy. filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. the filiform papillae consisted of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. a top of the connective tissue core of the filiform papilla showed several depressions. the connective tissue core of the papilla with a long process was rarely observed. the fungiform papillae were round in shape. the connective tiss ...201122519072
osteochondrosis dissecans in a juvenile roan antelope (hippotragus equinus).a 4-mo-old, juvenile roan antelope (hippotragus equinus) presented for an acute and progressive lameness of the left hind limb, which was non-responsive to anti-inflammatory medication. the antelope was anesthetized for examination, radiography, and lab work. the left stifle joint had limited range of motion and was markedly swollen on physical examination. radiography revealed thin cortices of the left distal femur and proximal tibia, as well as multiple lytic areas in the condyles. euthanasia ...200818432105
intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt in a neonatal roan antelope (hippotragus equinus cottoni).a 6-day-old, female roan antelope (hippotragus equinus cottoni) was diagnosed with a single intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt at necropsy. clinical signs had included weakness, lethargy, hypothermia, diarrhea, and a weak suckle response. multiple seizure episodes were associated with hypoglycemia and characterized by vocalization, muscle fasciculations, and disorientation. hematologic abnormalities included anemia with hypochromasia, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and leukopenia with neutro ...200517312783
erythrocyte morphology and haemoglobin types of neonatal roan antelopes (hippotragus equinus) with hypochromic poikilocytic anaemia.neonatal, poikilocytic anaemia in some members of the hippotragini has previously been documented but not fully investigated. this study was undertaken to describe the erythrocyte morphology of roan antelopes (hippotragus equinus) during the first 4 weeks after birth and to identify aspects of haemoglobin (hb) production that might be implicated in this syndrome. twenty-nine roan antelope calves were sampled on, or close to, 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after birth. erythrocyte morphology was characteri ...200616542675
serum-free in vitro cultivation of theileria annulata and theileria parva schizont-infected lymphocytes.theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intracellular protozoa of the genus theileria. the most important species in cattle are theileria annulata and theileria parva. both species transform leucocyte host cells, resulting in their uncontrolled proliferation and immortalization. vaccination with attenuated t. annulata-infected cell lines is currently the only practical means of inducing immunity in cattle. culture media for theileria spp. typically contain 10%-20% foetal bovine serum (fbs ...202032174041
suspected moxidectin toxicosis in a roan antelope (hippotragus equinus), a sable antelope (hippotragus niger), and an arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) at a semi-free range zoological park.moxidectin is a commonly used lipophilic anthelmintic with activity against a wide range of nematodes. it is labeled for use in cattle by oral, topical, and subcutaneous routes. in semi-free ranging conditions, many anthelmintics are remotely administered intramuscularly due to an inability to administer by other routes without restraint. during 2015-2016, three animals including a roan (hippotragus equinus), sable (hippotragus niger), and arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) treated with moxidectin dev ...202032549573
coxiella burnetii in wild mammals: a systematic review.coxiella burnetii is a multi-host bacterium that causes q fever in humans, a zoonosis that is emerging worldwide. the ecology of c. burnetii in wildlife is still poorly understood and the influence of host, environmental and pathogen factors is almost unknown. this study gathers current published information on different aspects of c. burnetii infection in wildlife, even in species with high reservoir potential and a high rate of interaction with livestock and humans, in order to partially fill ...201930506629
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