| a comparison of g-band patterns of the muskox and takin and their evolutionary relationship to sheep. | | 1994 | 8182282 |
| cytochrome b sequences suggest convergent evolution of the asian takin and arctic muskox. | relationships of the takin (budorcas taxicolor) and muskox (ovibos moschatus) have been speculated upon for many years. morphological and behavioral similarities between these species have led to suggestions that they are closely related. to test the hypothesis that characteristics shared by the takin and muskox stem from a recent common ancestor, we compared sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome b genes with those of three other species of caprinae. we present data that may support reject ... | 1997 | 9417894 |
| mitochondrial dna from myotragus balearicus, an extinct bovid from the balearic islands. | dna was extracted from teeth and bones of myotragus balearicus, a bovid that evolved in isolation on the balearic islands (western mediterranean) from the end of the miocene, becoming extinct 4,000 years bp, after the arrival of humans in the islands. the numerous morphological apomorphies of myotragus, most strikingly its dwarfism, frontal eyes, and ever-growing incisors, obscure its phylogenetic relationships with extant bovids. therefore, the recovery of genetic information from myotragus is ... | 2000 | 10750053 |
| the structure of the masseter muscle in the giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis). | in the giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis), the masseter muscle was divided into several layers. the superficial and more medial (second) tendinous sheets of the masseter muscle fused with each other at the dorso-caudal part and a fleshy portion was located between these tendinous sheets. in the rostral part, the most superficial tendinous sheet turned around as a compact tendon and attached to the facial crest (crista facialis). the turned tendinous sheet, however, never fused with the second tend ... | 2001 | 11688743 |
| comparative analysis of the prion protein open reading frame nucleotide sequences of two wild ruminants, the moufflon and golden takin. | the prion protein (prp) nucleotide sequences of two ruminants were determined in order to elucidate the differences in susceptibility to spongiform encephalopathy agents in each species. the nucleotide sequences of prp coding regions of the moufflon and the golden takin encompassed 771 bp in length. the prp gene sequences of the golden takin were closely related to those of sheep with one amino acid difference. the prp gene sequence of the moufflon was identical to that of sheep. the similaritie ... | 2001 | 11805443 |
| molecular phylogeny and evolution of the extinct bovid myotragus balearicus. | myotragus balearicus was a dwarf artiodactyl endemic to the eastern balearic islands, where it evolved in isolation for more than 5 million years before becoming extinct between 3640 and 2135 cal bc (calibrated years bc). numerous unusual apomorphies obscure the relationship between myotragus and the extant caprinae. therefore, genetic data for this species would significantly contribute to the clarification of its taxonomic position. in this study, we amplify, sequence, and clone a 338-base pai ... | 2002 | 12450754 |
| genetic characterization of orf viruses isolated from various ruminant species of a zoo. | in the present study, an outbreak of proliferative dermatitis in musk ox (ovibos moschatus), sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) and domestic shetland sheep (ovis aries) in a zoo is described. skin lesions consisted of severe, persistent, multifocal, proliferative dermatitis in musk ox, and mild, transient, focal, dermatitis in the sichuan takin and shetland sheep. parapoxviruses were isolated from skin lesions, and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis and partial gene sequencing ... | 2004 | 15019099 |
| chitinolytic enzymes from clostridium aminovalericum: activity screening and purification. | a strain isolated from the feces of takin was identified as clostridium aminovalericum. in response to various types of chitin used as growth substrates, the bacterium produced a complete array of chitinolytic enzymes: chitinase ('endochitinase'), exochitinase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, chitosanase and chitin deacetylase. the highest activities of chitinase (536 pkat/ml) and exochitinase (747 pkat/ml) were induced by colloidal chitin. fungal chitin also induced high levels of these enzymes ( ... | 2004 | 15227797 |
| cloned endangered species takin (budorcas taxicolor) by inter-species nuclear transfer and comparison of the blastocyst development with yak (bos grunniens) and bovine. | interspecies cloning might be used as an effective method to conserve endangered species and to support the study of nuclear-cytoplasm interaction. in this study, we describe the development of takin-bovine embryos in vitro produced by fusing takin ear fibroblasts with enucleated bovine oocytes and examine the fate of mitochondrial dna in these embryos. we also compare the blastocyst development of takin-bovine embryos with yak-bovine and bovine-bovine embryos and compare the cell numbers of the ... | 2006 | 16220543 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium from animal sources in qinghai province of china. | the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in 20 zoo animals of the xining zoo, 16 farm yaks and 42 farm goats in qinghai province, china was investigated by an immunofluorescence test (ift). the species and/or genotypes were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16 zoo animals, 2 yaks, and 15 goats by ift. the ift positive samples were further investigated by pcr, and 16 o ... | 2007 | 17701218 |
| simultaneous cloning and expression of two cellulase genes from bacillus subtilis newly isolated from golden takin (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). | a bacterial strain with high cellulase activity was isolated of feces sample of golden takin (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). the bacterium was classified and designated bacillus subtilis ln by morphological and 16srdna gene sequence analysis. two putative cellulase genes, cell15 and cell73, were simultaneously cloned from the isolated strain by pcr. the putative gene cell15 consisted of an open reading frame (orf) of 1470 nucleotides and encoded a protein of 490 amino acids with a molecular weigh ... | 2009 | 19366617 |
| [distribution patterns of giant panda in guanyinshan and foping nature reserves]. | by using line transect method, the distribution patterns of giant panda population and its sympatric companion wildlife species in foping and guanyinshan nature reserves were investigated in october 2007 and april 2008, and the environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of giant panda activity were analyzed. the giant panda population and its sympatric companion wildlife species in the two reserves had the similar distribution patterns, and the density and distribution range of gia ... | 2009 | 20030153 |
| first report of zoonotic cryptosporidium spp., giardia intestinalis and enterocytozoon bieneusi in golden takins (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). | genetic study of cryptosporidium spp., giardia intestinalis and enterocytozoon bieneusi at species/assemblage/genotype/subtype level facilitates understanding their mechanical transmissions and underpins their control. a total of 191 fresh faecal samples were collected from golden takins in china and examined using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 15 faecal samples (7.9%), including cryptosporidium parvum (2/15) and cryptosporidium andersoni (13/15). mlst t ... | 2015 | 26190449 |
| isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in makhdoom, india. | orf (contagious ecthyma) is an exanthematic disease caused by a parapoxvirus and occurs primarily in sheep and goats with zoonotic implications. in the present investigation, an orf outbreak in the muzzaffarnagari sheep flock at the central institute for research on goats (cirg), makhdoom, mathura, uttar pradesh, india, was investigated. primary goat testes cell culture was used for isolation of the orf virus (orfv) for the first time. the identity of the virus was confirmed by amplification and ... | 2014 | 24347045 |
| [isolation and characterisation of an aflatoxin b1-degrading bacterium]. | aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites. the aim of this research was to isolate aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-degrading bacteria. | 2012 | 23236847 |
| does a temperate ungulate that breeds in summer exhibit rut-induced hypophagia? analysis of time budgets of male takin (budorcas taxicolor) in sichuan, china. | mammals maximize fitness by optimizing time and energy allocation between reproduction and survival. describing time budgets is a way to understand a species' constraints in energy allocation. we describe a time budget for male takin (budorcas taxicolor) in tangjiahe nature reserve, china, to better understand rut-induced hypophagia, which is frequently observed in temperate ungulates that breed in autumn or in winter. observations generally occurred at two elevations (1200-1600m and 2600-3200m) ... | 2012 | 22248568 |
| [cloning and analysis of highly repetitive sequence fragments from takin (budorcas taxicolor)]. | takin (budorcas taxicolor) is a large animal living in china and other adjacent countries, which belongs to bovidae of artiodactyla. the anatomy, morphology and behavior of takin are between species of the subfamily bovinae and caprinae. it is now in a separated genus or in the same genus with muskox (ovibos moschatus). to gain insight into the evolution of takin, we purified and cloned its highly repetitive bamhi fragments from the genomic dna. the sequences of three fragments were highly homol ... | 2002 | 15344315 |
| diversity and activity patterns of sympatric animals among four types of forest habitat in guanyinshan nature reserve in the qinling mountains, china. | environmental heterogeneity contributes to various habitats and may influence the diversity and activity patterns of wildlife among habitats. we used camera traps to assess wildlife habitat use in guanyinshan nature reserve from 2009 to 2012. we focused on four types of habitat including open areas with gentle slope (<15°) (type1), low elevation areas (about 1500-1700 m) with high bamboo coverage (type2), high elevation areas (about 2100-2300 m) with high canopy coverage (type3), and wildlife mi ... | 2017 | 28551745 |
| can conservation of single surrogate species protect co-occurring species? | conservation of surrogate species is expected to benefit co-occurring species with similar distributions that share the same habitat, yet the usefulness of this approach to protect nontarget species has been extensively challenged. in this study, we aimed to assess whether co-occurring species could be afforded protection under the conservation of two proposed surrogate species, the giant panda and the takin. we undertook a thorough study on the habitat requirements of these two endangered speci ... | 2013 | 23589258 |
| hunting for a living: wildlife trade, rural livelihoods and declining wildlife in the hkakaborazi national park, north myanmar. | hunting is a threat to wildlife within the hkakaborazi national park in north myanmar. we used questionnaire surveys to obtain data on variables such as commonly targeted species, prices of traded wildlife, reasons for hunting and the relative importance of livelihood sources. we examine (a) the significance of hunting and trade for livelihoods and explore (b) the impacts of hunting on targeted species. ninety per cent of trade records (n = 803) was constituted by seven species commonly targeted ... | 2011 | 21442294 |
| shapes of differential pulse voltammograms and level of metallothionein at different animal species. | metallothioneins play a key role in maintaining homeostasis of essential metalsand in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as oxidative damaging. exceptinghumans, blood levels of metallothionein have not yet been reported from any animalspecies. blood plasma samples of 9 animal species were analysed by the adsorptive transferstripping technique to obtain species specific voltammograms. quite distinct records wereobtained from the takin (budorcas taxicolor), while other interesting ... | 2007 | 28903235 |
| characterizing the behavior and reproductive biology of zoo-housed sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) using non-invasive techniques. | the sichuan takin (takin; budorcas taxicolor tibetana) is distributed in the gansu and sichuan providences of southern china and along eastern tibet. because of their ecology, few data on takin reproductive biology exist, with the exception of its mating season in the sichuan province, which occurs from july through august. therefore, the objectives were to: 1) characterize reproductive hormones in zoo-housed male and female takin, including pregnancy in the female, using non-invasive fecal ster ... | 2012 | 22626770 |
| a new african fossil caprin and a combined molecular and morphological bayesian phylogenetic analysis of caprini (mammalia: bovidae). | given that most species that have ever existed on earth are extinct, no evolutionary history can ever be complete without the inclusion of fossil taxa. bovids (antelopes and relatives) are one of the most diverse clades of large mammals alive today, with over a hundred living species and hundreds of documented fossil species. with the advent of molecular phylogenetics, major advances have been made in the phylogeny of this clade; however, there has been little attempt to integrate the fossil rec ... | 2012 | 22816969 |
| severe laminitis in multiple zoo species. | a 10-year record review from a zoological institution in the western usa identified four cases of severe laminitis resulting in rotation and protrusion of the third phalanx through the sole. laminitis is reported in a masai giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), a sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana), a greater malayan chevrotain (tragulus napu) and a giant eland (taurotragus derbianus). this is the first report of severe laminitis with pedal bone rotation and protrusion in multi ... | 2014 | 24730432 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the endangered takin in the confluent zone of the qinling and minshan mountains using mtdna control region. | the takin (budorcas taxicolor) is an endangered ungulate. we analyzed the variation within mtdna control region sequences of takin populations in the qinling mountains, the minshan mountains and the confluence of these two mountain ranges. we did not find any shared haplotypes among the populations. we observed apparent variation in the control region length among the three populations, and independent population expansions in the late of pleistocene, which suggests these populations may have in ... | 2016 | 26024129 |
| theta-rhythm makes the world go round: dissociative effects of tms theta versus alpha entrainment of right ptpj on embodied perspective transformations. | being able to imagine another person's experience and perspective of the world is a crucial human ability and recent reports suggest that humans "embody" another's viewpoint by mentally rotating their own body representation into the other's orientation. our recent magnetoencephalography (meg) data further confirmed this notion of embodied perspective transformations and pinpointed the right posterior temporo-parietal junction (ptpj) as the crucial hub in a distributed network oscillating at the ... | 2017 | 28258363 |
| characterization of the gut microbiota in the golden takin (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). | the gut microbiota of mammals is a complex ecosystem, which is essential for maintaining gut homeostasis and the host's health. the high throughput sequencing allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the bacterial structure and diversity. in order to improve the health status of the endangered golden takins, we first characterized the fecal microbiota of healthy golden takins using high throughput sequencing of the 16s rrna genes v3-v4 hypervariable regions. our results showed that, firstly, the ... | 2017 | 28413853 |
| takin' it to the streets: antimicrobial stewardship in the outpatient setting. | | 2016 | 27836121 |
| we'll be takin' him home. | | 2016 | 27294567 |
| brucellosis in takins, china. | | 2012 | 22931790 |
| revolution i--takin' it to the streets! by caveman. | | 2011 | 21928481 |
| takin' it to the streets. | | 2005 | 16194015 |
| takin' it to the streets. | | 2014 | 11111497 |
| takin' it to the hill. volunteers make their voice heard in washington. | | 1999 | 10788182 |
| a dental radiologic health laboratory teaching method. | the school of dental medicine at tufts university has given new direction to the understanding of radiologic health through a program in which all students participate in some laboratory activities directly related to the problems of radiologic health in dental practice. this article presents an explanation of the background of this program and the experiments performed and discusses the interest in the program and its effect on the dental students. the laboratory program described is held for 3 ... | 1976 | 1065831 |
| dna synthesis in vitro by cells from mice immunized with picryl chloride: effect of injection of immune cells. | mice were immunized with picryl chloride and the regional nodes taken at various times afterwards. these cells spontanesouly synthesized dna in vitro as measured by thymidine incorporation over an 18-hour period and the peak incorporation occurred when the cells were takin on day 3. when the mice were injected with cells taken 5 days after immunization with picryl chloride and then immunized, there was a depression of the spontaneous dna synthesis in vitro. this was absent on day 2, most marked ... | 1976 | 57928 |
| [epidemiological survey of various odonto- and parodontopathies among adolescents aged 16-20 years living in geneva: first results]. | the present paper reports some initial numerical results referring to an epidemiological study of the main dental and periodontal diseases prevalent in late adolescence. the study itself is based on a random sample survey covering the geneva adolescent population, ages 16 to 20, and takin in 1970-1972. | 2017 | 1229735 |
| letter: a reason for takin iliac bone grafts from the left side in young patients. | | 1973 | 4742273 |
| [a case of axillo-subclavian phlebitis after taking oral contraceptives]. | a case of phlebitis of the axillary and subclavian veins after takin g oral contraceptives is reported. this is regarded as an exceptional case, caused by the particular anatomy of the upper limb and by the arterial compression caused by the volume of the thrombus; it was also exceptional in requiring a surgical operation. the operation revealed that there was a predisposing local anatomical factor that was added to the pathogenic factor constituted by the oral contraceptive treatment. | 2004 | 4662052 |
| improved contraception in hungary. | the number of induced abortions decreased during 1970 in hungary. there were 192,200 induced abortions, a 7% drop from 1969 figures. between 1964-1967 the number of induced abortions increased from year to year, and in 1969, 207,000 induced abortions were registered. this was 12% more than the average number in 1964-1967. in 1970 the number of induced abortions per 100 liver births (127) was lower than in any year since 1963, except 1967, when it was 126. it is believed that the decrease in the ... | 1971 | 12276403 |
| a molecular survey, whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of astroviruses from roe deer. | although astroviruses (astv) have been detected in a variety of host species, there are only limited records of their occurrence in deer. one of the most important game species in europe, due to its meat and antlers, is roe deer. infected game animals can pose a threat to the health of other animals and of humans, so more attention needs to be focused on understanding the diversity of viruses in wildlife. the complete genome and organization of the roe deer astv genome have not so far been descr ... | 2020 | 32085761 |
| assessment of effective conservation of the sichuan takin by giant panda reserves through functional zoning. | the flagship species conservation strategy is widely practiced in nature reserves. however, few studies have quantitatively explored whether the current functional zoning adequately conserves the habitats of other species. to examine this problem, we selected the tangjiahe, xuebaoding, and wanglang national nature reserves in southwest china and tested the protective efficiency of the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserves on a local herbivore-sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) i ... | 2020 | 32301269 |
| comparative habitat use by takin in the wanglang and xiaohegou nature reserves. | we investigated the habitat use characteristics of takin in wanglang and xiaohegou nature reserves to detect whether takin has the different habitat use patterns in different environments. we found that takin has similarities and differences in habitat use in these two nature reserves. takin at wanglang usually used the habitats with greater bamboo coverage and bamboo density, whereas takin at xiaohegou usually used the habitats with a lower canopy. the results of a logistic regression analysis ... | 2018 | 29297164 |
| mega tumour (chondrosarcoma) of humerus - an insanely large tumor and its social implications. | large size bone tumors are rare as patients present quite early. the current article reports a large chondrosarcoma removed from left humerus. the rarity of such large size tumors is focus of the report. | 2017 | 28630853 |
| conservation efforts of captive golden takin (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) are potentially compromised by the elevated chemical elements exposure. | chemical elements exposure of endangered golden takins (budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) living in the qinling mountains and in a captive breeding center was assessed by analyzing fecal samples. concentrations of as, co, cr, cu, ni and se were significantly higher in the feces of captive golden takins than the wild. there was no significant difference in the fecal concentrations of cd, mn, hg, pb or zn for wild and captive animals. the element concentration of fecal samples collected from captive an ... | 2017 | 28505482 |
| observation of mother-perpetrated infanticide in golden takins ( budorcas taxicolor bedfordi). | infanticide by unrelated individuals is widely reported in the animal kingdom; however, little is known about cases perpetrated by a parent, particularly the mother. this article reports on three cases of mother-initiated infanticide in qinling golden takins ( budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) recorded from video and camera images. based on previous reports in other animals, we propose that the infanticide events observed in golden takins were related to the parental manipulation mechanism - i.e., ki ... | 2020 | 32543790 |
| distal limb swelling and periosteal productive reaction in periparturient sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana): five cases of presumptive hypertrophic osteopathy. | hypertrophic osteopathy, a syndrome characterized by painful distal limb swelling and proliferative periosteal reaction, primarily involves the metacarpal and metatarsal bones and phalanges. lesions are often bilaterally symmetric and typically affect all four limbs. hypertrophic osteopathy is frequently associated with primary intrathoracic disease, though this condition has also been reported secondary to intra-abdominal and intrapelvic disease and associated with pregnancy in both people and ... | 2019 | 31260211 |
| takin' it to the streets: approach/avoidance motivation in the lives of at-risk youth. | | 2019 | 33013145 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of budorcas taxicolor tibetana (artiodactyla: bovidae) and comparison with other caprinae species: insight into the phylogeny of the genus budorcas. | takin (budorcas taxicolor) is one of the most endangered species. however, the taxonomy of takin is still in dispute. here, the complete mitochondrial genome of budorcas taxicolor tibetana was reported for the first time, which featured a typical circular molecule of 16,665 bp in length, including 13 pcgs, 22 trnas, two rrnas, and one control region. a + t content was higher than g + c content. all of the genes were encoded on the heavy strand, except for eight trnas and nd6 gene. the ol region ... | 2019 | 30296464 |
| clinical signs, antemortem diagnostics, and pathological findings associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in mishmi takin ( budorcas taxicolor taxicolor). | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a cause of contagious and typically fatal enteric disease, primarily affecting ruminant and pseudoruminant species. during a map outbreak in a captive collection, six of nine adult mishmi takin ( budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) showed marked weight loss over 1-3 mo, followed by an acute deterioration. fecal culture and microscopy failed to identify map shedding. necropsy findings included grossly normal intestines and marked enlargement of m ... | 2018 | 29900777 |
| metagenomic analysis of sichuan takin fecal sample viromes reveals novel enterovirus and astrovirus. | the sichuan takin inhabits the bamboo forests in the eastern himalayas and is considered as a national treasure of china with the highest legal protection and conservation status considered as vulnerable according to the iucn red list of threatened species. in this study, fecal samples of 71 sichuan takins were pooled and deep sequenced. among the 103,553 viral sequences, 21,961 were assigned to mammalian viruses. de novo assembly revealed genomes of an enterovirus and an astrovirus and contigs ... | 2018 | 29886344 |
| microbial community and diversity in the feces of sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) as revealed by illumina miseq sequencing and quantitative real-time pcr. | the sichuan takin (budorcas taxicolor tibetana) is a rare and endangered ruminant distributed in the eastern himalayas. however, little information is available regarding the intestinal microbiota of the takin. in this study, illumina miseq platform targeting the v4 region of the 16s rrna was employed to characterize microbial community and diversity in the feces of wild (n = 6) and captive takins (n = 6). the takin exhibited an intestinal microbiota dominated by three phyla: firmicutes (57.4%), ... | 2018 | 29704067 |
| sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of mishmi takin (budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) and comparison with the other caprinae species. | mishmi takin (budorcas taxicolor taxicolor) is an endangered and least studies species. we sequenced and annotated a 16,584 bp long complete mitogenome of mishmi takin (b. t. taxicolor). it was encoded by 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), two ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna, and non-coding control region. all trna genes show a typical secondary cloverleaf structure, except trnaser(agy) in which dihydrouridine arm did not form a stable structure. we observed 82 bp nucleotide deletion ... | 2019 | 31254580 |
| mapping shade availability and use in zoo environments: a tool for evaluating thermal comfort. | for many species in zoos, particularly megafauna vulnerable to heat stress, shade is a key environmental resource. however, shade availability has received comparatively less attention than other aspects of the zoo environment. in this study, we share a simple low-cost approach that we applied to document shade availability across 33 zoo enclosures. we then combined these assessments with behavioral observations of enclosure use and shade-seeking behavior during summer months in a case study foc ... | 2020 | 32674340 |
| locomotor activity patterns of takin (budorcas taxicolor) in a temperate mountain region. | understanding locomotor activity patterns would reveal key information about an animal's foraging strategy, energy budget and evolutionary adaptation. we studied the locomotor activity patterns of the takin (budorcas taxicolor) in a temperate mountain region in china using gps radio-collar technology from 1 july 2014 to 30 june 2015. our research showed that takin had a bimodal crepuscular locomotor activity pattern, with an especially obvious movement peak at dusk. the takins showed significant ... | 2020 | 32658938 |