| metabolic characteristics of cells infected with a herpesvirus of turkeys. | chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with the nononcogenic herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) displayed an increased rate of glucose uptake, a pronounced alteration of the ph of the medium, and an increased production of lactic acid when compared to mock-infected cultures. objective estimates of cytopathology (quantifiable neutral red uptake and cell protein determination) showed that cell deterioration was a slow process in hvt-infected cells when compared to infection by herpes simplex virus. experim ... | 1975 | 1548 |
| marke's disease herpesviruses. iii. purification and characterization of marek's disease herpesvirus b antigen. | sera from chickens naturally infected with marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) form preciptin lines with at least two immunologically distinct soluble antigens designated mdhv-a and mdhv-b. partial purification and characterization of the glycoprotein mdhv-a antigen was previously reported. mdhv-b was found predominantly in the sonically treated extracts of infected cells, in contrast to the predominantly extracellular mdhv-a. analysis of these extracts from 14cglucosamine-labeled cells by immuno ... | 1978 | 29134 |
| mechanism of phosphonoacetate inhibition of herpesvirus-induced dna polymerase. | phosphonoacetate was an effective inhibitor of both the marek's disease herpesvirus- and the herpesvirus of turkey-induced dna polymerase. using the herpesvirus of turkey-induced dna polymerase, phosphonoacetate inhibition studies for the dna polymerization reaction and for the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate-pyrophosphate exchange reaction were carried out. the results demonstrated that phosphonoacetate inhibited the polymerase by interacting with it at the pyrophosphate binding site to create ... | 1976 | 55273 |
| relation between common antigen and membrane antigens associated with marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus infections. | the appearance of two kinds of membrane antigen (ma) in marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) or herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) infected cells was examined using antiserum to the common antigen (common-ag). no early-appearing ma(ema) was detected in these cultures until 16 hours post-inoculation, after which a number of cells in these cultures had late-appearing membrane antigen (lma) as detected by immunofluorescence (if). fluids from cultures infected with these viruses were examined for the presenc ... | 1976 | 58652 |
| [comparative antigenic characteristics of 2 marek's disease virus variants and of herpesvirus of turkeys isolated in the ussr]. | the antigens induced by pathogenic (55) and nonpathogenic (83) variants of marek's disease virus, the kekava strain (mdv-kekava) and herpesvirus of turkeys, the m-24-72 strain (hvt-m24-72) were tested in the agar gel precipitation test. the antigens were prepared from feather follicles (ff) of the infected chickens, from the infected cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and from the culture fluid (cf) of these culttures. in the ff and cef cultures infected with mdv-kekava-83, the synthesis ... | 1976 | 64031 |
| characterization of a new serotype of marek's disease herpesvirus. | the hprs-24 strain of marek's disease herpesvirus was selected for closer study from a group of virus isolates that appeared apathogenic under standard test conditons. protection studies revealed an immunological relationship between this virus strain and acute marek's disease herpesvirus. in chicken kidney cell cultures, the hprs-24 strain caused small and slowly developing plaques, and the proportion of infected cells was less than with other strains. in chicken embryo fibroblast cultures, thi ... | 1975 | 66180 |
| characterization of an apparently nononcogenic marek's disease virus. | a new isolate of marek's disease virus (mdv) was described. this virus, sb, and a clone, sb-1, differed from pathogenic isolates in in vitro growth characteristics as described for other apathogenic isolates. serologically, as with other apathogenic isolates, sb could be distinguished from pathogenic mdv and the avirulent turkey herpesvirus. sb failed to induce lesions characteristic of marek's disease (md) during a 6- to 11-week experimental period. also, sb was nononcogenic in immunosuppressed ... | 1978 | 76680 |
| a phosphonoacetate-resistant mutant of herpesvirus of turkeys. | a phosphonoacetate (pa)-resistant mutant of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was isolated and characterized. the mutant of hvt resistant to pa (hvtpa) replicated in duck embryo fibroblast (def) culture in media containing 300 microgram pa/ml, whereas the replication of the wild type of hvt (hvtwt) was completely inhibited in def culture in media containing 100 microgram pa/ml. the hvtpa was distinct from the hvtwt in plaque morphology, but was indistinguishable antigenically and showed in vitro ... | 1978 | 76681 |
| production of cells and viruses in a new multiple-tube tissue culture propagator. | a novel method for large-scale culture of anchorage-dependent cells is described. culture vessels were constructed by using roller bottles and pyrex tubing. parallel glass tubes, equally spaced by silicone rings and inserted into the roller bottles, provided an increased culture area. the roller bottles were fitted with a second opening for medium recirculation. culture vessels of 1,000-, 4,000-, 8,000- and 16,000-cm2 growth area were constructed to propagate vero, bs-c-1, primary chicken embryo ... | 1979 | 115897 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. iv. viral maturation in the feather follicle epithelium. | an experimental line of white leghorns (wsu-vs) and a commerical line inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) at 1 or 8 weeks old did not differ in the occurrence of infectious cell-free hvt in their feather-tip preparations (ft-hvt). the birds examined at 2 weeks postinoculation (pi) were always positive for ft-hvt regardless of age at virus inoculation, dose of hvt inoculated, or genetic line of chickens, whereas only a few were positive at 4 weeks and none at 6 weeks pi. | 1975 | 164176 |
| in ovo assay for marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) and the turkey herpesvirus (hvt) may be assayed on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of the chicken embryo after intravenous inoculation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) or chicken blood leukocytes infected with these viruses. free hvt, mdv associated with marek's tumor cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from marek's tumors, may be assayed in the same way. the intravenous assay is quicker than the yolk sac assay and somewhat more sensitive than in vitro ... | 1975 | 164413 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 3. transmission in three different lines of chickens. | horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) was studied in three separate trials using three different lines of chickens in each trial. there was no horizontal spread of hvt to contact cagemates through 8 weeks regardless of the line of donor chickens, when inoculated subcutaneously with 9.2 times 10-3 plaque-forming units (pfu) of hvt at 1 week of age. the virus spread poorly to a few cagemates from an experimental line of white leghorns (w.s.u.-v.s.), but not from a commercial line o ... | 1975 | 166362 |
| studies of marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus specific common antigen which stimulates the production of neutralizing antibodies. | an agar-gel precipitation antigen prepared from the skin (feather-ag) of chicken infected with jm strain of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) and cell extracts of cultures infected with either type 2 plaque producing agent (ppa) of mdhv or turkey herpesvirus (hvt) (type 2-ag, hvt-ag) had 1 precipitation line in common. hyperimmune sera to the common antigen (common-ag) neutralized to a greater extent by homologous antiserum. absorption of hvt antiserum or hyperimmune serum to type 2 ppa with co ... | 1975 | 167687 |
| influence of vaccination with avirulent herpesvirus on subsequent infection of chickens with virulent marek's disease herpesvirus. | vaccination of chickens with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) or attenuated marek's disease herpesvirus (amdhv) blocked infection with virulent mdhv (vmdhv) for approximately 5 weeks after contact exposure. however, there was no apparent blockage of infection when challenge virus was administered intraabdominally (ia). evidence for infection with vmdhv was based on viral isolation by in vivo assay or by detecting precipitins to "a" antigen associated with virulent virus. the hvt stimulated production of ... | 1975 | 168799 |
| mitochondrial and herpesvirus-specific deoxypyrimidine kinases. | to characterize and compare the thymidine (tdr) and deoxycytidine (cdr) kinase isozymes of uninfected and herpesvirus-infected cells: (i) the subcellular distribution of the isozymes has been studied; (ii) a specific assay for cdr kinase has been devised; (iii) the tdr kinase isozymes have been partially purified; and (iv) the purified enzymes have been analyzed by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and glycerol gradient centrifugation and by substrate competition and ... | 1975 | 169387 |
| marek's disease--the disease and its prevention by vaccination. | marek's disease (md) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of the domestic chicken caused by a cell associated herpesvirus. vaccines used for the prophylaxis of md have been derived from non-pathogenic field marek's disease virus (mdv), pathogenic mdv and the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). vaccines derived from mdv have been developed by attenuation of virus strains which produce the acute form of md and virus strains which produce the classical form. they have also been developed by suitable m ... | 1975 | 170953 |
| morphological response of maternal antibody-negative chickens infected with marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and both viruses. | | 1975 | 172684 |
| effect of phosphonoacetate on marek's disease virus replication. | phosphonoacetate (pa), but not any of its analogues tested, effectively inhibited avian herpesvirus replication and viral dna synthesis in cell cultures. at 100 mug/ml culture medium, pa completely inhibited the replication of marek's disease virus (mdv), herpesvirus of turkeys, and owl herpesvirus, but had no measurable effect on normal cell growth. pa also inhibited dna polymerases induced by these avian viruses. enzyme inhibition was 50% at a pa concentration of 0.2 mug/ml. at a concentration ... | 1976 | 176410 |
| efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine when administered simultaneously with fowl pox vaccine. | the efficacy of the turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccine in protecting chickens challenged with virulent marek's disease (md) virus was unaffected by the presence of either the chick embryo fowl pox vaccine or fowl pox vaccine derived from cell culture. conversely the hvt vaccine did not affect the efficacy of the fowl pox vaccine in chickens challenged with pathogenic fowl pox virus. a combination of spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate and lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate as well as spec ... | 1975 | 180502 |
| vaccination of chickens against marek's disease with the turkey herpesvirus vaccine using a pneumatic vaccinator. | a pneumatic vaccinator has been successfully used to administer cell-associated turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccine without a loss in titer due to the pressure required to administer the vaccine. laboratory studies have also shown that chickens vaccinated with graded doses of the hvt vaccine using doses as low as 41 pfu offered protection against marek's disease (md) when compared to the unvaccinated controls. the pneumatic vaccinator has also been successful in administering a combination of hvt v ... | 1976 | 180512 |
| reticuloendotheliosis group virus pathogenic to chicken isolated from material infected with turkey herpesvirus (hvt). | | 1976 | 180962 |
| application of the turkey herpesvirus vaccine by the aerogenic route for the prevention of marek's disease. | recently in laboratory and field trials, birds were vaccinated with cell-free hvt vaccine by aerosol spray. in laboratory trials, birds vaccinated by aerosol spray were as well protected against challenge with virulent md (ga isolate) as those vaccinated by subcutaneous inoculation. birds were vaccinated with a sprayer (spraying systems company, wheaton, illinois) which emits a particle size in which 90% are less than microns. the chicks were sprayed with 1,000 to 10,000 pfu per bird dose and r ... | 1976 | 182596 |
| cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. i. occurrence of "nakanuke" in chicken inoculated with the cells showed coexistence or c-type virus and turkey herpesvirus. | | 1975 | 183038 |
| cause of "nakanuke" in chickens. ii. isolation of c-type virus from material infected with turkey herpesvirus. | | 1975 | 183039 |
| [differentiation of antibodies against turkey herpesvirus and 2 serotypes of marek's disease virus in the sera of farm chickens]. | | 1976 | 183416 |
| marek's disease vaccine breaks: differences in viremia of vaccinated chickens between those with and without marek's disease. | viremia with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and/or marek's disease (md) herpesvirus (mdhv) was examined in chickens from three different commercial flocks experiencing "vaccine breaks" following vaccination with hvt vaccine against md. in all groups of sample chickens from the flocks, the incidence of detectable hvt viremia was significantly less in the md-affected than in the healthy penmates, and incidence of md was significantly higher in the birds without detectable hvt viremia than in the viremic ... | 1976 | 183650 |
| turkey herpesvirus infection in chickens: induction of lymphoproliferative lesions and characterization of vaccinal immunity against marek's disease. | chickens vaccinated at hatching with high doses of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) developed viremia that peaked in titer around the 12th day and gradually declined. hvt infection also induced mild microscopic lymphoproliferative lesions in the nerves and gonads. these lesions were most prominent around the 12th day and then regressed. the fact that such lesions were also induced by hvt in cyclophosphamide-treated chicks suggests that they were t-cell-dependent. some of the cells in early hvt lesions a ... | 1976 | 186008 |
| avian cell cultures grown in an open system (dishes) without co2 incubator, and their use for virus cultivation. | an organic buffer, n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (hepes), in a culture medium made it possible to culture chick embryo fibroblast (cef), duck embryo fibroblast (def), and chick kidney (ck) cells in an open system (dishes) under incubation in a bacteriological incubator, requiring no co2 incubation. cef, def, and ck cells cultured with this system were suitable for cultivation of avain viruses such as newcastle disease virus, celo virus, marek's disease virus, and turkey her ... | 1976 | 186014 |
| horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 5. airborne transmission between chickens. | airborne transmission of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) between chickens was studied in two trials using an experimental line of white leghorns. hvt either did not spread or spread poorly to chickens that had been exposed for 8 weeks to the exhaust air from a cage containing donor chickens inoculated with hvt at 8 weeks of age. there was no airborne transmission of hvt to chickens that had been exposed for 4 weeks. this study indicated a possible by an infrequent spread of hvt between chickens via air ... | 1976 | 186771 |
| inoculation experiment of marek's disease vaccine contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus. | two-day-old chicks were inoculated with one or ten doses of marek's disease (md) vaccine originated from the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). as a result, they presented such symptoms as abnormality in the vane of remiges, undergrowth, anemia, and leg paralysis. these symptoms were the same as those induced by the same vaccine among chicks in the field. control chicks which had been placed in the same house as those inoculated with the vacci ... | 1976 | 189219 |
| histopathological observation of chicken inoculated with c-type virus isolated from the material infected with turkey herpesvirus. | | 1976 | 197292 |
| relationships between reticuloendothelial virus of chickens and an agent isolated from a duck embryo cell culture of turkey herpesvirus. | | 1976 | 197293 |
| inhibition of herpesvirus replication and herpesvirus-induced deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase by phosphonoformate. | phosphonoformate was found to be an inhibitor of the deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase induced by the herpesvirus of turkeys. the apparent inhibition constants were 1 to 3 mum. phosphonoformate was also able to block the replication in cell culture of marek's disease herpesvirus, the herpesvirus of turkeys, and herpes simplex virus. it was as effective as phosphonoacetate. phosphonoformate was not an effective inhibitor of a phosphonoacetate-resistant mutant of the herpesvirus of turkeys nor of i ... | 1978 | 206200 |
| an improved method for extracting cell-free herpesviruses of marek's disease and turkeys from infected cell cultures. | sonic extraction of cell-free marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) and turkey herpesvirus (hvt) from infected cell cultures was improved by incorporating sorbitol in the suspending media. yields of cell-free virus of virulent mdhv were significantly increased with 10% sorbitol added to spga-edta buffer. avirulent strains of mdhv and hvt were respectively readily extracted with spga-edta and spga as the suspending medium, and extraction of their cell-free viruses was moderately improved by adding s ... | 1978 | 206250 |
| stimulation of chicken spleen cell mitogenic response with turkey herpesvirus vaccine against marek's disease. | | 1978 | 208875 |
| effect of maternal antibody on viraemic and antibody responses to cell-associated and cell-free turkey herpesvirus in chickens. | | 1978 | 209848 |
| suppression and enhancement of mitogen response in chickens infected with marek's disease virus and the herpesvirus of turkeys. | the kinetics of phytohemagglutinin (pha) response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens infected with oncogenic marek's disease (md) virus (mdv) or nononcogenic herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was studied with a whole blood microassay. at about 7 days after inoculation, a depression in pha response was observed in mdv-inoculated resistant line n or susceptible line 7(2) chickens and in hvt-inoculated line 7(2) chickens. all chickens initially regained their pha responsiveness. susceptible c ... | 1978 | 211085 |
| demonstration of marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen in chickens infected with nononcogenic marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys. | the presence of marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was demonstrated on spleen cells from p-line chickens inoculated 5--6 days earlier with herpesvirus of turkeys and sb-1 (a nononcogenic marek's disease virus). antisera against matsa expressed on five marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines were able to recognize the matsa present on sb-1-infected spleen cells. no viral membrane antigens and only a low incidence of viral internal antigens could be demonstrated. | 1978 | 211242 |
| duration of vaccinal immunity against marek's disease. | specific vaccinal immunity against marek's disease (md) virus was measured by a short-term challenge test in which chickens vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and control chickens at various ages up to 40 weeks were inoculated with virulent md virus and evaluated 2 weeks later for microscopic lesions and md viremia. vaccinal immunity induced by high (2,900 pfu) and low (29 pfu) doses of hvt persisted without detectable reduction through the 40th week in line 151 chickens, thus indicating t ... | 1978 | 211999 |
| development of cell-mediated immunity to marek's disease tumor cells in chickens inoculated with marek's disease vaccines. | chickens inoculated with herpesvirus of turkeys or with apathogenic or attenuated vaccine strains of marek's disease virus (mdv) developed a t-cell-mediated immune response to marek's disease (md) tumor cells. this immune response was detected in a 4-hour 51cr-release assay in which effector cells obtained from spleens of vaccinated chickens were reacted with 51cr-labeled target cells of an md lymphoblastoid cell line (msb-1). the cytotoxic effector cells generated by the vaccine viruses had cha ... | 1978 | 213610 |
| further study on the three-dimensional structure of the core of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey. | three-dimensional structures of the core of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey were examined by the tilting apparatus of an electron microscope. various types of the core found in the infected cells were considered to represent developmental stages of the viruses. the basic structure of the core consisted of a toroid surrounding a cylindrical mass, which was clearly demonstrated by tilting the core in two directions. a cylindrical mass spooled by more than two toroids, which seemed ... | 1979 | 218531 |
| minor dna homology between herpesvirus of turkey and marek's disease virus? | | 1979 | 219602 |
| effectiveness of cell-free or cell-associated turkey herpesvirus vaccine against marek's disease in chickens as influenced by maternal antibody, vaccine dose, and time of exposure to marek's disease virus. | | 1978 | 219826 |
| altered biological and biochemical properties of a phosphonoacetate-resistant mutant of herpesvirus of turkeys. | a phosphonoacetate (pa)-resistant mutant of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) was isolated and characterized. the mutant (hvtpa) replicates in growth medium containing 300 microgram/ml of pa and shows in vitro temperature sensitivity at 41 degrees c (its 37 degrees c/41 degrees c efficiency of replication is about 5). hvtpa replicates poorly in chickens and fails to provide complete protection against mdv challenge. the hvtpa-induced dna polymerase has an apparent inhibition constant for pa 10 ti ... | 1978 | 221331 |
| lymphoid neoplasms in chicken flocks free of infection with exogenous avian tumor viruses. | more than 4,500 breeding female chickens of nine inbred lines maintained under specific-pathogen-free conditions to approximately 500 days of age were studied. routine monitoring and special assays indicated that they were free of infection by exogenous viruses of the leukosis-sarcoma and the reticuloendotheliosis groups. some birds were maintained free of marek's disease (md) virus infection in plastic isolators, and others were maintained in conventional chicken houses and vaccinated with the ... | 1979 | 221715 |
| infection studies on a reticuloendotheliosis virus contaminant of a commercial marek's disease vaccine. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was isolated in cell cultures from commercial marek's disease (herpesvirus of turkeys) vaccine and re-isolated from the organs of vaccinated chickens. runting and feathering abnormalities were produced when 1-day-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated with rev. histopathological lesions in infected chickens were hypoplasia of the thymus, bursa and spleen, and inflammation of the proventriculus, kidneys and liver. serological responses to rev were de ... | 1979 | 223539 |
| induction of virus-neutralizing antibody by glycoproteins isolated from chicken cells infected with a herpesvirus of turkeys. | the production of virus-induced proteins in chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with a herpesvirus of turkeys was studied. it was found that glycoproteins isolated from membrane-rich fractions of infected cells by affinity chromatography using concanavalin a induced neutralizing and precipitating antibody in rabbits and chickens. after analytical electrophoresis, such isolates were found to contain three polypeptide bands of between 100 x 10(3) and 120 x 10(3) molecular weight not present i ... | 1979 | 225277 |
| inhibitory effects of macrophages against marek's disease virus plaque formation in chicken kidney cell cultures. | inhibition of plaque formation by marek's disease virus (mdv) in chicken kidney cell cultures was investigated with the use of peritoneal exudate cells (pec) from chickens. pec from mdv-infected white leghorn chickens inhibited the formation of mdv plaques, whereas the inhibitory effect of pec from chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) or pec from normal chickens was very weak. however, pec from either normal chickens or hvt-vaccinated chickens inhibited the mdv plaque formation i ... | 1979 | 228107 |
| replication of turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus in chick embryo skin organ culture. | turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and an attenuated marek's disease virus (mdv) replicated in organ cultures of chick embryo skin as assessed by immunofluorescence and/or electron microscopy. hvt-specific immunofluorescent antigen was detected in the feather follicle epithelium (ffe) and in the surface layer of the skin epidermis. electron microscopy of infected explants revealed herpes-type cytopathology. immature particles of both viruses appeared first in the nucleus. oval or horseshoe-shaped non-enve ... | 1979 | 228368 |
| turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus. a comparative appraisal. | | 1979 | 228905 |
| comparative pathogenesis studies with oncogenic and nononcogenic marek's disease viruses and turkey herpesvirus. | an apparently nononcogenic marek's disease virus (sb-1) and turkey herpesvirus could be readily isolated from spleen, bursa of fabricius, thymus, and peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens beginning 4 to 6 days after inoculation, but unlike infections with two isolates of oncogenic marek's disease virus (jm-10 and cu-2), virus replication in these cells was rare, and necrosis in the organs was essentially absent. splenic enlargement was observed regularly during the first 4 to 11 days after in ... | 1979 | 229747 |
| comparative studies on marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey dnas. | dna of marek's disease virus (mdv) was compared to that of herpes virus of turkey (hvt). centrifugation of the two virus dnas in neutral glycerol and cscl density gradients showed that the mdv genome was slightly larger than that of hvt and that the buoyant density (1.705 g/ml) of mdv dna in cscl gradients was slightly lower than that (1.707 g/ml) of hvt dna. mdv and hvt dnas were digested with either ecori or hindiii restriction endonuclease and analysed by 0.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. the ... | 1979 | 230299 |
| marek's disease in chickens: correlation of marek's disease with nuclear-inclusion formation in feather-follicle epithelium. | the dynamics of nuclear-inclusion (ni) formation in feather-follicle epithelium of chickens inoculated with marek's disease virus (with or without prior immunization with turkey herpesvirus) could be divided into two patterns: 1) transient ni formation at the initial stage postchallenge; and 2) persistent ni formation. incidence of marek's disease was closely correlated with the dynamics of ni formation. active ni formation recurred in chickens showing pattern 2 and was closely related to the in ... | 1979 | 230801 |
| marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey noninfective to chickens, obtained by repeated in vitro passages. | the relation between the passage level of marek's disease virus, c2 strain, and of herpesvirus of turkey (hvt), o1 strain, in cell culture and the level of the serological response of chickens to these viruses was examined. in both cases the immune response of chickens to these viruses decreased with increase in the number of in vitro passages of virus. virus was not recovered from chickens inoculated with hvt highly passaged in vitro, which had become a high producer of cell-free virus in vitro ... | 1979 | 231437 |
| demonstration of cells with marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen in chicks infected with herpesvirus of turkey, o1 strain. | the presence of marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (matsa) was demonstrated by the direct and indirect membrane immunofluorescent tests, in chicks inoculated 7-10 days earlier with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), o1 strain. in in vitro cultures of spleen lymphocytes and ovaries obtained from these chicks, matsa-positive cells were also detected after 1-7 days cultivation. a possible mechanism of protection by hvt vaccine against marek's disease is proposed. | 1979 | 233228 |
| cell-mediated cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from chickens inoculated with herpesvirus of turkey against a marek's disease lymphoma cell line (msb-1). | using a new device which increases the sensitivity of detection of specific immune lysis of target cells by labeling them with [35s]-methionine, the in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic response of spleen lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt), o1 strain, against msb-1 line cells was clearly demonstrated. the cytotoxic activity was clearly inhibited by pretreatment of effector lymphocytes with anti-t lymphocyte serum and complement. the ... | 1979 | 317001 |
| [vaccination of field and experimental flocks with lyophilized turkey herpesvirus: antibody response of vaccinated chickens (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 439540 |
| effects of vaccination for marek's disease on growth of a marek's-virus-induced transplantable lymphoma in syngeneic and allogeneic chickens. | a study was made of the effects of vaccination with turkey herpesvirus on the growth of tumors following inoculation of lymphoma cells induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). the cells used were from a transplantable mdv-induced lymphoid tumor (mdt-198) maintained by passaging in syngeneic hosts. vaccination did not prevent progressive tumor growth or alter subsequent mortality among syngeneic recipients of mdt-198 cells. with allogeneic recipients, however, vaccination had a significant protect ... | 1979 | 486007 |
| pathogenicity of a marek's disease virus for chickens vaccinated with graded doses of herpesvirus of turkeys. | six different groups of one-day-old chickens were vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine at doses of 0, 4, 16, 64, 256 and 1,024 plaqueforming units. at 9 days of age they were challenged with an acute strain of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv). gross and microscopic lesions in nerves and gonads were investigated and combined for quantitative expression of mdhv pathogenicity. including the microscopic lesions improved the accuracy of the hvt doses/mdhv response. the qualitative a ... | 1979 | 546406 |
| proventriculitis, "nakanuke" and reticuloendotheliosis in chickens following vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) | | 1977 | 588186 |
| application of the cell-free turkey herpesvirus vaccine by the aerosol route for the prevention of marek's disease in chickens. | in field trials approximately 300,000 birds were vaccinated against marek's disease (md) by aerosol spray with 1,000 to 5,000 pfu of cell-free hvt vaccine per chick. chicks were sprayed in the trays of the hatchers which still contained dust and down after hatching. prior to spraying, the incoming and outgoing air ducts were closed. the chicks were sprayed for 12--15 min. with hvt in 250 to 300 ml. of diluent, and after completion of spraying the chicks remained in contact with the aerosol for a ... | 1977 | 605103 |
| isolation and characterisation of herpes virus from turkeys. | turkey herpesvirus (hvt) was isolated from the kidneys of 6 of 8 turkey poults from two flocks. the isolates were identified by syncytial-type of cytopathology, inhibition of plaque formation by 5-bromodeoxyuridine, formation of cowdry type a intranuclear inclusions in cell cultures, and presence of herpes-type virions in negatively stained preparations and thin sections of infected cell cultures. one of these isolates inoculated into chickens proved apathogenic over an observation period of 10 ... | 1977 | 614022 |
| induction of delayed hypersensitivity to turkey herpesvirus in fowls. | delayed hypersensitivity, as determined by the wattle skin reaction, to turkey herpesvirus developed in chickens sensitised with the infected cell antigen. a significant increase in skin thickness occurred in the sensitised wattles as compared with the controls. | 1978 | 653123 |
| marek's disease tumour-specific antigen induced by the herpesvirus of turkeys in vaccinated chickens. | the herpesvirus of turkeys, a supposedly apathogenic virus commonly used for vaccination against marek's disease, was found to induce marek's disease tumour-specific antigens on spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes in vaccinated chickens. herpesvirus of turkeys may be able to induce the neoplastic transformation of lymphocytes and the consequential stimulation of an anti-tumour immune response may be an important component of vaccinal immunity. | 1978 | 716166 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies on the effect of gentamicin sulfate on the efficacy of the turkey herpesvirus vaccine. | in vitro studies indicate that the titer of the cell-free or cell-associated turkey herpevirus (hvt) vaccine was not appreciably reduced when incubated with .1, .2, or .3 mg of gentamicin sulfate for up to 2 hr. however, the titer of both the cell-free and cell-associated hvt vaccines was reduced when incubated with .4 mg of gentamicin sulfate for 2 hr. however, in vivo studies show that the incidence of marek's disease (md) in chickens which were vaccinated with the cell-free or cell-associated ... | 1978 | 751032 |
| studies on resistance to marek's disease tumorigenesis: effect of immune stimulation, tumour-cell vaccines, and herpesvirus of turkeys on tumour immunity. | | 1978 | 751899 |
| prevention of marek's disease: a review. | marek's disease (md) is a highly infectious neoplastic condition of chickens caused by a herpesvirus. the virus is cell associated in tumors and in all organs except in the feather follicle where enveloped infectious virions egress from the body. from this source, infection is spread horizontally by the airborne route to the environment and to other chickens. vertical transmission from dam to offspring does not occur or at best is very rare. the nonpathogenic herpesvirus of turkeys (htv) is ubiq ... | 1976 | 766959 |
| effect of maternal immunity against development of marek's disease and protective ability of vaccine. | experiments were conducted to determine the susceptibility of chicks to marek's disease and the protective effect of the vaccine prepared from herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) on progeny from dams infected with marek's disease virus (mdv), or hvt, or both when they were young. chicks from dams infected with mdv or hvt-mdv were protected from the development of marek's disease when challenged at 3 days of age. the degree of protection decreased when the time of challenge was delayed; no protection was ... | 1975 | 804667 |
| studies of turkey herpesvirus viremia in two strains of vaccinated chickens strain difference and effects of vaccine dose. | turkey herpesvirus (hvt) viremia was studied at 3-week intervals through 21 weeks of age in individual chickens of experimental (wsu-vs) and commercial strains (c-wl) of white leghorns vaccinated with graded doses of hvt. hvt viremia was consistently detectable in all wsu-vs birds through 21 weeks postvaccination (pv) regardless of vaccine dose employed, whereas the viremia could not be detected in some of the c-wl birds 9 to 15 weeks pv and thereafter. c-wl birds that lost detectable viremia re ... | 1977 | 907581 |
| efficacy of herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine against challenge with marek's disease tumor cells. | tests were made of the effectiveness of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine in preventing tumorigenesis following challenge with a neoplastically transformed marek's disease tumor cell line (msb-1). hvt vaccine prevented tumors due to msb-1 inoculation whereas 21.4% of unvaccinated controls had tumors. the results support, but do not prove, the theory that hvt acts through enhancement of cell-mediated immunity against mdv-transformed cells. the drawbacks of using msb-1 cells in this experiment ... | 1977 | 907584 |
| replication of herpesvirus of turkeys in chick fibroblasts. | an ultrastructural study of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) revealed that infection produced degenerative effects in the cells ranging from alteration of cellular structures to complete lysis of the cells. infection was indicated by margination of the nuclear chromatin, the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic virions, destruction of mitochondria, loss of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and polykaryocytosis. viruses entered the cell by penetrating the c ... | 1976 | 934991 |
| studies on genetic and vaccination-induced resistance of chickens to lymphoid tumor transplants. 1. marek's disease tumor transplant (jmv). | six strains and 4 inbred lines of chickens that differed in susceptibility to marek's disease (md) were inoculated in the wing web with jmv when 5 weeks old. wing web tumors (wwt) developed in all strains and lines inoculated with low-passage jmv (jmv-l) but were largest in cornell strain s (highly susceptible to md). of 3 strains inoculated with high-passage jmv (jmv-h), only strain s had appreciable wwt development. seventy-five percent of the unvaccinated s strain chickens challenged with jmv ... | 1976 | 938376 |
| studies on genetic and vaccination-induced resistance of chickens to lymphoid tumor transplants 2. transmissible lymphoid tumor of olson. | transmissible lymphoid tumor (tlt) was inoculated in wing webs of five-week-old chickens of 6 strains. about half of the chickens of each strain had been vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) one week before challenge in the wing web with tlt. tumors which developed at the site of inoculation usually reached maximum size within 2 weeks and then regressed. in some chickens, however, tumors developed in visceral organs and caused death in the 2nd through 5th weeks postinoculation. comparisons a ... | 1976 | 938377 |
| comparisons of cell-free and cell-associated marek's disease vaccines in maternally immune chicks. | cell-free and cell-associated marek's disease vaccines prepared from the tk/a isolate of the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were compared to evaluate their relative effectiveness in protecting chicks with homologous maternal antibody. the influence of early challenge on protection was also investigated. although the higher susceptibility of cell-free hvt to neutralising antibody could be demonstrated in vitro, no significant difference between the two types of vaccine could be established in vivo ... | 1976 | 941388 |
| field trials with lyophilised herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine against marek's disease in layer and broiler rearing flocks. | the safety and immunogenicity of commercial lyophilised herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine against marek's disease (md) was evaluated in 19 field trials involving 76,848 vaccinated and 87,590 control chickens. in the first series of 11 trials involving one commercial vaccine at a dose of 536 plaque forming units (pfu) there was a significant reduction in the incidence of md (p less than 0.001) and in total mortality (p less than 0.001) from 0 to 18 weeks due to vaccination and the overall prot ... | 1976 | 1021114 |
| effects of strain of chickens and vaccination with turkey herpesvirus on marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis in breeding stocks. | 1. a total of 3236 females from eight meat-type strains, half of which were vaccinated for marek's disease (md), and 11,193 leghorn females from ten strains, all vaccinated for md, were adventitiously exposed to md and lymphoid leukosis (ll) viruses and observed to 392 and 497 d of age, respectively. 2. in the meat-type birds, vaccination reduced total mortality from 43-4% to 27-1% and mortality due to md from 16-4% to 5-4% but did not affect mortality and ll (2-9% and 3-4%). 3. in the vaccinate ... | 1975 | 1156921 |
| a comparison of the efficacy against marek's disease of cell-free and cell-associated turkey herpesvirus vaccine. | one-day-old white leghorn and broiler chicks with maternal antibody to turkey herpesvirus (hvt) were vaccinated with 300 or 1,000 plaque-forming units (pfu) of cell-free or cell-associated hvt vaccine and challenged with virulent marek's disease virus (mdv) by contact exposure. broiler chicks receiving 300 pfu of cell-associated hvt had a 3.3% incidence of md lesions, whereas only 2.0% of those receiving 1,000 pfu had macroscopic lesions. broiler chicks vaccinated with 300 pfu of cell-free vacci ... | 1975 | 1164319 |
| efficacy of lyophilized turkey herpesvirus vaccine against marek's disease in broilers. | field trials involving approximately 1,250,000 chickens vaccinated with cell-free turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vaccine and 635,000 chickens vaccinated with cell-associated hvt vaccine howed both vaccines equally effective in reducing condemnations (attributable to marek's disease) at the poultry processing plant. vaccinated chickens were progeny of hens vaccinated at 1 day of age with cell-associated hvt vaccine. the maternal antibody did not interfere with the ability of either the cell-free or cel ... | 1975 | 1228717 |
| protection against marek's disease by a fowlpox virus recombinant expressing the glycoprotein b of marek's disease virus. | fowlpox virus (fpv) recombinants expressing the glycoprotein b and the phosphorylated protein (pp38) of the ga strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) were assayed for their ability to protect chickens against challenge with virulent mdv. the recombinant fpv expressing the glycoprotein b gene elicited neutralizing antibodies against mdv, significantly reduced the level of cell-associated viremia, and, similar to the conventional herpesvirus of turkeys, protected chickens against challenge with the ... | 1992 | 1310755 |
| detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus infected cells with cloned dna probes. | a genomic library of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) dna bamh1 fragments was prepared and two cloned fragments were evaluated for their potential as probes for the detection of iltv infected cells. the virus was purified by a modified sucrose density gradient procedure for the isolation of pure iltv dna. a genomic library was constructed using bamh1-digested iltv dna and pgem7 as a vector. a 1.1 kb cloned bamh1 fragment of iltv dna was tested in a slot or dot blot assay for the detecti ... | 1992 | 1316798 |
| expression of the marek's disease virus homolog of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein b in escherichia coli and its identification as b antigen. | marek's disease (md) is an oncogenic disease of chickens caused by md virus (mdv). among the major glycoproteins found in mdv-infected cells are gp100, gp60, and gp49, detected by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis with antisera previously shown to be reactive with b antigen in immunodiffusion analysis. following treatment with tunicamycin (tm), an inhibitor of n-linked glycosylation, the same sera were reported to detect two molecules call ... | 1992 | 1318409 |
| influence of turkey herpesvirus vaccination on the b-haplotype effect on marek's disease resistance in 15.b-congenic chickens. | eight recently developed 15.b congenic lines of chickens were tested for marek's disease (md) resistance by intra-abdominal injection of cell-associated preparations of md virus of a virulent strain (jm), a very virulent strain (md5), or md5 after vaccination with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) strain fc126. chickens of the 15.n congenic line (b15b21 or b21b21) were very resistant to jm-induced md, in contrast to chickens homozygous for the b-haplotypes 2, 5, 12, 13, 15, or 19. after md5 infection, mo ... | 1992 | 1320867 |
| differentiation of oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of marek's disease virus type 1 by using polymerase chain reaction dna amplification. | differentiation of oncogenic and nononcogenic strains of marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) was attempted by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using the primers chosen from the sequence within the long inverted repeats of mdv1 dna. pcr of the dnas extracted from oncogenic-strain-infected cells and marek's disease tumor cell lines produced a major product containing two or three copies of 132-base-pair (bp) repeat units, whereas pcrs of the dnas extracted from nononcogenic-strain-infected cells yi ... | 1992 | 1329711 |
| antigen b of the vaccine strains of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys presents heat-labile group and serotype specific epitopes. | antigen b of marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccine strains cvi988 and sb1 (serotypes 1 and 2) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) (serotype 3) is formed of oligomeric molecules that are detergent-stable and heat-labile. immunoblots of native membranal extracts of hvt- and mdv-infected chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) probed with avian monoserotypic antisera, murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) to the three serotypes and mab to antigen b showed two distinct patterns of high molecular weight oligomeric an ... | 1992 | 1333751 |
| [pathologic changes in the organs in chickens after infection with the turkey herpesvirus thv-bio-i]. | the objective of our work was to investigate the dynamics of pathological lesions of chicken organs after infection with high doses of turkey herpesvirus thv-bio-i. this virus strain is commonly used in form of the marvak vaccine against marek's disease of poultry in czechoslovakia. high doses of the vaccine are used in practice with respect to the epizootological situation. the incidence of pathological lesions in the organs of brown leghorn chickens was investigated in a five-week experiment. ... | 1992 | 1336236 |
| protection of chickens from newcastle and marek's diseases with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine expressing the newcastle disease virus fusion protein. | recombinant strains of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were constructed that contain either the fusion protein gene or the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus (ndv) inserted into a nonessential gene of hvt. expression of the ndv antigens was regulated from a strong promoter element derived from the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. recombinant hvt strains were stable and fully infectious in cell culture and in chickens. chickens receiving a single intra-abdominal inoc ... | 1992 | 1485872 |
| humoral immune responses to inactivated oil-emulsified marek's disease vaccine. | when inactivated md11/75c vaccine was inoculated into 1-day-old chickens, it stimulated antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (at a titer of 6400) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (at a titer of 640), but lacking virus-neutralizing activity. chickens passively inoculated with these antibodies were protected against bursal atrophy, weight loss, and early mortality when challenged with the virulent md5 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). that led to the conclusion tha ... | 1991 | 1659363 |
| attenuated revertant serotype 1 marek's disease viruses: safety and protective efficacy. | in earlier studies, a revertant serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv), clone md11/75c/r2, was found to be a highly protective vaccine virus but was mildly pathogenic for susceptible chickens. the term "revertant" indicates that the virus, after attenuation, gained virulence following backpassage in chickens. the present study is an attempt to develop a more attenuated but still protective vaccine virus from md11/75c/r2. forty-two derivative viruses or clones from md11/75c/r2 were evaluated. two ... | 1991 | 1664721 |
| identification of viral proteins encoded by two dna fragments of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). | herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine is used worldwide to immunize chickens against marek's disease (md). polyclonal antiserum directed against one virus cross-reacts with proteins of the other, while only 5% homology at the dna level was demonstrated between the two viruses. a partial library of hvt dna fragments ranging from 1.5 to 13.5 kbp in size was constructed in pbr 322. under stringent conditions of hybridization (low salt concentration, 10% dextran sulfate at 68 degrees c), two of the c ... | 1991 | 1722930 |
| establishment and characterization of a thymidine kinase deficient avian fibroblast cell line derived from a japanese quail cell line, qt35. | an avian thymidine kinase deficient (tk-) fibroblast cell line (qttk-) was established from a japanese quail cell line, qt35, and characterized the biological properties. qttk- could grow in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (budr, 100 micrograms/ml) and not in the growth medium with hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine. compared to qt35 cells, the 3h-thymidine incorporation of the qttk- cells and the tk activity of the cell extract significantly decreased to 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. in ... | 1991 | 1832032 |
| effect of aflatoxin b1 on the efficacy of turkey herpesvirus vaccine against marek's disease. | the effect of feeding aflatoxin b1 (afb1) (0.5 ppm) was studied in young chicks. the frequency and the severity of gross and microscopic lesions of marek's disease were significantly higher in those birds which had been vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (hvi) and birds challenged with marek's disease virus which had been given afb1 in the feed than in those given normal feed. the protective efficacy of hvt vaccine, as judged on the basis of gross and histopathological lesions, was 86.1 and 77.3 ... | 1991 | 1910199 |
| characterization of the gene encoding herpesvirus of turkeys gp57-65: comparison to marek's disease virus gp57-65 and herpes simplex virus glycoprotein c. | a gene encoding herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) strain fc 126 gp57-65 has been mapped to the viral genome and sequenced. the hvt (fc 126) gp57-65 gene maps to bamhi fragments k1 and m, colinear with the gene from marek's disease virus (mdv) strain ga. hvt gp57-65 gene sequences were compared to the mdv strain ga gp57-65 gene that we sequenced previously. overall, the two sequences are 66% identical, with greater similarity in the 3' proximal two thirds of the genes. hvt gp57-65 gene sequences have ... | 1990 | 2161583 |
| isolation of serotype 2 marek's disease virus from birds belonging to genus gallus in japan. | serotype 2 of marek's disease virus (mdv) was isolated from apparently healthy birds belonging to genus gallus that had no history of vaccination with mdv or herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). buffy-coat cells from these birds were inoculated onto chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures for primary isolation. thirteen isolates from one golden pheasant and three white silky fowls, three black silky fowls, three japanese long crowers, and three japanese bantams produced herpes-like cytopathic effects ... | 1990 | 2164389 |
| identification of the cross-reactive antigens between marek's disease virus and pseudorabies virus by monoclonal antibodies. | among the 33 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against pseudorabies virus (prv) examined, three mabs (24-17, 74-26, and 8) were found to react with cells infected with marek's disease virus (mdv)-related viruses by immunofluorescence test. two of the mabs (24-17 and 74-26) reacted with the nuclei of cells infected with mdv serotype 1 (mdv1), mdv serotype 2 (mdv2), and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), whereas mab 8 reacted with the cytoplasm of mdv2- and hvt-infected cells. however, none of the mabs agai ... | 1990 | 2164393 |
| isolation of very virulent marek's disease viruses from vaccinated chickens in australia. | very virulent marek's disease viruses (vvmdv), defined as isolates against which the herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) vaccine provide poor protection, have been isolated from poultry flocks in both the united states and europe. twenty-one samples from vaccinated australian flocks, experiencing problems with excessive marek's disease (md), were tested for the presence of transmissible md viruses (mdv). of the 16 samples which contained a transmissible agent, 14 were pathogenic in chickens, based on th ... | 1990 | 2171476 |
| similarities and dissimilarities in the structure and expression of viral genomes of various virus strains immunologically related to marek's disease virus. | various strains immunologically related to marek's disease virus (mdv) have been subdivided into three serotypes: serotype 1, pathogenic strains of mdv and attenuated or apathogenic variants derived from them; serotype 2, naturally occurring apathogenic strains of mdv; serotype 3, herpesvirus of turkey (hvt). the viral genome structures of these three serotypes were compared by a simple, practical method using total dna extracted from virus-infected cells instead of viral dna purified from virio ... | 1986 | 2424404 |
| monoclonal antibody to chicken fetal antigen on marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1. | a monoclonal antibody (2h3) to chicken fetal antigen (cfa) expressed on the cell surface of the marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 was generated. 2h3 reacted specifically with various cells from chicken embryos, especially with fetal red blood cells, fetal bursa-derived lymphocytes, fetal liver cells, and embryo fibroblasts but not with fetal peripheral blood lymphocytes. 2h3 reacted also with all lymphoblastoid cell line cells tested: marek's disease, avian leukosis, and reticul ... | 1986 | 2428485 |
| in situ production of interferon in tissues of chickens exposed as embryos to turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus. | chicken eggs at embryonation day (ed) 18 or newly hatched chicks were inoculated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt), marek's disease virus (mdv), or virus-free diluent and, at intervals after inoculation, tissue homogenates of virus-exposed and virus-free chickens or chicken embryos were examined for interferon (ifn) activity. homogenates of lung, thymus and spleen specimens from chickens given hvt at ed 18 had ifn activity. activity of ifn in the lungs was studied further. homogenates of lung specim ... | 1989 | 2475045 |
| augmentation of retrovirus-induced lymphoid leukosis by marek's disease herpesviruses in white leghorn chickens. | our objective was to determine whether the cell-associated herpesvirus vaccines used in chickens to control marek's disease tumors can augment development of lymphoid leukosis (ll) induced by exogenous avian leukosis virus (alv). various single or mixed marek's disease vaccines were inoculated at day 1, and alv was injected at 1 to 10 days, with chickens of several experimental or commercial strains. development of ll was monitored at 16 to 48 weeks in various experiments. in several strains of ... | 1989 | 2536088 |
| nucleotide sequence and characterization of the marek's disease virus homologue of glycoprotein b of herpes simplex virus. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) homologue of the herpes simplex virus (hsv) gene encoding glycoprotein b (gb) has been identified within bamhi fragments i3 and k3 of the 'highly oncogenic' strain rb1b of mdv. the entire nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined and its predicted amino acid sequence shown to share gross overall structural features with the gb genes of hsv, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and other mammalian herpesviruses. in particular, all 10 cysteine residues were conser ... | 1989 | 2544666 |