| identification and preliminary characterization of pcna gene in the marine phytoplankton dunaliella tertiolecta and isochrysis galbana. | the gene coding for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) was identified in dunaliella tertiolecta (chlorophyceae) and isochrysis galbana (prymnesiophyceae). southern blot hybridization using a psti fragment of rat pcna gene (pcr-1) as a probe showed that there is apparently a single copy of this gene per haploid genome in both species. on the northern blot pcr-1 probed a single messenger rna for each species of a molecular size close to rat pcna mrna (1.1 kilobases [kb]). polymerase chain r ... | 1998 | 9597779 |
| in vitro inhibition of the replication of haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) and african swine fever virus (asfv) by extracts from marine microalgae. | we have screened for in vitro inhibition of viral replication with extracts from the following marine microalgae: porphyridium cruentum, phaeodactylum tricornutum, tetraselmis suecica, chlorella autotrophica, dunaliella tertiolecta, dunaliella bardawil, isochrysis galbana, isochrysis galbana var tiso, ellipsoidon sp. and tetraselmis tetrathele. we have used as viral models two enveloped viruses of significant economic importance, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) of salmonid fish and ... | 1999 | 10588334 |
| uptake and processing of a vibrio anguillarum bacterin in artemia franciscana measured by elisa and immunohistochemistry. | nauplii of artemia franciscana were incubated in two different concentrations (undiluted and 1:9 in autoclaved sea water) of a divalent bacterin composed of two different serovars of vibrio anguillarum. in order to investigate uptake and further processing of a bacterin in the live feed organism a. franciscana, immunohistochemistry was applied, visualising the presence of whole bacterial cells and antigens from the bacterin in individual nauplii. by using elisa, it was shown that approximately 1 ... | 2001 | 11271599 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity of marine microalgal strains to the heavy metals, cu, as, sb, pb and cd. | the sensitivity of nine marine microalgal species (consisting of five divisions and seven genera) to the five heavy metals, cu(ii), as(v), sb(iii), pb(ii) and cd(ii) was studied by using a fluorometric growth-inhibition assay with 96-well microplates. the algal strains studied were cylindrotheca sp. and the lpp group that respectively characterize aggregating and filamentous types, and chlorococcum littorale, chlorococcum sp., isochrysis galbana, tetraselmis tetrathele, heterocapsa sp., synechoc ... | 2005 | 15910968 |
| discrimination of phytoplankton classes using characteristic spectra of 3d fluorescence spectra. | the discrimination of phytoplankton classes using the characteristic fluorescence spectra extracted from three-dimensional fluorescence spectra was investigated. single species cultures of 11 phytoplankton species, representing 5 major phytoplankton divisions, were used. the 3d fluorescence spectra of the cultures grown at different temperatures (20 and 15 degrees c) and illumination intensities (140, 80 and 30 microm m(-2) s(-1)) were measured and their feature extraction methods were explored. ... | 2006 | 16024277 |
| [characteristics of absorption spectra of phytoplankton]. | nine typical phytoplankton species were chosen and cultivated under two temperatures (20 and 15 degrees c) and two illumi- nations (7000 and 1100 lux), and their absorption spectra at different growth period were measured. firstly, singular value decomposition was used on the matrix, which is composed of the autoscaled spectra data. the s1/msigma(i=1)si was used to compare the similarities of spectra. twenty-five representative spectra were obtained for the nine species of phytoplankton. among t ... | 2006 | 17112045 |
| biochemical prey recognition by planktonic protozoa. | planktonic flagellates and ciliates are the major consumers of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton in aquatic environments, playing a pivotal role in carbon cycling and nutrient regeneration. despite certain unicellular predators using chemosensory responses to locate and select their prey, the biochemical mechanisms behind prey reception and selection have not been elucidated. here we identify a ca(2+)-dependent, mannose-binding lectin on the marine dinoflagellate oxyrrhis marina, which is used ... | 2007 | 17227426 |
| comparisons of growth and biochemical composition between mixed culture of alga and yeast and monocultures. | the alga isochrysis galbana 8701 and the yeast ambrosiozyma cicatricosa were mix-cultivated in the same medium for 7 d to compare their growth performance and biochemical composition with those of the same organisms cultured under monoculture conditions. the specific growth rates of both species were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the mixed culture than in the monocultures during the corresponding experimental phases. at the end of experiment, the biomass concentration obtained in the mixed cu ... | 2007 | 18086439 |
| rearing of fabrea salina henneguy (ciliophora, heterotrichida) with three unicellular feeds. | the growth rate of the ciliate fabrea salina was studied in batch cultures in the presence of three feeds, tested separately from each other: the prymnesiophyceae, isochrysis galbana obtained from pure culture, the chlorophyceae dunaliella salina, and the commercially available yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. f. salina, and d. salina were harvested below the surface from the first evaporation pond and the crystallizer pond, respectively in multi-pond salterns (sfax, tunisia). the highest density ... | 2008 | 18187123 |
| effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (las) and atrazine on marine microalgae. | five marine microalgae (tetraselmis chuii, rhodomonas salina, chaetoceros sp., isochrysis galbana (t-iso) and nannochloropsis gaditana), in the same biovolume quantity, were exposed to 72h growth-inhibition tests with atrazine and las. in all cases, the inhibition effect of atrazine was higher than that of las up to two orders of magnitude higher in the case of t. chuii. in a second part of the study, initial cellular densities for each microalga strain and fixed organic compound concentration w ... | 2008 | 18331743 |
| real-time pcr detection and quantification of fish probiotic phaeobacter strain 27-4 and fish pathogenic vibrio in microalgae, rotifer, artemia and first feeding turbot (psetta maxima) larvae. | to develop a sybr green quantitative real-time pcr protocol enabling detection and quantification of a fish probiotic and two turbot pathogenic vibrio spp. in microcosms. | 2009 | 19187159 |
| extending the environmental risk assessment for oseltamivir (tamiflu) under pandemic use conditions to the coastal marine compartment. | in case of an avian-influenza-derived human flu pandemic, an inordinately high use of medicines over several weeks is predicted, in particular for the recommended influenza antiviral oseltamivir (tamiflu). while the risk of oseltamivir to sewage works and freshwater bodies has already been assessed, the fact that a large percentage of the human population worldwide lives relatively close to the sea raises concern for its environmental compatibility in coastal marine waters. the potential risk of ... | 2009 | 19395032 |
| feeding by the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate paragymnodinium shiwhaense: feeding mechanism, prey species, and effect of prey concentration. | to investigate the feeding by the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate paragymnodinium shiwhaense (genbank accession number=am408889), we explored the feeding process and the kinds of prey species that p. shiwhaense is able to feed on using several different types of microscopes, including a transmission electron microscope and high-resolution video-microscopy. in addition, we measured the growth and ingestion rates of p. shiwhaense on its optimal algal prey amphidinium carterae as a funct ... | 2010 | 20487129 |
| influence of food on the assimilation of selected metals in tropical bivalves from the new caledonia lagoon: qualitative and quantitative aspects. | the present study aimed at examining the influence of food quality and quantity on the assimilation efficiency (ae) of metals in two abundant bivalves in the new caledonia lagoon, the oyster isognomon isognomon and the clam gafrarium tumidum. bivalves were exposed via their food to the radiotracers of three metals of concern in new caledonia ((54)mn, (57)co and (65)zn) under different feeding conditions (phytoplankton species, cell density, and cell-associated metal concentration). when bivalves ... | 2010 | 20638086 |
| Implementation of a minimal set of biological tests to assess the ecotoxic effects of effluents from land-based marine fish farms. | Environmental monitoring plans (EMP) that include chemical analysis of water, a battery of bioassays and the study of local hydrodynamic conditions are required for land-based marine aquaculture. In this study, the following standardized toxicity tests were performed to assess the toxicity of effluents from eight land-base marine fish farms (LBMFFs) located on the northwest coast of Spain: bacterial bioluminescence (with Vibrio fischeri at 15 and 30min), microalgal growth (with Phaeodactyllum tr ... | 2011 | 22137361 |
| discrimination and analysis of phytoplankton using a microfluidic cytometer. | identification and analysis of phytoplankton is important for understanding the environmental parameters that are influenced by the oceans, including pollution and climate change. phytoplanktons are studied at the single cell level using conventional light-field and fluorescence microscopy, but the technique is labour intensive. flow cytometry enables rapid and quantitative measurements of single cells and is now used as an analytical tool in phytoplankton analysis. however, it has a number of d ... | 2007 | 18035910 |
| growth inhibition of cultured marine phytoplankton by toxic algal-derived polyunsaturated aldehydes. | several marine diatoms produce polyunsaturated aldehydes (puas) that have been shown to be toxic to a wide variety of model organisms, from bacteria to invertebrates. however, very little information is available on their effect on phytoplankton. here, we expand previous studies to six species of marine phytoplankton, belonging to different taxonomic groups that are well represented in marine plankton. the effect of three puas, 2e,4e-decadienal, 2e,4e-octadienal and 2e,4e-heptadienal, was assess ... | 2007 | 17942163 |
| the alternative pathway c20 delta8-desaturase from the non-photosynthetic organism acanthamoeba castellanii is an atypical cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase. | a cdna encoding a c20 delta8-desaturase was isolated from the free-living soil amoeba, acanthamoeba castellanii and functionally characterised by heterologous expression. the open reading frame of the a. castellanii c20 delta8-desaturase showed similarity to other microsomal front-end desaturases, but the n-terminal domain contained a variant form of the conserved heme-binding motif in which h-p-g-g is replaced by h-p-a-g. co-expression of the a. castellani delta8-desaturase with the isochrysis ... | 2006 | 16530193 |
| incorporation and modification of dietary fatty acids in gill polar lipids by two bivalve species crassostrea gigas and ruditapes philippinarum. | two bivalve species crassostrea gigas and ruditapes philippinarum were fed eight weeks with three mono-specific algae diets: t-isochrysis galbana, tetraselmis suecica, chaetoceros calcitrans, selected on the basis of their polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) composition. the incorporation and the modification of dietary fatty acids in c. gigas and r. philippinarum gill lipids were analysed and compared. essential pufa (20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) and non-methylene interrupted pufas (known to be ... | 2005 | 15936706 |
| reduction in toxicity of coking wastewater to aquatic organisms by vertical tubular biological reactor. | we conducted a battery of toxicity tests using photo bacterium, algae, crustacean and fish to evaluate acute toxicity profile of coking wastewater, and to evaluate the performance of a novel wastewater treatment process, vertical tubular biological reactor (vtbr), in the removal of toxicity and certain chemical pollutants. a laboratory scale vtbr system was set up to treat industrial coking wastewater, and investigated both chemicals removal efficiency and acute bio-toxicity to aquatic organisms ... | 2015 | 25706086 |
| mixotrophy in the phototrophic harmful alga cochlodinium polykrikoides (dinophycean): prey species, the effects of prey concentration, and grazing impact. | we first reported here that the harmful alga cochlodinium polykrikoides, which had been previously known as an autotrophic dinoflagellate, was a mixotrophic species. we investigated the kinds of prey species and the effects of the prey concentration on the growth and ingestion rates of c. polykrikoides when feeding on an unidentified cryptophyte species (equivalent spherical diameter, esd = 5.6 microm). we also calculated grazing coefficients by combining field data on abundances of c. polykriko ... | 2004 | 15537091 |
| identification of a cdna encoding a novel c18-delta(9) polyunsaturated fatty acid-specific elongating activity from the docosahexaenoic acid (dha)-producing microalga, isochrysis galbana. | isochrysis galbana, a marine prymnesiophyte microalga, is rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (c22:6n-3, delta(4,7,10,13,16,19)). we used a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy to isolate a cdna, designated igase1, encoding a polyunsaturated fatty acid-elongating activity from i. galbana. the coding region of 263 amino acids predicts a protein of 30 kda that shares only limited homology to animal and fungal proteins with elongating activity. functional ... | 2002 | 11801246 |
| bioaccumulation of 137cs and 57co by five marine phytoplankton species. | under controlled laboratory conditions, we have examined the bioaccumulation of 137cs and 57co in three prymnesiophytes, the coccolithophorid emiliania huxleyi and the noncalcareous species isochrysis galbana and phaeocystis globosa, and two diatoms skeletonema costatum and thalassiosira pseudonana. we measured the uptake in growing and non-growing cells and determined concentration factors on both volume and dry weight bases. for uptake of 57co in non-growing cells, volume concentration factors ... | 2001 | 11720372 |
| specific detection of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in phytoplankton dna by a non-radioactive assay based on t4-endonuclease v digestion. | the effect of artificial and natural uv irradiation on dna in marine phytoplankton isochrysis galbana monoculture was investigated. the presence of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds) in unlabelled i. galbana dna was detected by a non-radiometric alkaline filter elution assay after t4-endonuclease v digestion. the quantity of cpds was estimated by alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis. precise determination of the amount of dna in the presence of i. galbana pigments was achieved by oxazole yello ... | 2001 | 11589394 |
| comparative efficiencies of different non-toxic microalgal diets in detoxification of psp-contaminated oysters (crassostrea gigas thunberg). | experimental psp contamination of adult pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) by the toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum halim (120 cells.ml-1 continuously maintained in each flume) was carried out in a recirculated seawater system to obtain toxin levels above the safety threshold. in these conditions, 150 to 300 micrograms stx.eq.100 g-1 of shellfish tissues were produced at 16 degrees c within 8 to 15 days, corresponding to field values observed along french coasts. diets based on non-toxic ... | 2000 | 10701176 |
| long-chain alkenes of the haptophytes isochrysis galbana and emiliania huxleyi. | the major alkenes of the haptophytes isochrysis galbana (strain ccap 927/14) and emiliania huxleyi (strains ccap 920/2 and van 556) have been identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by mass spectrometric analysis of their dimethyl disulfide adducts. the dominant alkene in i. galbana is (22z)-1 ,22-hentriacontadiene, with 1,24-hentriacontadiene and 1,24-tritriacontadiene present in much lower abundance; (22z)-1,22-hentriacontadiene also occurs in e. huxleyi (strain ccap 920/2), ... | 1998 | 9655378 |
| octadecatetraenoate synthesis in the unicellular alga isochrysis galbana: studies with intact and broken chloroplasts. | (1) monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgd) is the major lipid component of isochrysis galbana. in cells incubated for 3 h with [1-14c]]acetate or [1-14c]oleate. mgd contained 35.9% and 52.8%, respectively, of the label incorporated into cellular lipids. (2) 18:4 amounted to 50-60% of the total fa of mgd. separation of mgd species of cells grown with [1-14c]oleate on agno3 impregnated plates revealed 20 distinct spots. the slowest spot was identified as dioctadecatetraenoyl mgd. fast moving species w ... | 1993 | 8481385 |
| effects of extracts of tetraselmis suecica and isochrysis galbana on the central nervous system. | in the course of our continuing pharmacological studies of marine microalgae, we look now at tetraselmis suecica stewart (prasinophyceae) and isochrysis galbana demart (haptophyceae), assessing the effects which aqueous extracts of these algae exert upon the central nervous system. to this end, we have tested for effects upon the following: spontaneous motor activity, body temperature, motor coordination, dextroamphetamine-induced hypermotility, exploratory conduct, muscle relaxation, catalepsy, ... | 1993 | 8316588 |
| dietary lipids from marine unicellular algae enhance the amount of liver and blood omega-3 fatty acids in rats. | the nutritional effect of omega-3 (omega 3) polyenoic fatty acids, originating from marine unicellular algae or from fish oil, on the liver and blood lipids was studied in weanling rats fed for 2 weeks on control or experimental diets. isolipid experimental diets containing either 10% marine microalgae or algal lipids or fish (capelin) oil substituting part (40%) or all of the soybean oil of the control diet. the algae employed were nannochloropsis sp. or isochrysis galbana, which are rich in ei ... | 1994 | 8067689 |
| live algae as a vector candidate for hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls translocation to bivalve filter feeders for laboratory toxicity test. | live algae carrying hydrophobic xenobiotics can be an effective vector candidate for the chemical translocation to filter feeders in the laboratory toxicity test, but information on their application is lacking. time-course uptake and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) (0, 50, 100, and 500 ng g(-1) by two key algal foods, isochrysis galbana and tetraselmis suecica, were measured. both of the algae achieved maximum concentration in an hourafter pcbs exposure regardless the chemical c ... | 2011 | 22471217 |
| isolation of a novel c18-δ9 polyunsaturated fatty acid specific elongase gene from dha-producing isochrysis galbana h29 and its use for the reconstitution of the alternative δ8 pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a novel gene (igase2) encoding a c18-δ9 polyunsaturated fatty acids specific (c18-δ9-pufas-specific) elongase was isolated and characterized from dha-rich microalga, isochrysis galbana h29. the igase2 gene was 1,653 bp in length, contained a 786 bp orf encoding a protein of 261 amino acids that shared 87% identity with δ9 elongase, igase1, and possessed a 44 bp 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) and a 823 bp 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr). igase2, by its heterologous expression in saccharomyces ce ... | 2011 | 21538137 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper and lead in five marine microalgae. | on five marine microalgae with the same biovolume quantity (tetraselmis chuii, rhodomonas salina, chaetoceros sp., isochrysis galbana (t-iso) and nannochloropsis gaditana) 72-h exposure toxicity tests with copper and lead were performed. for both metals, 72-h ec50s showed t. chuii as the most tolerant and r. salina as one of the most sensitive. besides copper and lead ec(50) concentrations, metal concentrations in solution and accumulated on/in the cell where also analysed. t. chuii, the most to ... | 2009 | 19427695 |
| microalgal growth enhancement by levoglucosan isolated from the green seaweed monostroma nitidum. | microalgal growth was enhanced by the addition of levoglucosan to the culture medium. the growth-enhancing compound levoglucosan was isolated from the green seaweed monostroma nitidum using water extraction, molecular fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. yield of the compound from seaweed powder was 5 x 10(-3)% (w/w). at 10 mm concentration, levoglucosan enhanced cell growth and the specific growth rate of all feed microalgal species te ... | 2007 | 19396355 |
| growth and survival of early juveniles of the marine sponge hymeniacidon perlevis (demospongiae) under controlled conditions. | to resolve "the supply problem" in sponge-derived drug development and other biotechnological applications, current research is exploring the possibility of obtaining an alternative sustainable supply of sponge biomass through intensive aquaculture of sponges utilizing artificial seed rearing. this study aimed to investigate the technology of early juvenile sponge cultivation under controlled conditions. the effects of food, temperature, water flow, and light on the growth and survival of early ... | 2009 | 19221840 |
| differential growth responses of marine phytoplankton to herbicide glyphosate. | glyphosate is a globally popular herbicide to kill weeds and its wide applications may lead to accumulation in coastal oceans as a source of phosphorus (p) nutrient or growth inhibitor of phytoplankton. we studied the physiological effects of glyphosate on fourteen species representing five major coastal phytoplankton phyla (haptophyta, bacillariophyta, dinoflagellata, raphidophyta, and chlorophyta). based on growth responses to different concentrations of glyphosate under contrasting dissolved ... | 2016 | 26985828 |
| studies on the transmission of wssv (white spot syndrome virus) in juvenile marsupenaeus japonicus via marine microalgae. | we studied the possible role that marine microalgae may play during the outbreaks of wss (white spot syndrome). in order to elucidate the possibility of marine microalgae carrying wssv (white spot syndrome virus), six marine microalgae (isochrysis galbana, skeletonema costatum, chlorella sp., heterosigma akashiwo, scrippsiella trochoidea, dunaliella salina) were co-cultured with adult marsupenaeus japonicus infected with wssv and were assayed daily by nested-pcr to study whether they could carry ... | 2007 | 17383676 |
| docosahexaenoic acid ethyl esters from isochrysis galbana. | in order to produce docosahexaenoic acid (dha), a culture of the microalgal strain isochrysis galbana was implemented. in erlenmeyer flasks, a natural seawater medium, the provasoli 1/3 medium, was compared to the classical jones medium for dha production. the provasoli 1/3 medium stimulated growth (0.44 d(-1)), but influenced dha accumulation negatively (0.240 pg cell(-1)). however, dha production per liter of culture medium were of the same order of magnitude with both media (0.961 mg l(-1)). ... | 2001 | 11522364 |
| cryopreservation of economically valuable marine micro-algae in the classes bacillariophyceae, chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae, dinophyceae, haptophyceae, prasinophyceae, and rhodophyceae. | the ability to routinely cryopreserve micro-algal species reduces costs associated with maintaining large culture collections and reduces the risks of losing particular strains or species through contamination and genetic drift. cryopreservation is also a useful adjunct in aquaculture hatcheries for strains of micro-algae where the nutritional status may change as a result of continuous sub-culture. in this study, cryopreservation of isolates from seven micro-algal classes was investigated. succ ... | 2006 | 16321370 |
| elevation of the yields of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids via minimal codon optimization of two key biosynthetic enzymes. | eicosapentaenoic acid (epa, 20:5δ5,8,11,14,17) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6δ4,7,10,13,16,19) are nutritionally beneficial to human health. transgenic production of epa and dha in oilseed crops by transferring genes originating from lower eukaryotes, such as microalgae and fungi, has been attempted in recent years. however, the low yield of epa and dha produced in these transgenic crops is a major hurdle for the commercialization of these transgenics. many factors can negatively affect tra ... | 2016 | 27433934 |
| effect of photoperiod, light intensity and carbon sources on biomass and lipid productivities of isochrysis galbana. | biomass and lipid productivities of isochrysis galbana were optimized using nutrients of molasses (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)), glucose (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)), glycerol (4, 8, 12 g l(-1)) and yeast extract (2 g l(-1)). combinations of carbon sources at different ratios were evaluated in which the alga was grown at three different light intensities (50, 100 and 150 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) under the influence of three different photoperiod cycles (12/12, 18/6 and 24/0 h light/dark). a maximum cell density of 8.35 g l ... | 2014 | 24737074 |
| relationship between uptake capacity and differential toxicity of the herbicide atrazine in selected microalgal species. | microalgal species vary in their sensitivity to the triazine herbicide, atrazine. this study examined both atrazine uptake and cellular characteristics of microalgae to determine if either can be used to predict algal sensitivity. standard toxicity tests were performed on five microalgal species, each representing a different algal division or habitat. test species listed in order of increasing sensitivity were: isochrysis galbana, dunaliella tertiolecta, phaeodactylum tricornutum, pseudokirchne ... | 2004 | 15145222 |
| efficiency of particle retention and clearance rate in the polychaete sabellaria alveolata l. | the development of sabellaria alveolata, a gregarious reef-building polychaete species, is maximal in mont-saint-michel bay (france), where trophic capacity is now threatened by increasing shellfish farming. as no data are available concerning the ecophysiological response of this species, the purpose of the present study was to obtain clearance rate and retention efficiency values to provide a first order of magnitude for the trophic role of this species. data were obtained using a flow-through ... | 2003 | 12876892 |
| homeopathy outperforms antibiotics treatment in juvenile scallop argopecten ventricosus: effects on growth, survival, and immune response. | mortality from vibriosis in mollusk production is attributed to pathogenic bacteria, particularly vibrio alginolyticus. use of increasingly potent antibiotics has led to bacterial resistance and increased pathogenicity. alternatives in sanitation, safety, and environmental sustainability are currently under analysis. to-date, homeopathy has been investigated in aquaculture of freshwater fish, but not in marine mollusks. the effect of the homeopathic complexes in the growth, survival, and immune ... | 2017 | 28325219 |
| characterization of the li818 polypeptide from the green unicellular alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii. | the li818 gene from chlamydomonas encodes a polypeptide that is related to the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (cab) of higher plants and green algae. however, despite this relatedness, li818 gene expression is not coordinated with that of cab genes and is regulated differently by light, suggesting a different role for li818 polypeptide. we show here that, in contrast to cab polypeptides, li818 polypeptide is not tightly embedded into the thylakoid membranes and is localized in stroma-exposed r ... | 2000 | 10794530 |
| cultured fish cells metabolize octadecapentaenoic acid (all-cis delta3,6,9,12,15-18:5) to octadecatetraenoic acid (all-cis delta6,9,12,15-18:4) via its 2-trans intermediate (trans delta2, all-cis delta6,9,12,15-18:5). | octadecapentaenoic acid (all-cis delta3,6,9,12,15-18:5; 18:5n-3) is an unusual fatty acid found in marine dinophytes, haptophytes, and prasinophytes. it is not present at higher trophic levels in the marine food web, but its metabolism by animals ingesting algae is unknown. here we studied the metabolism of 18:5n-3 in cell lines derived from turbot (scophthalmus maximus), gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). cells were incubated in the presence of approximately ... | 2001 | 11269695 |
| bioaccumulation of mycotoxins by shellfish: contamination of mussels by metabolites of a trichoderma koningii strain isolated in the marine environment. | to determine whether toxic metabolites produced by fungi could cause shellfish toxicities, mussels were contaminated in laboratory conditions by sterile filtrates of a liquid culture of a strain of the fungus trichoderma koningii previously isolated from a shellfish, the cockle (cerastoderma edule). mussels were kept in aerated natural seawater and fed with a culture of the microalga isochrysis galbana, to which a filtrate of liquid fungal culture was added. mussels were exposed to contamination ... | 1999 | 9920482 |
| production of very long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in plants. | we report the production of two very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (aa) and eicosapentaenoic acid (epa), in substantial quantities in a higher plant. this was achieved using genes encoding enzymes participating in the omega3/6 delta8 -desaturation biosynthetic pathways for the formation of c20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. arabidopsis thaliana was transformed sequentially with genes encoding a delta9 -specific elongating activity from isochrysis galbana, a delta8 -desat ... | 2004 | 15146198 |
| expression of the isochrysis c18-delta9 polyunsaturated fatty acid specific elongase component alters arabidopsis glycerolipid profiles. | a cdna isolated from the prymnesiophyte micro-alga isochrysis galbana, designated igase1, encodes a fatty acid elongating component that is specific for linoleic acid (c18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (c18:3n-3). constitutive expression of igase1 in arabidopsis resulted in the accumulation of eicosadienoic acid (eda; c20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (etra; c20:3n-3) in all tissues examined, with no visible effects on plant morphology. positional analysis of the various lipid classes indicated ... | 2004 | 15173563 |
| crassostrea gigas exposure to the dinoflagellate prorocentrum lima: histological and gene expression effects on the digestive gland. | bivalve mollusks bioaccumulate toxins via ingestion of toxic dinoflagellates. in this study, crassostrea gigas was used to investigate the effects related to prorocentrum lima exposure. oysters were fed with three diets isochrysis galbana (2 × 10(6) cell ml(-1)) control treatment; algal mix of i. galbana (2 × 10(6)) and p. lima (3 × 10(3) cell ml(-1)); and p. lima alone (3 × 10(3) cell ml(-1)). feeding behavior changes, histopathological alterations, and expression patterns changes of genes invo ... | 2016 | 27475522 |
| effects of in vitro exposure to diarrheic toxin producer prorocentrum lima on gene expressions related to cell cycle regulation and immune response in crassostrea gigas. | crassostrea gigas accumulates diarrheic shellfish toxins (dsp) associated to prorocentrum lima of which okadaic acid (oa) causes specific inhibitions of serine and threonine phosphatases 1 and 2a. its toxic effects have been extensively reported in bivalve mollusks at cellular and physiological levels, but genomic approaches have been scarcely studied. | 2014 | 24825133 |
| genomics study of the exposure effect of gymnodinium catenatum, a paralyzing toxin producer, on crassostrea gigas' defense system and detoxification genes. | crassostrea gigas accumulates paralytic shellfish toxins (pst) associated with red tide species as gymnodinium catenatum. previous studies demonstrated bivalves show variable feeding responses to toxic algae at physiological level; recently, only one study has reported biochemical changes in the transcript level of the genes involved in c. gigas stress response. | 2013 | 24039751 |
| toxicity of the veterinary sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine to five aquatic organisms. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of sulfamonomethoxine (smm) to aquatic organisms to evaluate its impact at different trophic levels in the ecosystem. regarding the growth inhibition of microalgae, smm exhibited 72-h median effective concentration (ec50) values of 5.9mgl(-1) for freshwater chlorella vulgaris and 9.7mgl(-1) for marine isochrysis galbana. in a study on the cladocerans, smm exhibited acute toxicity and 48-h median lethal concentrations of ... | 2014 | 25461547 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of haptophytes (isochrysis species). | isochrysis galbana and isochrysis sp. are economically important microalgae from the division of haptophytes. here, we report agrobacterium-mediated stable dna transfer into their nuclear genomes. initial studies were performed to standardize co-cultivation media and determine the sensitivity of the microalgae to selective agents. up to 1 mg/ml of the antibiotic hygromycin did not inhibit growth, whereas both the haptophytes bleached in artificial seawater (asw) medium containing micromolar conc ... | 2014 | 24993358 |
| acute and chronic toxicity of selected disinfection byproducts to daphnia magna, cyprinodon variegatus, and isochrysis galbana. | ballast water treatment has become a major issue in the last decade due to the problem of invasive species transported and released by the uptake and discharge of ballast water for shipping operations. one of the important issues considering ballast water treatment is to determine whether treated ballast water, once discharged, is safe to the aquatic environment. the international maritime organization (imo) marine environmental protection committee (mepc) has determined that prior to approval o ... | 2014 | 24607524 |
| identification of microalgae by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry coupled with multiple nanomatrices. | in this study, we demonstrate a simple method to identify microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (saldi-ms) using three different substrates: hgse, hgte, and hgtese nanostructures. the fragmentation/ionization processes of complex molecules in algae varied according to the heat absorption and transfer efficiency of the nanostructured matrices (nms). therefore, the mass spectra obtained for microalgae showed different patterns of m/z values for different nms. ... | 2016 | 26842733 |
| losses, expansions, and novel subunit discovery of adaptor protein complexes in haptophyte algae. | the phylum haptophyta (diaphoratickes) contains marine algae that perform biomineralization, extruding large, distinctive calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths) that completely cover the cell. coccolith production is an important part of global carbon cycling; however, the membrane trafficking pathway by which they are secreted has not yet been elucidated. in most eukaryotes, post-golgi membrane trafficking involves five heterotetrameric adaptor protein (ap) complexes, which impart cargo selectio ... | 2015 | 26519625 |
| evidence for the mutual effects of dimethylsulfoniopropionate and nitric oxide during the growth of marine microalgae. | dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp) and nitric oxide (no) in marine microalgae are considered as two important compounds involved in a variety of physiological functions. we examined the no responses and the growth of isochrysis galbana parke and gymnodinium sp. when supplemented with different concentrations of dmsp solutions in the cultures. production of dmsp and dimethylsulfide (dms) in amphidinium carterae and emiliania huxleyi was investigated after the addition of no donor sodium nitropruss ... | 2014 | 25218514 |
| feeding behaviour of the nauplii of the marine calanoid copepod paracartia grani sars: functional response, prey size spectrum, and effects of the presence of alternative prey. | laboratory feeding experiments were conducted to study the functional response and prey size spectrum of the young naupliar stages of the calanoid copepod paracartia grani sars. experiments were conducted on a range of microalgal prey of varying sizes and motility patterns. significant feeding was found in all prey of a size range of 4.5-19.8 μm, with holling type iii functional responses observed for most prey types. the highest clearance rates occurred when nauplii fed on the dinoflagellate he ... | 2017 | 28257517 |
| mixotrophy in the phototrophic dinoflagellate takayama helix (family kareniaceae): predator of diverse toxic and harmful dinoflagellates. | takayama spp. are phototrophic dinoflagellates belonging to the family kareniaceae and have caused fish kills in several countries. understanding their trophic mode and interactions with co-occurring phytoplankton species are critical steps in comprehending their ecological roles in marine ecosystems, bloom dynamics, and dinoflagellate evolution. to investigate the trophic mode and interactions of takayama spp., the ability of takayama helix to feed on diverse algal species was examined, and the ... | 2016 | 28073566 |
| identification of a novel c22-∆4-producing docosahexaenoic acid (dha) specific polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturase gene from isochrysis galbana and its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | isochrysis galbana, produces long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6n-3). a novel gene (igfad4-2), encoding a c22-∆4 polyunsaturated fatty acid specific desaturase, has been isolated and characterized from i. galbana. a full-length cdna of 1,302 bp was cloned by la-pcr technique. the igfad4-2 encoded a protein of 433 amino acids that shares 78 % identity with a previously reported ∆4-desaturase (igfad4-1) from i. galbana. the function of igfad4-2 was dedu ... | 2012 | 22941368 |
| an on-chip pollutant toxicity determination based on marine microalgal swimming inhibition. | we report the use of microalgal swimming behavior as a sensor signal integrated into microfluidics for a rapid and high-throughput determination of pollutant toxicity. there are two types of chip. a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms) 12-well chip, used for optimization of experimental conditions (i.e. light level, temperature, initial cellular density and exposure time), can perform twelve parallel tests simultaneously. in a concentration gradient generator (cgg) chip, a cgg connected with diffusible ... | 2016 | 26824675 |
| int (2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(phenyl) tetrazolium chloride) is toxic to prokaryote cells precluding its use with whole cells as a proxy for in vivo respiration. | prokaryote respiration is expected to be responsible for more than half of the community respiration in the ocean, but the lack of a practical method to measure the rate of prokaryote respiration in the open ocean resulted in very few published data leaving the role of organotrophic prokaryotes open to debate. oxygen consumption rates of oceanic prokaryotes measured with current methods may be biased due to pre-incubation size filtration and long incubation times both of which can change the phy ... | 2015 | 25991603 |
| [effects of microalgal diets on juvenile growth and survival of the ark shell, scapharca broughtonii]. | under hatchery conditions (temperature, 23.5-24.0 degrees c; salinity, 29.5-30.0), effects of microalgal diets on growth and survival of the juvenile ark shell, scapharca broughtonii, were investigated for 24 days by feeding with diets made of single or combinatory use of four different microalgae, isochrysis galbana, chlorella sp., chaetoceros muelleri and nitzschia closterium. the results showed that the survival rates were over 95% in all diet groups with no significant difference among them. ... | 2014 | 25509096 |
| accumulation of eicosapolyenoic acids enhances sensitivity to abscisic acid and mitigates the effects of drought in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | igase1, a c₁₈ δ(9)-specific polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase from the marine microalga isochrysis galbana, is able to convert linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid to eicosadienoic acid and eicosatrienoic acid in arabidopsis. eicosadienoic acid and eicosatrienoic acid are precursors of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, which are synthesized via the δ(8) desaturation biosynthetic pathways. this study shows that the igase1-expressing transgenic arabidopsis exhibite ... | 2014 | 24609499 |
| energy vs. essential fatty acids: what do scallop larvae (argopecten purpuratus) need most? | larvae of the chilean-peruvian scallop argopecten purpuratus were fed a dunaliella tertiolecta diet (dun-diet) supplemented with lipid emulsions, rich in 20:5n-3 (emepa), 22:6n-3 (emdha) or in saturated fatty acids (emcoco). a mixed algal diet of isochrysis galbana (t-iso) and chaetoceros neogracile served as a positive control (st-diet). lipid supplementation to the dun-diet improved the larval growth and increased the percentage of eyed larvae significantly, compared to the non-supplemented du ... | 2003 | 12670787 |
| a deviant mitochondrial genetic code in prymnesiophytes (yellow-algae): uga codon for tryptophan. | the sequence of a representative mitochondrial gene coxi, encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit i, was determined in five species that cover all the orders of the prymnesiophyta with the exception of the pavlovales. through this analysis, we noticed that the 'stop' codon uga appears frequently and, specifically, at conserved tryptophan (trp) sites of the gene. we showed these sites were not edited in the corresponding mrna in one of these species, isochrysis galbana. therefore, it is most likely ... | 1997 | 9342410 |
| algicidal activity of marine alteromonas sp. kns-16 and isolation of active compounds. | the kns-16 algicidal strain was isolated from a harmful alga bloom (hab) area and identified as alteromonas sp. based on 16s rdna sequencing. the kns-16 strain was found to control habs by producing algicidal compounds in an indirect interaction. four active compounds were isolated from kns-16 culture, and their structures were analyzed by interpreting nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy data. the structures were identified as 2-undecen-1'-yl-4-quinolone (1), 2-undecyl-4-quinolone ( ... | 2012 | 22878186 |
| stoichiometric responses of phytoplankton species to the interactive effect of nutrient supply ratios and growth rates(1). | three species of phytoplankton, rhodomonas sp., phaeodactylum tricornutum bohlin, and isochrysis galbana parke, were cultivated in semicontinuous culture to analyze the response of carbon (c):nitrogen (n):phosphorus (p) stoichiometry to the interactive effect of five n:p supply ratios and four growth rates (dilution rates). the relationship between cellular n and p quotas and growth rates fits well to both the droop and ågren's functions for all species. we observed excess uptake of both n and p ... | 2012 | 27011069 |
| effect of unialgal diets on the composition of fatty acids and sterols in juvenile ark shell tegillarca granosa linnaeus. | this study has investigated the effects of six different unialgal diets ( chaetoceros calcitrans , platymonas helgolandica , chlorella sp., isochrysis galbana , nannochloropsis oculata , and pavlova viridis ) on the composition of fatty acids and sterols in juvenile ark shell tegillarca granosa linnaeus. the best feeding effects on the growth of shellfish were found in c. calcitrans, followed by i. galbana and p. viridis, whereas chlorella sp. and n. oculata exhibited relatively poor effects. th ... | 2012 | 22443233 |
| quantification of the increase in pb bioavailability to marine organisms caused by different types of dom from terrestrial and river origin. | dissolved organic matter (dom) has metal binding properties and decreases the concentration of free metal ions in the aquatic environments. however, humic acids (ha) have been shown to increase pb bioavailability for marine invertebrates, including pb toxicity to sea urchin embryos. the low solubility and other properties of commercially available ha, which may not be the most representative fraction of dom in natural waters, limit the environmental relevance of these findings. the present study ... | 2012 | 22257445 |
| the effects of elutriates from pah and heavy metal polluted sediments on crassostrea gigas (thunberg) embryogenesis, larval growth and bio-accumulation by the larvae of pollutants from sedimentary origin. | the release, bio-availability and toxicity of contaminants, when sediments are resuspended have been examined, studying concurrently their effects on the embryogenesis and on the larval growth of the crassostrea gigas larvae and their bio-accumulation in those organisms. three characteristic sediments have been selected (one contaminated by pahs, a second by heavy metals and the last by the both pollutants). the organisms were directly exposed to elutriates obtained from each sediment or fed on ... | 2002 | 12521137 |
| taurine metabolism in larvae of marine invertebrate molluscs (bilvalvia, gastropoda) | nonfeeding larvae of the gastropod haliotis rufescens maintained a constant amount of taurine during embryonic and larval development and, since no de novo synthesis of taurine was observed in these larvae, the maternal endowment of taurine to the egg was sufficient for larval development to metamorphosis. in contrast, feeding larvae of the bivalve crassostrea gigas increased their taurine content by a factor of 43 during growth to metamorphosis (from 86 to 311 µm, valve length). taurine w ... | 1995 | 9319700 |
| temperature shifts induce intraspecific variation in microalgal production and biochemical composition. | three isochrysis galbana strains, one i. galbana "substrain", and one nannochloropsis sp. strain were grown in nutrient replete conditions at 15, 20, 25, and 30°c. the interactive effect of temperature and isolate on growth rate, cell volume, production, dry weight, protein content, carbohydrate content, and total lipid content was examined. nannochloropsis sp., growth rate had no relation with temperature; all i. galbana isolates increased linearly with temperature, with no significant differen ... | 2011 | 20970325 |
| [effects of diet condition on survival and metamorphosis of charybdis japonica larvae]. | this paper studied the effects of different kind and density of baits and different starvation duration on charybdis japonica larvae. the results showed that the preferable baits of zoaea-1 were chaetoceros sp. and isochrysis galbana, and their proper feeding density were 20 x 10(4) cell.ml-1. the preferable bait of the larvae after zoaea-1 was artemia salina nauplius, and its proper feeding density for zoaea-2 and zoaea-3 was 2-3 ind.ml-1. the point of no-return for zoaea-1 of charybdis japonic ... | 2004 | 15139215 |
| a modified toxicity testing method using tropical marine microalgae. | toxicity testing of four heavy metals (cd, cu, mn and as) using four species of tropical marine phytoplankton, chaetoceros calcitrans, isochrysis galbana, tetraselmis tetrahele and tetraselmis sp., was carried out in multiwell plates with test volumes of 2 ml and the results compared to those of standard, large volume, shake-flasks. ic50 values (concentrations of metals estimated to inhibit 50% growth relative to the control) were determined after 96 hours based on automated o.d. readings measur ... | 2002 | 12002283 |
| influence of organic solvents on the growth of marine microalgae. | ninety-six-hour toxicity tests of five organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, n,n-dimethylformamide [dmf], and dimethyl sulfoxide [dmso]) on nine species of marine microalgae (bacillariophyceae; skeletonema costatum, and chaetoceros calcitrans, prasinophyceae; tetraselmis tetrathele, haptophyceae; isochrysis galbana and pavlova lutheri, dinophyceae; prorocentrum minimum, raphidophyceae; heterosigma akashiwo, euglenophyceae; eutreptiella sp., chlorophyceae; dunaliella tertiolecta) were con ... | 2001 | 11462135 |
| electron microscopy may reveal structure of docosahexaenoic acid-rich oil within schizochytrium sp. | schizochytrium sp. is an algae-like microorganism utilized for commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (dha)-rich oil and dried microalgae for use as a source of dha in foods, feeds, and nutritional supplements. electron microscopic analysis of whole cells of schizochytrium sp. employing sample preparation by high-pressure freeze substitution suggests the presence of secondary and tertiary semicrystalline structures of triacylglycerols within the oil bodies in schizochytrium sp. a fine sec ... | 2000 | 11202000 |
| comparative studies on aldolase activity in marine planktonic algae, and their evolutionary significance(1). | fructose diphosphate aldolase activity was examined in acetone powders and cell-free extracts of 15 photoautotrophically grown marine planktonic species belonging to 6 algal divisions as follows: chlorophyta: tetraselmis maculata, dunaliella tertiolecta; chrysophyta: monochrysis lutheri, isochrysis galbana, prymnesium parvum, coccolithus huxleyi; bacillariophyta: phaeodactylum tricornutum, skeletonema costatum, cyclotella nana; cryptophyta: cryptomonas sp., rhodomonas lens, hemiselmis virescens; ... | 1967 | 27064807 |
| [study on the visualization of the biomass of chlorella sp., isochrysis galbana, and spirulina sp. based on hyperspectral imaging technique]. | effective cultivation of the microalgae is the key issue for microalgal bio-energy utilization. in nutrient rich culture conditions, the microalge have a fast growth rate, but they are more susceptible to environmental pollution and influence. so to monitor the the growth process of microalgae is significant during cultivating. hyperspectral imaging has the advantages of both spectra and image analysis. the spectra contain abundant material quality signal and the image contains abundant spatial ... | 2016 | 27400526 |
| toxic effects of oil and dispersant on marine microalgae. | to better understand the potential impacts of the deepwater horizon oil spill on lower trophic level food sources, a series of toxicological laboratory experiments were conducted with two microalgae species. the acute toxicity of oil (tar mat and mc252 crude oil), dispersant (corexit 9500a), and dispersed oil on growth inhibition (ic50) and motility of isochrysis galbana and chaetoceros sp. were determined. there was no impact on cell division (growth) for microalgae exposed to both oil types an ... | 2014 | 25283369 |
| linking elements to biochemicals: effects of nutrient supply ratios and growth rates on fatty acid composition of phytoplankton species. | three species of marine phytoplankton, rhodomonas sp., isochrysis galbana parke, and phaeodactylum tricornutum bohlin, were cultivated in semicontinuous cultures to test biochemical responses (fatty acids; fas) to five nitrogen (n):phosphorus (p) supply ratios and four growth rates (dilution rates). the characteristic fa profile was observed for each algal species (representing particular algal class), which remained relatively stable across the entire ranges of n:p supply ratios and growth rate ... | 2014 | 26988013 |
| effect of feeding selectivity on the transfer of methylmercury through experimental marine food chains. | the present study established an experimental marine food chain of three levels (microalgae → zooplankton → fish) to investigate the effect of feeding selectivity on the transfer of methylmercury (mehg) through the food chain. total hg concentrations in chlorella sp., nitzschia closterium and isochrysis galbana exposed to 1 μg l(-1) mehg for three days were 27.91, 32.74 and 40.03 μg g(-1) respectively and were significantly different (p < 0.05) between species. moina mongolica and artemia sp. pr ... | 2013 | 23702096 |