| mycotoxicosis in chicks produced by toxins from phomopsis sp. or diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae. | the possibility of producing toxic effects in day-old chicks with mycotoxins from phomopsis sp. or diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae isolates was studied. evidence was found that phomopsis sp., but not diaporthe, produces hepatic necrosis with high mortality in chicks. enzymatically, the hepatotoxin produced by phomopsis sp. caused an increase in the level of liver glucose-6-p dehydrogenase. mycotoxicosis caused by phomopsis sp. was compared with lupinosis. | 1976 | 986807 |
| nitric oxide synthase-mediated phytoalexin accumulation in soybean cotyledons in response to the diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis elicitor. | phytoalexin biosynthesis is part of the defense mechanism of soybean (glycine max) plants against attack by the fungus diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis (dpm), the causal agent of stem canker disease. the treatment of soybean cotyledons with dpm elicitor or with sodium nitroprusside (snp), a nitric oxide (no) donor, resulted in a high accumulation of phytoalexins. this response did not occur when snp was replaced by ferricyanide, a structural analog of snp devoid of the no moiety. phytoa ... | 2002 | 12427995 |
| antifungal effects of different organic extracts from melia azedarach l. on phytopathogenic fungi and their isolated active components. | extracts from different parts of melia azedarach l. were studied as potential antifungal agents for selected phytopathogenic fungi. in a serial agar dilution method, hexanic and ethanolic extracts from fruit, seed kernels, and senescent leaves exhibited fungistatic activity against aspergillus flavus,diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionales, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, fusarium verticillioides, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. both hexanic extract from senescent leaves and ethanolic extract ... | 2003 | 12696928 |
| suppression of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages by soybean flavonoids accumulated in response to nitroprusside and fungal elicitation. | the anti-inflammatory properties of some flavonoids have been attributed to their ability to inhibit the production of no by activated macrophages. soybean cotyledons accumulate certain flavonoids following elicitation with an extract of the fungal pathogen diaporthe phaseolorum f. sp. meridionalis (dpm). sodium nitroprusside (snp), a nitric oxide donor, can substitute for dpm in inducing flavonoid production. in this study, we investigated the effect of flavonoid-containing diffusates obtained ... | 2004 | 15102332 |
| 3-hydroxypropionic acid as a nematicidal principle in endophytic fungi. | 3- hydroxypropionic acid was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts obtained from submerged cultures of several endophytic fungi isolated from above-ground plant organs. this compound showed selective nematicidal activity against the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita with ld50 values of 12.5-15 microg/ml. activity against the saprophytic caenorhabditis elegans was fivefold lower. no antimicrobial, cytotoxic or phytotoxic effects were observed. propionic acid and d- ... | 2004 | 15587708 |
| bisanthraquinone metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus diaporthe sp. | two bisanthraquinones named (+)-epicytoskyrin (1) and (+)-1,1'-bislunatin (2) were produced by the endophytic fungus from a tea plant, which is a species closely related to diaporthe phaseolorum strain sw-93-13. the chemical structures of the metabolites were elucidated on the basis of the physicochemical properties including the circular dichroism (cd) spectrum. | 2006 | 16595971 |
| stereoselective analysis of thioridazine-2-sulfoxide and thioridazine-5-sulfoxide: an investigation of rac-thioridazine biotransformation by some endophytic fungi. | the purpose of this study was to develop a method for the stereoselective analysis of thioridazine-2-sulfoxide (thd-2-so) and thioridazine-5-sulfoxide (thd-5-so) in culture medium and to study the biotransformation of rac-thioridazine (thd) by some endophytic fungi. the simultaneous resolution of thd-2-so and thd-5-so diastereoisomers was performed on a chiralpak as column using a mobile phase of hexane:ethanol:methanol (92:6:2, v/v/v)+0.5% diethylamine; uv detection was carried out at 262 nm. d ... | 2008 | 17614234 |
| endophytic fungi as models for the stereoselective biotransformation of thioridazine. | the stereoselective kinetic biotransformation of thioridazine, a phenothiazine neuroleptic drug, by endophytic fungi was investigated. in general, the sulfur of lateral chain (position 2) or the sulfur of phenothiazinic ring (position 5) were oxidated yielding the major human metabolites thioridazine-2-sulfoxide and thioridazine-5-sulfoxide. the quantity of metabolites biosynthesized varied among the 12 endophytic fungi evaluated. however, mono-2-sulfoxidation occurred in higher ratio and freque ... | 2007 | 17876580 |
| characterisation of phomopsis spp. associated with die-back of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) in south africa. | die-back of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) causes substantial losses in commercial aspalathus plantations in south africa. in the past, the disease has been attributed to phomopsis phaseoli (teleomorph: diaporthe phaseolorum). isolates obtained from diseased plants, however, were highly variable with regard to morphology and pathogenicity. the aim of the present study was thus to identify the phomopsis species associated with die-back of rooibos. isolates were subjected to dna sequence comparison ... | 2006 | 18490972 |
| effect of a highly concentrated lipopeptide extract of bacillus subtilis on fungal and bacterial cells. | lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis are known for their high antifungal activity. the aim of this paper is to show that at high concentration they can damage the surface ultra-structure of bacterial cells. a lipopeptide extract containing iturin and surfactin (5 mg ml(-1)) was prepared after isolation from b. subtilis (strain og) by solid phase extraction. analysis by atomic force microscope (afm) showed that upon evaporation, lipopeptides form large aggregates (0.1-0.2 microm(2)) on the ... | 2008 | 18654762 |
| morphologic, molecular, and pathogenic characterization of diaporthe phaseolorum variability in the core soybean-producing area of argentina. | abstract isolates of the diaporthe/phomopsis (d/p) complex were collected in the main soybean producing area of argentina during the 1996-97, 1997-98, and 1998-99 growing seasons. twenty-three morphologic characters related to type of colonies, stroma, pycnidia and conidia, presence of perithecia, and asci length were studied by principal component analysis (pca). genomic dna were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique. from both studies, 18 isolates were identified as ... | 2003 | 18943127 |
| molecular detection of diaporthe phaseolorum and phomopsis longicolla from soybean seeds. | abstract species-specific detection of diaporthe phaseolorum and phomopsis longicolla from soybean seeds was accomplished using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) and taqman chemistry. to use these detection systems, fungal dna was released from soybean seed coats using an ultrasonic processor to break the cells. dna fragment lengths ranged from 200 to 1,200 base pairs (bp), with the majority of fragments <500 bp. based on dna sequences of the internal ... | 1999 | 18944708 |
| molecular identification and phylogenetic grouping of diaporthe phaseolorum and phomopsis longicolla isolates from soybean. | abstract diaporthe phaseolorum and phomopsis longicolla isolates from soybean were examined using traditional mycological characteristics and molecular methods. cultural characteristics including types of fruiting bodies and conidia were assessed for isolates collected from soybean stems and seeds. cultures were identified as p. longicolla, d. phaseolorum var. caulivora, d. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, or d. phaseolorum var. sojae. molecular markers for these groups were developed and analyzed ... | 1998 | 18944833 |
| replacement series: a tool for characterizing competition between phytoparasitic nematodes. | the replacement series approach was used to detect and define competition between meloidogyne incognita (mi) and rotylenchulus reniformis (rr) on soybean. in three greenhouse tests, soybean cv. davis seedlings were inoculated with 1,000 vermiform nematodes in the following mi:rr ratios: 0:0, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. after 86 days, relative nematode-yield values (number of each species in mixed culture divided by number in nonmixed culture) were calculated based on nematodes in soil ... | 1997 | 19274132 |
| development of heterodera glycines on soybean damaged by soybean looper and stem canker. | short-term greenhouse studies with soybean (glycine max cv. bragg) were used to examine interactions between the soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) and two other common pests of soybean, the stem canker fungus (diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora) and the soybean looper (pseudoplusia includens), a lepidopterous defoliator. numbers of cyst nematode juveniles in roots and numbers of cysts in soil and roots were reduced on plants with stem cankers. defoliation by soybean looper larvae had ... | 1989 | 19287584 |
| response of soybean pathogens to glyceollin. | plants recognize invading pathogens and respond biochemically to prevent invasion or inhibit colonization in plant cells. enhancing this response in crop plants could improve sustainable methods to manage plant diseases. to enhance disease resistance in soybean, the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin was assessed in soybean hairy roots of two soybean genotypes, spencer and pi 567374, transformed with either soybean isoflavone synthase (ifs2) or chalcone synthase (chs6) genes that were inoculated wit ... | 2010 | 20701487 |
| glyceollin, a soybean phytoalexin with medicinal properties. | this review covers the biosynthesis of glyceollin and its biological activities including antiproliferative/antitumor action (toward b16 melanoma cells, lncap prostate cancer cells, and bg-1 ovarian cancer cells), anti-estrogenic action (through estrogen receptors a- and ß-), antibacterial action (toward erwinia carotovora, escherichia coli, bradyrhizobium japonicum, sinorhizobium fredii ), antinematode activity, and antifungal activity (toward fusarium solani, phakospora pachyrhizi, diaporthe p ... | 2011 | 21336922 |
| eumycetoma caused by diaporthe phaseolorum (phomopsis phaseoli): a case report and a mini-review of diaporthe/phomopsis spp invasive infections in humans. | clin microbiol infect abstract: diaporthe phaseolorum (syn. phomopsis phaseoli) is a frequent fungal parasite of plants, present on all continents around the world. it has rarely been involved in human diseases. we report a case of eumycetoma with osteomyelitis of the forefoot caused by this fungus and diagnosed by molecular biology. the patient had positive htlv-1 serology and was a farmer from french guiana who walked barefoot. he was successfully treated with long-term oral itraconazole (400 ... | 2011 | 21781209 |
| effects of temperature during soybean seed development on defense-related gene expression and fungal pathogen accumulation. | soybean [glycine max (l.) merr] plants were exposed to three temperature regimens during seed development to investigate the effect of temperature on the expression of eight defense-related genes and the accumulation of two fungal pathogens in inoculated seeds. in seeds prior to inoculation, either a day/night warm (34/26-¦c) or a cool temperature (22/18-¦c) relative to normal (26/22-¦c) resulted in altered patterns of gene expression including substantially lower expression of pr1, pr3 and pr10 ... | 2011 | 21826398 |
| Genetic transformation of Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophytic fungus found in mangrove forests, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. | We describe the genetic transformation of the mycelial tissue of Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophytic fungus isolated from the mangrove species Laguncularia racemosa, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). ATMT uses both the hygromycin B resistant (hph) gene and green fluorescent protein as the selection agents. The T-DNA integration into the fungal genome was assessed by both PCR and Southern blotting. All transformants examined were mitotically stable. An analysis of t ... | 2011 | 22210192 |
| resolving the diaporthe species occurring on soybean in croatia. | diaporthe (anamorph = phomopsis) species are plant pathogens and endophytes on a wide range of hosts including economically important crops. at least four diaporthe taxa occur on soybean and they are responsible for serious diseases and significant yield losses. although several studies have extensively described the culture and morphological characters of these pathogens, their taxonomy has not been fully resolved. diaporthe and phomopsis isolates were obtained from soybean and other plant host ... | 2011 | 22403474 |