| purification and properties of dna topoisomerase i from broccoli. | we have purified a topoisomerase activity from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) to near homogeneity. the enzyme is an 80 kda monomer as judged by gel filtration chromatography and sds gel electrophoresis, though it may represent a proteolytic fragment of a larger protein. the enzyme is capable of removing both negative and positive supercoils in steps of one, does not absolutely require mg2+, is only very weakly stimulated by nacl, is inhibited by camptothecin, and cross-reacts with an ... | 1992 | 1316191 |
| purification and characterization of a dna strand transferase from broccoli. | a protein with dna binding, renaturation, and strand-transfer activities has been purified to homogeneity from broccoli (brassica oleracea var italica). the enzyme, broccoli dna strand transferase, has a native molecular mass of at least 200 kd and an apparent subunit molecular mass of 95 kd and is isolated as a set of isoforms differing only in charge. all three activities are saturated at very low stoichiometry, one monomer per approximately 1000 nucleotides of single-stranded dna. strand tran ... | 1995 | 7784508 |
| acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov. and acholeplasma palmae sp. nov., two non-sterol-requiring mollicutes from plant surfaces. | two mollicutes (strains 0502t [t = type strain] and j233t), which were isolated from the surfaces of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) plants or the crown tissues of the coconut palm (cocos nucifera), were capable of sustained growth in serum-free (or cholesterol-free) mycoplasma broth media. examination by electron and dark-field microscopic techniques revealed that the cells of each strain were small, nonhelical, nonmotile, pleomorphic, and coccoid and that each cell was surrounded by ... | 1994 | 7981098 |
| a glutathione s-transferase (gst) isozyme from broccoli with significant sequence homology to the mammalian theta-class of gsts. | a novel glutathione s-transferase (gst) was purified from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). partial amino-acid sequencing indicated that the protein shared significant homology with several different plant gsts from maize, silene, dianthus, nicotiana and triticum, but little homology to yeast (issatchenkia) gst. one region of the polypeptide near the n-terminal also shared significant homology to a region of rat 5-5, rat 12-12 and human theta-gst (collectively referred to as the theta-g ... | 1994 | 8142481 |
| transgene expression in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) clones propagated in vitro via leaf explants. | we have developed an efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of transgenic broccoli plants using leaf explants as starting material. a high frequency of shoot formation from leaf explants was obtained on murashige and skoog medium containing benzyladenine (ba, 5 mg/l) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg/l). frequent subcultures of existing shoots and shoot clusters to medium containing only ba (2 mg/l) promoted rapid shoot multiplication. the use of a 1:1 mixture of agargel and gelrite in ... | 2003 | 12789524 |
| genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower. | the objective of this study was to investigate the influence that the species, form or cultivar exerts on the glucosinolate spectrum for glucosinolates and free sugars in selected vegetable species of the brassica genus (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck, brassica rapa var. alboglabra and brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). the results showed significant differences amongst the cultivar groups for the glucosinolate proportions as well as the contents of health-promoting and flavour-influenc ... | 2004 | 15053347 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of the selenocysteine se-methyltransferase gene and se-methylselenocysteine synthesis in broccoli. | selenium (se) plays an indispensable role in human nutrition and has been implicated to have important health benefits, including being a cancer preventative agent. while different forms of se vary in their anticarcinogenic efficacy, se-methylselenocysteine (semsc) has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective chemopreventative compounds. broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is known for its ability to accumulate high levels of se with the majority of the selenoamino acids in the fo ... | 2005 | 15863700 |
| broccoli and watercress suppress matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and invasiveness of human mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells. | a high dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables has been associated with a reduction in numerous human pathologies particularly cancer. in the current study, we examined the inhibitory effects of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and watercress (rorripa nasturtium aquaticum) extracts on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced cancer cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity using human mda-mb-231 breast cancer cells. aberrant overexpression of matrix metalloprotein ... | 2005 | 15953625 |
| effects of microcystins on broccoli and mustard, and analysis of accumulated toxin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | microcystins (mcs) are cyclic heptapeptides and protein phosphatase inhibitors produced by many species of cyanobacteria. mcs have been shown to cause adverse effects on animals as well as plants and therefore methods are needed for analysing mcs in different matrices. we assessed the effects of mc exposure on broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and mustard (sinapis alba) by watering the seedlings with water containing 0, 1 or 10 microgmcsl(-1) (concentrations typically found in natural wa ... | 2007 | 17275870 |
| involvement of a broccoli coq5 methyltransferase in the production of volatile selenium compounds. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient for animals and humans but becomes toxic at high dosage. biologically based se volatilization, which converts se into volatile compounds, provides an important means for cleanup of se-polluted environments. to identify novel genes whose products are involved in se volatilization from plants, a broccoli (brassica oleracea var italica) cdna encoding coq5 methyltransferase (bocoq5-2) in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway was isolated. its function was au ... | 2009 | 19656903 |
| genotoxicity studies of organically grown broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and its interactions with urethane, methyl methanesulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide genotoxicity in the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) has been defined as a cancer preventive food. nevertheless, broccoli contains potentially genotoxic compounds as well. we performed the wing spot test of drosophila melanogaster in treatments with organically grown broccoli (ogb) and co-treatments with the promutagen urethane (ure), the direct alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (mms) and the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-nqo) in the standard (st) and high bioactivation (hb) crosses with in ... | 2010 | 19786056 |
| broccoli regulates protein alterations and cataractogenesis in selenite models. | to study the efficacy of brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) in the prevention of selenite induced biochemical changes and the incidence of cataractogenesis in vivo. | 2010 | 20136419 |
| screening of dried plant seed extracts for adiponectin production activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory activity on 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | to search for dried plant seeds with potent anti-diabetes activity, we conducted a large scale screening for inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and facilitating activity on adiponectin production in vitro. these activities in 3t3-l1 adipocytes were screened from ethanol extracts of 20 kinds of dried plant seed marketed in japan. komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), qing geng cai (brassica rapa var. chinensis), green soybean (glycine max) ... | 2010 | 20717728 |
| generation of se-fortified broccoli as functional food: impact of se fertilization on s metabolism. | selenium (se)-fortified broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) has been proposed as a functional food for cancer prevention, based on its high glucosinolate (gsl) content and capacity for se accumulation. however, as selenate and sulphate share the initial assimilation route, se fertilization could interfere with sulphur metabolism and plant growth. consequently, gsl accumulation could be compromised. to evaluate these potentially adverse effects of se fertilization, we performed a comprehens ... | 2010 | 20880203 |
| broccoli ( brassica oleracea var. italica) sprouts and extracts rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates affect cholesterol metabolism and genes involved in lipid homeostasis in hamsters. | this study investigated the effects of broccoli sprouts (bs) on sterol and lipid homeostasis in syrian hamsters with dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia. treatments included freeze-dried bs containing 2 or 20 μmol of glucoraphanine (bsx, bs10x), glucoraphanine-rich bs extract (gre), sulforaphane-rich bs extract (sfe), and simvastatin. each experimental diet was offered to eight animals (male and female) for 7 weeks. hepatic cholesterol was reduced by bs10x and sfe treatments in all animals. thi ... | 2011 | 21254774 |
| influence of various host plants on the consumption and utilization of food by pieris brassicae (linn.). | pieris brassicae (linn.) is a destructive cosmopolitan pest of cruciferous crops. it is present wherever its host plants occur, and it is considered to be one of the most widely distributed of all the lepidoptera. we investigated the affect of various host plants on the food consumption and utilization by p. brassicae. we quantified consumption of food, larval duration, pupal duration and weight on cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis), radish ( ... | 2011 | 22030306 |
| uv-b irradiation changes specifically the secondary metabolite profile in broccoli sprouts: induced signaling overlaps with defense response to biotic stressors. | only a few environmental factors have such a pronounced effect on plant growth and development as ultraviolet light (uv). concerns have arisen due to increased uv-b radiation reaching the earth's surface as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion. ecologically relevant low to moderate uv-b doses (0.3-1 kj m(-2) d(-1)) were applied to sprouts of the important vegetable crop brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), and eco-physiological responses such as accumulation of non-volatile secondary ... | 2012 | 22773681 |
| maldi-tof characterization of hgh1 produced by hairy root cultures of brassica oleracea var. italica grown in an airlift with mesh bioreactor. | expression systems based on plant cells, tissue, and organ cultures have been investigated as an alternative for production of human therapeutic proteins in bioreactors. in this work, hairy root cultures of brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli) were established in an airlift with mesh bioreactor to produce isoform 1 of the human growth hormone (hgh1) as a model therapeutic protein. the hgh1 cdna was cloned into the pcambia1105.1 binary vector to induce hairy roots in hypocotyls of broccoli p ... | 2014 | 24124083 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and cabbage (b. oleracea var. capitata). | transgenic broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) was produced by two agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation methods. one used flowering stalk explants from mature plants; the other used hypocotyl and petiole explants from in vitro-grown seedlings. several hundred transformants containing a bacillus thuringiensis ∂-endotoxin gene (cryia(c)-type) and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene were recovered. rooted transformants were obtained in as little as 3 months using seedling explan ... | 1995 | 24185794 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of the homocysteine s-methyltransferase from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | plants are known for their unique ability to synthesize methionine from s-methylmethionine (smm) and homocysteine using the enzyme smm: homocysteine s-methyltransferase (hmt) in the smm cycle. two cdnas exhibiting hmt activity were cloned from broccoli and functionally expressed in e. coli. one cdna, that encodes an enzyme with high substrate specificity for homocysteine, was designated as bohmt1. the other cdna was the bosmt gene that we previously characterized and encodes a selenocysteine met ... | 2007 | 17391716 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis between broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and wild cabbage (brassica macrocarpa guss.) in response to plasmodiophora brassicae during different infection stages. | clubroot, one of the most devastating diseases to the brassicaceae family, is caused by the obligate biotrophic pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae. however, studies of the molecular basis of disease resistance are still poor especially in quantitative resistance. in the present paper, two previously identified genotypes, a clubroot-resistant genotype (wild cabbage, b2013) and a clubroot-susceptible genotype (broccoli, 90196) were inoculated by p. brassicae for 0 (t0), 7 (t7), and 14 (t14) day aft ... | 2016 | 28066482 |
| quantitative proteomics reveals the importance of nitrogen source to control glucosinolate metabolism in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica oleracea. | accessing different nitrogen (n) sources involves a profound adaptation of plant metabolism. in this study, a quantitative proteomic approach was used to further understand how the model plant arabidopsis thaliana adjusts to different n sources when grown exclusively under nitrate or ammonium nutrition. proteome data evidenced that glucosinolate metabolism was differentially regulated by the n source and that both tgg1 and tgg2 myrosinases were more abundant under ammonium nutrition, which is ge ... | 2016 | 27085186 |
| colorless chlorophyll catabolites in senescent florets of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | typical postharvest storage of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) causes degreening of this common vegetable with visible loss of chlorophyll (chl). as shown here, colorless chl-catabolites are generated. in fresh extracts of degreening florets of broccoli, three colorless tetrapyrrolic chl-catabolites accumulated and were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc): two "nonfluorescent" chl-catabolites (nccs), provisionally named bo-ncc-1 and bo-ncc-2, and a colorless 1,19- ... | 2015 | 25620234 |
| rna-seq analysis of transcriptome and glucosinolate metabolism in seeds and sprouts of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italic). | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), a member of cruciferae, is an important vegetable containing high concentration of various nutritive and functional molecules especially the anticarcinogenic glucosinolates. the sprouts of broccoli contain 10-100 times higher level of glucoraphanin, the main contributor of the anticarcinogenesis, than the edible florets. despite the broccoli sprouts' functional importance, currently available genetic and genomic tools for their studies are very limited, ... | 2014 | 24586398 |
| arsenic accumulation in brassicaceae seedlings and its effects on growth and plant anatomy. | we wished to evaluate the effects of arsenic on the morphology and anatomy of brassica oleracea, raphanus sativus, brassica juncea, brassica oleracea var. capitata and brassica oleracea var. italica. seeds were subjected to concentrations 0µm, 250µm, 350µm and 450µm arsenic in the form of sodium arsenate (na2haso4·7h2o) during 12 days. all species accumulated more arsenic in the roots than in the shoots, except for b. oleracea var. capitata. there was no difference of translocation factor betwee ... | 2016 | 26435391 |
| atrazine-resistant cytoplasmic male-sterile-nigra broccoli obtained by protoplast fusion between cytoplasmic male-sterile brassica oleracea and atrazine-resistant brassica campestris. | protoplast fusion was used to combine the cytoplasmic traits of atrazine resistance and male sterility in brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli). leaf protoplasts from broccoli with the petaloid b. nigra type of cytoplasmic male sterility were fused with hypocotyl protoplasts from an atrazine-resistant biotype of b. campestris var. oleifera cv candle (oilseed rape). a total of 19 colonies regenerated shoots, all of which were broccolilike in phenotype, i.e., lacked trichomes. four shoots, all ... | 1991 | 24202359 |
| small rna sequencing reveals differential mirna expression in the early development of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) pollen. | pollen development is an important and complex biological process in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. although the cytological characteristics of pollen development are well defined, the regulation of its early stages remains largely unknown. in the present study, mirnas were explored in the early development of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) pollen. a total of 333 known mirnas that originated from 235 mirna families were detected. fifty-five novel mirna candidates were id ... | 2017 | 28392797 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of self-incompatible flower stigmas and self-compatible bud stigmas following self-pollination in broccoli. | dh07 is a dh line of class i s-haplotype in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), in which stigmas of flowers show self-incompatibility (si) and stigmas of buds show self-compatibility (sc). the molecular mechanisms that lead to stigmas at different developmental stages having different responses to self-pollination are yet unknown. in the present study, comparative transcriptome profiling of the stigmas of flowers and buds before and after self-pollination was performed by rna-sequencing u ... | 2017 | 28362992 |
| storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) stems. | storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°c and 1°c for different periods of time were analyzed. effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition ... | 2017 | 28290279 |
| proposed method for estimating health-promoting glucosinolates and hydrolysis products in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) using relative transcript abundance. | due to the importance of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in human nutrition and plant defense, optimizing the content of these compounds is a frequent breeding objective for brassica crops. toward this goal, we investigated the feasibility of using models built from relative transcript abundance data for the prediction of glucosinolate and hydrolysis product concentrations in broccoli. we report that predictive models explaining at least 50% of the variation for a number of glucosin ... | 2017 | 27992213 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping of heat tolerance in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) using genotyping-by-sequencing. | five quantitative trait loci and one epistatic interaction were associated with heat tolerance in a doubled haploid population of broccoli evaluated in three summer field trials. predicted rising global temperatures due to climate change have generated a demand for crops that are resistant to yield and quality losses from heat stress. broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is a cool weather crop with high temperatures during production decreasing both head quality and yield. breeding for heat ... | 2017 | 27900399 |
| different narrow-band light ranges alter plant secondary metabolism and plant defense response to aphids. | light of different wavelengths affects various physiological processes in plants. short-wavelength radiation (like uv) can activate defense pathways in plants and enhance the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (such as flavonoids and glucosinolates) responsible for resistance against certain herbivorous insects. the intensity of light-induced, metabolite-based resistance is plant- and insect species-specific and depends on herbivore feeding guild and specialization. in this study, broccoli (b ... | 2016 | 27589867 |
| detection of the diversity of cytoplasmic male sterility sources in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) using mitochondrial markers. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is an important commercial vegetable crop. as part of an efficient pollination system, cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) has been widely used for broccoli hybrid production. identifying the original sources of cms in broccoli accessions has become an important part of broccoli breeding. in this study, the diversity of the cms sources of 39 broccoli accessions, including 19 cms lines and 20 hybrids, were analyzed using mitochondrial markers. all cms access ... | 2016 | 27446156 |
| antiamnesic effect of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) leaves on amyloid beta (aβ)1-42-induced learning and memory impairment. | to examine the antiamnesic effects of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) leaves, we performed in vitro and in vivo tests on amyloid beta (aβ)-induced neurotoxicity. the chloroform fraction from broccoli leaves (cbl) showed a remarkable neuronal cell-protective effect and an inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (ache). the ameliorating effect of cbl on aβ1-42-induced learning and memory impairment was evaluated by y-maze, passive avoidance, and morris water maze tests. the results indic ... | 2016 | 27079470 |
| chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants from cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) and broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica l.). | chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. in the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) and broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome dou ... | 2015 | 26734028 |
| organelle simple sequence repeat markers help to distinguish carpelloid stamen and normal cytoplasmic male sterile sources in broccoli. | we previously discovered carpelloid stamens when breeding cytoplasmic male sterile lines in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). in this study, hybrids and multiple backcrosses were produced from different cytoplasmic male sterile carpelloid stamen sources and maintainer lines. carpelloid stamens caused dysplasia of the flower structure and led to hooked or coiled siliques with poor seed setting, which were inherited in a maternal fashion. using four distinct carpelloid stamens and twelve ... | 2015 | 26407159 |
| ozone fumigation increases the abundance of nutrients in brassica vegetables: broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis). | brassicaceae vegetables, among them broccoli and chinese cabbage, are well recognized due to the nutritional properties. four-week-old chinese cabbage and broccoli seedlings were fumigated with o3 for 3 days before being transplanted into the field. the effect of o3 treatment was determined after reaching marketable quality (ca. 10 weeks). the inflorescences of o3-treated broccoli were enriched in vitamin e (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), whereas chinese cabbage heads had an increased content o ... | 2017 | 26074727 |
| utilizing associational resistance for biocontrol: impacted by temperature, supported by indirect defence. | associational herbivore resistance is potentiated by neighbouring heterogenic plant species that impact a focal plant's attraction to herbivores or the damage that they cause. one mechanism to confer associational resistance is believed to be exposure to neighbour-emitted volatiles, the receivers of which range from intra- and interspecific neighbour plants to higher-trophic-level insects. in previous studies the passive adsorption of neighbour-emitted semivolatiles has been reported, but little ... | 2015 | 26022675 |
| associational susceptibility in broccoli: mediated by plant volatiles, impeded by ozone. | plant-emitted volatile organic compounds (vocs) mediate interactions within a plant community. typically, receiving a signal from a damaged neighbour enhances the defensive attributes of a receiver plant. the mechanisms underlying plant-plant interactions may be divided into active and passive processes, both of which involve transit of vocs between plants and are vulnerable to environmental perturbation. numerous studies have documented between-plant interactions, but the specific effects on a ... | 2015 | 25504925 |
| purification and characterization of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) myrosinase (β-thioglucosidase glucohydrolase). | myrosinase (β-thioglucosidase glucohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.147) from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by concanavalin a affinity chromatography, with an intermediate dialysis step, resulting in 88% recovery and 1318-fold purification. these are the highest values reported for the purification of any myrosinase. the subunits of broccoli myrosinase have a molecular mass of 50-55 kda. the native molecular mass of myrosinase was 157 kda, a ... | 2014 | 25390544 |
| genotype influences sulfur metabolism in broccoli (brassica oleracea l.) under elevated co2 and nacl stress. | climatic change predicts elevated salinity in soils as well as increased carbon dioxide dioxide [co2] in the atmosphere. the present study aims to determine the effect of combined salinity and elevated [co2] on sulfur (s) metabolism and s-derived phytochemicals in green and purple broccoli (cv. naxos and cv. viola, respectively). elevated [co2] involved the amelioration of salt stress, especially in cv. viola, where a lower biomass reduction by salinity was accompanied by higher sodium (na(+)) a ... | 2014 | 25246493 |
| identification and characterization of micrornas related to salt stress in broccoli, using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. | micrornas (mirnas) are a new class of endogenous regulators of a broad range of physiological processes, which act by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. the brassica vegetable, broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), is very popular with a wide range of consumers, but environmental stresses such as salinity are a problem worldwide in restricting its growth and yield. little is known about the role of mirnas in the response of broccoli to salt stress. in this study, broccoli su ... | 2014 | 25181943 |
| compositional and proteomic analyses of genetically modified broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) harboring an agrobacterial gene. | previously, we showed improved shelf life for agrobacterial isopentenyltransferase (ipt) transgenic broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), with yield comparable to commercial varieties, because of the protection mechanism offered by molecular chaperones and stress-related proteins. here, we used proximate analysis to examine macronutrients, chemical and mineral constituents as well as anti-nutrient and protein changes of ipt-transgenic broccoli and corresponding controls. we also preliminari ... | 2014 | 25170807 |
| variation in bioactive content in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) grown under conventional and organic production systems. | broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables contain a number of bioactive compounds, in particular glucosinolates and polyphenols, which are proposed to confer health benefits to the consumer. demand for organic crops is at least partly based on a perception that organic crops may contain higher levels of bioactive compounds; however, insufficient research has been carried out to either support or refute such claims. | 2015 | 24976520 |
| effect of water content and temperature on inactivation kinetics of myrosinase in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | broccoli belongs to the brassicaceae plant family consisting of widely eaten vegetables containing high concentrations of glucosinolates. enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates by endogenous myrosinase (myr) can form isothiocyanates with health-promoting activities. the effect of water content (wc) and temperature on myr inactivation in broccoli was investigated. broccoli was freeze dried obtaining batches with wc between 10% and 90% (aw from 0.10 to 0.96). these samples were incubated for vario ... | 2014 | 24912716 |
| evaluation of different cooking conditions on broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) to improve the nutritional value and consumer acceptance. | the objective of this study was to gain insights into the effect of the cooking method on the liking as well as the retention of glucosinolates in broccoli. with this knowledge it can be concluded whether the health aspects of broccoli be improved by the cooking method without deteriorating sensory perception. for this, broccoli was cooked by methods commonly applied by consumers: boiling with a cold (water) start; boiling with a hot (water) start; and steaming. firmness, greenness and amount of ... | 2014 | 24853375 |
| insecticide residues in head lettuce, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and broccoli grown in fields. | the residues of four insecticides belonging to different families were studied on head lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea linn. var. capitata dc.), chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis skeels), and broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) after pesticide application. to reduce application variability, a tank mix of acetamiprid 20% sp, chlorpyrifos 22.5% ec, deltamethrin 2.4% sc, and methomyl 40% sp was applied at recommended and double doses. initial deposi ... | 2014 | 24684565 |
| potential of cultivar and crop management to affect phytochemical content in winter-grown sprouting broccoli (brassica oleracea l. var. italica). | variety and crop management strategies affect the content of bioactive compounds (phenolics, flavonoids and glucosinolates) in green broccoli (calabrese) types, which are cultivated during summer and autumn in temperate european climates. sprouting broccoli types are morphologically distinct and are grown over the winter season and harvested until early spring. thus they show considerable potential for development as an import substitution crop for growers and consumers during the 'hungry gap' o ... | 2014 | 23761132 |
| genetic regulation of glucoraphanin accumulation in beneforté broccoli. | · diets rich in broccoli (brassica oleracea var italica) have been associated with maintenance of cardiovascular health and reduction in risk of cancer. these health benefits have been attributed to glucoraphanin that specifically accumulates in broccoli. the development of broccoli with enhanced concentrations of glucoraphanin may deliver greater health benefits. · three high-glucoraphanin f1 broccoli hybrids were developed in independent programmes through genome introgression from the wild sp ... | 2013 | 23560984 |
| glucosinolate biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | here we present previously unreported glucosinolate production by hairy root cultures of broccoli (b. oleracea var. italica). growth media greatly influenced the growth and glucosinolate content of hairy root cultures of broccoli. seven glucosinolates, glucoraphanin, gluconapin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin, were identified by analysis of the broccoli hairy root cultures. both half and full strength b5 and sh media enabled the highe ... | 2013 | 23513733 |
| the potential to intensify sulforaphane formation in cooked broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) using mustard seeds (sinapis alba). | sulforaphane, a naturally occurring cancer chemopreventive, is the hydrolysis product of glucoraphanin, the main glucosinolate in broccoli. the hydrolysis requires myrosinase isoenzyme to be present in sufficient activity; however, processing leads to its denaturation and hence reduced hydrolysis. in this study, the effect of adding mustard seeds, which contain a more resilient isoform of myrosinase, to processed broccoli was investigated with a view to intensify the formation of sulforaphane. t ... | 2013 | 23411305 |
| different postharvest strategies to preserve broccoli quality during storage and shelf life: controlled atmosphere and 1-mcp. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is a vegetable that requires the application of postharvest techniques to extend its marketability. controlled atmosphere and 1-mcp treatments are most used to extend the shelf life of broccoli and reduce post-harvest deterioration. the aim of this study was to evaluate the visual, physicochemical and functional changes of broccoli head samples stored at 1-2 °c and 85-90% relative humidity (rh) in air (control samples), under controlled atmospheres (10% ... | 2013 | 23265525 |
| an overview of health-promoting compounds of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) and the effect of processing. | broccoli offers many heath-promoting properties owing to its content of antioxidant and anticarcinogenic compounds. the concentration and bioavailability of polyphenols, glucosinolates, sulforaphane and selenium depend on plant biochemistry, cultivation strategy and type of processing. in this article, the main biochemical properties of broccoli are reviewed regarding their health-promoting effects. additionally, the way these properties are affected by processing is discussed. steaming and dryi ... | 2012 | 23175779 |
| natural antioxidants in purple sprouting broccoli under mediterranean climate. | broccoli, (brassica oleracea var. italica), is generally recognized as a nutritive food rich in natural antioxidants, including vitamins and phenolics compounds. phytochemical composition of 3 different purple sprouting broccoli varieties according with their production cycle: eep (extra early), ep (early), and lp (late) were determined. the 3 cultivars tested were grown under the same conditions in an experimental field (se spain) where they were not previously cultivated since these cultivars ... | 2012 | 22924736 |
| molecular and functional characterization of broccoli embryonic flower 2 genes. | polycomb group (pcg) proteins regulate major developmental processes in arabidopsis. embryonic flower 2 (emf2), the vefs domain-containing pcg gene, regulates diverse genetic pathways and is required for vegetative development and plant survival. despite widespread emf2-like sequences in plants, little is known about their function other than in arabidopsis and rice. to study the role of emf2 in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica cv. elegance) development, we identified two broccoli emf2 ( ... | 2012 | 22537758 |
| thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (brassica oleracea var. italica) and model systems. | processing reduces the glucosinolate (gsl) content of plant food, among other aspects due to thermally induced degradation. since there is little information about the thermal stability of gsl and formation of corresponding breakdown products, the thermally induced degradation of sulfur-containing aliphatic gsl was studied in broccoli sprouts and with isolated gsl in dry medium at different temperatures as well as in aqueous medium at different ph values. desulfo-gsl have been analyzed with hplc ... | 2012 | 22321130 |
| antioxidative and antitumor properties of in vitro-cultivated broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | broccoli [brassica oleracea l. var. italica plenck. (brassicaceae)] contains substantial quantities of bioactive compounds, which are good free radical scavengers and thus might have strong antitumor properties. enhancing production of plant secondary metabolites could be obtained with phytohormones that have significant effects on the metabolism of secondary metabolites. in that manner, in vitro culture presents good model for manipulation with plant tissues in order to affect secondary metabol ... | 2012 | 22235886 |
| sucrose enhances the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts. | the germination rate, fresh weight, as well as the contents of anthocyanins and glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts treated with different kinds of sugars, including sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol, and fructose/glucose (1:1), were investigated. the results showed that all the sugars induced the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates with sucrose being the most effective one. in accordance with the accumulation of anthocyanins and glucosinolates, the antioxidant level increased whil ... | 2011 | 25212340 |
| proteomic analysis of stress-related proteins in transgenic broccoli harboring a gene for cytokinin production during postharvest senescence. | our previous study revealed a cytokinin-related retardation of post-harvest floret yellowing in transgenic broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) that harbored the bacterial isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene. we aimed to investigate the underlining mechanism of this delayed post-harvest senescence. we used 2d electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for a proteomics analysis of heads of ipt-transgenic and non-transgenic inbred lines ... | 2011 | 21763540 |
| fine mapping of a male sterility gene ms-cd1 in brassica oleracea. | a dominant male sterility (dgms) line 79-399-3, developed from a spontaneous mutation in brassica oleracea var. capitata, has been widely used in production of hybrid cultivars in china. in this line, male sterility is controlled by a dominant gene ms-cd1. in the present study, fine mapping of ms-cd1 was conducted by screening a segregating population ms79-07 with 2,028 individuals developed by four times backcrossing using a male sterile brassica oleracea var. italica line harboring ms-cd1 as d ... | 2011 | 21538103 |
| glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts (brassica oleracea var. italica) as conditioned by sulphate supply during germination. | sulphur (s) fertilization is essential for primary and secondary metabolism in cruciferous foods. deficient, suboptimal, or excessive s affects the growth and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in adult plants. nevertheless, there is little information regarding the influence of s fertilization on sprouts and seedlings. an experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of s fertilization, supplied as k(2)so(4) at 0, 15, 30, and 60 mg/l, on the glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts during th ... | 2010 | 21535484 |
| dieldrin-dissolving abilities of the xylem saps of several plant families, particularly cucurbita pepo l. | the uptake ability of hydrophobic organic chemicals by plants and the nature of xylem sap of the plants were studied. the plants were grown in soil contaminated with dieldrin. high amounts of dieldrin were detected in the shoots of cucurbita pepo and cucumis sativus, but little was seen in the shoots of brassica oleracea var. italica, solanum lycopersicum, glycine max, zea mays, and helianthus annuus. the xylem saps of c. pepo and c. sativus leached dieldrin adsorbed on c8 granules, but those of ... | 2010 | 20872691 |
| thermal stability of l-ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid oxidase in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | the thermal stability of vitamin c (including l-ascorbic acid [l-aa] and dehydroascorbic acid [dhaa]) in crushed broccoli was evaluated in the temperature range of 30 to 90 degrees c whereas that of ascorbic acid oxidase (aao) was evaluated in the temperature range of 20 to 95 degrees c. thermal treatments (for 15 min) of crushed broccoli at 30 to 60 degrees c resulted in conversion of l-aa to dhaa whereas treatments at 70 to 90 degrees c retained vitamin c as l-aa. these observations indicated ... | 2010 | 20546391 |
| influence of thermal processing on hydrolysis and stability of folate poly-gamma-glutamates in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), carrot (daucus carota) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum). | the folate poly-gamma-glutamate profile, their concentrations, and hydrolysis by endogenous gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (ggh) were evaluated in broccoli, carrot and tomato. further studies on the effect of time and temperature on folate poly-gamma-glutamate hydrolysis and stability were carried out in broccoli since this vegetable showed the highest long-chain and total folate poly-gamma-glutamate concentration. the evolution of l-ascorbic acid, total phenols and trolox equivalent antioxidant capac ... | 2010 | 20329724 |
| atmospheric carbon dioxide changes photochemical activity, soluble sugars and volatile levels in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | atmospheric carbon dioxide (co(2)) concentration is an environmental factor currently undergoing dramatic changes. the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of doubling the ambient co(2) concentration on plant photochemistry as measured by photochemical quenching coefficient (qp), soluble sugars and volatiles in broccoli. elevated co(2) concentration increased qp values in leaves by up to 100% and 89% in heads, while glucose and sucrose in leaves increased by about 60%. furt ... | 2010 | 20158238 |
| impact of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on the composition of glucosinolates in relation to sulfur assimilation in different plant organs of broccoli. | broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is one of the most important winter season vegetables and a rich source of chemoprotective molecules, including glucosinolates (gsl). the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s) fertilization on gsl concentration and composition in different parts of broccoli plants. a greenhouse experiment was performed, with four different treatments of sulfur (10, 30, 70, and 150 kg/ha) and three treatments of nitrogen (50, 250, ... | 2009 | 19791742 |
| food safety evaluation of broccoli and radish sprouts. | three cultivars of broccoli seeds (brassica oleracea var. italica), cv. tiburon, cv. belstar and cv. lucky, and two cultivars of radish seeds (raphanus sativus), cv. rebel and cv. bolide, were germinated for three and five days and safety aspects such as microbiological counts and biogenic amines were investigated. cytotoxicity evaluation was also carried out. broccoli and radish sprouts contained numbers of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, total and faecal coliform bacteria which are the usual count ... | 2008 | 18314243 |
| culture and fusion of pollen protoplasts of brassica oleracea l. var. italica with haploid mesophyll protoplasts of b. rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. | hybrid callus was formed from the successful protoplast fusion between pollen protoplasts of brassica oleracea var. italica and haploid mesophyll protoplasts of brassica rapa. the pollen protoplast isolation frequency in broccoli was highly related to the ratio of trinucleate pollens in the male gametophyte population. large quantities of pollen protoplasts with high vigor could be isolated, and the isolation frequency reached up to 90% in 6.0-7.0 mm long flower buds with about 94.7% trinucleate ... | 2007 | 17370111 |
| [stimulatory effects of low temperature treatment of germinating seeds on flower-bud differentiation in broccoli]. | the effects of low temperature treatment (0-2 degrees c) of germinating seeds in accelerating process of flower-bud differentiation in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) were studied. the results indicated that low temperature treatment of germinating seeds for 10 d in broccoli (t(10)) lowered 0.86 nodes and advanced 5 d for the critical stage of flower-bud differentiation, stage of primary furcation scape primordium differentiation and stage of secondary and tertiary furcation scape prim ... | 2004 | 15627691 |
| mapping of transposable element dissociation inserts in brassica oleracea following plant regeneration from streptomycin selection of callus. | to investigate the potential of heterologous transposons as a gene-tagging system in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica), we have introduced a dissociation ( ds)-based two-element transposon system. ds has been cloned into a 35s-spt excision-marker system, with transposition being driven by an independent 35s-transposase gene construct. in three successive selfed generations of plants, there was no evidence of germinal-excision events. in a previous study, we overcame this apparent inabili ... | 2004 | 15014879 |
| the effect of post-harvest and packaging treatments on glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | the effects of post-harvest and packaging treatments on glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate), the glucosinolate precursor of anticancer isothiocyanate sulforaphane [4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate], were examined in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) during storage times. the results showed that at 20 degrees c, 55% loss of glucoraphanin concentration occurred in broccoli stored in open boxes during the first 3 days of the treatment and 56% loss was found in broccoli s ... | 2002 | 12452663 |
| influence of temperature and ontogeny on the levels of glucosinolates in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) sprouts and their effect on the induction of mammalian phase 2 enzymes. | broccoli inflorescences have been recognized as components of healthy diets on the basis of their high content of fiber, vitamin c, carotenoids, and glucosinolates/isothiocyanates. broccoli sprouts have been recently shown to have high levels of glucoraphanin (4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate), the precursor of the chemoprotective isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. this study evaluated the effects of temperature and developmental stage on the glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts. seedlings cu ... | 2002 | 12358509 |
| the position of localized soil compaction determines root and subsequent shoot growth responses. | plants growing in soils typically experience a mixture of loose and compact soil. the hypothesis that the proportion of a root system exposed to compact soil and/or the timing at which this exposure occurs determines shoot growth responses was tested. broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica cv. greenbelt) seedlings were grown in pot experiments with compact, loose and localized soil compaction created by either horizontal (compact subsoils 75 or 150 mm below loose topsoil) or vertical (adjacent ... | 2001 | 11604451 |
| towards optimization of growth via nutrient supply phasing: nitrogen supply phasing increases broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) growth and yield. | a greenhouse experiment on broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica, cvs windsor and arcadia) was carried out in order to demonstrate that supplying nitrogen (n) to meet the nitrogen demands of plant growth stages, through n phasing, improves plant growth and yield, as compared to fertilizing at the conventional, optimal, constant n rate. two broccoli cultivars and two rates of starter nitrogen fertilizer (optimum, 250 mg l(-1) and sub-optimum, 150 mg l(-1)), were combined with three timings of ... | 2001 | 11413218 |
| carrageenan oligosaccharides enhance stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in brassica oleracea var. italica. | embryogenic induction in cultures of isolated microspores is a stress-dependent process, which can be triggered by heat shock, sucrose or nitrogen starvation or by anti-microtubular drugs. as they are known to mimic biotic stress, oligosaccharides were tested as an alternative source of compounds to induce microspore embryogenesis in brassica oleracea var. italica. among the eight oligosaccharide series that were investigated and the corresponding polysaccharides, namely pectin, alginate, fucan, ... | 2001 | 11337078 |
| preparative hplc method for the purification of sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile from brassica oleracea. | an extraction and preparative hplc method has been devised to simultaneously purify sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile from the seed of brassica oleracea var. italica cv. brigadier. the seed was defatted with hexane, dried, and hydrolyzed in deionized water (1:9) for 8 h. the hydrolyzed seed meal was salted and extracted with methylene chloride. the dried residue was redissolved in a 5% acetonitrile solution and washed with excess hexane to remove nonpolar contaminants. the aqueous phase was ... | 2001 | 11308338 |
| biochemical characterization of cystine lyase from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | cystine lyase is the enzyme responsible for off-aroma deterioration in fresh unblanched broccoli. in this research, cystine lyase purification from broccoli has been optimized. only one protein peak with cystine lyase activity was found during purification. broccoli cystine lyase was purified 100-fold to homogeneity. l-cystine, l-cysteine-s-sulfate, l-djenkolic acid, and some s-alkyl-l-cysteines and their sulfoxides are substrates, but the enzyme had negligible activity with l-cystathionine. a k ... | 1999 | 10794613 |
| geometrical e/z isomers of (6r)- and (6s)-neoxanthin and biological implications. | 9'z-(3s,5r,6r,3's,5'r,6's)-neoxanthin reisolated from spinach (spinacea oleracea) and characterized by hplc, vis, ms, and 2d (1)h nmr, has been submitted to photoinduced stereomutation in the presence of iodine or diphenyl diselenide at conditions not involving isomerization of the allenic bond. the six individual geometrical isomers, all-e,9z,9'z,13z,13'z,15z and three minor di-z-isomers, presumably 9,9'-di-z,9',13-di-z and 9',13'-di-z, present in the equilibrium mixture have been characterized ... | 2000 | 10725601 |
| more qtl for flowering time revealed by substitution lines in brassica oleracea | seventy-nine recombinant backcross substitution lines from a cross between brassica oleracea var. italica and brassica oleracea var. alboglabra were grown in field trials over five years along with the alboglabra recurrent parent. plants were scored for the days from sowing to the opening of the first flower, and lines that flowered significantly earlier or later than the recurrent parent were identified. based on the lengths of the substitutions, evidence for 11 qtl on chromosomes o1, o2, o3, o ... | 1999 | 10620032 |
| comparison of two sample preparation techniques for sniffing experiments with broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck). | the suitability of the headspace solid phase microextraction (hsspme) for gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) with aroma extract dilution analysis in comparison to the dynamic head space sampling on a tenax trap was tested exemplarily by the aroma volatiles of fresh broccoli. a high number of odour sensations in qualitative olfactometry was registered with both sample preparation techniques. the key aroma compounds of the fresh broccoli material are represented by high flavour dilution factor ... | 1998 | 9881367 |
| purification and characterization of cystine lyase a from broccoli inflorescence. | one of the three isoforms of an enzyme degrading l-cystine was purified to homogeneity from broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) inflorescences, with use of a sensitive assay based on derivatization of a reaction product with monobromobimane. the reaction product with a thiol group was found to be thiocysteine from results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. pyruvate was also a reaction product, formed in equimolar amounts. the purified enzyme c ... | 1997 | 27396740 |
| the construction of a substitution library of recombinant backcross lines in brassica oleracea for the precision mapping of quantitative trait loci. | the currently available methods for locating quantitative trait loci (qtls) and measuring their effects in segregating populations lack precision unless individual qtls have very high heritabilities. the use of recombinant backcross lines containing short regions of donor chromosome introgressed into a constant recipient background permits qtls to be located with greater precision. the present paper describes the use of molecular markers to introgress defined short regions of chromosome from a d ... | 1996 | 18469917 |
| microheterogeneous cytosolic high-mobility group proteins from broccoli co-purify with and are phosphorylated by casein kinase ii. | a group of low molecular weight protein substrates was found to co-purify with casein kinase ii from broccoli (brassica oleracea var italica). these substrates showed very high affinity toward casein kinase ii and were efficiently phosphorylated even in the presence of an excess of exogenous substrates. the broccoli substrates were purified from cytosolic extracts as a double band of related proteins migrating at 18.7 and 20 kd. further microheterogeneity was revealed by anion-exchange high-perf ... | 1994 | 12232253 |
| identification of a lipid transfer protein as the major protein in the surface wax of broccoli (brassica oleracea) leaves. | presence of proteins in the surface wax of plants has been noted but no protein has been identified heretofore. a 9-kda protein was purified as the major protein from the surface wax of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) leaves and the n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. a cdna corresponding to the wax-associated protein, designated wax9, was sequenced revealing an open reading frame that codes for an 11.9-kda polypeptide of 118 amino acids including a 25-amino acid leader pept ... | 1994 | 8203911 |
| plant regeneration from leaf protoplasts of brassica oleracea var. italica cv green comet broccoli. | a procedure is described for regeneration of plants from leaf protoplasts of the hybrid broccoli cultivar, green comet (brassica oleracea var italica). the totipotency of protoplasts isolated from plants regenerated from hypocotyl explants (gcr) was greater than that of protoplasts from plants grown directly from seed (gc). using medium b developed by pelletier et al (1983), division efficiencies greater than 70% were obtained in leaf protoplasts isolated from gcr. approximately 1% of these prot ... | 1986 | 24247969 |
| effect of n-benzylaminopurine on respiration & storage behavior of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica). | | 1962 | 16655685 |
| characterization of industrial broccoli discards (brassica oleracea var. italica) for their glucosinolate, polyphenol and flavonoid contents using uplc ms/ms and spectrophotometric methods. | the agrifood industry produces tons of waste and substandard products that are discarded at great expense. valorization of industrial residues curbs issues related to food security and environmental problems. broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) is associated with varied beneficial health effects, but its production yields greater than 25% rejects. we aimed to characterize and quantify industrial broccoli by-products for their glucosinolate and polyphenol contents as a first step towards in ... | 2018 | 29287343 |
| can narrow-bandwidth light from uv-a to green alter secondary plant metabolism and increase brassica plant defenses against aphids? | light of different wavelengths is essential for plant growth and development. short-wavelength radiation such as uv can shift the composition of flavonoids, glucosinolates, and other plant metabolites responsible for enhanced defense against certain herbivorous insects. the intensity of light-induced, metabolite-based resistance is plant- and insect species-specific and depends on herbivore feeding guild and specialization. the increasing use of light-emitting diodes (leds) in horticultural plan ... | 2017 | 29190278 |
| antimicrobial activity of broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) cultivar avenger against pathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and yeast. | the objective of this study was to show whether the edible part of broccoli has antibacterial and antifungal activity against micro-organism of importance in human health and vegetable spoilage, and to test if this effect was partially due to antimicrobial peptides (amps). | 2018 | 29112318 |
| structural analysis of an innate immunostimulant from broccoli, brassica oleracea var. italica. | vegetables are eaten as part of a healthy diet throughout the world, and some are also applied topically as a traditional medicine. we evaluated the innate immunostimulating activities of hot water extracts of various vegetables using the silkworm muscle contraction assay system, and found that broccoli, brassica oleracea var. italica, contains a strong innate immunostimulant. we purified the innate immunostimulant from broccoli, and characterized the chemical structure by chemical analyses and ... | 2017 | 29021502 |
| influence of interval between postharvest lettuce residue management and subsequent seeding of broccoli on cabbage maggot (diptera: anthomyiidae) infestation on broccoli. | larval stages of cabbage maggot, delia radicum (l.) (diptera: anthomyiidae), attack the roots of brassica crops and cause severe economic damage. in the salinas valley of california, brassica crops are often planted after successive lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) crops. the interval between postharvest soil incorporation of lettuce residue and the subsequent brassica crop can be as short as 7 d, which could influence d. radicum infestation on broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck). in 201 ... | 2017 | 28981649 |
| influence of a modified atmosphere on the induction and activity of respiratory enzymes in broccoli florets during the early stage of postharvest storage. | modified atmosphere packaging and controlled atmosphere storage (hypoxia conditions) extend shelf lives of horticultural products by depressing the o2 uptake rate. we investigated the relationship between atmospheres and alternative oxidase (aox) to cytochrome c oxidase (cox) activities (on the basis of oxygen isotope discrimination) and the relative amounts of two respiratory enzymes, aox and cox, during the early stage of storage. broccoli florets, with high o2 uptake rates, were stored under ... | 2017 | 28877584 |
| gene expression profile of primary prostate epithelial and stromal cells in response to sulforaphane or iberin exposure. | broccoli consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. isothiocyanates (itcs) derived from glucosinolates that accumulate in broccoli are dietary compounds that may mediate these health effects. sulforaphane (sf, 4-methylsulphinylbutyl itc) derives from heading broccoli (calabrese) and iberin (ib, 3-methylsulphinypropyl itc) from sprouting broccoli. while there are many studies regarding the biological activity of sf, mainly undertaken with cancerous cells, there are fe ... | 2009 | 19489030 |
| increasing antioxidant intake from fruits and vegetables: practical strategies for the scottish population. | increasing intakes of dietary antioxidants may help to reduce oxidative damage caused by free radicals and provide protection against the progression of a number of chronic diseases. the present study aimed to estimate the antioxidant intake from fruits and vegetables in the uk and scottish population and to examine consumption models to identify potential strategies to optimize antioxidant intake from these foods. | 2008 | 18759955 |