| powassan virus in ixodes cookei and mustelidae in new england. | powassan virus was recovered from a pool of 3 nymphal and 1 adult female ixodes cookei removed from a striped skunk (mephitis mephitis) trapped in massachusetts during 1967 and from a pool of 9 nymphal i. cookei from a long-tailed weasel (mustela frenata) captured in connecticut during 1978. virus was detected in the blood of both mammals. hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody to powassan virus was demonstrated in 16.0% of the skunks sampled in connecticut, and neutralizing antibody was dete ... | 1979 | 230364 |
| [pathogenicity of the shigella isolated from wild and game animals of the far north of the ussr]. | experiments were conducted on guinea pigs. a study was made of the pathogenicity of brucellae culture isolated from various wild and game animals of the extreme north of the ussr (wolf, polar fox, ermine, glutton). the majority of the cultures under study proved to be highly pathogenic. observations carried out led to the conclusion that brucella cultures circulating between the wild and domestic reindeers and migrating to other species of animals presented definite danger to the health of man. | 1978 | 665050 |
| ectoparasites of the irish stoat. | a sample of 196 irish stoats mustela ermineae hibernica thomas & barrett-hamilton (carnivora: mustelidae) were examined and yielded 2580 arthropod ectoparasites, including 1819 larval mites neotrombicula autumnalis (shaw) from a single host. other ectoparasites recovered included lice (99% trichodectes ermineae (hopkins], ticks (mostly ixodes hexagonus leach) and four species of fleas. the ticks and fleas were considered to have come mainly from nests of other hosts. the flea species did not ref ... | 1989 | 2519665 |
| thermoregulation of polecat and raccoon dog: a comparative study with stoat, mink and blue fox. | 1. oxygen consumption (ml x kg0.75 per min) in relation to ambient temperature (ta) in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), polecat (mustela putorius), mink (mustela vison) and stoat (mustela erminea) is described by equations y = 14.2 - 0.23x, y = 26.3 - 0.47x, y = 26.9 - 0.33x and y = 39.0 - 1.06x, respectively. resting metabolic rate (rmr) of blue fox (alopex lagopus) could be measured only at thermoneutrality. 2. in polecats, calorigenic response to noradrenaline was about 40% above t ... | 1983 | 6131765 |
| concepts of veterinary practice in wild mammals. | at the beginning of this article, we described the challenge faced by wildlife veterinarians in extrapolating treatment regimens and finding data bases of physiologic variables with which to assess health or depth of anesthesia in wild mammals. for example, we might wish to administer injectable ivermectin to a 75-kg deer and a 75-g squirrel for treatment of intestinal nematodes. an effective dose of ivermectin for the 75-kg deer is 0.2 mg/kg sc, and for the 75 g (0.075 kg) squirrel is 1.3 mg/kg ... | 1994 | 8109073 |
| ingestion of neospora caninum tissue cysts by mustela species. | dogs are a definitive host of neospora caninum, a protozoal parasite that causes abortion in cattle. mustelids were tested to determine if they could also be definitive hosts. the procedures used were the same as those previously used to test dogs. ermine (mustela erminea), weasels (mustela frenata) and ferrets (mustela putorius) were fed n. caninum-infected mice. neospora caninum oocysts were not observed. mustelid faeces were fed to mice. the mice did not seroconvert and n. caninum was not det ... | 1999 | 10608439 |
| paratuberculosis infection of nonruminant wildlife in scotland. | recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. this paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. pa ... | 2001 | 11283080 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife in new zealand. | bovine tuberculosis (tb) is the most important disease of livestock in new zealand, and it puts at risk the nation's trade in dairy, beef and venison products. elimination of the disease from livestock is based on a herd test and slaughter programme and carcass inspection at abbatoirs. however, this programme has not been as successful as expected, because the disease also occurs in wild or feral animals acting as vectors of the disease to livestock. brushtail possums are the major wildlife vect ... | 2001 | 11466031 |
| histological evidence of disease in wild stoats (mustela erminea) in england. | forty-four free-living stoats were collected from five game estates in england and examined for evidence of disease. all the macroscopic lesions were attributable to the trauma associated with being trapped or shot. there were no significant microscopic lesions in 27 (61 per cent) of the stoats. there was evidence of nematode parasitism in the intestines of six stoats (14 per cent), and in the lungs of five stoats (11 per cent), and of pulmonary granulomatous inflammation or microgranulomas in f ... | 2001 | 11765324 |
| antibody responses to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in predators, scavengers, and hares in new zealand during epidemics in sympatric rabbit populations. | to test for antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) virus (rhdv) in sera from mammals and birds associated with rabbit populations infected with rhdv. | 2004 | 15768102 |
| prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis in brushtail possums on a forest-scrub margin. | tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis was diagnosed in 36 of 68 (53%) brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) trapped in august 1992 from a population of exceptionally low density (trap catch <3%) on a forest-scrub margin in westland, new zealand. the prevalence of tuberculosis in possums, based solely on gross lesions, was at least twice that previously recorded in new zealand, and was about seven times that recorded from the same population in 1980. more male (66%) than female (33%) pos ... | 1994 | 16031762 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern new york state. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium in wildlife in the new york city (nyc) watershed in southeastern new york state. a total of 6227 fecal samples were collected and evaluated from 5892 mammals (38 species), 263 birds (14 species), 2 reptiles (2 species), 8 amphibians (4 species), and 62 fish (15 species). cryptosporidium was detected in 30 species. of the species found positive for cryptosporidium, 16 represented new records for this parasite-alo ... | 2007 | 17466459 |
| geographic and host range of the nematode soboliphyme baturini across beringia. | the nematode soboliphyme baturini petrov, 1930, was found to represent a single species with a relatively broad geographic range across beringia and northwestern north america on the basis of the assessment of molecular sequence data for adult and juvenile parasites. refuted are hypotheses suggesting that several cryptic species could be partitioned either among an array of mustelid definitive hosts or across the vast region that links north america and eurasia. host specificity for this species ... | 2007 | 18163341 |
| genetic identification of mammalian carnivore species in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, by analysis of fecal dna. | to identify mammalian carnivore species distributed in the kushiro wetland, eastern hokkaido, japan, we developed molecular-genetic methods for identification of the species from fecal samples collected from the field. species-specific primers and pcr programs were established for five native and six alien species of carnivores: martes zibellina, mustela nivalis, mustela erminea, vulpes vulpes, and nyctereutes procyonoides as native species, and neovison vison, martes melampus, mustela itatsi, c ... | 2008 | 18828658 |
| [new animal hosts of rabies virus in mountain areas in zhejiang province]. | to understand the prevalence of rabies among wild animals and the animal species in rabies epidemic areas of zhejiang province. | 2009 | 19731524 |
| the first record of molineus patens (dujardin, 1845) (nematoda, molineidae) in the ermine (mustela erminea l.) in poland. | a single specimen of the nematode molineus patens (dujardin, 1845) was isolated from the intestine of the ermine (mustela erminea l.) found dead on a road in lubuskie voivodeship (western poland) in july 2008. since this is the first record of the parasite in the ermine from poland, description, biometrical data and figures are given. | 2009 | 20209821 |
| intrageneric diversity of the cytochrome b gene and phylogeny of eurasian species of the genus mustela (mustelidae, carnivora). | to illuminate molecular phylogenetic relationships among eurasian species of the genus mustela (mustelidae, carnivora), we determined nucleotide sequences of the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region (1,140 base pairs). molecular phylogenetic trees, constructed using the neighbor-joining and the maximum likelihood methods, showed the common topology of species relationships to each other. the american mink m. vison first branched off and was positioned very remotely from the other spec ... | 2000 | 18517304 |
| histological and serological evidence of disease among invasive, non-native stoats mustela erminea. | invasive, non-native species are a major threat to global biodiversity. stoats were introduced from britain to new zealand in the 1880s and have since caused grave conservation problems. a histopathological and serological survey of disease and infection in stoats from new zealand was undertaken to identify agents that might be used or modified to control this population. of 60 stoats examined, 63% exhibited inflammation of the lung, mostly occurring as local or diffuse interstitial pneumonia, 3 ... | 2008 | 17434325 |
| stoats (mustela erminea) provide evidence of natural overland colonization of ireland. | the current irish biota has controversial origins. ireland was largely covered by ice at the last glacial maximum (lgm) and may not have had land connections to continental europe and britain thereafter. given the potential difficulty for terrestrial species to colonize ireland except by human introduction, we investigated the stoat (mustela erminea) as a possible cold-tolerant model species for natural colonization of ireland at the lgm itself. the stoat currently lives in ireland and britain a ... | 2007 | 17412682 |
| development of a new humane toxin for predator control in new zealand. | the endemic fauna of new zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and declines. introduced species including possums (trichosurus vulpecula kerr), ship rats (rattus rattus l.) and stoats (mustela erminea l.) are targeted to protect native birds. control methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons, or poisons that are linked with low welfare standards. he ... | 2010 | 21392319 |
| olfactory receptors on the maxillary palps of small ermine moth larvae: evolutionary history of benzaldehyde sensitivity. | in lepidopterous larvae the maxillary palps contain a large portion of the sensory equipment of the insect. yet, knowledge about the sensitivity of these cells is limited. in this paper a morphological, behavioral, and electrophysiological investigation of the maxillary palps of yponomeuta cagnagellus (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) is presented. in addition to thermoreceptors, co(2) receptors, and gustatory receptors, evidence is reported for the existence of two groups of receptor cells sensitive ... | 2007 | 17372741 |
| parasites of carnivorous mammals in białowieza primeval forest. | although the parasitofauna of wild carnivorous mammals in poland is quite well recognized, there has been only one research carried on this issue so far in białowieza forest--the last lowland primeval forest of temperate zone in europe. | 2006 | 17007336 |
| bioeconomic modeling in conservation pest management: effect of stoat control on extinction risk of an indigenous new zealand passerine, mohua ochrocephala. | pest control is a key activity undertaken to conserve threatened and declining species. although bioeconomic analysis has been used to contrast the relative efficiency of control strategies where pests affect economic resources, the same approaches have been adopted rarely in conservation settings. the mohua (mohoua ochrocephala) is an insectivorous passerine indigenous to beech (nothofagus spp.) forests in new zealand's south island. mohua have undergone a 75% range contraction since stoats (mu ... | 2006 | 16903109 |
| unexpected consequences of vertebrate pest control: predictions from a four-species community model. | although indirect effects are important structuring forces in ecological communities, they are seldom considered in the design of pest control operations. however, such effects may cause unpredicted and deleterious changes in other populations that could reduce or even negate the benefit to endangered species for which control is undertaken. furthermore, the complexity and nonlinearities inherent in interacting ecological communities may cause thresholds in the strength of pest control, on eithe ... | 2006 | 16827002 |
| data on the parasitological status of golden jackal (canis aureus l., 1758) in hungary. | in hungary, twenty canis aureus individuals were submitted to parasitological examinations in 2010-2012. two coccidia: cystoisospora canis (15%) and toxoplasma-type oocysts (5%), one trematoda: alaria alata (10%), six cestoda: mesocestoides lineatus (20%), echinococcus granulosus (10%), dipylidium caninums (5%), taenia hydatigena (15%), taenia pisiformis (20%), taenia crassiceps (40%), and nine nematoda: angiostrongylus vasorum (10%), crenosoma vulpis (30%), capillaria aerophila (5%), toxocara c ... | 2014 | 24334089 |
| driving forces behind the evolution of the aleutian mink disease parvovirus in the context of intensive farming. | aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) causes plasmacytosis, an immune complex-associated syndrome that affects wild and farmed mink. the virus can also infect other small mammals (e.g., ferrets, skunks, ermines, and raccoons), but the disease in these hosts has been studied less. in 2007, a mink plasmacytosis outbreak began on the island of newfoundland, and the virus has been endemic in farms since then. in this study, we evaluated the molecular epidemiology of amdv in farmed and wild animals of n ... | 2016 | 27774297 |
| aleutian mink disease virus in free-ranging mustelids in finland - a cross-sectional epidemiological and phylogenetic study. | aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) can cause severe immune-complex-mediated disease in american mink. amdv has also been detected in several other mustelid species with potential negative impact on their health and population. a molecular and cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted to obtain data on the prevalence, distribution, transmission and diversity of amdv strains in finnish free-ranging mustelids and risk factors associated with infection. the presence of anti-amdv antibodies ... | 2015 | 25667324 |
| aleutian mink disease virus in furbearing mammals in nova scotia, canada. | aleutian mink disease virus (amdv) is widespread among ranched and free-ranging american mink in canada, but there is no information on its prevalence in other wild animal species. this paper describes the prevalence of amdv of 12 furbearing species in nova scotia (ns), canada. | 2013 | 23394546 |
| a post-mortem study of respiratory disease in small mustelids in south-west england. | stoat (mustela erminea) and weasel (mustela nivalis) populations in south-west england are declining whilst polecats (mustela putorius), absent for over a century, are increasing. little is known about the health status of these species nationally. this study aimed at investigating respiratory disease in specimens found dead in south-west england. | 2016 | 27052849 |
| prevalence and intensity of nematode parasites in wisconsin ermine. | in the midwestern united states, ermine ( mustela erminea ) are economically important because they are legally harvested for pelts. information on parasites of ermine is lacking, and the effects that nematode parasites have on body condition of ermine hosts are unknown. we identified skrjabingylus nasicola and filaroides martis in ermine trapped from 2007 to 2013 from 6 counties in wisconsin. small mammals, commonly consumed by ermine, serve as paratenic hosts for both parasites. our goal was t ... | 2014 | 24918267 |
| an invasive non-native mammal population conserves genetic diversity lost from its native range. | invasive, non-native species are one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss. although they are, by definition, successful in their non-native range, their populations generally show major reductions in their genetic diversity during the demographic bottleneck they experience during colonization. by investigating the mitochondrial genetic diversity of an invasive non-native species, the stoat mustela erminea, in new zealand and comparing it to diversity in the species' native range in gr ... | 2015 | 25655531 |
| detection of neospora caninum in wild carnivorans in great britain. | samples of brain and other tissues were collected from 99 ferrets (mustela furo), 83 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 70 european polecats (mustela putorius), 65 american mink (neovison vison), 64 eurasian badgers (meles meles) and 9 stoats (mustela erminea), from around great britain. dna was extracted from approximately 1g of tissue and tested by specific nested its1 pcr for neospora caninum. the results from the pcr demonstrated that neospora specific dna was detected in all species of wild carnivo ... | 2013 | 23102760 |
| investigating the role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, primarily associated with bovine abortion. the only definitive hosts discovered to date are carnivores. this study aimed to identify the role of mammalian carnivores in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis. a sample bank of serum, fecal and brain samples was established: american mink (mustela vison), red foxes (vulpes vulpes), pine martens (martes martes), badgers (meles meles), stoats (mustela erminea), otters (lutra lutra) and feral ferrets (mustela ... | 2013 | 23068142 |
| detection and isolation of helicobacter mustelae from stoats in new zealand. | to determine the incidence of helicobacter mustelae in stoats (mustela erminea) in new zealand. | 2003 | 16032314 |
| european mustelids occupying pristine wetlands in the danube delta are infected with trichinella likely derived from domesticated swine. | abstract we analyzed 32 specimens from nine species of mustelidae for trichinella; six infections from two trichinella species were observed from three host species. this provides documentation of trichinella in mustela erminea and martes foina in romania and trichinella spiralis in a mustelid host from europe. trichinella spiralis continues to be a public challenge characterized by a wide host range and geographical distribution ( pozio 2007 ). during the past 20 yr, romania has had the most re ... | 2014 | 25121406 |
| the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) infections in feral populations of cats (felis catus), ferrets (mustela furo) and stoats (mustela erminea) in otago and southland, new zealand. | twenty-one properties in the otago region of the south island of new zealand were surveyed for the presence of gross lesions due to mycobacterium bovis infection in feral cats (felis catus), ferrets (mustela furo) and stoats (mustela erminea) during 1993 and 1994. in total, 1293 cats, ferrets, stoats and weasels (mustela nivalis) were examined for the presence of tuberculous lesions. the properties surveyed were selected according to the history and incidence of bovine tuberculosis infection in ... | 1995 | 16031875 |
| efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. | extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ... | 2004 | 15384353 |
| cranial variation in british mustelids. | nineteen measurements were made on 136 skulls belonging to seven mustelid species: meles meles (eurasian badger), mustela nivalis, (weasel), mustela erminea (stoat), mustela putorius (polecat), lutra lutra (otter), mustela furo (ferret), and mustela vison (american mink), and polecat-ferret hybrids. to investigate shape, size-related effects were eliminated by dividing all measurements by their geometric means. canonical variate analysis was used to reveal major interspecies distinctions. exclud ... | 2004 | 15052596 |
| the ability of various chemicals to elicit olfactory beta-waves in the pyriform cortex of meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus) and laboratory rats (rattus norvegicus). | previous research has shown that, in freely moving laboratory rats, the odors of benzyl alcohol, camphor, carvacrol, isopentenyl methyl sulfide, 2-propylthietane, salicylaldehyde, trimethylthiazoline, and xylene (plus other compounds) elicit high amplitude bursts of roughly 20-hz waves (beta-waves) in the olfactory bulb and pyriform cortex. since all these compounds are effective antifeedants in a variety of small herbivores, a more extensive test of the effect of the odor of a variety of antife ... | 2002 | 11750900 |
| identification multiplex assay of 19 terrestrial mammal species present in new zealand. | an identification assay has been developed that allows accurate detection of 19 of the most common terrestrial mammals present in new zealand (cow, red deer, goat, dog, horse, hedgehog, cat, tammar wallaby, mouse, weasel, ferret, stoat, sheep, rabbit, pacific rat, norway rat, ship rat, pig, and brushtail possum). this technique utilizes species-specific primers that, combined in a multiplex pcr, target small fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. each species, except hedgehog, produce ... | 2013 | 24310859 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in carnivores from the klatovy district of the czech republic. | a unique human case of alveolar echinococcosis was described in 1979 from the klatovy district of the czech republic. however, there were no previous epidemiological studies in this area focusing on detection of the source of infection--echinococcus multilocularis adults producing eggs. during the period june 1997 to april 1999, 29 out of a total of 46 (63.3%) red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the klatovy district and one of four foxes (25.0%) in the pilsen south district were found to be infected wi ... | 2001 | 11345074 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic intestinal infection caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the usually fatal disease is characterised by cachexia, and in some species diarrhoea, after a long pre-clinical phase. treatment is ineffective and economically impracticable. the infection primarily affects domestic and free-ranging ruminants, but has also been reported in primates, rabbits, stoats and foxes. since paratuberculosis is often subclinical, under-reporting ... | 2001 | 11288509 |
| [superovulation induced by the administration of pmsg to mustelids]. | in this paper, we have attempted to use the technique of superovulation in mustelids. ermine (mustela erminea) and several species of ferret (mustela eversmanni, mustela putorius, mustela putorius furo [correction of hamster (putorius eversmanni, putorius putorius, putorius putorius furo)] have been used as experimental models. we have conducted a detailed study of superovulation and early embryonic development in animals of these species treated with pmsg [correction of gpms]. we have shown tha ... | 1997 | 9411315 |
| exploiting interspecific olfactory communication to monitor predators. | olfaction is the primary sense of many mammals and subordinate predators use this sense to detect dominant species, thereby reducing the risk of an encounter and facilitating coexistence. chemical signals can act as repellents or attractants and may therefore have applications for wildlife management. we devised a field experiment to investigate whether dominant predator (ferret mustela furo) body odor would alter the behavior of three common mesopredators: stoats (mustela erminea), hedgehogs (e ... | 2017 | 27983773 |
| electrophoretic variation in large mammals. ii. the red fox, vulpes vulpes, the stoat, mustela erminea, the weasel, mustela nivalis, the pole cat, mustela putorius, the pine marten, martes martes, the beech marten, martes foina, and the badger, meles meles. | | 1982 | 7107306 |
| reciprocal fertilization between the ferret and short-tailed weasel with special reference to the development of ferret eggs fertilized by weasel sperm. | | 1973 | 4697405 |
| brief exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, induces benzodiazepine-sensitive analgesia in white-footed mice. | exposure to a natural predator, the short-tailed weasel, mustela erminea, elicited significant increases in the nociceptive responses of wild male white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus. a short (30 sec), ecologically relevant, nonvisual exposure to a weasel elicited a relatively brief (15 min) analgesia that was insensitive to the opiate antagonist, naloxone (1.0 mg/kg), and was blocked by either pre- or post-exposure injections of the benzodiazepine antagonist, ro15-1788 (10 mg/kg), or agonist ... | 1988 | 3145512 |
| helminth parasitism in martens (martes americana) and ermines (mustela erminea) from washington, with comments on the distribution of trichinella spiralis. | helminths are reported for the first time from ermines (mustela erminea) and martens (martes americana) in washington (usa). among 22 adult ermines, 41% were infected by one or more of five species (taenia mustelae, alaria mustelae, molineus patens, m. mustelae and trichinella spiralis). among 78 adult martens from three geographic localities, the prevalence was 83%. nine species were identified (mesocestoides sp., t. mustelae and t. martis americana, euryhelmis squamula, m. patens, baylisascari ... | 1990 | 2250320 |
| [importance of the wild boar in the epidemiology of wild trichinellosis in piedmont and liguria]. | muscle samples from 1,508 wild boars (sus scrofa) harvested in piedmont and liguria between 1987 and 1990 were examined for larvae of trichinella sp. by trichinelloscopy and peptic digestion. no wild boar was infected, though trichinellosis was present in foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the same areas (14 positives out of 608) with the highest prevalence in the mountain range (25.0%). infection was also not found in 40 stone martens, 5 badgers and 3 stoats. five vulpine isolates were identified as be ... | 1990 | 2132444 |
| [observations of fleas of small mammals at the gran paradiso national park (italian occidental alps)]. | the siphonaptera of small mammals (nearly 200 rodents, insectivora and mustelids) of the parco nazionale del gran paradiso (western italian alps) have been collected and studied during the years 1973-75. all the animals have been captured at altitudes ranging from 1570 to 2400 m during different seasons. twelve genera and sixteen species have been identified, namely: chaetopsylla (c.) homoea homoea from mustela erminea; hystrichopsylla (h.) talpae talpae from clethrionomys glareolus; rhadinopsyl ... | 1975 | 1233394 |
| nest predation by commensal rodents in urban bushland remnants. | exotic predators are a major threat to native wildlife in many parts of the world. developing and implementing effective strategies to mitigate their effects requires robust quantitative data so that management can be evidence-based, yet in many ecosystems this is missing. birds in particular have been severely impacted by exotic mammalian predators, and a plethora of studies on islands record predation of bird eggs, fledglings and adults by exotic species such as rodents, stoats and cats. by co ... | 2016 | 27295091 |
| volatile compounds from anal glands of the wolverine, gulo gulo. | dichloromethane extracts of wolverine (gulo gulo, mustelinae, mustelidae) anal gland secretion were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the secretion composition was complex and variable for the six samples examined: 123 compounds were detected in total, with the number per animal ranging from 45 to 71 compounds. only six compounds were common to all extracts: 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, alpha-tocopherol, cholesterol, and a compound tentatively ... | 2005 | 16132215 |
| field immobilization of american martens (martes americana) and short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea). | ketamine hydrochloride (kh) and a 5:1 combination of kh and xylazine hydrochloride (xh) were used successfully to immobilize short-tailed weasels (mustela erminea) and american martens (martes americana), respectively. four adult male martens were intramuscularly injected with 30 to 82 mg/kg kh and 8.0 to 16.4 mg/kg xh. three adult male short-tailed weasels were intramuscularly injected with 20.8 to 42.1 mg/kg kh. mean (+/- se) induction times for martens and short-tailed weasels were 1.8 +/- 0. ... | 1992 | 1474670 |
| measuring and selecting scales of effect for landscape predictors in species-habitat models. | wildlife managers often use habitat models to determine species habitat requirements and to identify locations for conservation efforts, uses which depend on accurate specification of species-habitat relationships. prior study suggests that model performance may be influenced by the way we measure environmental predictors. we hypothesized that species responses to landscape predictors are best represented by landscape composition-based measurements, rather than distance-based measurements. we al ... | 2012 | 23387125 |
| molecular phylogeny of the small ermine moth genus yponomeuta (lepidoptera, yponomeutidae) in the palaearctic. | the small ermine moth genus yponomeuta (lepidoptera, yponomeutidae) contains 76 species that are specialist feeders on hosts from celastraceae, rosaceae, salicaceae, and several other plant families. the genus is a model for studies in the evolution of phytophagous insects and their host-plant associations. here, we reconstruct the phylogeny to provide a solid framework for these studies, and to obtain insight into the history of host-plant use and the biogeography of the genus. | 2010 | 20360968 |
| field vole (microtus agrestis) seasonal spacing behavior: the effect of predation risk by mustelids. | there are numerous studies showing that predation risk may change different aspects of the behavior of prey, such as habitat use, activity pattern, and foraging. prey should exhibit the strongest antipredatory response against their most deadly predator. small mustelids are considered the most important mammalian predators of voles. nevertheless, there is no general agreement as to whether strong antipredatory reactions exist in natural free-living populations of voles. here, we studied the fiel ... | 2010 | 20352179 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a stoat. | | 2010 | 20139386 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species from ferrets and stoats. | as part of wildlife surveillance for bovine tuberculosis, pooled lymph nodes from 21,481 ferrets, 1056 stoats and 83 weasels were cultured for mycobacteria. a total of 268 isolates of mycobacterium bovis were obtained from ferrets, 2 from stoats and none from weasels, demonstrating the presence of a wildlife reservoir of infection in ferrets. dna typing by restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of 48 selected isolates of m. bovis revealed 23 rea types. twenty-one of these types had previously b ... | 2008 | 18632227 |
| evolution of multicomponent pheromone signals in small ermine moths involves a single fatty-acyl reductase gene. | fatty-acyl coa reductases (far) convert fatty acids into fatty alcohols in pro- and eukaryotic organisms. in the lepidoptera, members of the far gene family serve in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones involved in mate communication. we used a group of closely related species, the small ermine moths (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) as a model to investigate the role of fars in the biosynthesis of complex pheromone blends. homology-based molecular cloning in three yponomeuta species led to the identif ... | 2010 | 20534481 |
| optimising the application of multiple-capture traps for invasive species management using spatial simulation. | internationally, invasive vertebrate species pose a significant threat to biodiversity, agricultural production and human health. to manage these species a wide range of tools, including traps, are used. in new zealand, brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), stoats (mustela ermine), and ship rats (rattus rattus) are invasive and there is an ongoing demand for cost-effective non-toxic methods for controlling these pests. recently, traps with multiple-capture capability have been developed whi ... | 2015 | 25782018 |
| muscle oxygenation of superficial and deep regions in knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles during repeated isometric contractions. | the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle oxygenation of knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles during repeated muscle contractions under the same condition. in addition, we compared changes in muscle oxygenation between superficial and deep regions of both muscles. | 2015 | 24947809 |
| a plant factory for moth pheromone production. | moths depend on pheromone communication for mate finding and synthetic pheromones are used for monitoring or disruption of pheromone communication in pest insects. here we produce moth sex pheromone, using nicotiana benthamiana as a plant factory, by transient expression of up to four genes coding for consecutive biosynthetic steps. we specifically produce multicomponent sex pheromones for two species. the fatty alcohol fractions from the genetically modified plants are acetylated to mimic the r ... | 2014 | 24569486 |
| modifying the victor® easy set® rat trap to improve the animal welfare of stoats and ship rats trapped in new zealand. | stoats (mustela erminea) and ship rats (rattus rattus) in new zealand are targeted by trapping to mitigate their predation on native wildlife. internationally recognized guidelines for assessing the effectiveness and welfare performance of kill traps are supported by new zealand legislation under the animal welfare act 1999. the victor® easy set® rat trap was tested and passed a similar standard for killing short-tailed weasels in canada but failed for stoats when tested in new zealand in 2002 ( ... | 2014 | 24505264 |
| predicted responses of invasive mammal communities to climate-related changes in mast frequency in forest ecosystems. | predicting the dynamics and impacts of multiple invasive species can be complex because ecological relationships, which occur among several trophic levels, are often incompletely understood. further, the complexity of these trophic relationships exacerbates our inability to predict climate change effects on invaded ecosystems. we explore the hypothesis that interactions between two global change drivers, invasive vertebrates and climate change, will potentially make matters worse for native biod ... | 2013 | 23967576 |
| functional flexibility as a prelude to signal diversity?: role of a fatty acyl reductase in moth pheromone evolution. | sex pheromones are the hallmark of reproductive behavior in moths. mature females perform the task of mate signaling and release bouquets of odors that attract conspecific males at long range. the pheromone chemistry follows a relatively minimal design but still the combinatorial action of a handful of specialized pheromone production enzymes has resulted in remarkably diverse sexual signals that subtly vary in structure and in number and ratio of components. in a recent article,1 we showed that ... | 2010 | 21331247 |
| unexpected consequences of control: competitive vs. predator release in a four-species assemblage of invasive mammals. | ecology letters (2011) abstract: invasive species are frequently the target of eradication or control programmes to mitigate their impacts. however, manipulating single species in isolation can lead to unexpected consequences for other species, with outcomes such as mesopredator release demonstrated both theoretically and empirically in vertebrate assemblages with at least two trophic levels. less is known about the consequences of species removal in more complex assemblages where a greater numb ... | 2011 | 21806747 |
| habitat selection, reproduction and predation of wintering lemmings in the arctic. | snow cover has dramatic effects on the structure and functioning of arctic ecosystems in winter. in the tundra, the subnivean space is the primary habitat of wintering small mammals and may be critical for their survival and reproduction. we have investigated the effects of snow cover and habitat features on the distributions of collared lemming (dicrostonyx groenlandicus) and brown lemming (lemmus trimucronatus) winter nests, as well as on their probabilities of reproduction and predation by st ... | 2011 | 21701915 |
| Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wildlife on three deer farms with a history of Johne's disease. | To determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) infection in wildlife, in pastoral landscapes with a recent history of clinical Johne's disease in livestock. | 2011 | 22040334 |
| a key to the genus lutrilichus fain and description of a new species from the ermine, mustela erminea, in canada (acarina: sarcoptiformes). | | 2015 | 4451908 |
| evidence of the three main clonal toxoplasma gondii lineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the uk. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types i, ii, iii), of which type ii is most common in europe. very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes of t. gondii in the uk. wildlife can act as sentinel species for t. gondii genotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. dna was extracted from tissue samples of wild british carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 bad ... | 2013 | 23953298 |
| vulnerability of black grouse hens to goshawk predation: result of food supply or predation facilitation? | the plant cycle hypothesis says that poor-quality food affects both herbivorous voles (microtinae spp.) and grouse (tetraonidae spp.) in vole decline years, leading to increased foraging effort in female grouse and thus a higher risk of predation by the goshawk accipiter gentilis. poor-quality food (mainly the bilberry vaccinium myrtillus) for these herbivores is induced by seed masting failure in the previous year, when the bilberry is able to allocate resources for chemical defence (the mast d ... | 2011 | 21181416 |
| effects of predator removal on vertebrate prey populations: birds of prey and small mammals. | we studied the effects of removal of breeding nomadic avian predators (the kestrel, falco tinnunculus and tengmalm's owl, aegolius funereus) on small mammals (voles of the genera microtus and clethrionomys and the common shrew, sorex araneus) during 1989-1992 in western finland to find out if these predators have a regulating or limiting impact on their prey populations. we removed potential breeding sites of raptors from five manipulation areas (c. 3 km(2) each), whereas control areas had nest- ... | 1995 | 28306779 |
| the roles of predator maturation delay and functional response in determining the periodicity of predator-prey cycles. | population cycles in small mammals have attracted the attention of several generations of theoretical and experimental biologists and continue to generate controversy. top-down and bottom-up trophic regulations are two recent competing hypotheses. the principal purpose of this paper is to explore the relative contributions of a variety of ecological factors to predator-prey population cycles. here we suggest that for some species - collared lemmings, snowshoe hares and moose in particular - matu ... | 2009 | 19563815 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the stoat (mustela erminea) and new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri) and their significance for mammalian phylogeny. | the complete mitochondrial genome of three mustelid species, stoats (mustela erminea), weasels (mustela nivalis) and ferrets (mustela furo), and the new zealand fur seal (arctocephalus forsteri) were sequenced using direct mitochondrial dna extraction and overlapping long pcrs. the usual 37 mammalian mitochondrial genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 t-rna and 2 r-rna) were identified in all four mitogenomes. the divergence of stoats from other members of the sub-family mustelinae was dated 4.5 mi ... | 2016 | 27246241 |
| response of an arctic predator guild to collapsing lemming cycles. | alpine and arctic lemming populations appear to be highly sensitive to climate change, and when faced with warmer and shorter winters, their well-known high-amplitude population cycles may collapse. being keystone species in tundra ecosystems, changed lemming dynamics may convey significant knock-on effects on trophically linked species. here, we analyse long-term (1988-2010), community-wide monitoring data from two sites in high-arctic greenland and document how a collapse in collared lemming c ... | 2012 | 22977153 |
| cyclic dynamics in a simple vertebrate predator-prey community. | the collared lemming in the high-arctic tundra in greenland is preyed upon by four species of predators that show marked differences in the numbers of lemmings each consumes and in the dependence of their dynamics on lemming density. a predator prey model based on the field-estimated predator responses robustly predicts 4-year periodicity in lemming dynamics, in agreement with long-term empirical data. there is no indication in the field that food or space limits lemming population growth, nor i ... | 2003 | 14593179 |
| use of predator odors to protect chick-peas from predation by laboratory and wild mice. | synthetic stoat odor (3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane and 2-propylthietane) and fox fecal odor (2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline) at various concentrations were applied to chick-peas (cicer arietinum) at sowing in an investigation aimed at reducing damage caused by house mice (mus musculus). stoat odor at 10% concentration exerted a measure of protection, as did 1% fox odor against predation by laboratory mice. wild mice were less affected by synthetic predator odor and appeared to have a shorter m ... | 1993 | 24249004 |
| invasive mammals and habitat modification interact to generate unforeseen outcomes for indigenous fauna. | biotic invasions and habitat modification are two drivers of global change predicted to have detrimental impacts on the persistence of indigenous biota worldwide. few studies have investigated how they operate synergistically to alter trophic interactions among indigenous and nonindigenous species in invaded ecosystems. we experimentally manipulated a suite of interacting invasive mammals, including top predators (cat felis catus, ferret mustela furo, stoat m. erminea), herbivores (rabbit orycto ... | 2013 | 24261050 |
| butenolides in small ermine moths,yponomeuta spp. (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae), and spindle-tree,euonymus europaeus (celastraceae). | a new butenolide, isosiphonodin [3-hydroxymethyl-2(5h)-furanone], along with a trace of siphonodin [4-hydroxymethyl-2(5h)-furanone], was isolated from fifth-instar larvae of the small ermine mothyponomeuta cagnagellus. leaves of its host plant spindle-tree,euonymus europaeus, were found to contain the same two butenolides with siphonodin being present as the major compound. tlc showed that isosiphonodin was also present in larvae or pupae of six other small ermine moths which did not feed on spi ... | 1988 | 24276196 |
| microsatellite markers for american mink (mustela vison) and ermine (mustela erminea). | | 1999 | 10507871 |
| optimising camera traps for monitoring small mammals. | practical techniques are required to monitor invasive animals, which are often cryptic and occur at low density. camera traps have potential for this purpose, but may have problems detecting and identifying small species. a further challenge is how to standardise the size of each camera's field of view so capture rates are comparable between different places and times. we investigated the optimal specifications for a low-cost camera trap for small mammals. the factors tested were 1) trigger spee ... | 2013 | 23840790 |
| definitive hosts of versteria tapeworms (cestoda: taeniidae) causing fatal infection in north america. | we previously reported fatal infection of a captive bornean orangutan with metacestodes of a novel taeniid tapeworm, versteria sp. new data implicate mustelids as definitive hosts of these tapeworms in north america. at least 2 parasite genetic lineages circulate in north america, representing separate introductions from eurasia. | 2016 | 26983004 |
| using genetic techniques to quantify reinvasion, survival and in situ breeding rates during control operations. | determining the origin of individuals caught during a control/eradication programme enables conservation managers to assess the reinvasion rates of their target species and evaluate the level of success of their control methods. we examine how genetic techniques can focus management by distinguishing between hypotheses of 'reinvasion' and 'survivor', and defining kin groups for invasive stoats (mustela erminea) on secretary island, new zealand. 205 stoats caught on the island were genotyped at 1 ... | 2013 | 24033616 |
| predator-specific effects on incubation behaviour and offspring growth in great tits. | in birds, different types of predators may target adults or offspring differentially and at different times of the reproductive cycle. hence they may also differentially influence incubation behaviour and thus embryonic development and offspring phenotype. this is poorly understood, and we therefore performed a study to assess the effects of the presence of either a nest predator or a predator targeting adults and offspring after fledging on female incubation behaviour in great tits (parus major ... | 2015 | 25830223 |
| growth overshoot and seasonal size changes in the skulls of two weasel species. | ontogenetic changes in mammalian skulls are complex. for a very few species (i.e. some sorex shrews), these also include seasonally driven, bidirectional size changes within individuals, presumably to reduce energy requirements during low resource availabilities. these patterns are poorly understood, but are likely most pronounced in high-metabolic species with limited means for energy conservation. we used generalized additive models to quantify the effect of location, julian day, age and sex o ... | 2017 | 28280592 |
| inferential and forward projection modeling to evaluate options for controlling invasive mammals on islands. | successful pest-mammal eradications from remote islands have resulted in important biodiversity benefits. near-shore islands can also serve as refuges for native biota but require ongoing effort to maintain low-pest or pest-free status. three management options are available in the presence of reinvasion risk: (1) control-to-zero density, in which immigration may occur but reinvaders are removed; (2) sustained population suppression (to relatively low numbers); or (3) no action. biodiversity ben ... | 2016 | 27880019 |
| light conditions affect the performance of yponomeuta evonymellus on its native host prunus padus and the alien prunus serotina. | the bird cherry ermine moth, yponomeuta evonymellus l., is considered an obligatory monophagous insect pest that feeds only on native european prunus padus l. in recent years, however, increased larval feeding on alien p. serotina ehrh. has been observed. in both species, general defoliation is extensive for shade grown trees, whereas it is high in p. padus, but very low in p. serotina, when trees are grown in full light conditions. the aim of the present study was to identify how the plant host ... | 2017 | 27628311 |
| increased olfactory search costs change foraging behaviour in an alien mustelid: a precursor to prey switching? | if generalist predators are to hunt efficiently, they must track the changing costs and benefits of multiple prey types. decisions to switch from hunting preferred prey to alternate prey have been assumed to be driven by decreasing availability of preferred prey, with less regard for accessibility of alternate prey. olfactory cues from prey provide information about prey availability and its location, and are exploited by many predators to reduce search costs. we show that stoats mustela erminea ... | 2016 | 27230396 |
| [chromosomal localization and evolutionary age of satellite dnas of mustelidae]. | dna reassociation kinetics were studied in the european mink (mustela lutreola), the american mink (m. vison), the marbled polecat (vormela peregusna). variation in dna quantity and heterochromatin amount occurs in connection with changes in the size of all kinetic fractions. moderately repetitive genome component is the most variable in these three species. cryptic cscl satellite of the stoat (m. erminea), ag+/cs2so4 satellites of the m. vison, v. peregusna were used for in situ homo- and heter ... | 1988 | 3250906 |
| the ermine phenotype: pigmentary-hearing loss heterogeneity. | the term ermine phenotype has been chosen to describe patients with white hair with black tufts. the patients also have sensorineural hearing loss. this rare phenotype may come about either by failure of migration of melanocytes or by an autoimmune mechanism. examples of each are cited. the authors describe a possible third type. comparison with other pigment loss-sensorineural hearing loss syndromes is made. | 1988 | 3055988 |
| understanding attitudes toward the control of nonnative wild and feral mammals: similarities and differences in the opinions of the general public, animal protectionists, and conservationists in new zealand (aotearoa). | lethal control is used extensively in new zealand to control nonnative nonhuman mammals. respondents were surveyed about 8 mammal groups considered pests and their attitudes toward their control and pest status. they also identified the most appropriate method of control for the 8 different mammals. information was gathered from 3 groups of respondents: nonhuman animal protectionists, conservationists, and the general public. conservationists routinely rated all animal groups as more severe pest ... | 2014 | 23927074 |
| the nature of lemming cycles on wrangel: an island without small mustelids. | lemming cycles are a key process in the functioning of tundra ecosystems. although it is agreed that trophic interactions are important in causing the cycles, the actual mechanism is disputed. some researchers attribute a major role to predation by small mustelids such as stoats and least weasels. here we present a 40-year time series of lemming dynamics from wrangel island and show statistically that lemmings do exhibit population cycles in the absence of small mustelids. the observed density f ... | 2012 | 22526937 |
| coumarins inprunus mahaleb and its herbivore, the small ermine mothyponomeuta mahalebellus. | larvae of the small ermine mothyponomeuta mahalebellus were reared on foliage ofprunus mahaleb, a plant known to contain coumarins. thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography showed that coumarin, umbelliferone, and herniarin were present in leaves ofp. mahaleb and in pupae and adults ofy. mahalebellus. overall concentrations of simple coumarins in the plant and insect were, respectively, 0.54% and 0.003-0.004% (dry weight). the possible role of coumarins in the chemical defense of both th ... | 1987 | 24301473 |
| [adaptive intraspecific divergence: an example using the animal cytochrome b gene]. | the topologies of phylogenetic trees characterized by a high level of intraspecific divergence between the phylogenetic dna groups (clades) are often explained in terms of the theory of pleistocene refugia. to elucidate the issue of the adaptive role of intraspecific divergence, the changes in the physicochemical properties of amino acids in the course ofcladogenesis (mm01 model of the treesaap 3.2 package) were analyzed in this work using as an example the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome ... | 2011 | 21954619 |
| concentrations of anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats mustela erminea and weasels mustela nivalis from denmark. | anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used to control rodent populations but they also pose a risk of secondary poisoning in non-target predators. studies on anticoagulant rodenticide exposure of non-target species have mainly reported on frequency of occurrence. they have rarely analyzed variations in residue concentrations. we examine the occurrence and concentrations of five anticoagulant rodenticides in liver tissue from 61 stoats (mustela erminea) and 69 weasels (mustela nivalis) from denma ... | 2011 | 21477845 |
| anal gland secretions of the stoat (mustela erminea) and the ferret (mustela putorius formafuro) : some additional thietane components. | two new thietanes,cis- andtrans-2-ethyl-3-methylthietane, have been identified in the anal gland secretion of the stoat, and 2-isopropyl thietane has been characterized from the anal gland secretion of the ferret. conflicting published data are reevaluated. | 1985 | 24310328 |
| phenotypic and microscopic description of a new case of ermine phenotype. | we describe a new case of ermine phenotype. the patient had the striking pattern of skin and hair involvement that characterize the condition, global developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, and bilateral hearing loss. results of extensive workup for several other neurologic, metabolic, mitochondrial, genetic and chromosomal conditions were normal. microscopic examination demonstrated normal numbers of melanocytes and variable amounts of pigment depending on the degree of pigmentat ... | 2009 | 19449401 |
| understanding contributions of cohort effects to growth rates of fluctuating populations. | 1. understanding contributions of cohort effects to variation in population growth of fluctuating populations is of great interest in evolutionary biology and may be critical in contributing towards wildlife and conservation management. cohort-specific contributions to population growth can be evaluated using age-specific matrix models and associated elasticity analyses. 2. we developed age-specific matrix models for naturally fluctuating populations of stoats mustela erminea in new zealand beec ... | 2007 | 17714273 |
| the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the stoat (mustela erminea l.). | the distribution and movements of two stoat populations were studied by capture-recapture and tracking in the swiss jura mountains. on the brévine area in summer 1977 the population was at a high density phase and evenly distributed. a well established intrasexual territorial system was observed, with a high degree of sedentarity in adults. during the decline and the following phase of scarcity, the stoats were progressively restricted to a peat-bog area and the territorial system broke down. th ... | 1983 | 25024150 |