| characterization of a ferritin isolated from the midgut epithelial cells of a homopteran insect, philaenus spumarius l. | crystalline accumulations of ferritin-like particles are present within the cytoplasma and the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells of the homopteran philaenus spumarius. a structural study at the electron microscope level reveals that these particles have the morphological characteristics of the ferritin molecule: crystals have a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice parameter of 14 +/- 1 nm; negatively stained isolated particles have the appearance of ferritin; on rotary-shadowed particle ... | 1988 | 2852042 |
| gall insects can avoid and alter indirect plant defenses. | parasitic species can dramatically alter host traits. some of these parasite-induced changes can be considered adaptive manipulations that benefit the parasites. gall-inducing insects are parasites well known for their ability to alter host-plant morphology and physiology, including the distribution of plant defensive compounds. here it was investigated whether gall-inducing species alter indirect plant defenses, involving the release of volatile compounds that are attractive to foraging natural ... | 2008 | 18331430 |
| seasonal abundance of draeculacephala minerva and other xylella fastidiosa vectors in california almond orchards and vineyards. | almond leaf scorch (als) disease is caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa and transmitted by xylem-feeding insects. reports of increased incidence of als-diseased trees in california prompted surveys in three almond [prunus dulcis (mill.) d. a. webb]-growing regions, from june 2003 to september 2005, to determine insect vector species composition and abundance. for comparison, sampling in and near vineyards in the san joaquin valley, california, also was completed. sampling in or near almon ... | 2011 | 21510181 |
| relations of wolbachia infection with phylogeography of philaenus spumarius (hemiptera: aphrophoridae) populations within and beyond the carpathian contact zone. | wolbachia is the most widespread intracellular α-proteobacteria maternally inherited endosymbiont of insects and nematodes. these bacteria are associated with a number of different reproductive phenotypes of their hosts. relatively few studies have dealt with distribution of infections across populations and with the influence of these bacteria on host genetic diversification and speciation. the aims of this study are to determine the distribution and rate of infection and to characterize the wo ... | 2015 | 25681033 |
| swapping symbionts in spittlebugs: evolutionary replacement of a reduced genome symbiont. | bacterial symbionts that undergo long-term maternal transmission experience elevated fixation of deleterious mutations, resulting in massive loss of genes and changes in gene sequences that appear to limit efficiency of gene products. potentially, this dwindling of symbiont functionality impacts hosts that depend on these bacteria for nutrition. one evolutionary escape route is the acquisition of a novel symbiont with a robust genome and metabolic capabilities. such an acquisition has occurred i ... | 2014 | 24401857 |
| spittlebugs as vectors of xylella fastidiosa in olive orchards in italy. | the recent introduction of xylella fastidiosa in europe and its involvement in the olive quick decline syndrome (oqds) in apulia (salento, lecce district, south italy) led us to investigate the biology and transmission ability of the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius, which was recently demonstrated to transmit x. fastidiosa to periwinkle plants. four xylem-sap-feeding insect species were found within and bordering olive orchards across salento during a survey carried out from october 2013 ... | 2017 | 28275326 |
| fine structure of antennal sensilla of the spittlebug philaenus spumarius l. (insecta: hemiptera: aphrophoridae). i. chemoreceptors and thermo-/hygroreceptors. | the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera: cercopoidea: aphrophoridae), is a polyphagous species that transmits xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium associated with "olive quick decline syndrome" in southern italy. in this study, the morphology and the ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla of p. spumarius were investigated. the antennae consist of three segments: a basal scape, a pedicel and a flagellum composed of a basal enlargement (ampulla) and a long segment (filament). the pe ... | 2016 | 27664780 |
| seasonal fluctuations of sap-feeding insect species infected by xylella fastidiosa in apulian olive groves of southern italy. | a study on seasonal abundance of auchenorrhyncha species and their infectivity by xylella fastidiosa in the apulia region of italy was conducted to identify ideal periods for monitoring and adoption of potential control measures against insect vectors. adult populations of auchenorrhyncha species were monitored monthly over a 2-yr period from five olive groves. a total of 15 species were captured, identified, and tested for presence of x. fastidiosa by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). for three ... | 2016 | 27401111 |
| transmission of xylella fastidiosa to grapevine by the meadow spittlebug. | there is little information available on xylella fastidiosa transmission by spittlebugs (hemiptera, cercopoidea). this group of insect vectors may be of epidemiological relevance in certain diseases, so it is important to better understand the basic parameters of x. fastidiosa transmission by spittlebugs. we used grapevines as a host plant and the aphrophorid philaenus spumarius as a vector to estimate the effect of plant access time on x. fastidiosa transmission to plants; in addition, bacteria ... | 2016 | 27392174 |
| infectivity and transmission of xylellua fastidiosa by philaenus spumarius (hemiptera: aphrophoridae) in apulia, italy. | discovery of xylella fastidiosa from olive trees with "olive quick decline syndrome" in october 2013 on the west coast of the salento peninsula prompted an immediate search for insect vectors of the bacterium. the dominant xylem-fluid feeding hemipteran collected in olive orchards during a 3-mo survey was the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera: aphrophoridae). adult p. spumarius, collected in november 2013 from ground vegetation in x. fastidiosa-infected olive orchards, were ... | 2014 | 25195417 |
| continuous measurement of macronutrient ions in the transpiration stream of intact plants using the meadow spittlebug coupled with ion chromatography. | a method is described for continuous, nondestructive analysis of xylem-borne mineral nutrients in intact transpiring plants. the method uses the xylem-feeding insect the meadow spittlebug (philaenus spumarius l. [homoptera: cercopidae]). this insect will feed from a wide range of plant species and organs. insect excreta can be collected at all times of the day and night, and its mineral ion content can be analyzed rapidly, and without purification, by ion chromatography. the excreta will have a ... | 2002 | 12428008 |
| nickel hyperaccumulation as an elemental defense of streptanthus polygaloides (brassicaceae): influence of herbivore feeding mode. | no study of a single nickel (ni) hyperaccumulator species has investigated the impact of hyperaccumulation on herbivores representing a variety of feeding modes. streptanthus polygaloides plants were grown on high- or low-ni soils and a series of no-choice and choice feeding experiments was conducted using eight arthropod herbivores. herbivores used were two leaf-chewing folivores (the grasshopper melanoplus femurrubrum and the lepidopteran evergestis rimosalis), a dipteran rhizovore (the cabbag ... | 2005 | 16219073 |
| the presence of n-acetylneuraminic acid in malpighian tubules of larvae of the cicada philaenus spumarius. | sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates are generally considered to be unique to the deuterostomes, a lineage of the animal kingdom which includes animals from the echinoderms up to the vertebrates. there are, however, two isolated reports of sialic acid occurring in the insect species drosophila melanogaster and galleria mellonella. since insects are classified as protostomes, these findings call previous assumption on the phylogenetic distribution and thus on the evolution of sialic acids into ... | 1999 | 11003558 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of geisha distinctissima (hemiptera: flatidae) and comparison with other hemipteran insects. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of geisha distinctissima (hemiptera: flatidae) has been determined in this study. the genome is a circular molecule of 15,971 bp with a total a+t content of 75.1%. the gene content, order, and structure are consistent with the drosophila yakuba genome structure and the hypothesized ancestral arthropod genome arrangement. all 13 protein-coding genes are observed to have a putative, inframe atr methionine or att isoleucine c ... | 2009 | 19280059 |
| insect mitochondrial genomics: the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha: cercopoidae). | we present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (auchenorrhyncha: cercopoidae). this contribution represents the second mitochondrial genome from the hemiptera and the second of the three hemipteran suborders sampled. the genome is a circular molecule of 16 324 bp with a total a+t content of 77.0% and 76.7% for coding regions only. the gene content, order, and structure are consistent with the drosophila yakuba genome structure (clary and wolste ... | 2005 | 15729396 |
| top-down effects of insect herbivores during early succession: influence on biomass and plant dominance. | we tested the hypothesis that phytophagous insects would have a strong top-down effect on early successional plant communities and would thus alter the course of succession. to test this hypothesis, we suppressed above-ground insects at regular intervals with a broad-spectrum insecticide through the first 3 years of old-field succession at three widely scattered locations in central new york state. insect herbivory substantially reduced total plant biomass to a similar degree at all three sites ... | 1999 | 28308566 |
| effects of leaf and sap feeding insects on photosynthetic rates of goldenrod. | herbivory can alter the balance between sources and sinks within a plant, and changes in the source-sink ratio often lead to changes in plant photosynthetic rates. we investigated how feeding by three insect herbivores affected photosynthetic rates and growth of goldenrod (solidago altissima). one, a phloem-sap feeding aphid (uroleucon caligatum), creates an additional sink, and the other two, a leaf-chewing beetle (trirhabda sp.) and a xylem-sap feeding spittlebug (philaenus spumarius) both red ... | 1992 | 28313218 |
| silicon deposition in the root reduces sodium uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings by reducing bypass flow. | sodium chloride reduces the growth of rice seedlings, which accumulate excessive concentrations of sodium and chloride ions in their leaves. in this paper, we describe how silicon decreases transpirational bypass flow and ion concentrations in the xylem sap in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings growing under nacl stress. salt (50 mm nacl) reduced the growth of shoots and roots: adding silicate (3 mm) to the saline culture solution improved the growth of the shoots, but not roots. the improvement o ... | 2006 | 16930322 |
| jumping without slipping: leafhoppers (hemiptera: cicadellidae) possess special tarsal structures for jumping from smooth surfaces. | many hemipteran bugs can jump explosively from plant substrates, which can be very smooth. we therefore analysed the jumping performance of froghoppers (philaenus spumarius, aphrophoridae) and leafhoppers (aphrodes bicinctus/makarovi, cicadellidae) taking off from smooth (glass) and rough (sandpaper, 30 µm asperity size) surfaces. on glass, the propulsive hind legs of philaenus froghoppers slipped, resulting in uncontrolled jumps with a fast forward spin, a steeper angle and only a quarter of th ... | 2017 | 28468924 |
| aquaporin-related proteins in the filter chamber of homopteran insects. | in the homopteran order of insects, the plant xylem feeders exhibit a highly differentiated part of their digestive tract known as the filter chamber. in this tissue, water crosses plasma membranes through a transepithelial osmotic gradient. in previous studies on the filter chamber of cicadella viridis, we purified and characterized from the plasma membranes a 25 kda protein that we demonstrated to be an aquaporin (or water channel, member of the major intrinsic protein family, a group of membr ... | 1997 | 9377634 |
| structural and biochemical observations on specialized membranes of the "filter chamber", a water-shunting complex in sap-sucking homopteran insects. | many homopteran insects feed on plant sap which contains solutes in very low concentration. their digestive tract presents a complex called the "filter chamber" where the excess dietary water is believed to flow directly from the initial part of the midgut to the terminal part of the midgut and the proximal regions of the malpighian tubules. freeze-fracture experiments carried out on the filter chamber of cicadella viridis revealed the presence of intramembrane particles on the whole surface of ... | 1989 | 2804456 |
| good mothers, bad mothers, and the nature of resistance to herbivory in solidago altissima. | evidence of poor correspondence between an insect herbivore's oviposition preferences and the performance of its offspring has generally been attributed either to maladaptive behavior of the insect mother or inadequate measurement by the researcher. in contrast, we hypothesize that many cases of "bad mothers" in herbivores may be a byproduct of the hierarchical way natural selection works on resistance in host plants. epistatic selection on the components of resistance (i.e., antixenosis and ant ... | 2008 | 17994301 |
| goldenrod stem galler preference and performance: effects of multiple herbivores and plant genotypes. | few studies have examined how the preference-performance relationship of an herbivore for different genotypes of its host plant is affected by the presence and/or feeding activity of other members of the herbivore assemblage. in an outdoor garden, we manipulated the abundance of three common herbivores, the meadow spittlebug, a leaf beetle, and an aphid, on replicate 1-m2 plots of 16 different genotypes of tall goldenrod, solidago altissima. adults of the goldenrod stem galler, eurosta solidagin ... | 2001 | 28547173 |
| host-plant genotype and other herbivores influence goldenrod stem galler preference and performance. | ecologists have labored to find an explanation for the lack of a positive correlation between host preference and offspring performance in herbivorous insects. this study focuses on how one herbivore species can influence another herbivore species' ability to accurately assess the suitability of different host-plant genotypes for larval development. in particular, we examined the role that an early season xylem-feeding homopteran (meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius) has on the preference-per ... | 1999 | 28308329 |
| aphid distribution and the evolution of goldenrod resistance. | although there is considerable evidence indicating that herbivory is detrimental to plant fitness, some recent studies of the evolution of plant resistance have concluded that insects do not impose selection on their host plants. a previously untested assumption that underlies most studies of the evolution of plant resistance is that insect distribution patterns are controlled directly by the effects of plant genotype on insect preference and performance. the experiments described here explicitl ... | 1992 | 28568992 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of spittlebug paphnutius ruficeps (insecta: hemiptera: cercopidae) with a fairly short putative control region. | the mitochondrial genome of the spittlebug paphnutius ruficeps is a double-strand dna circular molecule of 14,841 bp with a total a and t content of 73.8%. it is one of the shortest genomes among published hemipteran mitogenomes and encodes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosome rna genes and 22 transfer rna (trna) genes. the gene order is consistent with the hypothesized ancestral arthropod genome arrangement. most of the protein-coding genes use atg as start and taa as stop codon. the codons show ... | 2013 | 23532251 |
| antennal olfactory responses of adult meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius, to volatile organic compounds (vocs). | the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius l. (hemiptera, aphrophoridae) is a commonly found vector of xylella fastidiosa wells et al. (1987) strain subspecies pauca associated with the "olive quick decline syndrome" in italy. to contribute to the knowledge of the adult p. spumarius chemoreceptivity, electroantennographic (eag) responses of both sexes to 50 volatile organic compounds (vocs) including aliphatic aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones, terpenoids, and aromatics were recorded. mea ... | 2017 | 29287108 |
| segregation of the amphitelically attached univalent x chromosome in the spittlebug philaenus spumarius. | in meiosis i, homologous chromosomes combine to form bivalents, which align on the metaphase plate. homologous chromosomes then separate in anaphase i. univalent sex chromosomes, on the other hand, are unable to segregate in the same way as homologous chromosomes of bivalents due to their lack of a homologous pairing partner in meiosis i. here, we studied univalent segregation in a hemipteran insect: the spittlebug philaenus spumarius. we determined the chromosome number and sex determination me ... | 2017 | 28478487 |
| assessing genotype-phenotype associations in three dorsal colour morphs in the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera: aphrophoridae) using genomic and transcriptomic resources. | colour polymorphisms are common among animal species. when combined with genetic and ecological data, these polymorphisms can be excellent systems in which to understand adaptation and the molecular changes underlying phenotypic evolution. the meadow spittlebug, philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera, aphrophoridae), a widespread insect species in the holarctic region, exhibits a striking dorsal colour/pattern balanced polymorphism. although experimental crosses have revealed the mendelian inherita ... | 2016 | 27846816 |
| the secondary contact zone of phylogenetic lineages of the philaenus spumarius (hemiptera: aphrophoridae): an example of incomplete allopatric speciation. | previous studies on the phylogeography of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera: aphrophoridae) suggest the existence of a contact zone of its main phylogenetic lineages along mountain chains in europe and western asia. this study presents a detailed examination of the population genetics of p. spumarius within the carpathian mountains. the main objective was to determine whether the populations inhabiting that area consist of individuals belonging to different genetic units ... | 2014 | 25500280 |
| the secondary contact zone of phylogenetic lineages of the philaenus spumarius (hemiptera: aphrophoridae: cercopidae): an example of incomplete allopatric speciation. | previous studies on the phylogeography of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (l.) (hemiptera: aphrophoridae: cercopidae) suggest the existence of a contact zone of its main phylogenetic lineages along mountain chains in europe and western asia. this study presents a detailed examination of the population genetics of p. spumarius within the carpathian mountains. the main objective was to determine whether the populations inhabiting that area consist of individuals belonging to different ge ... | 2014 | 25368093 |
| new mitochondrial and nuclear evidences support recent demographic expansion and an atypical phylogeographic pattern in the spittlebug philaenus spumarius (hemiptera, aphrophoridae). | philaenus spumarius is a widespread insect species in the holarctic region. here, by focusing on the mtdna gene coi but also using the coii and cyt b genes and the nuclear gene ef-1α, we tried to explain how and when its current biogeographic pattern evolved by providing time estimates of the main demographic and evolutionary events and investigating its colonization patterns in and out of eurasia. evidence of recent divergence and expansion events at less than 0.5 ma ago indicate that climate f ... | 2014 | 24892429 |
| molecular phylogeny and dna barcoding in the meadow-spittlebug philaenus spumarius (hemiptera, cercopidae) and its related species. | philaenus spumarius, widely studied for its colour/pattern polymorphism, is a widespread species across the holartic. the patterns of haplotype divergence at the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase i (coi) found in this study suggest a postglacial western europe (iberian and italian peninsulas to britain) and a eastern (from near east to finland) south-to-north colonization. the haplotypes found in north america are most likely derived from the british haplotypes. the barcode fragment used her ... | 2010 | 20307671 |
| genetic variation and constraints on the evolution of defense against spittlebug (philaenus spumarius) herbivory in mimulus guttatus. | plants mediate carbon into most ecosystems and are thus under persistent attack by diverse enemies. the evolution of defense against such assaults will depend on the availability of genetic variation, as well as the costs and constraints on defense. we estimated the magnitude of genetic variation for defense against spittlebug (philaenus spumarius) herbivory in mimulus guttatus using a diallel cross-grown in a greenhouse. except for flowering time, additive genetic variation for the plant traits ... | 2009 | 19092760 |
| post-embryonic photoreceptor development and dark/light adaptation in the spittle bug philaenus spumarius (l.) (homoptera, cercopidae). | the aims of this paper have been to describe (1) the general structure of the compound eye of the spittle bug philaenus spumarius, (2) the eye's post-embryonic development, (3) photomechanical changes upon dark/light adaptation in the eye, and (4) how leaving the semi-aquatic foam bubble and turning into an adult affects the organization of the eye. spittle bugs, irrespective of size or sex, possess apposition type compound eyes. the eye's major components (i.e. facet, cornea, cone and rhabdom) ... | 2004 | 18089047 |
| lotus tenuis tolerates the interactive effects of salinity and waterlogging by 'excluding' na+ and cl- from the xylem. | salinity and waterlogging interact to reduce growth of poorly adapted species by, amongst other processes, increasing the rate of na(+) and cl(-) transport to shoots. xylem concentrations of these ions were measured in sap collected using xylem-feeding spittlebugs (philaenus spumarius) from lotus tenuis and lotus corniculatus in saline (nacl) and anoxic (stagnant) treatments. in aerated nacl solution (200 mm), l. corniculatus had 50% higher cl(-) concentrations in the xylem and shoot compared wi ... | 2007 | 17510213 |
| effects of herbivory and inbreeding on the pollinators and mating system of mimulus guttatus (phrymaceae). | most models of mating system evolution predict mixed mating to be unstable, although it is commonly reported from nature. ecological interactions with mutualistic pollinators can help account for this discrepancy, but antagonists such as herbivores are also likely to play a role. in addition, inbreeding can alter ecological interactions and directly affect selfing rates, which may also contribute to maintaining mating system variation. we explored herbivore and inbreeding effects on pollinator b ... | 2005 | 21646081 |
| possible mechanisms for early and intermediate stages of sperm chromatin condensation patterning involving phase separation dynamics. | during spermiogenesis in some internally fertilizing molluscs and insects, the post-meiotic spermatid nucleus develops via a sequence of complex patterns of the nuclear contents (chromatin and nucleoplasm) on the way to final chromatin condensation. we have examined the tem data on these sequences for three species: philaenus spumarius(a homopteran insect), murex brandaris (a gastropod mollusc), and eledone cirrhosa(a cephalopod mollusc). for each of these, spatially quantitative study reveals a ... | 2005 | 15612004 |
| a new approach to the auchenorrhyncha (hemiptera, insecta) cytogenetics: chromosomes of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (l.) examined using various chromosome banding techniques. | the karyotype of the meadow spittlebug philaenus spumarius (l.) was studied using conventional chromosome staining, c- and agnor- banding, and fluorescent cma3- and dapi- techniques. this is the first report on differential staining of the holocentric chromosomes of auchenorrhyncha. the karyotype of ph. spumarius includes 2n = 22 + xx/x0. the autosomal pair 1 is large and carries a gap in every homologue. after silver staining, nors were revealed in both this chromosome pair and a middle-sized p ... | 2003 | 14686645 |
| inbreeding alters resistance to insect herbivory and host plant quality in mimulus guttatus (scrophulariaceae). | previous studies have demonstrated genetic variation for resistance to insect herbivores and host plant quality. the effect of plant mating system, an important determinant of the distribution of genetic variation, on host plant characteristics has received almost no attention. this study used a controlled greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of self- and cross-pollination in mimulus guttatus (scrophulariaceae) on resistance to and host plant quality for the xylem-feeding spittlebug phila ... | 2002 | 11913665 |
| direct measurement of sodium and potassium in the transpiration stream of salt-excluding and non-excluding varieties of wheat. | the xylem-feeding insect philaenus spumarius was used to analyse sodium and potassium fluxes in the xylem of intact, transpiring wheat plants. two cultivars were compared: the salt-excluding (chinese spring) and the non-excluding (langdon). chinese spring accumulated much less sodium in its leaves than the salt-sensitive langdon. after 7 d in 150 mol m(-3) nacl, the sodium concentration in the leaf sap of langdon reached over 600 mol m(-3). this was some three-fold greater than that in chinese s ... | 2001 | 11520876 |
| xylem feeding by spittlebug nymphs: some observations by optical and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. | the feeding of spittlebug nymphs (philaenus spumarius) from mature xylem vessels was studied by optical and cryo-analytical scanning electron microscopy. feeding did not produce xylem embolisms and vessels remained liquid-filled during the day. saliva secreted by the insect forms a hardened lining (salivary sheath) between the stylet bundle and the plant tissues. this sheath is continuous through the hole made by the stylets as they enter a vessel, and it extends into the vessel and along its pe ... | 1998 | 21684926 |
| intrapopulation gender variation in common ragweed (asteraceae: ambrosia artemisiifolia l.), a monoecious, annual herb. | we measured variation in gender among individuals within populations of ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia) in an abandoned old-field and in the greenhouse. there was great variability in sex expression, from all-female to approximately 78% male. plants differed significantly in gender in different locations within the field. plants in an area abandoned from agriculture one year previously were more male than plants in a nearby area abandoned four years previously. in the greenhouse, soil moisture ... | 1986 | 28311287 |
| the genetic composition of philaenus spumarius populations in island habitats variably affected by voles. | | 1975 | 28563099 |
| clines in the colour polymorphism of philaenus spumarius in eastern central europe. | populations of philaemus spumarius (homoptera) have been investigated in the baltic states of the ussr, in czechoslovakia and in hungary. colour morph frequencies in these highly polymorphic populations are compared with those reported earlier from northern italy. gradual changes in allele frequencies (clines) transect the study area, which lies in the most central part of the range of philaenus in europe. from north to south the allele pm increases, but po decreases, in frequency. in their dist ... | 1975 | 1061708 |
| radial and peripheral clines in northern polymorphic populations of philaenus spumarius. | | 1974 | 4448701 |
| [intranuclear annulate lamellae in the male germinal tissue of the insect, philaenus spumarius (homoptera)]. | | 1968 | 4884644 |