| fungi causing thread mould spoilage of vacuum packaged cheddar cheese during maturation. | thread mould is a defect which occurs sporadically in maturing vacuum packaged cheddar cheese, caused by the growth of fungi in folds and wrinkles of the plastic film in which the cheese is packaged. fungi were isolated and identified from 110 cheddar cheese blocks exhibiting typical thread mould defects. the major causative species were found to be cladosporium cladosporioides, penicillium commune, c. herbarum, p. glabrum and a phoma species. yeasts were also frequently isolated from the cheese ... | 1992 | 1445755 |
| [detection of cyclopiazonic acid and its producers in food]. | in the course of six months, 60 samples of foods were examined for their contents of cyclopiazonic acid. these samples were subjected to a basal mycological screening aimed at aspergillus flavus and penicillium sp. strains. cyclopiazonic acid contents in samples of hermelín cheese, peanuts, rice, peeled barley grains, folican salami, and packaged meat did not exceed the value of 0.5 mg.kg-1. when using a modification of the method of cyclopiazonic acid isolation described by dorner et al. (1983) ... | 1989 | 2508296 |
| micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of fungal metabolites. resolution optimized by experimental design. | fungal metabolites were extracted from two isolates of penicillium commune and two isolates of aspergillus versicolor grown on yeast extract agar (yes) and czapek yeast extract agar (cya). optimized conditions for analysing the extracts by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce) were obtained by experimental designs. the following nine factors were examined by a two-level fractional factorial design: concentration of the buffer ion po4(3-) and b4o7(2-), ionic strength of buffer, buffer ... | 1996 | 8611943 |
| direct identification of the common cheese contaminant penicillium commune in factory air samples as an aid to factory hygiene. | creatine sucrose dichloran agar (cread) was used as a selective medium for penicillium commune and related species found in air samples in a cheese factory. using growth and simple colony characters on cread together with detection of indole metabolites with a filter paper method, it was possible to identify all 22 p. commune isolates from a total of 43 penicillium isolates. penicillium commune numbers on cread were compared with those found on a general isolation medium, dichloran 18% glycerol ... | 1996 | 8672271 |
| volatile metabolites produced by two fungal species cultivated on building materials. | two fungal species commonly found in indoor environments, penicillium commune and paecilomyces variotü, were cultivated on pine wood and on a combination of gypsum board and mineral wool. air from the cultures was adsorbed on tenax ta and analysed using thermal desorption-cold trap injection gas chromatography. identification of the produced volatile metabolites was performed by mass spectrometry. the majority of the compounds produced were alcohols, ketones, ethers and terpenoid compounds. comm ... | 1996 | 8806212 |
| composition and toxigenic potential of the mould population on dry-cured iberian ham. | the fungal population on dry-cured iberian ham can be essential to the development of the product's unique characteristics, but health hazards due to mycotoxins may be significant. we examined the natural fungal population of iberian hams during ripening at three different locations. chloroform extracts from 59 selected isolates were tested for toxicity to brine shrimp larvae and vero cells, for mutagenicity in the ames test and for antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus. the diver ... | 1996 | 8880338 |
| associated mycoflora of rye bread. | penicillium roqueforti (27%), p. corylophilum (20%) and eurotium species (15%) made up the important mycoflora associated with rye bread on 3425 identified fungi isolates. these fungi were dominant as spoilers of packaged rye bread in almost every month of a 4 year investigation. penicillium decumbens (3%), paecilomyces variotti (8%) and aspergillus flavus (5%) were found more rarely, but were the major species found over periods of a few months. penicillium commune (5%), p. solitum (4%), a. nig ... | 1996 | 8987693 |
| development of a semisynthetic cheese medium for fungi using chemometric methods. | the growth, color formation, and mycotoxin production of six cheese-related fungi were studied on nine types of natural cheeses and 24 semisynthetic cheese media and compared using principal component analysis. the semisynthetic cheese media contained various amounts of ca, k, mg, na, p, fe, cu, zn, lactate, lactose, and casein. a robust well-defined and easily prepared semisynthetic cheese medium was developed for penicillium commune, the most frequently occurring contaminant on semihard cheese ... | 1997 | 9241586 |
| identification of cheese-associated fungi using selected ion monitoring of volatile terpenes. | the cheese-associated fungi penicillium commune, p. roqueforti, p.solitum, p. discolor and aspergillus versicolor have been investigated for production of volatile terpenes for chemical identification, when grown on yeast extract agar. volatiles were collected by headspace solid-phase microextraction. selected ion monitoring of four to seven of the most characteristic ions of mainly sesquiterpenes made it possible to identify the fungi to species level within 2 d. in a mixed culture of p. roquef ... | 1997 | 9296587 |
| inhibition of fungal growth on bread by volatile components from spices and herbs, and the possible application in active packaging, with special emphasis on mustard essential oil. | the effect of modified atmosphere packaging (map) on the most important spoilage fungi of bread was investigated. penicillium commune, p. roqueforti, aspergillus flavus and endomyces fibuliger were able to grow at oxygen levels down to 0.03%, while the chalk mould e. fibuliger was capable of growing even in the presence of an oxygen absorber. high levels of carbon dioxide retarded growth but not completely. as an alternative to map active packaging (ap) using volatile essential oils (eo) and ole ... | 2000 | 11016611 |
| the mycobiota of speck, a traditional tyrolean smoked and cured ham. | speck is a ham specialty product traditionally produced in south tyrol (italy) and north tyrol (austria) by farmers, butcheries, and meat industries. to date, nothing has been learned about fungi associated with this smoked and cured meat. therefore, it was the main objective of this study to assess the typical mycobiota of speck in relation to the different production types and the geographic provenance. a total of 121 speck samples from north tyrol and south tyrol was analyzed. from 63 isolate ... | 2000 | 11041140 |
| growth of fungi and mycotoxin production on cheese under modified atmospheres. | the use of modified atmospheres to prevent fungal growth and mycotoxin production in cheese was evaluated. eight fungal species: mucor plumbeus, fusarium oxysporum, byssochlamys fulva, b. nivea, penicillium commune, p. roqueforti, aspergillus flatus and eurotium chevalieri were inoculated onto cheese and incubated under conditions of decreasing concentrations of o2 (5% to < 0.5%) and increasing concentrations of co2 (20-40%). fungal growth was measured by colony diameter and ergosterol content. ... | 2001 | 11545212 |
| surface mycoflora of a spanish fermented meat sausage and toxigenicity of penicillium isolates. | the surface mycoflora of "chorizo de cantimpalos", a spanish variety of fermented meat sausage characterised by a natural white covering, has been investigated. among 54 mould strains isolated, 38 belonged to penicillium subgenus penicillium. the major species found (18 isolates) was identified as penicillium commune, and the other dominant species (13 isolates) was identified as p. olsonii. none of the p. olsonii isolates produced cyclopiazonic acid, mycophenolic acid, roquefortine c. patulin o ... | 2001 | 11545222 |
| mould contaminants on jarlsberg and norvegia cheese blocks from four factories. | visible mould from 225 blocks of the norwegian semi-hard cheeses jarlsberg and norvegia from four factories were subcultured and identified. altogether 23 different fungal species were detected. the two most important contaminating species were penicillium commune and p. palitans, constituting 21.4% and 17.9% of the total isolates, respectively. the other dominating contaminants were p. roqueforit spp. roqueforti, geotrichum candidum, p. solitum and p. crustosum. these species, together with p. ... | 2001 | 11759759 |
| differences in the microflora of scarified and unscarified seeds of karwinskia humboldtiana (rhamnaceae). | seeds of karwinskia humboldtiana obtained from a 1997 collection in the locality of villa de gracía nuevo (león, mexico) were contaminated with spores of filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeasts. the concentration of microorganisms in unscarified seeds ranged from 3.0 x 10(3) to 7.5 x 10(3) cfu/g. predominant were bacterial isolates of the genera aeromonas sp., bacillus, and pseudomonas; from filamentous fungi were identified alternaria, aspergillus niger, cladosporium sp., fusarium sp., mucor sp. ... | 2001 | 11898346 |
| production of cyclopiazonic acid by penicillium commune isolated from dry-cured ham on a meat extract-based substrate. | penicillium commune, a mold frequently found on dry-cured meat products, is able to synthesize the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (cpa). to evaluate the hazard due to cpa on such foods, the ability of p. commune to grow and produce cpa at water activities (a(w)) in the range of 0.99 to 0.90 with a meat extract-based medium from 12 to 30 degrees c was determined. cpa was quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. p. commune was able to grow at every a(w) and temperatur ... | 2002 | 12092733 |
| apparent antifungal activity of several lactic acid bacteria against penicillium discolor is due to acetic acid in the medium. | fifty-six dairy bacteria belonging to the genera lactococcus, lactobacillus, pediococcus, propionibacterium, streptococcus, enterococcus, leuconostoc, and brevibacterium were screened for antifungal activity against four species of fungi relevant to the cheese industry (penicillium discolor, penicillium commune, penicillium roqueforti, and aspergillus vesicolor). most of the active strains belonged to the genus lactobacillus, whereas penicillium discolor was found to be the most sensitive of the ... | 2002 | 12182485 |
| visual clone identification of penicillium commune isolates. | a method for visual clone identification of penicillium commune isolates was developed. the method is based on images of fungal colonies acquired after growth on a standard medium and involves a high degree of objectivity, which in future studies will make it possible for non-experts to perform a qualified identification of different species as well as clones within a species. a total of 77 p. commune isolates from a cheese dairy were 3-point inoculated on yeast extract sucrose (yes) agar and in ... | 2003 | 12459242 |
| broad and complex antifungal activity among environmental isolates of lactic acid bacteria. | more than 1200 isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from different environments were screened for antifungal activity in a dual-culture agar plate assay. approximately 10% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity and 4% showed strong activity against the indicator mould aspergillus fumigatus. the antifungal spectra for 37 isolates with strong activity and five isolates with low or no activity were determined. several of the strains showed strong inhibitory activity against the moulds a. f ... | 2003 | 12594034 |
| the use of aflp to relate cheese-contaminating penicillium strains to specific points in the production plants. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was performed on isolates of penicillium commune and penicillium palitans originating from cheese and indoor environment in four cheese factories. the aflp method was found to be a useful tool for identification of p. commune and p. palitans on, as well as below, species level. however, aflp in combination with m13 fingerprinting described in a previous paper provided better resolution at the intraspecific level than either of the methods al ... | 2003 | 12706040 |
| [the penicillium commune thom and penicillium clavigerum demelius fungi--fumigaclavines a and b producers]. | the type strains penicillium clavigerum vkm f-447 and p. commune vkm f-3233 are found to produce fumigaclavines a and b. of the seven other strains of these species, only two strains, p. commune vkm f-3088 and f-3491, possess the ability to synthesize these alkaloids. it is suggested that the five other strains under study either lost such an ability or require very specific conditions for the synthesis of these alkaloids. | 2003 | 12751240 |
| the presence of penicillium and penicillium mycotoxins in food wastes. | a total of 97 samples (48 summer and 49 winter) of food waste from private households were investigated for penicillium and for mycotoxins. twenty-five penicillium species were isolated and penicillium crustosum, penicillium brevicompactum, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium expansum, penicillium roqueforti, penicillium spinulosum, penicillium viridicatum, penicillium commune, penicillium citrinum and penicillium solitum were, in decreasing order, the most frequently identified species. mycoto ... | 2004 | 14698099 |
| effect of weak acid preservatives on growth of bakery product spoilage fungi at different water activities and ph values. | inhibition of spoilage organisms from bakery products by weak acid preservatives in concentrations of 0%, 0.003%, 0.03% and 0.3% (w/v) was investigated experimentally on a substrate media with water activity (a(w)) and ph ranging from sourdough-fermented acidic rye bread to alkaline intermediate moisture sponge cake types (a(w) 0.80-0.95, ph 4.7-7.4). initially, rye bread conditions (a(w) 0.94-0.97 and ph 4.4-4.8) in combination with calcium propionate were investigated. results showed that the ... | 2004 | 15240076 |
| [safety of rice grains and mycotoxins - a historical review of yellow rice mycotoxicoses]. | aflatoxins, the most powerful mycotoxins, were brought to the attention fo the people in the early 1960s with the outbreak of the turkey "x" disease in england. however, the history of mycotoxin research in japan began 100 years ago. in 1891, sakaki demonstrated that moldy, unpolished rice was fatal to experimental animals, with symptoms indicating paralysis of the central nervous system (shoshin-kakke). in 1920, prof. i. miyake and dr. takada first reported that penicillium commune, which was k ... | 2004 | 16025655 |
| the inhibitory effect of penicillium camemberti and geotruchum candidum on the associated funga of white mould cheese. | the diameter of pinpoint inoculated cheese contaminates (cladosporium herbarum, penicillium roqueforti, penicillium caseifulvum and penicillium commune), isolated from either the dairy environment or directly from cheese, were inoculated 24 h after inoculation of the secondary starters to simulate contamination at the critical point of the salt brine. pure p. camemberti had the largest inhibitory effect on the c. herbarum contaminant. adding g. candidum in mixed cultures weakened the inhibitory ... | 2005 | 16083983 |
| penitrem a and roquefortine production by penicillium commune. | extracts of penicillium commune, a fungus isolated from cottonseed, showed biological activity in day-old cockerels. two neurotoxic metabolites were isolated and identified as penitrem a and roquefortine. this is the first report of roquefortine being produced by a fungus other than penicillium roqueforti as well as the first report of penitrem a and roquefortine being produced in the same culture. production of these toxins on liquid media and cottonseed was determined. | 1980 | 16345552 |
| chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities of the essential oil of achillea ligustica all. | the chemical composition of the essential oil from flowering tops of achillea ligustica all. was studied. samples were collected in different localities of sardinia (italy) and hydrodistilled both with clevenger-type and with simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus. the yields ranged between 0.88 +/- 0.06 and 0.43 +/- 0.02% (vol/dry wt). the essential oils were analyzed by gc-ms, and a total of 96 components were detected. from a qualitative point of view, irrelevant differences between s ... | 2005 | 16366708 |
| isolation and evaluation of tannin-degrading fungal strains from the mexican desert. | eleven fungal strains (4 penicillium commune, 2 aspergillus niger, 2 aspergillus rugulosa, aspergillus terricola, aspergillus ornatus and aspergillus fumigatus) were isolated, characterized morphologically and by their capacity to degrade tannins. aspergillus niger aa-20 was used as control strain. several concentrations of hydrolysable tannin (tannic acid) were used as sole carbon source. all strains were able to degrade hydrolysable tannins. aspergillus niger gh1 and psh showed the highest tan ... | 2005 | 16402543 |
| identification of volatile metabolites from five fungal species cultivated on two media. | five fungal species, aspergillus versicolor, penicillium commune, cladosporium cladosporioides, paecilomyces variotii, and phialophora fastigiata, were cultivated on two media, malt extract agar and dichloran glycerol agar. culture flasks provided with inlet and outlet tubes were used and purified, and humidified air was constantly led through the flasks. air samples from the cultures were sorbed on tenax gr and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography. the produced volatile metabolites ... | 1995 | 16535095 |
| comparison of biomass dry weights and radial growth rates of fungal colonies on media solidified with different gelling compounds. | penicillium commune, aureobasidium pullulans, and paecilomyces farinosus were grown on two different media solidified with agar, pluronic f-127, carrageenan x-4910, or carrageenan x-4910 overlaid with cellophane. growth on carrageenan x-4910 was generally the same as that on agar, as was the visual appearance of the colonies, e.g., the pigmentation. the carrageenan x-4910 gels had a melting point, depending on the medium, of 41 to 46(deg)c, and the dry weights of the colonies were readily determ ... | 1995 | 16535179 |
| assessment of textile dye remediation using biotic and abiotic agents. | the aim of the current work was to assess the removal of direct and reactive dyes using biotic and abiotic agents. removal of dyes and their derivatives from aqueous solutions was investigated using sugarcane bagasse, sawdust, rice straw, charcoal and fungal biomass as dye removing agents. seven fungal strains known to have high capacity in removing textile dyes were used. results of this study indicated that penicillium commune, p. freii, and p. allii removed 96, 64 and 65%, respectively, of di ... | 2006 | 16847836 |
| active packaging of cheese with allyl isothiocyanate, an alternative to modified atmosphere packaging. | the natural antimicrobial compound allyl isothiocyanate (aitc), found in mustard oil, is effective against cheese-related fungi both on laboratory media and cheese. penicillium commune, penicillium roqueforti, and aspergillus flavus were more sensitive to aitc when it was added just after the spores had completed 100% germination and branching had started on czapek yeast extract agar than were spores in the dormant phase. the use of 1 aitc label (wasaouro interior labels, ld30d, 20 by 20 mm) in ... | 2006 | 17066923 |
| isolation of penicillium commune from a pulmonary infection in a dog. | | 2006 | 17142627 |
| tolerance of antarctic soil fungi to hydrocarbons. | little is known about the effects of hydrocarbons and fuel oil on antarctic filamentous fungi in the terrestrial antarctic environment. growth of fungi and bacteria from soils around rothera research station (adelaide island, antarctic peninsula) was assessed in the presence of ten separate aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons [marine gas oil (mgo), dodecane, hexadecane, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, toluene, phenol, biphenyl, naphthalene and m- and p-xylenes with ethylbenzene]. aromatic h ... | 2007 | 17157897 |
| microbial quality and presence of moulds in kuflu cheese. | the chemical and microbial qualities, including fungal flora, of 30 samples of kuflu cheese randomly purchased from different markets in turkey were investigated. the gross composition of the cheese samples ranged between 37.65-53.65% moisture, 6.21-40.09% fat-in-dry matter, 4.70-10.07% salt-in-moisture and 26.18-44.85% protein. the mean ph value of the cheeses was 6.29+/-0.28 and ph values ranged from 5.52 to 7.22. variations between the samples in terms of their gross composition suggested a l ... | 2007 | 17258341 |
| characterization of the volatile constituents in the essential oil of pistacia lentiscus l. from different origins and its antifungal and antioxidant activity. | essential oil (eo) from aerial parts (leaves, juvenile branches, and flowers when present) of pistacia lentiscus l. growing wild in five localities of sardinia (italy) was extracted by steam-distillation (sd) and analyzed by gas chromatography (gc), fid, and gc-ion trap mass spectrometry (itms). samples of p. lentiscus l. were harvested between april and october to study the seasonal chemical variability of the eo. a total of 45 compounds accounting for 97.5-98.4% of the total eo were identified ... | 2007 | 17658828 |
| [the influence of coordinational germanium compounds on the activity of glycosidases]. | the ability of the synthesized compounds of germanium with bioligands to affect the biosynthesis and activity of alpha-amylase and alpha-l-rhamnosidase has been studied. it was established the most complexes tested induced biosyntheis of alpha-amylase of bacillus subtilis 147 (119-252%) with the exception of pam (pyracetam) and ii (ge-nicotinic-citric acid). at the same time the biosynthesis of alpha-amylase of bacillus licheniformis 234 and alpha-l-rhamnosidase of penicillium commune was inhibi ... | 2007 | 17682526 |
| production of secondary metabolites by some terverticillate penicillia on carbohydrate-rich and meat substrates. | most terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured meat products are toxigenic, but their ability to produce hazardous metabolites on meat-based substrates is not well known. the production of extrolites by selected terverticillate penicillia isolated from dry-cured ham has been studied on carbohydrate-rich media (malt extract agar, czapek yeast autolysate agar, rice extract agar, and rice), meat extract triolein salt agar, and ham slices. chloroform extracts from the selected strains grown ... | 2007 | 18095438 |
| [induction of synthesis and activation of penicillium commune alpha-l-rhamnosidase]. | for the first time the influence of a number of synthetic porfirin and fluoren derivatives, coordinative germanium substances and surfactants on the biosynthesis and activity of penicillium commune 266 alpha-l-rhamnosidase has been studied. it is shown that some of porfirin derivatives and coordinative germanium substances may be used as inducers of biosynthesis (143-430%) and also as stimulators of alpha-l-rhamnosidase activity (15-44%). it is more expedient to use biscitratgermanium acid in a ... | 2007 | 18219986 |
| determination of cyclopiazonic acid in food and feeds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | a new, fast and efficient multiple reaction monitoring (mrm) high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) method for the determination of cyclopiazonic acid (cpa) in mixed feed, wheat, peanuts and rice is presented. the analytical methodology involves sample extraction with an alkaline methanol-water mixture, defatting with hexane and quantification using hplc-ms/ms without further treatment of sample extracts. reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a c18 stat ... | 2009 | 19296956 |
| [investigations of functional groups of penicillium commune 266 alpha-l-rhamnosidases]. | on the basis of the data of metal ions influence it was established that penicillium commune 266 alpha-l-rhamnosidases are dependent of metals. the cations of cu2+, mn2+, ag+, hg2+ essentially influenced the activity decreasing its up to 45-55%. ba2+ and mn2+ ions completely inhibited alpha-l-rhamnosidase 2 activity in concentration of 10(-3) m. the role of carboxylic group and histidine imidazole group in hydrolysis of rhamnoglycosides have been estimated by the dixon, lineweaver-burke and phot ... | 2008 | 19351056 |
| growth and mycotoxin production by food spoilage fungi under high carbon dioxide and low oxygen atmospheres. | the influence of high carbon dioxide and low oxygen concentrations on growth by the foodborne fungal species, mucor plumbeus, fusarium oxysporum, byssochlamys fulva, byssochlamys nivea, penicillium commune, penicillium roqueforti, aspergillus flavus, eurotium chevalieri and xeromyces bisporus was investigated. production of aflatoxin by a. flavus, patulin by b. nivea and roquefortine c by p. roqueforti was also studied. fungal growth was evaluated under atmospheres consisting of 20, 40 and 60% c ... | 2009 | 19428138 |
| effect of mixed antimicrobial agents and flavors in active packaging films. | active packaging is an emerging food technology to improve the quality and safety of food products. many works have been developed to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. essential oils have been traditionally used as flavorings in food, so they have an important odor impact but they have as well antimicrobial properties that could be used to protect the food. recent developments in antimicrobial active packaging showed the efficiency of essential oils versus bread and bakery prod ... | 2009 | 19711918 |
| chemical constituents of a marine-derived endophytic fungus penicillium commune g2m. | cultivation of the endophytic fungus penicillium commune, which was isolated from the semi-mangrove plant hibiscus tiliaceus, afforded one new compound 1-o-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoyl)-glycerol (1) along with thirteen known products, including 1-o-acetylglycerol (2), n-acetyltryptophan (3), 3-indolylacetic acid methyl ester (4), 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethanone (5), 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (6), (4r,5s)-5-hydroxyhexan-4-olide (7), thymidine (8), uracil (9), thymine (10), ... | 2010 | 20657476 |
| growth and mycotoxin production by fungi in atmospheres containing 80% carbon dioxide and 20% oxygen. | the effect of atmosphere containing 80% co(2) and 20% o(2) on growth of mucor plumbeus, fusarium oxysporum, byssochlamys fulva, byssochlamys nivea, penicillium commune, penicillium roqueforti, aspergillus flavus, eurotium chevalieri and xeromyces bisporus was investigated. production of aflatoxin by a. flavus, patulin by b. nivea, roquefortine c by p. roqueforti, and cyclopiazonic acid by p. commune was also studied. fungal growth was evaluated by three methods: colony diameter, hyphal length or ... | 2010 | 20864200 |
| the production of cyclopiazonic acid by penicillium commune and cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxins by aspergillus flavus as affected by water activity and temperature on maize grains. | the combined effects of water activity (a(w)) and temperature on mycotoxin production by penicilium commune (cyclopiazonic acid - cpa) and aspergillus flavus (cpa and aflatoxins - af) were studied on maize over a 14-day period using a statistical experimental design. analysis of variance showed a highly significant interaction (p ≤ 0.001) between these factors and mycotoxin production. the minimum a(w)/temperature for cpa production (2264 ng g(-1) p. commune, 709 ng g(-1) a. flavus) was 0.90 a(w ... | 1996 | 20882459 |
| comazaphilones a-f, azaphilone derivatives from the marine sediment-derived fungus penicillium commune qsd-17. | chemical investigation of penicillium commune qsd-17, a fungus isolated from a marine sediment sample collected in the southern china sea, yielded six new azaphilone derivatives, namely, comazaphilones a-f (1-6). the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. attempts to define the absolute configuration of these azaphilones through investigation of mosher's esters failed, possibly due to steric crowding at c-6 and c-7 and due to the degradation of the ... | 2011 | 21226488 |
| glycerol enhances the antifungal activity of dairy propionibacteria. | dairy propionibacteria are widely used in starter cultures for swiss type cheese. these bacteria can ferment glucose, lactic acid, and glycerol into propionic acid, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide. this research examined the antifungal effect of dairy propionibacteria when glycerol was used as carbon source for bacterial growth. five type strains of propionibacteria were tested against the yeast rhodotorula mucilaginosa and the molds penicillium commune and penicillium roqueforti. the conversion ... | 2010 | 21331381 |
| fungi isolated from olive ecosystems and screening of their potential biotechnological use. | this study investigated the fungi diversity of fresh olive (olea europaea l.) fruits, olive paste (crushed olives) and olive pomace (solid waste) and screened and quantified enzymatic activities with biotechnological applications. fungi were randomly isolated from olive cultivars from castilla la mancha region (spain). identification included comparison of their polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplicons of the its1-5.8s-its2 ribosomal dna region, followed by nucleotide sequence analysis. fourtee ... | 2011 | 21689797 |
| experimental and theoretical investigations of the adhesion time of penicillium spores to cedar wood surface. | in this study, the adhesion of 4 penicillium strains (penicillium granulatum, penicillium crustosum, penicillium commune and penicillium chrysogenum) on cedar wood was examined qualitatively and quantitatively by using the extended dlvo (xdlvo) approach and the environmental scanning electronic microscopy (esem) technique. a comparison between the xdlvo theories and the esem technique was also investigated. the adhesion tests revealed that p. chrysogenum was not able to adhere on the cedar wood ... | 2012 | 23827572 |
| antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from olive tree leaves. | in this study, the antimicrobial potential of three fungal endophytes from leaves of olea europaea l. was evaluated and the host plant extract effect in the antimicrobial activity was examined. the volatile compounds produced by endophytes were identified by gc/ms and further correlated with the antimicrobial activity. in potato dextrose agar, both penicillium commune and penicillium canescens were the most effective inhibiting gram-positive and -negative bacteria (up to 2.7-fold compared to 30 ... | 2017 | 28168624 |
| control of household mycoflora in fermented sausages using phenolic fractions from olive mill wastewaters. | biopreservation using polyphenols represents an alternative to chemical molecules for improving food safety. in this work, we evaluated the antifungal activity of polyphenols extracted from olive mill wastewater (omwwp) to reduce or eliminate the growth of undesired fungi on the surface of dry fermented sausages. antagonism against penicillium expansum dsmz 1282, penicillium verrucosum dsmz 12639, penicillium nalgiovense ms01, aspergillus ochraceus dsmz 63304, cladosporium cladosporioides ms12, ... | 2015 | 25996624 |
| biological activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii and siparuna guianensis. | this study had analyzed the antibacterial, antifungal and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils from cinnamodendron dinisii schwacke (canellaceae) and siparuna guianensis aublet (siparunaceae). the essential oils were obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation, using a modified clevenger apparatus. chemical analysis by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (gc-ms) showed that these essential oils are rich in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. activity against ... | 2015 | 26221107 |
| microbiota of high-pressure-processed serrano ham investigated by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. | the microbiota of serrano dry-cured ham of different chemical composition, subjected or not to high-pressure processing (hpp), was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. microbial counts were submitted to analysis of variance with physicochemical parameters (aw, nacl concentration, salt-in-lean ratio and intramuscular fat content) or hpp as main effects. in untreated hams, physicochemical parameters significantly affected counts of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs ... | 2017 | 27835773 |
| antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against aspergillus fumigatus. | more than 120 isolates of lactic acid bacteria obtained from kimchi was screened for antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigatus. approximately 10% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity and only 4.16% (five isolates) exhibited strong activity against the indicator fungus a. fumigatus. the five isolates showed a wide rang of antifungal activity against a. flavus, fusarium moniliforme, penicillium commune, and rhizopus oryzae. they were identified by 16s rdna sequencing as lactobacillus ... | 2005 | 24049503 |
| generation and characterization of indoor fungal aerosols for inhalation studies. | in the indoor environment, people are exposed to several fungal species. evident dampness is associated with increased respiratory symptoms. to examine the immune responses associated with fungal exposure, mice are often exposed to a single species grown on an agar medium. the aim of this study was to develop an inhalation exposure system to be able to examine responses in mice exposed to mixed fungal species aerosolized from fungus-infested building materials. indoor airborne fungi were sampled ... | 2016 | 26921421 |
| uv tolerance of spoilage microorganisms and acid-shocked and acid-adapted escherichia coli in apple juice treated with a commercial uv juice-processing unit. | the enhanced thermal tolerance and survival responses of escherichia coli o157:h7 in acid and acidified foods is a major safety concern for the production of low-ph products, including beverages. little is known about this phenomenon when using uv light treatments. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of strain (e. coli o157:h7 strains c7927, atcc 35150, atcc 43895, and atcc 43889 and e. coli atcc 25922) and physiological state (control-unadapted, acid adapted, and acid shocked) on t ... | 2016 | 26818991 |
| endophytic fungi from medicinal plant bauhinia forficata: diversity and biotechnological potential. | bauhinia forficata is native to south america and used with relative success in the folk medicine in brazil. the diversity, antibacterial activity, and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes of endophytic fungi associated with this plant were studied. plant samples, which included leaves, sepals, stems, and seeds, were used. ninety-five endophytic fungal were isolated (18 from leaves, 22 from sepals, 46 from stems, and nine from seeds), comprising 28 species. the most frequently isolated species were ... | 2015 | 26221088 |
| diversity of spoilage fungi associated with various french dairy products. | yeasts and molds are responsible for dairy product spoilage, resulting in significant food waste and economic losses. yet, few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi encountered in dairy products. in the present study, 175 isolates corresponding to 105 from various spoiled dairy products and 70 originating from dairy production environments, were identified using sequencing of the its region, the partial β-tubulin, calmodulin and/or efα genes, and the d1-d2 domain of the 26s r ... | 2017 | 27794247 |
| determination of lipolytic and proteolytic activities of mycoflora isolated from dry-cured teruel ham. | fungi play a key role in dry-cured ham production because of their lipolytic and proteolytic activities. in the present study, 74 fungal strains from dry-cured teruel hams and air chambers were tested for proteolytic and lipolytic activities, with a view to their possible use as starter cultures. lipolytic activity of fungi was studied against lauric, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, whereas proteolytic activity was studied against casein and myosin. of the 74 fungal strains tested, most of th ... | 2015 | 26243949 |
| [investigation of mold fungi in air samples of elementary schools and evaluation of allergen-specific ige levels in students' sera]. | atmospheric fungal spores play important role in allergic reactions in atopic individuals. monitorization of those spores found in the environment of atopic cases is crucial for the choice of the antigens that will be included in allergen screening procedures and precautions to be taken against mold-originated health problems. since most of the people spend plenty of time indoors in recent years, the effects of exposure to indoor air fungi on human health have gained importance. this study was a ... | 2012 | 22639315 |
| screening and optimization of some inorganic salts for the production of ergot alkaloids from penicillium species using surface culture fermentation process. | the present study deals with the production of ergot alkaloids from penicillium commune and penicillium citrinum, using surface culture fermentation process. impact of various inorganic salts was tested on the production of ergot alkaloids during the optimization studies of fermentation medium such as impact of various concentration levels of succinic acid, ammonium chloride, mgso4, feso4, znso4, ph and the effect of various incubation time periods was also determined on the production of ergot ... | 2016 | 27087069 |
| comments on "screening and identification of novel ochratoxin a-producing fungi from grapes. toxins 2016, 8, 333"-in reporting ochratoxin a production from strains of aspergillus, penicillium and talaromyces. | recently a species in the genus talaromyces, a uniseriate species of aspergillus section nigri and an isolate each of two widespread species, penicillium rubens and p. commune, were reported to produce ochratoxin a. this claim was based on insufficient biological and chemical data. we propose a list of criteria that need to be met before an unexpected mycotoxin producer is reported. there have only been convincing data on ochratoxin a production for penicillium verrucosum, p. nordicum, p. thymic ... | 2017 | 28216564 |
| screening and identification of novel ochratoxin a-producing fungi from grapes. | ochratoxin a (ota) contamination has been established as a world-wide problem. in this study, the strains with the ability of ota production were screened by analyzing the green fluorescence of the isolates colonies from the grapes in zhenjiang with 365 nm uv light and confirmed by hplc with fluorescent detection (hplc-fld). the results showed that seven isolates acquired the characteristic of the fluorescence, of which only five showed the ability of ota production as confirmed by hplc-fld anal ... | 2016 | 27845758 |
| novel small molecule 11β-hsd1 inhibitor from the endophytic fungus penicillium commune. | two new phenone derivatives penicophenones a (1) and b (2), a new cyclic tetrapeptide penicopeptide a (3), and five known compounds were isolated from the culture broth of penicillium commune, an endophytic fungus derived from vitis vinifera. compounds 1-3 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1d and 2d nmr and hresims. the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined by comparing its ecd with related molecules and modified marfey's analysis, respectively. penicophe ... | 2016 | 27194583 |
| survival of penicillium spp. conidia during deep-frying and baking steps of frozen chicken nuggets processing. | this study aimed at determining whether penicillium spp. strains could survive through the heat treatment applied during the processing of frozen chicken nuggets. firstly, it was found that the conidia of penicillium were not able to survive the heat shock in phosphate buffer at ph 7.2 in thermal death tubes (tdt) at 80 °c/30 min. subsequently, each penicillium strain was inoculated in frozen chicken nuggets, which were subjected to the following treatments: i) only deep frying (frying oil at 19 ... | 2016 | 26742610 |
| [fungal community structure in phase ii composting of volvariella volvacea]. | to understand the fungal community succession during the phase ii of volvariella volvacea compost and clarify the predominant fungi in different fermentation stages, to monitor the dynamic compost at the molecular level accurately and quickly, and reveal the mechanism. | 2014 | 25876337 |
| penicillium commune metabolic profile as a promising source of antipathogenic natural products. | penicillium is an important genus of ascomycetous fungi in the environment and in food and drug production. this paper aims to investigate statins and antipathogenic natural products from a penicillium commune environmental isolate. fractions (f1, f2, f3 and f4) were obtained from an ethyl acetate extract. direct insertion probe/electron ionisation/ion trap detection mass spectrometry (ms and ms/ms) identified lovastatin (1) in f1, while gc-ms showed that 3-isobutylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin ... | 2015 | 25674939 |
| an evaluation of the proteolytic and lipolytic potential of penicillium spp. isolated from traditional greek sausages in submerged fermentation. | a number of novel penicillium strains belonging to penicillium nalgiovense, penicillium solitum, penicillium commune, penicillium olsonii, and penicillium oxalicum species, isolated from the surface of traditional greek sausages, were evaluated for their proteolytic and lipolytic potential in a solid substrate first and next in submerged fermentations, using complex media. extracellular proteolytic activity was assessed at acid, neutral, and alkaline ph, while the lipolytic activity was assessed ... | 2014 | 24122629 |
| preparation and structural elucidation of a glucomannogalactan from marine fungus penicillium commune. | the coral-associated fungus penicillium commune produces an extracellular polysaccharide, fp2-1, when grown in potato dextrose-agar medium. fp2-1 was isolated from the fermented broth using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography, and its structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses, including detailed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the results showed that fp2-1 was a glucomannogalactan with a molar ratio of galactose, mannose and glucose of 3.9:1.9:1.0. str ... | 2013 | 23911448 |
| cyclohexanone derivatives with cytotoxicity from the fungus penicillium commune. | four new cyclohexanone derivatives (2-5) and one known analog, (-)-palitantin (1) were isolated from the etoac extract of penicillium commune, a fungal strain of low-temperature habitats. the structures of 2-5 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. furthermore, the absolute configuration of 2 was assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ecd) calculations, whereas that 3-5 were deduced via the cd data. cytotoxicities of 2-5 against five human carcinoma cell lines (hel ... | 2013 | 23558202 |
| production, detection, and purification of clavine-type ergot alkaloids. | ergot alkaloids are indole derivatives with diverse structures and biological activities. this chapter describes the procedure from fungal cultivation to purified ergot alkaloids, as exemplified by fumigaclavine a in penicillium commune. furthermore, useful notes for working with purified ergot alkaloids are given. | 2012 | 23065612 |
| sd118-xanthocillin x (1), a novel marine agent extracted from penicillium commune, induces autophagy through the inhibition of the mek/erk pathway. | a compound named sd118-xanthocillin x (1) (c(18)h(12)n(2)o(2)), isolated from penicillium commune in a deep-sea sediment sample, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several cancer cell lines in vitro. in the present study, we employed a growth inhibition assay and apoptotic analysis to identify the biological effect and detailed mechanism of sd118-xanthocillin x (1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cells. sd118-xanthocillin x (1) demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibitory eff ... | 2012 | 22822377 |
| secondary metabolites produced by solid fermentation of the marine-derived fungus penicillium commune qsd-17. | the marine sediment-derived fungus penicillium commune qsd-17 was re-investigated and cultured on rice solid medium. two new compounds, isophomenone (1) and 3-deacetylcitreohybridonol (2), together with seven known derivatives (3-9), were identified. their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. | 2012 | 22313755 |
| chemical characterisation of cheese associated fungi. | recent work in our laboratory has demonstrated that the most common contaminating fungi on different types of cheese are;penicillium commune, p. nalgiovense, p. solitum, p. discolor, p. roqueforti, p. crustosum, p. nordicum andaspergillus versicolor. on blue cheese a new speciesp. caseifulvum has been discovered as a surface contaminant. a large number of known and unknown metabolites have been described from the above mentioned cheese associated fungi from both synthetic media and real samples. ... | 2000 | 23605429 |
| endophytic fungi associated with monarda citriodora, an aromatic and medicinal plant and their biocontrol potential. | the food and agriculture organization has estimated that every year considerable losses of the food crops occur due to plant diseases. although fungicides are extensively used for management of plant diseases, they are expensive and hazardous to the environment and human health. alternatively, biological control is the safe way to overcome the effects of plant diseases and to sustain agriculture. since monarda citriodora cerv. ex lag. (lamiaceae/labiatae) is known for its antifungal properties, ... | 2017 | 28398103 |
| microbiological quality of argentinian paprika. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of paprika produced in catamarca, argentina. microbiological analyses were carried out for the enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts and molds, and the detection of salmonella in samples obtained from different local producers during three consecutive years. the mycobiota was identified paying special attention to the mycotoxigenic molds. standard plate counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria ranged fro ... | 2017 | 28571612 |