| biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine. isolation of the putative intermediate 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate from culture fluids of bacteria and fungi. | methods are described for identifying the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate by means of t.l.c., n.m.r. and mass spectroscopy. by using these methods 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate, a putative intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine, has been identified in culture fluids of aeromonas hydrophila b12e and a coryneform bacterium d7f grown in the presence of methionine. relative to 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate, the yield of 3-(methylthio)propanal (methional) ... | 1979 | 42392 |
| electron microscopy of some rock phosphate dissolving bacteria and fungi. | bacteria pseudomonas striata, bacillus polymyxa, b. megaterium and b. pulvifaciens, and fungi aspergillus awamori, a. niger and penicillium digitatum dissolve tricalcium phosphate and, much less, mussorie and udaipur rock phosphate. the solubilizing power of fungi was higher than that of bacteria, the highest being with a. awamori and a. niger, and with p. striata. electron microscopy of the various cultures showed an electron-dense layer on the bacterial surface after negative staining. the siz ... | 1979 | 527907 |
| swelling of penicillium digitatum conidia by a fusarium acuminatum nrrl 6227 metabolite. | fusarium acuminatum nrrl 6227 produces an antifungal metabolite that causes incubating conidia of several penicillium species to swell 5-10 diameters while inhibiting germination. the swollen conidia are spherical, translucent, nonviable and easily shattered with a slight physical pressure; however, they remain resistant to osmotic shock. this antibiotic has been identified as a cyclic peptide composed of alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, threonine and tyrosine. | 1977 | 593300 |
| new structural features of the antigenic extracellular polysaccharides of penicillium and aspergillus species revealed with exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase. | to study the structures of the epitopes of the extracellular polysaccharides from penicillium and aspergillus species, an exo-beta-d-galactofuranosidase was purified from a commercial crude enzyme preparation from trichoderma harzianum. analysis of ring size and linkage position of the galactose residues of the extracellular polysaccharide of penicillium digitatum, before and after enzymatic treatment, was determined by the reductive-cleavage technique. in addition to terminal and beta (1-5)-lin ... | 1992 | 1383191 |
| purification and properties of an ethylene-forming enzyme from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2. | a novel ethylene-forming enzyme that catalyses the formation of ethylene from 2-oxoglutarate was purified from a cell-free extract of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2. it was purified about 2800-fold with an overall yield of 53% to a single band of protein after sds-page. the purified enzyme had a specific activity of 660 nmol ethylene min-1 (mg protein)-1. the molecular mass of the enzyme was approximately 36 kda by gel filtration and 42 kda by sds-page. the isoelectric point and optim ... | 1991 | 1770346 |
| biological control of penicillium digitatum by trichoderma viride on postharvest citrus fruits. | in previous studies it was shown that trichoderma viride, isolated from spanish citrus packing houses, showed antagonistic activity against penicillium digitatum in in vitro laboratory tests. in the present in vivo studies navelina oranges, protected with aqueous suspension of t. viride (2.5 x 10(6) to 2.5 x 10(9) spores per ml), showed an increase in resistance toward p. digitatum. oranges, inoculated with p. digitatum, did not produce lesions after 5 days when t. viride was applied 48 h or 72 ... | 1990 | 2261318 |
| synergistic effect of fungicides on resistant strains of penicillium italicum and penicillium digitatum. | in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to study the inhibitory effect of mixtures of sodium orthophenylphenate, methyl-1-(butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole ('benomyl') and sodium orthophenylphenate, 2-(4-thiazolil)-benzimidazole ('thiabendazole') on growth of strains of penicillium italicum and p. digitatum resistant to sodium orthophenylphenate, 'benomyl' and 'thiabendazole'. 'in vitro' tests showed a synergistic effect of the mixtures; 10 ppm of sodium orthophenylphenate and 10 ppm of the ... | 1988 | 3275313 |
| human serum antibodies to extracellular polysaccharides (eps) of moulds. | the presence of antibodies to extracellular polysaccharides (eps) of moulds in sera of healthy subjects (n = 125) was determined. antibodies against the eps of penicillium digitatum, mucor racemosus, cladosporium cladosporioides, fusarium moniliforme and botrytis tulipae were found in relatively high amounts in all sera. no effect of age on antibodies present could be demonstrated. antibodies against each of the eps tested were only neutralized by the homologous eps and by eps of moulds belongin ... | 1988 | 3379539 |
| purification and properties of extracellular polysaccharide (eps) antigens produced by different mould species. | extracellular polysaccharide (eps) antigens produced by different mould species were purified and partially characterized. purification included (nh4)2so4 treatment, sepharose cl-4b column chromatography and con a-sepharose chromatography. the eps of penicillium digitatum, mucor racemosus and cladosporium cladosporioides showed high antigenic capacities. immunologically the eps were partially genus-specific, but cross-reactivity was observed. the eps antigens produced by species of penicillium, ... | 1987 | 3571038 |
| surface characteristics of conidia from monosporous cultures of penicillium digitatum and aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus. | | 1969 | 5369330 |
| biological assays for two mycotoxins produced by fusarium tricinctum. | a survey was made to detect microorganisms useful for assaying butenolide [4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone] and t-2 toxin [4beta, 15-diacetoxy-8alpha-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxytricothec -9-en-3alpha-ol]. these mycotoxins produced by strains of fusarium tricinctum have been implicated in mycotoxicosis of livestock. although butenolide proved to be a very weak antibiotic, assay discs containing 100 mug of this toxin inhibited sprillum serpens nrrl b-2052, vibrio tyrogenus ... | 1970 | 5485724 |
| the chemical composition of the cell walss of penicillium digitatum sacc. and penicillium italicum whem. | | 1968 | 5653226 |
| elaboration of vomitoxin and zearalenone by fusarium isolates and the biological activity of fusarium-produced toxins. | sixteen fusarium isolates belonging to f. graminearium schw. and f. culmorum (w.g. smith) sacc. produced vomitoxin and zearalenone on cracked corn at 28 degrees c. quantitation for vomitoxin was by gas-liquid chromatography. this toxin was produced in quantities of 5 to 236 microgram/g of fermented corn. vomitoxin showed weak antibiotic activity against penicillium digitatum sacc., mucor ramannianus möller, and saccharomyces bayanus sacc., but did not inhibit gram-positive, gram-negative, or aci ... | 1981 | 6459056 |
| preparation, properties and biological activity of natural and semisynthetic urethanes of monensin. | conversion of the monovalent polyether antibiotic monensin into a series of urethane derivatives substituted at c-26 causes a ten-fold increase in the cation transporting properties of the antibiotic as well as making the resulting semisynthetic urethanes divalent ionophores. these changes must in part account for the enhanced antimicrobial activities of the urethanes. the most active derivatives are the phenylurethanes which are ten times more active in vitro against gram-positive bacteria and ... | 1983 | 6630078 |
| biocontrol of mold growth in high-moisture wheat stored under airtight conditions by pichia anomala, pichia guilliermondii, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | pichia anomala inhibits the growth of penicillium roqueforti and aspergillus candidus on agar. in this investigation, antagonistic activity on agar against 17 mold species was determined. the abilities of pichia anomala, pichia guilliermondii, and saccharomyces cerevisiae to inhibit the growth of the mold penicillium roqueforti in nonsterile high-moisture wheat were compared by adding 10(3) penicillium roqueforti spores and different amounts of yeast cells per gram of wheat. inoculated grain was ... | 1995 | 7793907 |
| [penicillium ulaiense hsieh, su & tzean, a post-harvest pathogen of citrus fruits in northeastern argentina]. | fungi were isolated from the surface of decaying citrus fruits and their pathogenicity was determined. a few rotten fruits presented coremia of penicillium ulaiense hsieh, su & tzean, a new postharvest pathogen in latin america. penicillium digitatum (89 strains). penicillium italicum (28). p. ulaiense (12) and geotrichum candidum (11) were isolated from 129 samples of citrus fruits. | 1995 | 8552758 |
| specificity of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting aspergillus galactomannan. | the specificity of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting aspergillus galactomannan was tested with exoantigens of 29 fungi cultured from clinical specimens. cross-reactivity was observed with penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, and paecilomyces variotii. furthermore, 40 serum samples obtained from bacteremic patients with hematologic malignancies were retrospectively tested by sandwich elisa. false-positive reactions with the serum were reproducible but d ... | 1997 | 8968919 |
| fungal melanins and their interactions with metals. | fungal melanins are dark brown or black pigments located in cell walls. they also exist as extracellular polymers. melanized fungi possess increased virulence and resistance to microbial attack as well as enhanced survival while under environmental stress. melanins contain various functional groups which provide an array of multiple nonequivalent binding sites for metal ions. pigmented cladosporium cladosporoides was shown to biosorb 2.5- to four-fold more ni, cu, zn, cd, and pb than albino peni ... | 1996 | 8987489 |
| the antimicrobial activity of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone isolated from the shoots of helichrysum aureonitens. | extracts from helichrysum aureonitens are used topically by the indigenous people of south africa against infections. the antimicrobial activity-guided fractionation by bioautography of the acetone extract from the aerial parts of h. aureonitens led to the isolation of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (galangin). evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the compound against ten randomly selected bacteria indicated significant activity against all the gram-positive bacteria tested with the minimum inhi ... | 1997 | 9292410 |
| a novel atp-binding cassette transporter involved in multidrug resistance in the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum. | demethylation inhibitor (dmi)-resistant strains of the plant pathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum were shown to be simultaneously resistant to cycloheximide, 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4nqo), and acriflavine. a pmr1 (penicillium multidrug resistance) gene encoding an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter (p-glycoprotein) was cloned from a genomic dna library of a dmi-resistant strain (lc2) of penicillium digitatum by heterologous hybridization with a dna fragment containing an abc-encoding re ... | 1998 | 9758830 |
| relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. | this study examined the effect of volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils on p. digitatum and p. italicum growth. the hydrodistilled essential oils of orange (citrus sinensis cvv. "washington navel", "sanguinello", "tarocco", "moro", "valencia late", and "ovale"), bitter (sour) orange (c. aurantium), mandarin (c. deliciosa cv. "avana"), grapefruit (c. paradisi cvv. "marsh seedless" and "red blush"), citrange (c. sinensis x poncirus trifoliata cvv. "carrizo" and "troyer"), and lemon (c ... | 1998 | 9761340 |
| individual and combined effects of vanillin and potassium sorbate on penicillium digitatum, penicillium glabrum, and penicillium italicum growth. | the individual and combined effects of potassium sorbate and vanillin concentrations on the growth of penicillium digitatum, p. glabrum, and p. italicum in potato dextrose agar adjusted to water activity 0.98 and ph 3.5 were evaluated. inhibitory concentrations of potassium sorbate varied from 150 ppm for p. digitatum to 700 ppm for p. glabrum, and for vanillin from 1,100 ppm for p. digitatum and p. italicum and 1,300 ppm for p. glabrum. fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) isobolograms sho ... | 1999 | 10340678 |
| gc-ms analysis of essential oils from some greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on penicillium digitatum. | the isolated essential oils from seven air-dried plant species were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). thymus vulgaris (thyme), origanum vulgare (oregano), and origanumdictamus (dictamus) essential oils were found to be rich in phenolic compounds representing 65.8, 71.1, and 78.0% of the total oil, respectively. origanum majorana (marjoram) oil was constituted of hydrocarbons (42.1%), alcohols (24.3%), and phenols (14.2%). the essential oil from lavandula angustifolia mill ... | 2000 | 10888587 |
| chemical composition of turmeric oil--a byproduct from turmeric oleoresin industry and its inhibitory activity against different fungi. | curcumin, the yellow coloring pigment of turmeric is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin known as curcumin removed turmeric oleoresin (crto) was extracted three times with n-hexane at room temperature for 30 min to obtain turmeric oil. the turmeric oil was subjected to fractional distillation under vacuum to get two fractions. these fractions were tested for antifugal activity against aspergillus flavus, a. parasiticus, fusa ... | 2001 | 11302211 |
| fungitoxic activity of 12 essential oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens: chemical analysis of thymus capitatus oil and its effect in subatmospheric pressure conditions. | the fungitoxic activity against penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum, botrytis cinerea, and alternaria citri of 12 essential oils (eos) distilled from medicinal plants is reported. the results of the in vitro trials show strong fungitoxic activity of thymus capitatus (l.) hofmgg eos, which inhibited the growth of the four fungi at a concentration of 250 ppm (vol/vol). the other 11 essences reduced the development of the fungi from 95 to 9% at 250 ppm (vol/vol). the fungitoxic activity of ... | 2001 | 11456187 |
| production of the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans strain cpa-2 using commercial products and by-products. | the aim of this paper was to find the nitrogen and carbon sources that provide maximum biomass production of strain cpa-2 of the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans and minimum cost of media, whilst maintaining biocontrol efficacy. to reduce the cost of media, commercial products and by-products were tested. p. agglomerans can be produced using a combination of nitrogen sources such as yeast extract (5 g l(-1)) and dry beer yeast (10 g l(-1)) with inexpensive carbohydrates such as sucrose (10 g ... | 2001 | 11549003 |
| survival of pantoea agglomerans strain cpa-2 in a spray-drying process. | spray drying could be a suitable method for preserving microorganisms, as it allows large quantities of cultures to be dried at low cost. the aims of this paper were to evaluate the effects of spray-drying conditions on survival of the biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans cpa-2, which has shown antifungal activity against penicillium expansum and penicillium digitatum on citrus fruits. various compounds cited in the bibliography as carriers were tested in our spray drying, and some salts (mgso4, ... | 2002 | 11808793 |
| effect of package and storage conditions on viability and efficacy of the freeze-dried biocontrol agent pantoea agglomerans strain cpa-2. | to reduce concentrations of protective and rehydrating media and to evaluate the effect of storage temperature, packaging and atmosphere conditions on the stability of freeze-dried pantoea agglomerans cells. efficacy against penicillium digitatum of freeze-dried cells in orange fruits was also evaluated. | 2002 | 11972691 |
| identification of novel hexapeptides bioactive against phytopathogenic fungi through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library. | the purpose of the present study was to improve the antifungal activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi of the previously identified hexapeptide paf19. we describe some properties of a set of novel synthetic hexapeptides whose d-amino acid sequences were obtained through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library in a positional scanning format. as a result of the screening, 12 putative bioactive peptides were identified, synthesized, and assayed. the peptides paf26 (ac-rkkwfw ... | 2002 | 11976121 |
| a novel abc transporter gene, pmr5, is involved in multidrug resistance in the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum. | we have cloned a novel abc transporter gene pmr5 from the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum by rt-pcr using degenerate primers. the deduced amino acid sequence of pmr5 showed 37% identity to pmr1 from the same fungus, 71% identity to atrb from aspergillus nidulans, and 65% identity to bcatrb from botrytis cinerea. disruption mutants for pmr5 were generated in two independent p. digitatum strains and their phenotypes were characterized. these mutants displayed increased sensitivity to ... | 2002 | 11976961 |
| evaluation of food additives and low-toxicity compounds as alternative chemicals for the control of penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum on citrus fruit. | the effectiveness of low-toxicity chemicals as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of post-harvest green and blue moulds of citrus was evaluated. a preliminary selection of chemicals, mostly common food additives, was made through in vivo primary screenings with oranges artificially inoculated with penicillium digitatum or p italicum. selected compounds and mixtures were tested as heated solutions in small-scale trials. immersion of artificially inoculated oranges or le ... | 2002 | 11997972 |
| sensitivity of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens to the lytic peptides, msi-99, magainin ii, and cecropin b. | in vitro and leaf disk assays of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were conducted using three cationic lytic peptides, msi-99, magainin ii (mii), and cecropin b (cb). growth of bacterial organisms was retarded or completely inhibited by low concentrations of these lytic peptides. the peptides also significantly reduced germination of fungal spores and growth of mycelia; however, higher concentrations of peptides were needed to inhibit fungal growth compared with those needed to inhibit bacter ... | 2002 | 12118886 |
| effects of root-dip treatment with certain phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on the fusarial wilt of tomato. | root-dip application of bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, aspergillus awamori, aspergillus niger and penicillium digitatum resulted in significant decline in the rhizosphere population of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. a significant decrease in the severity of wilt occurred with a. awamori (37.1%) and p. digitatum (21.3%) compared to the control. root-dip treatment with the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms tested resulted in significant increase in the yield of tomato, bei ... | 2002 | 12227549 |
| penicillium digitatum metabolites on synthetic media and citrus fruits. | penicillium digitatum has been cultured on citrus fruits and yeast extract sucrose agar media (yes). cultivation of fungal cultures on solid medium allowed the isolation of two novel tryptoquivaline-like metabolites, tryptoquialanine a (1) and tryptoquialanine b (2), also biosynthesized on citrus fruits. their structural elucidation is described on the basis of their spectroscopic data, including those from 2d nmr experiments. the analysis of the biomass sterols led to the identification of 8-12 ... | 2002 | 12381117 |
| in vitro efficacy of plant volatiles for inhibiting the growth of fruit and vegetable decay microorganisms. | the effects of acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone, beta-ionone, and ethyl formate vapors on the growth of rhizopus stolonifer, penicillium digitatum, colletotrichum musae, erwinia carotovora, and pseudomonas aeruginosa on agar medium were evaluated. the aldehydes were found to be the strongest growth inhibitors and the most lethal to the fungal spores and mycelia and bacterial cells. the average minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of a ... | 2002 | 12381119 |
| enhanced production of verbenol, a highly valued food flavourant, by an intergeneric fusant strain of aspergillus niger and penicillium digitatum. | an intergeneric hybrid, obtained from aspergillus niger and penicillium digitatum, biotransformed (-)-cis-alpha-pinene (5 mg/25 ml) into (-)-cis-verbenol (60%; 1.08 mg/g of biomass) in 6 h compared with 0.18 mg/g of biomass for verbenol (10-15%; 0.18-0.27 mg/g of biomass) in the initial parent cultures. | 2003 | 12630902 |
| effect of water activity and temperature on germination and growth of penicillium digitatum, p. italicum and geotrichum candidum. | this study compares the effect of temperature (4-37 degrees c) and water activity (aw: 0.99-0.87) and their interactions on the germination rates, lag times prior to germination and mycelial growth 'in vitro' of penicillium digitatum, p. italicum and geotrichum candidum, the main postharvest pathogens affecting citrus fruits. | 2003 | 12631189 |
| inhibition of citrus postharvest pathogens by vapor of citral and related compounds in culture. | the vapors of citral, its isomers geranial and neral, and its related compounds were examined for their effect on penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum, and geotrichum candidum, the major fungi responsible for postharvest spoilage of citrus. vapor of citral and its two isomers generated from 15 microl l(-1) aqueous solutions in petri dishes inhibited development of the three pathogens, with concentrations of 2-6 microl l(-1) also being effective against p. italicum. vapors of citral and ge ... | 2003 | 12696950 |
| the effect of under- and overexpressed coexg1-encoded exoglucanase secreted by candida oleophila on the biocontrol of penicillium digitatum. | the yeast, candida oleophila, is acknowledged for its biocontrol activity against postharvest moulds. however, the mechanism of this activity is not fully understood. one of the conjectured modes of action is associated with extracellular lytic enzymes, such as beta-exoglucanase. the relationship of beta-exoglucanase in the biocontrol activity of c. oleophila was investigated by generating c. oleophila coexg1-knockouts and double-coexg1 transformants. the knockout transformants secreted 0-13% of ... | 2003 | 12845603 |
| ethylene production by subcellular particles from rat liver, rat intestinal mucosa and penicillium digitatum. | | 1963 | 13990609 |
| comparison of the activity of antifungal hexapeptides and the fungicides thiabendazole and imazalil against postharvest fungal pathogens. | in this study, we evaluated the activity of short antimicrobial peptides against different fungal isolates that cause postharvest decay of fresh fruits. the previously identified hexapeptides paf19, paf26 and lfcinb4-9 inhibited the in vitro growth of isolates from penicillium digitatum and p. italicum, and from alternaria and geotrichum genera, being no active against rhizopus, mucor and aspergillus. the results extend our previous observations on the specific and distinct activity profiles of ... | 2003 | 14623382 |
| effect of water activity and temperature on competing abilities of common postharvest citrus fungi. | the effect of temperature (4-30 degrees c) and water activity (a(w), 0.995-0.90) on the 'in vitro' interactions between penicillium digitatum, penicillium italicum and geotrichum candidum were evaluated. the effect of temperature on growth of green and blue mould decays and their interactions on wounded oranges was also studied. the major competing abilities were observed at optimal conditions of temperature and a(w) for growth (25 degrees c and 0.995 a(w)), and no differences between growth rat ... | 2004 | 14672832 |
| characterization of extracellular lytic enzymes produced by the yeast biocontrol agent candida oleophila. | the yeast candida oleophila, the base of the commercial product aspire, is recommended for the control of postharvest decay of citrus and pome fruit. competition for nutrients and space is believed to be the major mode of action. involvement of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes is also suggested to play a role in the mechanism of action of yeast antagonists. the present study showed that the yeast c. oleophila is capable of producing and secreting various cell wall-degrading enzymes, including ... | 2004 | 14716497 |
| combining pantoea agglomerans (cpa-2) and curing treatments to control established infections of penicillium digitatum on lemons. | the effectiveness of the strain cpa-2 of pantoea agglomerans alone or in combination with a curing treatment at 33 degrees c for 65 h to control green mold was evaluated on lemons stored at ambient temperature and in cold storage. an application of p. agglomerans at 2 x 10(8) cfu/ml effectively reduced green mold incidence on recently inoculated lemons stored at temperatures from 5 to 25 degrees c. moreover, a 30-s immersion of lemons in a p. agglomerans suspension at 2 x 10(8) cfu/ml significan ... | 2004 | 15083731 |
| n-benzoyl-n'-alkylthioureas and their complexes with ni(ii), co(iii) and pt(ii) - crystal structure of 3-benzoyl-1-butyl-1-methyl-thiourea: activity against fungi and yeast. | the thiourea derivatives of n-butylmethylamine (3-benzoyl-1-butyl-1-methyl-thiourea) (1), n-ethylisopropylamine (3-benzoyl-1-ethyl-1-isopropyl-thiourea) (2) and the corresponding complexes of 1 and 2 with ni(ii), co(iii) and pt(ii) have been synthesized. the compounds obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (ft-ir, uv-vis and nmr) and mass spectrometry. compound 1, crystallized in the triclinic space group. the antifungal activities of compounds 1 and 2 and their ... | 2004 | 15271506 |
| modelling the effect of ethanol on growth rate of food spoilage moulds. | the effect of ethanol (e) on the radial growth rate (mu) of food spoilage moulds (aspergillus candidus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, cladosporium cladosporioides, eurotium herbariorum, mucor circinelloides, mucor racemosus, paecilomyces variotii, penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum, rhizopus oryzae and trichoderma harzianum) was assessed in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium at a(w) 0.99, 25 degrees c. in order to model this effect, the monod type equation described previousl ... | 2005 | 15698687 |
| efficacy assessment of candida oleophila (strain o) and pichia anomala (strain k) against major postharvest diseases of citrus fruits in morocco. | two yeasts, candida oleophila (strain o) and pichia anomala (strain k), were previously selected for their antagonistic activity against postharvest diseases on apples and pears. the objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of both antagonistic yeast's against wound postharvest pathogens of citrus fruits. the efficacy of both strains (applied at 10(5), 10(6) and 10(8) cfu/ml) was assessed against penicillium digitatum and p. italicum inoculated after one hour (at a concentration of 1 ... | 2004 | 15756846 |
| [penicillium-inhibiting yeasts]. | the objective of this work was to establish the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of post-harvest pathogenic moulds by yeasts in order to make a biocontrol product. post-harvest pathogenic moulds penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. ulaiense, phyllosticta sp., galactomyces geotrichum and yeasts belonging to genera brettanomyces, candida, cryptococcus, kloeckera, pichia, rhodotorula were isolated from citrus fruits. some yeasts strains were also isolated from other sources. the yeasts were identi ... | 2004 | 15786872 |
| isolation, identification and antifungal susceptibility of lemon pathogenic and non pathogenic fungi. | numerous species of filamentous fungi were isolated from lemon on different plantations in the province of tucuman, argentina. the techniques suggested by the subcommittee of antifungal susceptibility of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards, (usa) were adapted. the effect of three different concentrations of the fungicides imazalil, guazatine, sopp and thiabendazole on the fungi fusarium oxysporum, fusarium moniliforme, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus clava ... | 2005 | 15813686 |
| sodium carbonate treatment induces scoparone accumulation, structural changes, and alkalinization in the albedo of wounded citrus fruits. | following sodium carbonate treatment, accumulation of scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) but not scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) was found in the albedo of wounded fruit from different citrus sp. and cultivars. treating wounded mandarin fruit cv. fairchild with 5% na(2)co(3) (sc) lead to a scoparone accumulation in the albedo of 310, 361, and 382 microg g(-1) fresh weight after 7, 10, and 15 days, respectively. scoparone accumulation was associated with a decrease in decay severity. when ... | 2005 | 15853395 |
| chemical characterization and antifungal activity of essential oil of capitula from wild indian tagetes patula l. | the essential oil extracted by steam distillation from the capitula of indian tagetes patula, asteraceae, was evaluated for its antifungal properties and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. thirty compounds were identified, representing 89.1% of the total detected. the main components were piperitone (24.74%), piperitenone (22.93%), terpinolene (7.8%), dihydro tagetone (4.91%), cis-tagetone (4.62%), limonene (4.52%), and allo-ocimene (3.66%). the oil exerted ... | 2005 | 15868213 |
| regio- and stereoselective fungal oxyfunctionalisation of limonenes. | selective transformations of limonene by asco- and basidiomycetes were investigated. on the shake flask scale, penicillium citrinum hydrated r-(+)-limonene to a-terpineol [83% regioselectivity (rs), more than 80 mg l(-1) product yield], and gongronella butleri catalysed the terminal oxidation to yield perillyl alcohol (60% rs, 16 mg l(-1)). on the laboratory bioreactor scale, penicillium digitatum produced a peak concentration of 506 mg a-terpineol l(-1) in the fed-batch mode, equivalent to a th ... | 2005 | 16042348 |
| residue level, persistence, and storage performance of citrus fruit treated with fludioxonil. | the potential of postharvest dip treatments with fludioxonil (flu) (a synthetic analogue of the bacterial metabolite of pyrrolnitrin), in controlling postharvest decay caused by penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum of citrus fruit was investigated in comparison with the conventional fungicide imazalil (imz). the ultrastructural changes of fruit epicuticular wax was investigated as a function of water dip temperature, and the possible role of these changes was related to residue accumul ... | 2005 | 16104790 |
| potential for development of tolerance by penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum after repeated exposure to potassium sorbate. | two strains of penicillium digitatum and one strain of penicillium italicum were exposed to various levels of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate, and the mics were determined. selected strains of the molds were then repeatedly exposed to subinhibitory levels of the compounds to determine whether increased tolerance might develop. the mic of sorbic acid (ph 4.75) to p. digitatum was between 0.02 and 0.025%. the mic of sorbate (ph 5.5) to two strains of p. digitatum and p. italicum was found to be ... | 1985 | 16346920 |
| biological and physical approaches to improve induced resistance against green mold of stored citrus fruit. | health and environmental concerns have point out the need to improve or change several manufacturing steps in the food chain. in this context particular attention should be given to the technologies involved in fruits and vegetables production. nearly all fresh fruit and vegetables are subjected to different periods of storage and/or shelf-life before of their consumption. this implies the need to protect the commodities from microbial spoilage. some citrus species (e.g. lemon and grapefruit) ma ... | 2005 | 16637204 |
| inhibition of ethylene production by rhizobitoxine. | rhizobitoxine, an inhibitor of methionine biosynthesis in salmonella typhimurium, inhibited ethylene production about 75% in light-grown sorghum seedlings and in senescent apple tissue. ethylene production stimulated by indoleacetic acid and kinetin in sorghum was similarly inhibited. with both apple and sorghum, the inhibition could only be partially relieved by additions of methionine. a methionine analogue, alpha-keto-gamma-methylthiobutyric acid, which has been suggested as an intermediate b ... | 1971 | 16657720 |
| residue levels and effectiveness of pyrimethanil vs imazalil when using heated postharvest dip treatments for control of penicillium decay on citrus fruit. | the influence of fungicide concentration and treatment temperature on residue levels of pyrimethanil (pyr) in comparison with the commonly used fungicide imazalil (imz) was investigated in orange fruits following postharvest dip treatments. the dissipation rate of pyr residues was recorded as a function of storage conditions. the fungicide efficacy against green and blue molds caused by penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum, respectively, was evaluated on different citrus varieties foll ... | 2006 | 16787020 |
| residues of the quinone outside inhibitor fungicide trifloxystrobin after postharvest dip treatments to control penicillium spp. on citrus fruit. | the effectiveness of postharvest dip treatment with trifloxystrobin (tfx) or imazalil (imz) was compared for controlling green and blue mold (caused by penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum, respectively) of citrus fruit. residues retained by fruit were determined as a function of treatment time, dip temperature, and storage conditions. trials on 'avana apireno' mandarin oranges artificially inoculated with p. digitatum or p. italicum revealed that treatments with 200 to 600 mg/liter ac ... | 2006 | 16865899 |
| in vitro effects of water activity, temperature and solutes on the growth rate of p. italicum wehmer and p. digitatum sacc. | to evaluate the effect of water activity (a(w) 0.98-0.89, adjusted with glycerol, sorbitol, glucose, or nacl) and temperature (5-25 degrees c) on the lag phase and radial growth rate (mm day(-1)) of the important citrus spoilage fungi, such as penicillium italicum and penicillium digitatum grown in potato dextrose agar (pda) medium. to select, among models based on the use of different solutes, a model fitting accurately the growth of these species in relation to a(w) and temperature. | 2006 | 16907813 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt) seeds. | in screening for potent antimicrobial proteins from plant seeds, a novel heat-stable antimicrobial protein, designated ljamp2, was purified from seeds of the motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt), a medicine herb, with a procedure involving cation exchange chromatography on a cm ff column, and reverse phase hplcs on c8 column and c18 column. ljamp2 exhibited a molecular mass of 6.2 kda determined. automated edman degradation determined the partial n-terminal sequence of ljamp2 to be nh2-aigcntva ... | 2006 | 16979797 |
| biocontrol of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, g2, and fumonisin b1 with 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, a phytoalexin from citrus sinensis. | phytoalexins (stress-induced compounds) from citrus sinensis cultivar valencia were screened for antifungal and antimycotoxic activity against a test organism (cladosporium cladosporoides) and mycotoxin-producing fungi fusarium verticillioides and aspergillus parasiticus. the active compound, a member of the coumarin family of compounds, has antifungal and antimycotoxic activities and was chemically identified. high-performance liquid chromatography results indicated that valencia oranges contai ... | 2006 | 16995528 |
| studies on the mode of action of the antifungal hexapeptide paf26. | the small antimicrobial peptide paf26 (ac-rkkwfw-nh(2)) has been identified by a combinatorial approach and shows preferential activity toward filamentous fungi. in this work, we investigated the mode of action and inhibitory effects of paf26 on the fungus penicillium digitatum. the dye sytox green was used to demonstrate that paf26 induced cell permeation. however, microscopic observations showed that sub-mic concentrations of paf26 produced both alterations of hyphal morphology (such as altere ... | 2006 | 17065623 |
| activity and mode of action against fungal phytopathogens of bovine lactoferricin-derived peptides. | to evaluate the activity against fungal phytopathogens of two synthetic peptides derived from the protein bovine lactoferricin: the antibacterial active core of six amino acid residues (lfcinb(20-25)) and an extension of 15 amino acids (lfcinb(17-31)). | 2006 | 17105549 |
| antimicrobial properties of derivatives of the cationic tryptophan-rich hexapeptide paf26. | short antimicrobial peptides represent an alternative to fight pathogen infections. paf26 is a hexapeptide identified previously by a combinatorial approach against the fungus penicillium digitatum and shows antimicrobial properties towards certain phytopathogenic fungi. in this work, paf26 was used as lead compound and its properties were compared with two series of derivatives, obtained by either systematic alanine substitution or n-terminal amino acid addition. the alanine scan approach under ... | 2007 | 17222805 |
| induction of phytoalexins biosynthesis in orange fruit by the biocontrol yeast rhodotorula glutinis. | the biocontrol yeast rhodotorula glutinis, isolate 21a, obtained from tomato fruit was used to control penicillium digitatum, p. italicum and botrytis cinerea on artificially wounded citrus fruit. orange and satsuma mandarin fruit were treated with the biocontrol yeast, inoculated with the pathogens and stored for 7 days at 23 degrees c. on orange fruit the antagonist compared to the control reduced decay by 92.2, 88.4 and 96.2% for p. digitatum, p. italicum and b. cinerea, respectively. on sats ... | 2006 | 17390839 |
| inhibitory activity of 2-deoxy-d-glucose and candida saitoana against penicillium digitatum. | the toxic activity of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) alone or combined with the biocontrol yeast candida saitoana strain 8c was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against the postharvest fungal pathogen penicillium digitatum. in order to assess the effect of the 2-dg on both the biocontrol yeast and fungal pathogen, in vitro tests were performed in petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar amended with different concentrations (1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 15.0, 30.0, 60.0 mm) of the sugar. the plates were then seed ... | 2006 | 17390841 |
| effect of fluorescent pseudomonades and trichoderma sp. and their combination with two chemicals on penicillium digitatum caused agent of citrus green mold. | citrus green mold (penicillium digitatum) causes economic losses. chemical fungicides such as imazalil provide the primary means for controlling green mold decay of citrus fruits. continuous use of fungicides has faced two major obstacles- increasing public concern regarding contamination of perishables with fungicidal residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. the aim of this research was to determine if the attacks of green mold on orange could be reduced by usage o ... | 2006 | 17390894 |
| in vitro inhibition of postharvest pathogens of fruit and control of gray mold of strawberry and green mold of citrus by aureobasidin a. | aureobasidin a (aba), an antifungal cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic produced by aureobasidium pullulans r106, has previously been shown to be effective against a wide range of fungi and protozoa. here we report the inhibitory effects of aba on spore germination, germ tuber elongation and hyphal growth of five pathogenic fungi including penicillium digitatum, p. italicum, p. expansum, botrytis cinerea and monilinia fructicola, which are major pathogens causing postharvest diseases of a variety of ... | 2007 | 17765990 |
| antimicrobial activity of wax and hexane extracts from citrus spp. peels. | antibacterial and antifungal properties of wax and hexane extracts of citrus spp. peels were tested using bioautographic and microdilution techniques against three plant pathogenic fungi (penicillium digitatum, curvularia sp., and colletotrichum sp.), two human pathogens (trichophyton mentagrophytes and microsporum canis), and two opportunistic bacteria (escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus). two polymethoxylated flavonoids and a coumarin derivative, were isolated and identified from peel ... | 2007 | 17923995 |
| expression and homology modeling of sterol 14alpha-demethylase from penicillium digitatum. | green mold of citrus, caused by penicillium digitatum, is the most serious postharvest disease of citrus. sterol 14alpha-demethylase (cyp51) is one of the key enzymes of sterol biosynthesis in biological kingdoms and is a prime target of antifungal drugs. to exploit novel 14alpha-demethylase inhibitor (dmi) fungicides, dna and total rna were isolated from p. digitatum. the cyp51 of p. digitatum was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, yielding recombinant protein with a molecular weight of ... | 2007 | 17986082 |
| overexpression of an endochitinase gene (then-42) in trichoderma atroviride for increased production of antifungal enzymes and enhanced antagonist action against pathogenic fungi. | trichoderma is one of the most promising biocontrol agents against plant fungal diseases. in this study, a transgenic strain of trichoderma atroviride was characterized. the transgenic strain contains an endochitinase gene (then-42) driven by the cellulase promoter cbh1 of t. reesei for overexpression of then-42. the culture filtrates of the transformant and the parental strain grown in eight different media were evaluated for chitinase and antifungal enzyme production based on activity gels, pr ... | 2007 | 18025571 |
| evaluation of chitosans and pichia guillermondii as growth inhibitors of penicillium digitatum. | chitosans were obtained by room-temperature-homogeneous-deacetylation (rthd) and freeze-pump-out-thaw-heterogeneous-deacetylation (fpt) from chitins purified from fermentations. commercial chitosan was deacetylated by three-fpt-cycles. chitosans and pichia guillermondii were evaluated on the growth of penicillium digitatum. medium molecular weight (m(w)) chitosans displayed higher inhibitory activity against the yeast than low m(w) biopolymers. chitosans with low degree of acetylation (da) were ... | 2008 | 18031804 |
| evaluation of production of some antifungal metabolites by fluorescent pseudomonads in vitro and their inhibitory effect on penicillium digitatum in semi-commercial condition. | epiphytic fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from the surfaces of citrus leaves and fruits collected from the citrus orchards located in the north of iran were screened for antagonistic activity against penicillium digitatum caused agent of green mold of citrus fruit. 9 isolates revealed antagonistic effect in dual culture and then evaluated for production of antimicrobial metabolites such as production hydrogen cyanide on king's b medium containing glycine, production of siderophore on blue cas- ... | 2007 | 18396831 |
| in vitro evaluation of penicillium digitatum sacc strains sensitivity to various fungicides from jordan. | this investigation is the first report in jordan, aimed for in vitro evaluation of six fungicides and their combinations, to control the post harvest green mold (penicillium digitatum) of citrus fruits. thirty one different concentrations (0.01-3000 microg ml(-1)) of each fungicide, in addition to 6 combined concentrations from each of 7 fungicide mixtures, were tested using agar well diffusion method against four fungal strains. regression analysis, one way anova and post hoc multiple compariso ... | 2008 | 18819638 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum. | agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) system was assessed for conducting insertional mutagenesis in penicillium digitatum, a major fungal pathogen infecting post-harvest citrus fruits. a transformation efficiency of up to 60 transformants per 10(6) conidia was achieved by this system. the integration of the hph gene into the fungal genome was verified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing. these transformants tested were also shown to be mitotically s ... | 2008 | 18837111 |
| induction of resistance to penicillium digitatum in grapefruit by the yeast biocontrol agent candida oleophila. | abstract the yeast candida oleophila, the base of the commercial product aspire, is recommended for the control of postharvest decay in citrus and pome fruit. its modes of action include nutrient competition, site exclusion, and direct mycoparasitism. in the present study, we showed that application of candida oleophila to surface wounds or to intact 'marsh seedless' grapefruit elicited systemic resistance against penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit. the inductio ... | 2002 | 18942952 |
| characterization of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil resistance in field isolates of penicillium digitatum. | genetic and biochemical mechanisms of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil resistance in isolates of penicillium digitatum were evaluated and compared to those characterized in other fungi. resistant isolates were naturally occurring in packinghouses and were not associated with crop losses. for the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil, ec50 values were 0.02 to 0.04 microg/ml for sensitive, 0.08 to 0.65 microg/ml for moderately resistant (mr), and > 40 microg/ml for highly resistant (hr) isolates. two fludioxonil- ... | 2008 | 18943197 |
| penicillium digitatum suppresses production of hydrogen peroxide in host tissue during infection of citrus fruit. | abstract during the infection of citrus fruit by penicillium digitatum there is little evidence of a host defense response. this suggests that p. digitatum has the ability to suppress host defenses. the current study demonstrates that p. digitatum suppresses a defense-related hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) burst in host tissue. in contrast, the nonhost pathogen, penicillium expansum, triggers production of a significant amount of h(2)o(2) in citrus fruit exocarp. using laser scanning confocal micr ... | 2007 | 18943520 |
| influence of cacl(2) on penicillium digitatum, grapefruit peel tissue, and biocontrol activity of pichia guilliermondii. | abstract interactions between cacl(2), grapefruit peel tissue, penicillium digitatum, and the yeast antagonist pichia guilliermondii strain us-7 were investigated. application of 68 or 136 mm cacl(2) to grapefruit surface wounds reduced the incidence of green mold caused by penicillium digitatum by 43 to 52%. in laboratory tests, a cell suspension (10(7) cells/ml) of pichia guilliermondii containing either 68 or 136 mm cacl(2) reduced the incidence of green mold from 27 to 3%. in large scale tes ... | 1997 | 18945174 |
| inhibition of penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite films containing food additives with antifungal properties. | new hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc)-lipid edible composite films containing low-toxicity chemicals with antifungal properties were developed. tested chemicals were mainly salts of organic acids, salts of parabens, and mineral salts, classified as food additives or generally recognized as safe (gras) compounds. selected films containing food preservatives were used for in vitro evaluation (disk diameter test) of their antifungal activity against penicillium digitatum (pd) and penicillium ita ... | 2008 | 19012404 |
| [anti-fungi activity of organic extracts from the tree fagara monophylla (rutaceae) in venezuela]. | the tree fagara monophylla ranges throughout tropical america. the genus fagara has a diversity of alkaloid compounds with antibiotic properties; nevertheless, there are few reports antifungal activity of its organic compounds. organic extracts from venezuelan f. monophylla were tested for antimicrobial activity against aspergillus terreus, a. flavus, penicillium digitatum, p. funiculosum, p. citrinum, paecilomyces and candida albicans. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined. the ... | 2007 | 19086382 |
| isolation and characterisation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrading fungi from a historically contaminated soil. | abstract: | 2009 | 19138404 |
| curative and preventive activity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite coatings containing antifungal food additives to control citrus postharvest green and blue molds. | edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc), lipid components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives with antifungal properties were evaluated in vivo on clementine mandarins cv. clemenules, hybrid mandarins cv. ortanique, and oranges cv. valencia. their curative and preventive activity against citrus postharvest green (gm) and blue molds (bm), caused by penicillium digitatum (pd) or penicillium italicum (pi), respectively, were determined. fruits were artifici ... | 2009 | 19256514 |
| a molecular mechanism of azoxystrobin resistance in penicillium digitatum uv mutants and a pcr-based assay for detection of azoxystrobin-resistant strains in packing- or store-house isolates. | sixty-five isolates of pencillium digitatum (pers.:fr) sacc., a causative agent of green mold of postharvest citrus, were collected from various locations in zhejiang province in 2000, 2005 and 2006, and assayed for their sensitivity to the quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicide azoxystrobin. the results showed that azoxystrobin is highly effective against p. digitatum, in vitro, and that the effective concentrations resulting in reduction of conidial germination and mycelial growth by 50% (e ... | 2009 | 19307035 |
| improved monoterpene biotransformation with penicillium sp. by use of a closed gas loop bioreactor. | a closed gas loop bioprocess was developed to improve fungal biotransformation of monoterpenes. by circulating monoterpene-saturated process gas, the evaporative loss of the volatile precursor from the medium during the biotransformation was avoided. penicillium solitum, isolated from kiwi, turned out to be highly tolerant towards monoterpenes and to convert alpha-pinene to a range of products including verbenone, a valuable aroma compound. the gas loop was mandatory to reproduce the production ... | 2009 | 19322596 |
| influence of post-harvest application rates of cyprodinil, treatment time and temperature on residue levels and efficacy in controlling green mould on 'valencia' oranges. | the effectiveness of heat treatments with water and cyprodinil in controlling post-harvest green mould caused by penicillium digitatum was investigated on artificially inoculated 'valencia' oranges. residue levels of cyprodinil were determined in the oranges as a function of active ingredient concentration, temperature and treatment time. cyprodinil residues were significantly dependent on treatment time when applied at 600 mg l(-1) and 20 degrees c, but not when fruit were treated at 150-300 mg ... | 2009 | 19680978 |
| synergistic antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and cupric sulfate against penicillium digitatum. | oxidizing compounds such as sodium hypochlorite (nacio) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) are widely used in food sanitization because of their antimicrobial effects. we applied these compounds and metals to analyze their antifungal activity against penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus green mold. the mics were 300 ppm for naclo and 300 mm for h2o2 when these compounds were individually applied for 2 min to conidia suspensions. to minimize the concentration of these compounds, we develop ... | 2009 | 19722397 |
| preparation of fungal conidia impacts their susceptibility to inactivation by ethanol vapours. | a common protocol employed for the preparation of conidia employs flooding a fungal colony grown on semi-solid media under optimum conditions with an aqueous solution. in contrast, conidia produced in a natural environment are usually not hydrated when disseminated in air and can be produced under water stress. in order to simulate the latter conditions, cultures were grown at different water activities and conidia were dry-harvested on the lid by turning the dishes upside-down then gently tappi ... | 2009 | 19762103 |
| use of the weibull model to describe inactivation of dry-harvested conidia of different penicillium species by ethanol vapours. | this study aimed at modelling the effect of ethanol vapours, in the range 0.7-7.5 kpa, on the inactivation of dry-harvested conidia of penicillium chrysogenum, penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum. | 2010 | 20070448 |
| structure-based rational screening of novel hit compounds with structural diversity for cytochrome p450 sterol 14alpha-demethylase from penicillium digitatum. | cytochrome p450 sterol 14alpha-demethylases (cyp51s) are essential enzymes in sterol biosynthesis and well-known as the target of antifungal drugs. all fungal cyp51s are integral membrane proteins, making structural and biophysical characterization more challenging. the x-ray crystallographic structure of cyp51 isolated from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mt-cyp51) is the unique reported one hitherto. in the present study, a homology modeling three-dimensional structure of cyp51 from penicillium di ... | 2010 | 20088581 |
| treatments with acetic acid followed by curing reduce postharvest decay on citrus fruit. | citrus fruit are susceptible to many postharvest diseases and disorders, but penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum are the most common and serious pathogens during storage and marketing. the continuous employ in packing houses of synthetic fungicides such as imazalil (imz) or thiabendazote for the control of these pathogens is promoting the selection of resistant biotypes. these considerations together with an increased attention for human health and the environment have multiplied the ... | 2009 | 20222556 |
| optimised expression and spectral analysis of the target enzyme cyp51 from penicillium digitatum with possible new dmi fungicides. | sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51), a key target of azole (dmi) fungicides, can be expressed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. green mould of citrus, caused by penicillium digitatum (pers.) sacc., is a serious post-harvest disease. to develop specific and more effective fungicides against this disease, the characteristics of the interaction between sterol 14α-demethylase from p. digitatum (pdcyp51) and possible new fungicides were analysed. the cyp51 gene of p. digitatum was cloned and expressed u ... | 2010 | 20824690 |
| microbial transformation of citral by penicillium sp.. | thymol is present in the essential oils from herbs and spices, such as thyme. it is produced by these plant species as a chemical defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms. therefore, this compound has attracted great attention in food industry, i.e., it has been used as a natural preservative in foods such as cheese to prevent fungal growth. previous studies concerning the biotransformation of nerol by penicillium sp. and microbial transformation of citral by sporulated surface cultures me ... | 2010 | 20842292 |
| inhibition of penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum in vitro and in planta with panomycocin, a novel exo-β-1,3-glucanase isolated from pichia anomala ncyc 434. | panomycocin, a novel exo-beta 1,3 glucanase, was tested as an antifungal agent against green and blue mold diseases, the most important causes of post harvest decay in citrus fruits. all tested isolates of penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum were susceptible to panomycocin in vitro. effective panomycocin concentrations for 50% growth inhibition (mic-2) for p. digitatum and p. italicum were 2 and 1 microg ml(-1), respectively. complete (mic-0) growth inhibition of all isolates observed ... | 2010 | 21076971 |
| chemical composition and in vitro activity of plant extracts from ferula communis and dittrichia viscosa against postharvest fungi. | f. communis and d. viscosa are perennial mediterranean weeds that have been used for different therapeutic purposes in traditional pharmacopeia. plant extracts were obtained from air dried d. viscosa young shoots (dva) and f. communis aerial part (fca) and roots (fcr) with n-hexane. the chemical compositions of the extracts were analyzed by hplc-dad, lc-ms (esi) and lc-q-tof techniques. two sesquiterpene lactones (inuviscolide, tomentosin) and three sesquiterpene acids (costic acid, hydroxycosti ... | 2011 | 21441864 |
| terpene down-regulation in orange reveals the role of fruit aromas in mediating interactions with insect herbivores and pathogens. | plants use volatile terpene compounds as odor cues for communicating with the environment. fleshy fruits are particularly rich in volatiles that deter herbivores and attract seed dispersal agents. we have investigated how terpenes in citrus fruit peels affect the interaction between the plant, insects, and microorganisms. because limonene represents up to 97% of the total volatiles in orange (citrus sinensis) fruit peel, we chose to down-regulate the expression of a limonene synthase gene in ora ... | 2011 | 21525333 |
| evaluation of three essential oils as potential sources of botanical fungicides. | in previous study, thirty essential oils were evaluated in vitro against two citrus pathogens namely penicillium italicum wehmer and penicillium digitatum sacc. essential oils of cinnamomum zeylanicum, cinnamomum verum and eugenia caryophyllus were selected because of their high inhibitory activities against both pathogens. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo activity of these essential oils. fresh orange fruits were wounded and treated with different concentrations of essen ... | 2010 | 21534459 |
| synergic interactions between 2-deoxy-d-glucose and candida saitoana enhances citrus green mould control. | the activity of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dg) alone or in combination with a biocontrol yeast (candida saitoana, strain 8c) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against citrus green mould (penicillium digitatum sacc.). the in vitro assays were performed on amended potato dextrose agar (pda) containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 15.0, 30.0 or 60.0 mm of 2-dg. p. digitatum conidia were sown on the amended media and growth inhibition occurred starting from 6.0 mm. a nearly total inhibition of the growth and spore ... | 2010 | 21534462 |
| effect of antifungal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite coatings on penicillium decay development and postharvest quality of cold-stored "ortanique" mandarins. | edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc), hydrophobic components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives with antifungal properties were evaluated on "ortanique" mandarins during long-term cold storage. selected food preservatives included potassium sorbate (ps), sodium benzoate (sb), sodium propionate (sp), and their mixtures. intact mandarins or mandarins artificially inoculated with the pathogens penicillium digitatum and penicillium italicum, the causal a ... | 2010 | 21535515 |
| proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria strains and fungal biota for potential use as starter cultures in dry-cured ham. | during the processing of dry-cured meat products, sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins undergo proteolysis, which has a marked effect on product flavor. microbial proteolytic activity is due to the action of mostly lactic acid bacteria (lab) and to a lesser extent micrococci. the proteolytic capacity of molds in various meat products is of interest to meat processors in the mediterranean area. eleven lab and mold strains from different commercial origins were tested for proteolytic activity ag ... | 2011 | 21549056 |