| the digestive tract of the whiteback griffon vulture and its role in disease transmission among wild ungulates. | the digestive tract of the whiteback vulture (gyps africanus) is described. some disease organisms were fed to a captive bird to discover if they could survive passage through the tract, and the role of these scavenging birds in the spread of diseases among wild ungulates is discussed. | 1975 | 239254 |
| lead poisoning in a free ranging griffon vulture (gyps fulvus). | | 1997 | 9123798 |
| absence of blood parasites in griffon vultures from spain. | hematozoan parasites were not found on blood smears fron any of 82 griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) examined from spain. these vultures represented samples of diverse temporal and spatial origin, and there was a great disparity in host ages (nestlings to > 5-yr-old adults) and physiological condition (growing, food-stressed, injured, and healthy birds). | 1998 | 9706578 |
| isolation and characterization of unusual mycoplasma spp. from captive eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus) in sicily. | mycoplasmas have been isolated from birds of prey during clinical examinations, but their significance to the health of raptors is unclear. we report the isolation and characterization of four mycoplasmas found in the upper respiratory tract of four sick eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus) that were housed in a sicilian rehabilitation center at ficuzza, near palermo in sicily, before reintroduction into the wild. these included mycoplasma gallinarum, an unidentified mycoplasma highly similar to mycop ... | 2008 | 18263832 |
| an epizootiological study of avian mycoplasmas in southern spain. | an epizootiological study was carried out by investigation of 562 birds for mycoplasmas. the birds belonged to 18 different domestic and wild avian species of the following orders: galliformes, anseriformes, gruiformes, passeriformes, columbiformes, falconiformes, psittasiformes and trogoniformes. eighty nine (15%) of the trachea and oropharynx samples examined were mycoplasma positive and 108 mycoplasma isolates were obtained and identified by the growth inhibition test, using rabbit antisera a ... | 1990 | 18679976 |
| isolation of mycoplasmas from a buzzard, falcons and vultures. | thirteen mycoplasmas were isolated from a peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), two saker falcons (falco cherrug), a buzzard (buteo buteo), a black vulture (aegypius monachus), and two griffon vultures (gypsfuhus). six of them could be identified: mycoplasma gallinarum (three isolates), m. columborale (two isolates) and m. anatis (one isolate). the remaining seven isolates did not react with antisera against the known avian mycoplasma species in the indirect immunofluorescence and growth inhibiti ... | 1990 | 18679987 |
| identification and characterization of novel mycoplasma spp. belonging to the hominis group from griffon vultures. | mycoplasmas are commensals and pathogens of various avian species, and are also regularly found in birds of prey, although their significance to birds' health remains unclear. here we describe two novel mycoplasma isolated from the upper respiratory tract of four eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) housed in a wildlife recovery centre in sardinia (italy). by sequencing the 16s rrna gene and the entire 16s/23s intergenic spacer region, the new strains were classified within the mycoplasma tax ... | 2010 | 20096430 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from portugal. | we report an investigation of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in 52 wild birds and 20 wild mammals from northern and central areas of portugal by using the modified agglutination test. the birds comprised 26 common buzzards (buteo buteo), five tawny owls (strix aluco), four white storks (ceconia ceconia), three eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo), three northern goshawks (accipiter gentilis), two booted eagles (hieraaetus pennatus), two common barn owls (tyto alba), two eurasian sparrowhawks (accipi ... | 2010 | 21104273 |
| presence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum dna in the brain of wild birds. | toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in many avian species and can cause mortality in some bird hosts. although t. gondii has been isolated from various species of birds, the role of many different species of wild birds in the epidemiology of t. gondii remains unknown. neospora caninum, a closely related parasite to t. gondii, has been recently confirmed to infect domestic chickens and wild birds such as house sparrows (passer domesticus). the present study reports the presence of t. gondi ... | 2011 | 21831525 |
| seropositivity and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds from spain. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution that infects many species of warm-blooded animals, including birds. to date, there is scant information about the seropositivity of t. gondii and the risk factors associated with t. gondii infection in wild bird populations. in the present study, t. gondii infection was evaluated on sera obtained from 1079 wild birds belonging to 56 species (including falconiformes (n = 610), strigiformes (n = 260), ciconi ... | 2011 | 22216311 |
| diclofenac residues in blood plasma and tissues of vultures collected from ahmedabad, india. | the study reports residues of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug, in tissues of 11 white-backed vulture, gyps bengalensis collected between 2005 and 2007 and blood plasma of 12 white-backed vulture, four egyptian vulture, neophron percnopterus and two griffon vulture, gyps fulvus collected during 2005. samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatograhy (hplc) equipped with uv detector. one of the white-backed vultures collected during 2005 had substantial urate dep ... | 2010 | 20865242 |
| anticipating knowledge to inform species management: predicting spatially explicit habitat suitability of a colonial vulture spreading its range. | the knowledge of both potential distribution and habitat suitability is fundamental in spreading species to inform in advance management and conservation planning. after a severe decline in the past decades, the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) is now spreading its breeding range towards the northwest in spain and europe. because of its key ecological function, anticipated spatial knowledge is required to inform appropriately both vulture and ecosystem management. | 2010 | 20811501 |
| molecular investigation of the occurrence of coxiella burnetii in wildlife and ticks in an endemic area. | at present few studies have been carried out on the distribution and incidence of coxiella burnetii infection in wildlife. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of c. burnetii in the main wild species in the basque country (northern spain), such as carnivores, cervids, wild boar, lagomorphs and several species of birds. tissues from a total of 601 animals and 340 adult ticks collected from them were analyzed by pcr. dna of c. burnetii was detected in 5.1% of roe de ... | 2011 | 20580169 |
| toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to gyps vultures: a new threat from ketoprofen. | three gyps vulture species are on the brink of extinction in south asia owing to the veterinary non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) diclofenac. carcasses of domesticated ungulates are the main food source for asia's vultures and birds die from kidney failure after consuming diclofenac-contaminated tissues. here, we report on the safety testing of the nsaid ketoprofen, which was not reported to cause mortality in clinical treatment of scavenging birds and is rapidly eliminated from lives ... | 2010 | 20007163 |
| toxoplasma gondii prevalence in israeli crows and griffon vultures. | a cross-sectional toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence study was performed on free ranging crows (corvus cornis, corvus monedula, corvus splendens) and griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from israel in order to assess exposure to this pathogen in scavenger birds that feed on animal carcasses and their possible role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. using the modified agglutination test (mat) with a cutoff titer of 1:25, 52 of 122 crows (42.6%) and 40 of 101 griffon vultures (39.6%) were found to be ... | 2013 | 22920844 |
| the influence of non-toxic concentrations of ddt and dde on the old world vulture estrogen receptor alpha. | seven of the nine vulture species in south africa are listed as endangered on the international union for the conservation of nature (iucn) red list. from these, the cape griffon vulture (gyps corprotheres) is the most endangered species in the region. although inadequate nutritional support has been blamed on the constant decline in populations, the process of vulture restaurants has failed to improve the population status over the last twenty years. one possible reason for the decline may be a ... | 2008 | 18801367 |
| the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in vultures. | vulture populations across the asian subcontinent have declined dramatically in the last 15 years and are now on the verge of extinction. although the cause of the population decline was initially unknown, the decrease has recently been conclusively linked to the use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac in cattle that inadvertently ended up in the vulture food chain. with the vulture numbers continuing to decline by up to 48% a year, the indian, nepali and pakistan governments h ... | 2008 | 18307504 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a homologue of the alpha inhibitor of nf-kappab in the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus). | nf-kappab has been found to play roles in many different compartments of the immune system during differentiation of immune cells and development of lymphoid organs and during immune activation. the activity of nf-kappab is primarily regulated by a family of structurally related proteins known as the ikappab proteins. herein, we report the molecular cloning and characterisation of a griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) orthologue of the alpha inhibitor of nf-kappab (ikappabalpha). the full-length cdna ... | 2008 | 18289705 |
| examination of mercury concentration in the feathers of 18 species of birds in southwest iran. | this paper presents the levels of mercury (hg) in tail feathers from different species of birds, in southwest iran (khuzestan to persian gulf). between april and october 2005, we collected tail feathers from 77 birds belonging to 18 species, mostly raptor birds. the birds were collected for the museum natural history, faculty of natural resources and marine sciences of tarbiat modares university. hg concentrations were evaluated in relation to taxonomic affiliation and trophic level. feather hg ... | 2007 | 17307157 |
| plasma phenylacetate and 1-naphthyl acetate hydrolyzing activities of wild birds as possible non-invasive biomarkers of exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. | organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides inhibit the carboxylesterases found in plasma. therefore, these carboxylesterases might be used as biomarkers of exposure to these insecticides. this work initiates the characterization of the phenylacetate (pa) and 1-nafthylacetate (na) hydrolyzing activities (paase and naase) in the plasma of 11 different wild bird species and aims to determine their suitability as biomarkers of exposure. paase activity values, expressed as mumol product/30min/ml pla ... | 2007 | 17174487 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) toll-like receptor 1. | the toll-like receptor (tlr) family is an ancient pattern recognition receptor family, conserved from insects to mammals. members of the tlr family are vital to immune function through the sensing of pathogenic agents and initiation of an appropriate immune response. in this study, we cloned a cdna encoding for a griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) orthologue of mammalian tlr1 (cd281). the predicted 650 amino acid sequence comprised an extracellular domain with five leucine-rich repeats (lrr) and an l ... | 2007 | 17055050 |
| extensive gross genomic rearrangements between chicken and old world vultures (falconiformes: accipitridae). | the karyotypes of most birds consist of a small number of macrochromosomes and numerous microchromosomes. intriguingly, most accipitrids which include hawks, eagles, kites, and old world vultures (falconiformes) show a sharp contrast to this basic avian karyotype. they exhibit strikingly few microchromosomes and appear to have been drastically restructured during evolution. chromosome paints specific to the chicken (gga) macrochromosomes 1-10 were hybridized to metaphase spreads of three species ... | 2006 | 16484785 |
| high levels of blood lead in griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from cazorla natural park (southern spain). | the blood lead of 23 griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) trapped in 2003 was analyzed in order to evaluate exposure to lead in the vulture population of cazorla natural park (in southern spain). in 2001 the use of leaded gasoline in vehicles was banned in the european union; however, lead ammunition is still used in spain in big-game hunting for red deer, fallow deer, mouflon, and wild boar, which are ingested by vultures from september to march. the mean concentration of lead in blood was 43.07 +/- ... | 2005 | 16007647 |
| salmonella isolates from wild birds and mammals in the basque country (spain). | the authors investigated the prevalence of salmonella spp. in 205 wild birds and mammals belonging to 45 species during the years 2001 and 2002 in the basque country (spain). salmonella was isolated from 16 (7.8%) animals. the prevalence was 8.5% (7/82) in birds, and 7.2% (9/123) in mammals. nine serotypes, all of them belonging to the species salmonella enterica, were identified: two isolates of typhimurium (from 1/3 griffon vultures [gyps fulvus], and 1/5 sparrowhawks [accipiter nisus]); one o ... | 2004 | 15861885 |
| lead and arsenic in bones of birds of prey from spain. | the bones (humerus and/or femur) of 229 birds of prey from 11 species were analyzed for pb and as to evaluate their exposure to pb shot. the species with the highest mean pb levels were red kite (milvus milvus) and eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus), and the species with the lowest levels were eurasian buzzard (buteo buteo) and booted eagle (hieraaetus pennatus). red kite also had the highest mean as level, an element present in small amounts in pb shot. elevated bone pb concentrations (>10 microg/g ... | 2003 | 12860107 |
| epileptiform seizures in captive african vultures. | african vultures are held in captivity at salisbury, johannesburg, and durban, and in each place a number of birds showed epileptiform seizures. of 17 griffon vultures (gyps africanus and g. coprotheres) in salisbury, three recovered and 11 died after one or more seizures. of eight vultures of three other species, one lappetfaced vulture (torgos tracheliotus) recovered and one whiteheaded vulture (trigonoceps occipitalis) died. a variety of diagnostic tests, in particular levels of serum calcium ... | 1981 | 7241712 |
| chromosome banding and dna replication patterns in bird karyotypes. | the karyotypes of the domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), japanese quail (coturnix coturnix), and griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) were studied with a variety of banding techniques. the dna replication patterns of bird chromosomes, analyzed by incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) and deoxythymidine (dt), are presented here for the first time. in particular, the time sequence of replication of the zz/zw sex chromosomes throughout the s-phase was meticulously analyzed. brdu and dt incorporat ... | 1989 | 2630186 |
| hematozoa from southern african vultures, with a description of haemoproteus janovyi sp. n. | this study represents the first major survey of avian hematozoa from southern africa and the only one dealing with blood parasites of vultures. blood smears from 506 rhodesian, botswanan and south african vultures (hooded, white-headed, lappetfaced, cape griffon and whitebacked vultures) were examined for hematozoa. haemoproteus janovyi sp. n. was observed in 35.2% of the vultures, leucocytozoon toddi in 0.8%, plasmodium fallax in 0.6%, atoxoplasma sp. in 1.4% and microfilariae in 0.2%. hematozo ... | 1979 | 109605 |
| draft genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing strain enterococcus faecium m3k31, isolated from griffon vultures (gyps fulvus subsp. fulvus). | enterococcus faeciumm3k31 is a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolated from griffon vulture (gyps fulvussubsp.fulvus) feces. the draft genome sequence of this strain provides genetic data that support its biotechnological potential. | 2016 | 27013035 |
| estimation of cultivable bacterial diversity in the cloacae and pharynx in eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus). | in this work, we describe the biodiversity of cloacal and pharynx culture-based bacteria (commensal and pathogenic), in 75 eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from two geographic areas. we address the question of whether the cultivable microbiota of vultures is organised into assemblages occurring by chance. in addition, we assess bacterial diversity in both anatomic regions and geographic areas. bacterial diversity was represented by 26 gram-negative and 20 gram-positive genera. the most co ... | 2015 | 25388757 |
| coxiella burnetii dna detected in domestic ruminants and wildlife from portugal. | coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of q fever or coxiellosis, a zoonosis mainly affecting domestic ruminants. information on the population structure and epidemiology of c. burnetii in animals is scarce in portugal. evidence of c. burnetti infection was sought in domestic, wild and captive animals based on the detection of bacterial dna. tissue samples from 152 domestic animals (cattle=24, goats=51, sheep=76 and swine=1), 55 wild carnivores (egyptian mongoose=45, red fox=4, common genet= ... | 2015 | 26345258 |
| toxicity of diclofenac to gyps vultures. | three endemic vulture species gyps bengalensis, gyps indicus and gyps tenuirostris are critically endangered following dramatic declines in south asia resulting from exposure to diclofenac, a veterinary drug present in the livestock carcasses that they scavenge. diclofenac is widely used globally and could present a risk to gyps species from other regions. in this study, we test the toxicity of diclofenac to a eurasian (gyps fulvus) and an african (gyps africanus) species, neither of which is th ... | 0 | 17148382 |
| carriage of staphylococcus aureus by free-living wild animals in spain. | the presence of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) was analyzed in different free-living wild animals to assess the genetic diversity and predominant genotypes on each animal species. samples were taken from the skin and/or nares, and isolates were characterized by spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. the proportion of mssa carriers were 5.00, 22.93, 19.78, and 17.67% in eurasian griffon vulture, iberian ibex, red deer, and wil ... | 2014 | 24907325 |
| evaluation of bacteriocinogenic activity, safety traits and biotechnological potential of fecal lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from griffon vultures (gyps fulvus subsp. fulvus). | lactic acid bacteria (lab) are part of the gut microbiota and produce ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins with interest as natural food preservatives and therapeutic agents. bacteriocin-producing lab are also attractive as probiotics. griffon vultures (gyps fulvus subspecies fulvus) are scavenger birds that feed almost exclusively on carrion without suffering apparent ill effects. therefore, griffon vultures might be considered a reservoir of bacteriocin-producing lact ... | 2016 | 27688001 |
| examination of eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus fulvus) in israel for exposure to environmental toxicants using dried blood spots. | the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) is one of seven species of old world gyps vultures found over a wide range from the iberian peninsula in the west through the balkans, turkey, and the middle east to india in the east. the population of the griffon vultures in israel has suffered a dramatic decrease, and in recent years productivity has been severely reduced. in this study, whole-blood samples taken from 25 apparently healthy griffon vultures at various stages of maturity were examined to invest ... | 2011 | 22021042 |
| exposure of threatened accipitridae to mycobacterium bovis calls for active surveillance. | anthropogenic activities have cumulatively led to the dramatic decline of world populations of vultures that currently face serious survival challenges in several regions of the world. in portugal, the three resident species qualify as endangered and are under conservation efforts, mainly in the central east and south-east regions, where habitat protection and artificial feeding stations were implemented. concurrently, the areas under protection are highly affected by tuberculosis (tb) in cattle ... | 2017 | 28258525 |
| wild griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) as a source of salmonella and campylobacter in eastern spain. | the existence of campylobacter and salmonella reservoirs in wildlife is a potential hazard to animal and human health; however, the prevalence of these species is largely unknown. until now, only a few studies have evaluated the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in wild griffon vultures and based on a small number of birds. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in wild griffon vultures (n = 97) during the normal ringing programme at the cinctor ... | 2014 | 24710464 |
| methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) carriage in different free-living wild animal species in spain. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a life-threatening pathogen in humans and its presence in animals is a public health concern. the aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of mrsa in free-living wild animals. samples from red deer (n=273), iberian ibex (n=212), eurasian griffon vulture (n=40) and wild boar (n=817) taken from different areas in spain between june 2008 and november 2011 were analyzed. characterization of the isolates was performed by spa typing, multi-l ... | 2013 | 23846031 |
| mapping the spatio-temporal risk of lead exposure in apex species for more effective mitigation. | effective mitigation of the risks posed by environmental contaminants for ecosystem integrity and human health requires knowing their sources and spatio-temporal distribution. we analysed the exposure to lead (pb) in griffon vulture gyps fulvus-an apex species valuable as biomonitoring sentinel. we determined vultures' lead exposure and its main sources by combining isotope signatures and modelling analyses of 691 bird blood samples collected over 5 years. we made yearlong spatially explicit pre ... | 2016 | 27466455 |
| estimation of normal tear production in free-living eurasian black vultures (aegypius monachus) and griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) in dadia national park, greece. | the aim of this study was to record the schirmer tear test i (stt i) measurements in free-living vultures in order to estimate normal values. the eurasian black vulture (aegypius monachus), which breeds in the mediterranean region and asia, is listed as near threatened; it is also classified as vulnerable at the european level and endangered in greece. the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus), once widespread across the continent, has undergone a dramatic decline which has led to its extinction in many ... | 2013 | 23805550 |
| sex determination in the wild: a field application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification successfully determines sex across three raptor species. | pcr-based methods are the most common technique for sex determination of birds. although these methods are fast, easy and accurate, they still require special facilities that preclude their application outdoors. consequently, there is a time lag between sampling and obtaining results that impedes researchers to take decisions in situ and in real time considering individuals' sex. we present an outdoor technique for sex determination of birds based on the amplification of the duplicated sex-chrom ... | 2017 | 27235333 |
| organochlorine residues in blood of cinereous vultures and eurasian griffon vultures in a northeastern mediterranean area of nature conservation. | in the national park of dadia-lefkimi-soufli forest (dadia np, greece), seven "target" pcbs and 16 organochlorine pesticides (ocs) were analysed in blood samples of cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus) and eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus). pcb congeners 138, 153 and 180 predominated in both species' blood samples. in both species, no differences were detected in congener levels between successive age classes, but in cinereous vulture, there were significant differences between adult and ... | 2011 | 21336480 |
| cellular and humoral immunodepression in vultures feeding upon medicated livestock carrion. | veterinary pharmaceuticals contained in dead livestock may be ingested by avian scavengers and negatively affect their health and consequently their population dynamics and conservation. we evaluated the potential role of antibiotics as immunodepressors using multiple parameters measuring the condition of the cellular and humoral immune system in griffon (gyps fulvus), cinereous (aegypius monachus) and egyptian vultures (neophron percnopterus). we confirmed the presence of circulating antimicrob ... | 2009 | 19324751 |
| antibiotics threaten wildlife: circulating quinolone residues and disease in avian scavengers. | antibiotic residues that may be present in carcasses of medicated livestock could pass to and greatly reduce scavenger wildlife populations. we surveyed residues of the quinolones enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics (amoxicillin and oxytetracycline) in nestling griffon gyps fulvus, cinereous aegypius monachus and egyptian neophron percnopterus vultures in central spain. we found high concentrations of antibiotics in the plasma of many nestling cinereous (57%) and ... | 2008 | 18197254 |
| hematocrit and blood chemistry values in captive raptors (gyps fulvus, buteo buteo, milvus migrans, aquila heliaca). | 1. eight hematological values were determined in blood samples from 88 raptors representing 10 species. 2. means, standard errors, ranges and coefficients of variations were obtained for each parameter and species investigated. 3. the griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) showed mean concentrations of glucose lower than those of most of the other species. 4. concentrations of urea in the buzzard (buteo buteo) were higher than those of the other raptors studied, and the black kite (milvus migrans) had ch ... | 1987 | 2887380 |
| the cattle-wolf dilemma: interactions among three protected species. | this paper utilizes economic valuation to offer a new perspective on livestock rancher-predator conflicts. while most studies have considered losses to the species directly involved, i.e., cattle and wolves (canis lupus), we take into account other species that are threatened by efforts to protect livestock. in this case, vultures (gyps fulvus) and gazelles (gazella gazella), both endangered species, are either poisoned (vultures) or suffer from habitat fragmentation (gazelles) in the upper gali ... | 2017 | 27796488 |
| vigilance poison: illegal poisoning and lead intoxication are the main factors affecting avian scavenger survival in the pyrenees (france). | a specific surveillance program has been set up to monitor avian scavenger populations in the french pyrenean mountains, hosting a high proportion of the french populations. the two main purposes of the study were to identify all causes of death and to investigate poisoning cases. all 170 birds found dead during the 7-year program were submitted to full necropsy, x-ray, parasitological investigations and consistent analytical toxicology screenings (cholinesterase inhibitors, anticoagulant rodent ... | 2015 | 25913360 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,12:i:- isolated from asymptomatic wildlife in a catalonian wildlife rehabilitation center, spain. | wildlife can act as long-term asymptomatic reservoirs for zoonotic bacteria, such as salmonella. the prevalence and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles of salmonella spp. were assessed in 263 cases in wildlife from 22 animal orders from a wildlife rehabilitation center in catalonia (ne spain), september 2013-may 2014. eleven of 263 tested animals were positive for salmonella spp., representing an overall prevalence of 4.2%. prevalences by taxonomic categories were 2% in mammals, 4.7% in birds, ... | 2015 | 25973627 |
| the normal electrocardiogram of four species of conscious raptors. | the aim of this study was to describe normal ecg patterns and values in four species of conscious raptors (eurasian kestrel, griffon vulture, little owl, and eurasian eagle owl). electrocardiograms were carried out in 75 conscious birds belonging to four species of raptors. lead ii waveforms were analysed to determine amplitudes and durations of waves and intervals. morphologic patterns of p-qrs-t deflections were analysed in the six limb leads. rhythm, heart rate, mean electrical axis, presence ... | 2008 | 17451765 |
| multidirectional chromosome painting substantiates the occurrence of extensive genomic reshuffling within accipitriformes. | previous cross-species painting studies with probes from chicken (gallus gallus) chromosomes 1-10 and a paint pool of nineteen microchromosomes have revealed that the drastic karyotypic reorganization in accipitridae is due to extensive synteny disruptions and associations. however, the number of synteny association events and identities of microchromosomes involved in such synteny associations remain undefined, due to the lack of paint probes derived from individual chicken microchromosomes. mo ... | 2015 | 26409465 |
| shared epitopes of avian immunoglobulin light chains. | like all jawed vertebrates, birds (aves) also produce antibodies i.e. immunoglobulins (igs) as a defence mechanism against pathogens. their igs are composed of two identical heavy (h) and light (l) chains which are of lambda isotype. the l chain consists of variable (vl), joining (jl) and constant (cl) region. using enzyme immunoassays (eia) and two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (3c10 and ch31) to chicken l chain, we analysed their cross-reactivity with sera from 33 avian species belonging to nin ... | 2014 | 24603015 |
| wild birds, frequent carriers of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing escherichia coli of ctx-m and shv-12 types. | to get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) and plasmidic ampc β-lactamase (pampc) escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from northern spain were analyzed. cefotaxime-resistant (ctx(r)) e. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, milvus migrans-black kite, milvus ... | 2016 | 26687342 |
| how cheap is soaring flight in raptors? a preliminary investigation in freely-flying vultures. | measuring the costs of soaring, gliding and flapping flight in raptors is challenging, but essential for understanding their ecology. among raptors, vultures are scavengers that have evolved highly efficient soaring-gliding flight techniques to minimize energy costs to find unpredictable food resources. using electrocardiogram, gps and accelerometer bio-loggers, we report the heart rate (hr) of captive griffon vultures (gyps fulvus and g. himalayensis) trained for freely-flying. hr increased thr ... | 2014 | 24454760 |
| distribution of persistent organochlorine chemical residues in blood plasma of three species of vultures from india. | the presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in blood plasma of white-backed vulture gyps bengalensis, egyptian vulture neophron percnopterus, and griffon vulture gyps fulvus collected from ahmedabad, india. all the samples had varying levels of organochlorine pesticides and pcbs. statistically significant (p<0.05) differences among species were detected for beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-hch), ∑hch, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichlo ... | 2011 | 20221793 |
| veterinary diclofenac threatens africa's endangered vulture species. | veterinary diclofenac has been responsible for the devastation of three species of gyps vulture on the indian subcontinent, and it is now regarded as one of the worst environmental contaminants in the recent past. while measures have been taken to control the manufacture of veterinary diclofenac in south asia, the promotion of diclofenac on the african continent poses a risk to vultures in this region. in southern africa, the species of greatest conservation concern is the cape griffon vulture ( ... | 2009 | 19545505 |
| serum and plasma cholinesterase activity in the cape griffon vulture (gyps coprotheres). | vulture (accipitridae) poisonings are a concern in south africa, with hundreds of birds dying annually. although some of these poisonings are accidental, there has been an increase in the number of intentional baiting of poached rhinoceros (rhinocerotidae) and elephant (elephantidae) carcasses to kill vultures that alert officials to poaching sites by circling overhead. the primary chemicals implicated are the organophosphorous and carbamate compounds. although most poisoning events can be ident ... | 2016 | 26981685 |
| lead toxicity: consequences and interventions in an intensively managed (gyps coprotheres) vulture colony. | the national zoological gardens of south africa (nzg) is involved in the ex situ conservation of gyps coprotheres, the cape griffon vulture (cgv) and houses 24 birds in a 100-yr-old aviary. following the death of one vulture with high liver lead concentrations, an investigation was launched to ascertain the source(s) and consequences of lead toxicity in this breeding colony. whole blood from 24 cgv, paint from the enclosure, water, and soil sampled at various locations within the enclosure were ... | 2012 | 23082521 |
| evaluating the connectivity of a protected areas' network under the prism of global change: the efficiency of the european natura 2000 network for four birds of prey. | climate and land use changes are major threats to biodiversity. to preserve biodiversity, networks of protected areas have been established worldwide, like the natura 2000 network across the european union (eu). currently, this reserve network consists of more than 26000 sites covering more than 17% of eu terrestrial territory. its efficiency to mitigate the detrimental effects of land use and climate change remains an open research question. here, we examined the potential current and future ge ... | 2013 | 23527237 |
| delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δalad) activity in four free-living bird species exposed to different levels of lead under natural conditions. | the purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the δalad activity and δalad ratio in blood of four free-living bird species (griffon vulture, eagle owl, slender-billed gull and audouin's gull); (2) and to investigate the correlations between δalad activity/ratio and pb concentrations in blood samples. a decrease was observed in δalad activity in griffon vultures and eagle owls exposed to pb. in addition, negative relationships were found between δalad ratio or δalad activity and log blood pb ... | 2015 | 25569843 |
| oral mycoses in avian scavengers exposed to antibiotics from livestock farming. | the exposure to antimicrobial pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants can exert direct and indirect detrimental effects on health of wildlife. fungal infections pose a major threat to domestic, captive-housed wild and free-ranging wild animals worldwide. however, little is known about their role in disease in birds in the wild. here, we evaluated the incidence of thrush-like lesions in the oral cavity of wild nestling cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus), griffon vultures (gyps fulvus), ... | 2017 | 28662427 |
| lead ingestion as a potential contributing factor to the decline in vulture populations in southern africa. | vulture populations in southern africa have been on the decline for years, which unlike the asian vulture crisis, has no one specific cause. reasons attributable are deliberate and secondary poisonings, drowning, power line injuries, electrocutions, traditional medicine ("muti" trade) and calcium deficiencies. however, lead toxicity as a potential causal factor is hardly mentioned. the potential for lead toxicity needs to be considered as substantial game hunting occurs in the region with little ... | 2017 | 27771569 |
| the toxicokinetics of ketoprofen in gyps coprotheres: toxicity due to zero-order metabolism. | in a safety study, cape griffon vultures (gyps coprotheres) were dosed with ketoprofen at single doses of ~1 mg/kg (n = 5) and 5 mg/kg (n = 11). no toxicity was reported in the 1 mg/kg group, with the auc(inf), v(z) and cl being 10.42 μg/ml h, 0.37 l/kg and 0.10 l/h kg, respectively. toxicity occurred in the 5 mg/kg group, with 7 of the 11 birds dying. clinical signs of toxicity included depression, loss of appetite and apparent coma. animals died within 48 h of dosing. the auc(inf), v(z) and cl ... | 2010 | 20140424 |
| levels of blood lead in griffon vultures from a wildlife rehabilitation center in spain. | lead is considered a highly toxic contaminant with important impacts to bird wildlife. griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) are a sensitive indicator of the level of environmental contamination due to their position at the top of the food chain and their dependence on human activities. the aim of this study was to assess susceptibility to lead intoxication in griffon vultures admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers (wrc), measuring blood lead levels and determining if blood lead concentrations are ... | 2017 | 28528317 |
| social foraging and individual consistency in following behaviour: testing the information centre hypothesis in free-ranging vultures. | uncertainties regarding food location and quality are among the greatest challenges faced by foragers and communal roosting may facilitate success through social foraging. the information centre hypothesis (ich) suggests that uninformed individuals at shared roosts benefit from following informed individuals to previously visited resources. we tested several key prerequisites of the ich in a social obligate scavenger, the eurasian griffon vulture (gyps fulvus), by tracking movements and behaviou ... | 2017 | 28404771 |
| lead poisoning due to lead-pellet ingestion in griffon vultures ( gyps fulvus ) from the iberian peninsula. | avian scavengers that typically include game birds and mammals in their diets are at risk of lead poisoning from ingestion of carcasses with fragmented or residual lead ammunition that is used in hunting. thus, lead may be one of the threats that the griffon vulture ( gyps fulvus ) faces in the iberian peninsula and particularly in portugal, where their conservation status is considered to be near-threatened. this is the first report that details 3 cases of lead poisoning, associated with the in ... | 2016 | 27736221 |
| decision-making by a soaring bird: time, energy and risk considerations at different spatio-temporal scales. | natural selection theory suggests that mobile animals trade off time, energy and risk costs with food, safety and other pay-offs obtained by movement. we examined how birds make movement decisions by integrating aspects of flight biomechanics, movement ecology and behaviour in a hierarchical framework investigating flight track variation across several spatio-temporal scales. using extensive global positioning system and accelerometer data from eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) in israel a ... | 2016 | 27528787 |
| adult vultures outperform juveniles in challenging thermal soaring conditions. | due to the potentially detrimental consequences of low performance in basic functional tasks, individuals are expected to improve performance with age and show the most marked changes during early stages of life. soaring-gliding birds use rising-air columns (thermals) to reduce energy expenditure allocated to flight. we offer a framework to evaluate thermal soaring performance, and use gps-tracking to study movements of eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus). because the location and intensity ... | 2016 | 27291590 |
| determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues in the plasma of eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) in spain. | due to the possible toxicological impact, the accumulation of pharmaceuticals in wildlife as a consequence of human practices is of growing concern. the consumption of carrion at feeding stations - the so-called 'vulture restaurants' - with no management of the veterinary drugs it contains may expose scavengers to pharmaceuticals. to demonstrate this, we analyzed plasma from eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) originating from two different areas of spain for antibiotics such as enrofloxacin ... | 2016 | 27037883 |
| nested species-rich networks of scavenging vertebrates support high levels of interspecific competition. | disentangling the processes that shape the organization of ecological assemblages and its implications for species coexistence is one of the foremost challenges of ecology. although insightful advances have recently related community composition and structure with species coexistence in mutualistic and antagonistic networks, little is known regarding other species assemblages, such as those of scavengers exploiting carrion. here we studied seven assemblages of scavengers feeding on ungulate carc ... | 2016 | 27008779 |
| how do colonial eurasian griffon vultures prevent extra-pair mating? | in colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (epcs) should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest) mainly during the fertile period. in colonial vultures, specific studies examining the preventive measures that minimize the risks of epcs occurring within the competitive context of colonial breeding have not been conducted. here we tested at eurasian griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) nesting ... | 2016 | 26966674 |
| modeling the consequences of the demise and potential recovery of a keystone-species: wild rabbits and avian scavengers in mediterranean landscapes. | restoration of demised keystone-species populations is an overriding concern in conservation biology. however, since no population is independent of its environment, progress is needed in predicting the efficacy of restoration in unstable ecological contexts. here, by means of population dynamics p-system models (pdp), we studied long-term changes in the population size of egyptian vultures (neophron percnopterus) inhabiting a natural park, northern spain, to changes in the numbers of wild rabbi ... | 2015 | 26593338 |
| age-related relationships between innate immunity and plasma carotenoids in an obligate avian scavenger. | variation in immunity is influenced by allocation trade-offs that are expected to change between age-classes as a result of the different environmental and physiological conditions that individuals encounter over their lifetime. one such trade-off occurs with carotenoids, which must be acquired with food and are involved in a variety of physiological functions. nonetheless, relationships between immunity and carotenoids in species where these micronutrients are scarce due to diet are poorly stud ... | 2015 | 26544885 |
| assessment of the exposure to heavy metals in griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from the iberian peninsula. | griffon vultures (gyps fulvus), by virtue of their position at the top of the food chain and as obligate scavengers, are at risk of accumulating and concentrating heavy metals in their tissues and may be more predisposed to their toxic effects. the aim of this study is to investigate heavy metal concentrations in griffon vultures in portugal and catalonia, spain and to determine if heavy metal concentrations in the blood of weak and/or injured griffon vultures admitted to wildlife rehabilitation ... | 2015 | 25528380 |
| comparative metabolism as a key driver of wildlife species sensitivity to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. | human and veterinary drug development addresses absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicology (admet) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (api) in the target species. metabolism is an important factor in controlling circulating plasma and target tissue api concentrations and in generating metabolites which are more easily eliminated in bile, faeces and urine. the essential purpose of xenobiotic metabolism is to convert lipid-soluble, non-polar and non-excretable chemicals ... | 2014 | 25405970 |
| suspected flunixin poisoning of a wild eurasian griffon vulture from spain. | exposure to residues of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (nsaid) diclofenac present in livestock carcasses has caused extensive declines in 3 gyps vulture species across asia. the carcass of a wild eurasian griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) was found in 2012 on an andalucian (spain) game hunting reserve and examined forensically. the bird had severe visceral gout, a finding consistent with gyps vultures from asia that have been poisoned by diclofenac. liver and kidney samples from this eurasi ... | 2015 | 25303011 |
| bird sky networks: how do avian scavengers use social information to find carrion? | the relative contribution of personal and social information to explain individual and collective behavior in different species and contexts is an open question in animal ecology. in particular, there is a major lack of studies combining theoretical and empirical approaches to test the relative relevance of different hypothesized individual behaviors to predict empirical collective patterns. we used an individual-based model to confront three hypotheses about the information transfer between soc ... | 2014 | 25163114 |
| effects of heavy metals on biomarkers for oxidative stress in griffon vulture (gyps fulvus). | metals are involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ros) which may result in metal-related oxidative stress that can lead to oxidative damage to lipids, dna and proteins. it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of metal toxicity in wild birds, and the concentrations that cause effects on oxidative stress biomarkers. the aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of lead (pb), cadmium (cd), mercury (hg), copper (cu) and zinc (zn) with regards to oxidative stress in blood ... | 2014 | 24529004 |
| resource unpredictability promotes species diversity and coexistence in an avian scavenger guild: a field experiment. | chance per se plays a key role in ecology and evolution, e.g., genetic mutation, resource spatiotemporal unpredictability. in community ecology, chance is recognized as a key factor in community assemblage, but less is known about its role in intraguild processes leading to species coexistence. here we study the relevance of resource unpredictability per se as a promoter of intraguild positive interspecific interactions and as a biodiversity enhancer in an old world avian scavenger guild, which ... | 2012 | 23431588 |
| assessing species habitat using google street view: a case study of cliff-nesting vultures. | the assessment of a species' habitat is a crucial issue in ecology and conservation. while the collection of habitat data has been boosted by the availability of remote sensing technologies, certain habitat types have yet to be collected through costly, on-ground surveys, limiting study over large areas. cliffs are ecosystems that provide habitat for a rich biodiversity, especially raptors. because of their principally vertical structure, however, cliffs are not easy to study by remote sensing t ... | 2013 | 23355880 |
| how predictability of feeding patches affects home range and foraging habitat selection in avian social scavengers? | feeding stations are commonly used to sustain conservation programs of scavengers but their impact on behaviour is still debated. they increase the temporal and spatial predictability of food resources while scavengers have supposedly evolved to search for unpredictable resources. in the grands causses (france), a reintroduced population of griffon vultures gyps fulvus can find carcasses at three types of sites: 1. "light feeding stations", where farmers can drop carcasses at their farm (spatial ... | 2013 | 23301024 |
| mixed strategies of griffon vultures' (gyps fulvus) response to food deprivation lead to a hump-shaped movement pattern. | the need to obtain food is a critical proximate driver of an organism's movement that shapes the foraging and survival of individual animals. consequently, the relationship between hunger and foraging has received considerable attention, leading to the common conception that hunger primarily enhances a "food-intake maximization" (fimax) strategy and intensive search. a complementary explanation, however, suggests a trade-off with precautions taken to reduce the risk of physiological collapse fro ... | 2013 | 25709819 |
| using wind tunnels to predict bird mortality in wind farms: the case of griffon vultures. | wind farms have shown a spectacular growth during the last 15 years. avian mortality through collision with moving rotor blades is well-known as one of the main adverse impacts of wind farms. in spain, the griffon vulture incurs the highest mortality rates in wind farms. | 2012 | 23152764 |
| modelling the effects of sanitary policies on european vulture conservation. | biodiversity losses are increasing as a consequence of negative anthropogenic effects on ecosystem dynamics. however, the magnitude and complexity of these effects may still be greatly underestimated. most old world vultures have experienced rapid population declines in recent years. in europe, their immediate conservation depends on changes in health regulations affecting the availability of food provided by domestic carcasses. information is lacking on the effects of a hypothetical food shorta ... | 2012 | 23082243 |
| using tri-axial acceleration data to identify behavioral modes of free-ranging animals: general concepts and tools illustrated for griffon vultures. | integrating biomechanics, behavior and ecology requires a mechanistic understanding of the processes producing the movement of animals. this calls for contemporaneous biomechanical, behavioral and environmental data along movement pathways. a recently formulated unifying movement ecology paradigm facilitates the integration of existing biomechanics, optimality, cognitive and random paradigms for studying movement. we focus on the use of tri-axial acceleration (acc) data to identify behavioral mo ... | 2012 | 22357592 |
| disposition of marbofloxacin in vulture (gyps fulvus) after intravenous administration of a single dose. | the pharmacokinetics properties of marbofloxacin were studied in adult eurassian griffon vulture after single-dose intravenous (iv) administration of 2mg/kg. drug concentration in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the data obtained were subjected to compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic analysis. marbofloxacin presented a volume of distribution at steady-state (vdss) of 1.51±0.22l and total plasma clearance (cl) of 0.109±0.023l/hkg. the permanence of this ... | 2011 | 20605034 |
| fatal embryo chondral damage associated with fluoroquinolones in eggs of threatened avian scavengers. | stabled livestock reared in housed conditions are often subjected to intensive treatments with veterinary drug, which residues may be present in livestock meat ingested by scavengers, but nothing is known about their presence in eggs of wild birds and their potential detrimental effects on breeding success. we searched for residues of veterinary drugs and other toxicants in infertile and embryonated unhatched eggs of griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) and red kites (milvus milvus), two threatened av ... | 2009 | 19321243 |
| ejaculate collection efficiency and post-thaw semen quality in wild-caught griffon vultures from the sardinian population. | this study aimed to test the feasibility of a programme of semen collection and cryopreservation in griffon vultures. four wild-caught individuals kept in captivity because of unrecoverable traumas were used. semen collection attempts were made twice a week during three consecutive reproductive seasons (december - march) using the abdominal massage method. ejaculation was successfully induced between late january and late february. semen collection efficiency was rather low (27.9%) and it did no ... | 2009 | 19228408 |
| roles of survival and dispersal in reintroduction success of griffon vulture (gyps fulvus). | the success of reintroduction programs greatly depends on the amount of mortality and dispersal of the released individuals. although local environmental pressures are likely to play an important role in these processes, they have rarely been investigated because of the lack of spatial replicates of reintroduction. in the present study, we analyzed a 25-year data set encompassing 272 individuals released in five reintroduction programs of griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) in france to examine the r ... | 2008 | 18536248 |
| percutaneous exposure to ethyl parathion in a feral griffon vulture (gyps fulvus). | a feral griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) was found with tremors, weakness, digit and wing flexion, and an inability to fly. a zero blood cholinesterase activity and a favorable response to treatment with pralidoxime hydrochloride indicated exposure to an anticholinergic pesticide. the bird died after 7 d, and traces of the organophosphate insecticide ethyl parathion were found in the liver and from a blue discolored skin area of the neck. continuous exposure to ethyl parathion through dermal absorp ... | 1994 | 8066970 |
| vultures from different trophic guilds show distinct oral pathogenic yeast signatures and co-occurrence networks. | vultures have evolved adaptive mechanisms to prevent infections associated with their scavenging lifestyle. however, food-borne exposure to antimicrobial pharmaceuticals can promote opportunistic infections with adverse outcomes. here, we used multivariate and network analyses to increase understanding of the behavior of the yeast communities causing oral mycosis outbreaks recently reported in wild nestling cinereous (aegypius monachus), griffon (gyps fulvus) and egyptian (neophron percnopterus) ... | 2020 | 32224410 |
| wild griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) fed at supplementary feeding stations: potential carriers of pig pathogens and pig-derived antimicrobial resistance? | the carriage of two important pathogens of pigs, that is enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and clostridioides difficile, was investigated in 104 cloacal samples from wild griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) fed on pig carcasses at supplementary feeding stations (sfs), along with their level of antimicrobial resistance (amr). e. coli was isolated from 90 (86.5%) samples, but no etec was detected, likely because etec fimbriae confer the species specificity of the pathogen. resistance to at least ... | 2020 | 31901154 |
| mitochondrial d-loop sequence variability in three native insular griffon vulture (gyps fulvus) populations from the mediterranean basin. | the islands of sardinia, crete, and cyprus are hosting the last native insular griffon populations in the mediterranean basin. their states have been evaluated from "vulnerable" to "critically endangered". the sequence analysis of molecular markers, particularly the mtdna d-loop region, provides useful information in studying the evolution of closely related taxa and the conservation of endangered species. therefore, a study of d-loop region sequence was carried out to estimate the genetic diver ... | 2019 | 31886178 |
| slower rates of accumulation of dna damage in leukocytes correlate with longer lifespans across several species of birds and mammals. | although there is previous evidence showing an increase in various types of dna damage with aging in mice and humans, a comparative study determining accumulation rates of dna double strand breaks, as determined by presence of phosphorylated histone h2ax (γh2ax), in leukocytes of individuals of different ages from phylogenetically distinct species from birds to mammals was lacking. here, we demonstrate that the rate of accumulation of dna damage as measured by the dna damage marker γh2ax correla ... | 2019 | 31730540 |
| telomere shortening rate predicts species life span. | telomere shortening to a critical length can trigger aging and shorter life spans in mice and humans by a mechanism that involves induction of a persistent dna damage response at chromosome ends and loss of cellular viability. however, whether telomere length is a universal determinant of species longevity is not known. to determine whether telomere shortening can be a single parameter to predict species longevities, here we measured in parallel the telomere length of a wide variety of species ( ... | 2019 | 31285335 |
| consumption of big game remains by scavengers: a potential risk as regards disease transmission in central spain. | understanding the role that facultative scavenger species may play in spreading infectious pathogens, and even becoming reservoirs for humans, domestic and wild ungulates or, on the contrary, preventing the spread of disease, requires a prior understanding of the pattern of carrion scavenging in specific scenarios. the objectives of this paper are (i) to describe the guild of vertebrate scavengers and (ii) to study the species-specific, habitat, and management-related factors involved in the usa ... | 2018 | 29552564 |
| vulture mortality resulting from illegal poisoning in the southern balkan peninsula. | a study was carried out to determine the incidents of illegal poisoning of griffon vulture (gyps fulvus), egyptian vulture (neophron percnopterus), black vulture (aegypius monachus), and bearded vulture (gypaetus barbatus) in the southern balkan peninsula between 1982 and 2017. a total of 38 poisoning cases affecting 224 vultures were analyzed to identify their causes and the primary target species for poisoning. nine different compounds were used in these incidents and the most frequently appli ... | 2018 | 29101695 |
| does the renal portal valve exist in a raptor species? a study aimed at further evaluating the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac in vultures. | diclofenac has been responsible for the deaths of millions of vultures on the asian subcontinent. while the pathology of toxicity is well described, the mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. however, it was postulated that toxicity could be related to the unique avian renal vascular structure known as the renal portal valve and that that diclofenac altered valve functionality with subsequent renal ischaemia. while plausible, the valva renalis portalis has only been described in a small number o ... | 2020 | 32608095 |
| evidence of avian poxvirus and papillomavirus infection in gyps fulvus in italy. | the identification of avian poxvirus and avian papillomavirus associated with cutaneous lesions in griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) by histopathology, electron microscopy and pcr analysis is reported. sequence analysis of the fpv140 gene revealed 99% identity to two poxviruses obtained from a white-tailed sea eagle (haliaeetus albicilla) and a common buzzard (buteo buteo). partial sequence of the papillomavirus l1 gene showed sequence similarity to papillomavirus li genes from african grey parrot ... | 2019 | 30291502 |
| gulper, ripper and scrapper: anatomy of the neck in three species of vultures. | the head-neck system of birds is a highly complex structure that performs a variety of demanding and competing tasks. morphofunctional adaptations to feeding specializations have previously been identified in the head and neck, but performance is also influenced by other factors such as its phylogenetic history. in order to minimize the effects of this factor, we here analyzed the anatomy of three closely related vultures that distinctly differ in feeding strategy. vultures, as obligate scavenge ... | 2020 | 31885086 |
| percentage of faecal excretion of meloxicam in the cape vultures (gyps corprotheres). | asian gyps vulture species are gradually recovering from the devastating effect of diclofenac being present in contaminated carcasses. this drug was responsible for the death of over 10 million vultures in india, nepal and pakistan. to prevent the extinction of vultures, meloxicam was introduced after the ban of veterinary diclofenac. meloxicam's safety in vultures was attributed to its short elimination half-life in contrast with diclofenac. the reason for the rapid elimination of meloxicam is ... | 2019 | 30336288 |