| serological differentiation of the potato-cyst nematodes globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis: ii. preparation and characterization of species specific monoclonal antibodies. | hybridomas producing antibodies which react with thermostable protein antigens isolated from the potato cyst nematode species globodera rostochiensis (tsrop) and g. pallida (tspap) were isolated. three of the isolated hybridomas (wgp 1, wgp 2 and wgp 3) produce antibodies that react with preferent affinity with protein antigens isolated from g. pallida, and two (wgr 11 and wgr 12) produce antibodies which bind preferentially to g. rostochiensis. binding constants were determined to quantitate th ... | 1989 | 2777274 |
| characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. | we have isolated a cdna encoding a catalase (cat2st) by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from potato roots infected with the cyst nematode globodera pallida. expression analysis confirmed the local induction of cat2st and showed that it was highest at the adult stage of the parasite. it also revealed that cat2st was induced in uninfected roots, stems, and leaves of infected plants. localized and systemic induction of cat2st was also observed upon root-knot nematode (meloidogy ... | 1995 | 7655060 |
| engineered oryzacystatin-i expressed in transgenic hairy roots confers resistance to globodera pallida. | the cysteine proteinase inhibitor, oryzacystatin-i (oc-i), and several engineered oc-i variants have been tested for efficacy in inhibiting growth and development of both the free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans, and the plant parasitic nematode globodera pallida. to assist in the design of protein engineering experiments to improve the efficacy of oc-i, an alignment of 28 cystatins and a molecular model of oc-i were generated. inhibitory activities (ki) of wild-type and variant forms of ... | 1995 | 7655503 |
| biological activity of secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium (umbelliferae). | secondary metabolites from bupleurum salicifolium were tested against viruses, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the yeast candida albicans, the nematodes globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis, the insect spodoptera littoralis and the crustacean artemia salina. these compounds were also tested against tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. the polyacetylene 8s-heptadeca-2(z)-9(z)-diene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol exhibited toxicity for a. salina and specific antibiotic activity against gram-positiv ... | 1995 | 7843329 |
| characterization of intestinally active proteinases of cyst-nematodes. | cryostat sections of juvenile and adult female stages of the soybean cyst-nematode, heterodera glycines, were incubated with 4 different naphthylamide-linked peptide substrates to localize and characterize proteinase activity within the animal. detected activity was restricted to the intestine and 2 distinct classes of proteinase were identified on the basis of substrate specificity and sensitivity to plant proteinase inhibitors. a cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinase activity capable of hydroly ... | 1996 | 8873479 |
| lipopolysaccharides of rhizobium etli strain g12 act in potato roots as an inducing agent of systemic resistance to infection by the cyst nematode globodera pallida. | recent studies have shown that living and heat-killed cells of the rhizobacterium rhizobium etli strain g12 induce in potato roots systemic resistance to infection by the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. to better understand the mechanisms of induced resistance, we focused on identifying the inducing agent. since heat-stable bacterial surface carbohydrates such as exopolysaccharides (eps) and lipopolysaccharides (lps) are essential for recognition in the symbiotic interaction between rhiz ... | 2000 | 10919815 |
| rapid identification of cyst (heterodera spp., globodera spp.) and root-knot (meloidogyne spp.) nematodes on the basis of its2 sequence variation detected by pcr-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp) in cultures and field samples. | cyst and root-knot nematodes show high levels of gross morphological similarity. this presents difficulties for the study of their ecology in natural ecosystems. in this study, cyst and root-knot nematode species, as well as some ectoparasitic nematode species, were identified using the second internal transcribed spacer (its2) sequence variation detected by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (pcr-sscp). the its2 region was sufficiently variable within the taxa i ... | 2000 | 10972762 |
| homologues of a single resistance-gene cluster in potato confer resistance to distinct pathogens: a virus and a nematode. | the isolation of the nematode-resistance gene gpa2 in potato is described, and it is demonstrated that highly homologous resistance genes of a single resistance-gene cluster can confer resistance to distinct pathogen species. molecular analysis of the gpa2 locus resulted in the identification of an r-gene cluster of four highly homologous genes in a region of approximately 115 kb. at least two of these genes are active: one corresponds to the previously isolated rx1 gene that confers resistance ... | 2000 | 10972883 |
| analysis of the sensory responses of parasitic nematodes using electrophysiology. | use of the electrophysiological technique to examine the sensory perception of live, intact nematodes has provided detailed analysis of responses to known concentrations of test chemicals. the use of larger nematodes, such as the animal-parasite syngamus trachea, enabled direct extracellular recordings from individual sensilla; with smaller nematodes, the recording electrode was inserted close to the cephalic region. extracellular recordings from the cephalic region of second-stage juveniles and ... | 2001 | 11406140 |
| molecular approaches to the taxonomic position of peruvian potato cyst nematodes and gene pool similarities in indigenous and imported populations of globodera. | peruvian potato cyst nematode populations were analysed to assess both their inter- and intraspecific similarities. its--rflp and two satellite dna sequences were used as taxonomic tools. both techniques have confirmed that the peruvian populations have as their closest relatives the european globodera pallida, despite the detection of clear differences that prevents us from assigning these south american populations unambiguously to any globodera species. a more precise study of the variability ... | 2001 | 11488965 |
| fmrfamide-related peptides in potato cyst nematodes. | this study presents data demonstrating the presence of fmrfamide-related peptides (farps) in potato cyst nematodes (pcn). five transcripts of farp encoding genes, designated gpflp-1 to gpflp-5, were characterised using race. in terms of orfs, gpflp-1 was 444 base pairs (bp) long and coded for four copies of the farp, pf3 (ksaymrfamide) whilst gpflp-2 was 309 bp long and encoded one copy of the peptide, knkfefirfamide. gpflp-3 (420 bp) encoded two copies of kheylrfamide (af2) and the genes gpflp- ... | 2001 | 11522352 |
| purification and characterization of chitinases from the nematophagous fungi verticillium chlamydosporium and v. suchlasporium. | culture filtrates of the nematophagous fungi verticillium chlamydosporium and v. suchlasporium growing on colloidal chitin showed increasing chitinolytic activity and production of two (32- and 43-kda) main proteins. maximum activity was found 18-20 days after inoculation, but v. suchlasporium always displayed higher activity. zymography of such filtrates on carboxymethyl-chitin-remazol brilliant violet 5r/acrylamide gels showed five bands of substrate degradation for v. suchlasporium and three ... | 2002 | 11860266 |
| ingestion of double-stranded rna by preparasitic juvenile cyst nematodes leads to rna interference. | rna interference is of value in determining gene function in many organisms. plant parasitic nematodes are refractory to microinjection as a means of introducing rna and do not show any oral uptake until they are within plants. we have used octopamine to stimulate uptake by preparasitic second stage juveniles of two cyst nematodes, heterodera glycines and globodera pallida. this new technique was used to facilitate uptake of double stranded rna (dsrna) together with fluoroscein isothiocyanate as ... | 2002 | 12182331 |
| monoclonal antibodies reactive with secreted-excreted products from the amphids and the cuticle surface of globodera pallida affect nematode movement and delay invasion of potato roots. | this paper describes excreted-secreted proteins (es) proteins that were immunolocalised in the cuticle, amphids and subventral glands of second stage juveniles of the two species of potato cyst nematodes (globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis). monoclonal antibodies reactive with these es proteins were used in a bioassay to investigate their effect on nematode movement and on their ability to invade potato roots. antibodies recognising the nematode cuticle surface and the amphids affecte ... | 2002 | 12464417 |
| neuronal uptake of pesticides disrupts chemosensory cells of nematodes. | low doses of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate nematicides disrupt chemoreception in plant-parasitic nematodes. fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)/dextran conjugates up to 12 kda are taken up from the external medium by certain chemosensory neurons in caenorhabditis elegans. similar chemoreceptive neurons of the non-feeding infective stage of heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) fill with fitc and the nuclei of their cell bodies selectively stain with bisbenzimide. the widely u ... | 2002 | 12553575 |
| mapping qtls for resistance to the cyst nematode globodera pallida derived from the wild potato species solanum vernei. | resistance to the potato cyst nematode (pcn) species globodera pallida, derived from the wild diploid potato species solanum vernei, has been investigated. this source of resistance, which is effective against all of the major pathotypes of g. pallida and globodera rostochiensis, has been assumed to be due to several genetic factors, but it has proved difficult to deploy effectively in breeding strategies for potato cultivars. diploid and tetraploid potato populations segregating for 'vernei' re ... | 2002 | 12582563 |
| a sequential approach to risk assessment of transgenic plants expressing protease inhibitors: effects on nontarget herbivorous insects. | protease inhibitors expressed in transgenic plants can provide enhanced levels of resistance to important pest species. a sequential approach for testing the effects of protease inhibitor-expressing crops on nontarget herbivorous insects has been developed. the approach consists of five tiers. the first two tiers comprise the selection phase. in tier one, field surveys are used to characterise the nontarget invertebrate fauna of a crop. in tier 2, histochemical assays are used to identify the su ... | 2003 | 12885165 |
| inbreeding and population structure of the potato cyst nematode (globodera pallida) in its native area (peru). | the dispersal abilities and the population genetic structure of nematodes living in the soil are poorly known. in the present study, we have pursued these issues in the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida, which parasitizes potato roots and is indigenous to south america. a hierarchical sampling regime was conducted in peru to investigate gene flow on regional, field and plant scales. multilocus genotypes of single individuals were obtained using eight polymorphic microsatellites markers. lar ... | 2004 | 15367107 |
| resolving tylenchid evolutionary relationships through multiple gene analysis derived from est data. | sequence-based phylogenetic analyses typically are based on a small number of character sets and report gene trees which may not reflect the true species tree. we employed an est mining strategy to suppress such incongruencies, and recovered the most robust phylogeny for five species of plant-parasitic nematode (meloidogyne arenaria, m. chitwoodi, m. hapla, m. incognita, and m. javanica), three closely related tylenchid taxa (heterodera glycines, globodera pallida, and g. rostochiensis) and a di ... | 2005 | 15876542 |
| what constitutes a population for the plant parasitic nematode globodera pallida in its native area (peru)? | although numerous species are distributed in discrete populations easily recognised by geographical barriers, continuous populations are a common feature of plants or marine organisms. this is particularly true for soil organisms as their habitat is continuous and their range cannot easily be assessed as they are buried below ground. in the case of organisms for which standard methods such as capture/mark/recapture cannot be used, population genetics provide a straightforward approach to delimit ... | 2006 | 16239004 |
| a northward colonisation of the andes by the potato cyst nematode during geological times suggests multiple host-shifts from wild to cultivated potatoes. | the cyst nematode globodera pallida is a major pest of potato in south america where this specialist parasite is native. to investigate its phylogeography, we have genotyped individuals from 42 peruvian populations using mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers. a clear south-to-north phylogeographical pattern was revealed with five well-supported clades. the clade containing the southern populations is genetically more diverse and forms the most basal branch. the large divergence among cytoc ... | 2007 | 16945556 |
| the production of synthetic chemodisruptive peptides in planta disrupts the establishment of cyst nematodes. | root exudates from transgenic potato plants expressing a chemoreception-disruptive peptide inhibit acetylcholinesterase by up to 63 +/- 3%. this inhibition correlates strongly with the efficacy of the exudates as a presoak solution for infective juveniles of heterodera glycines that leads to reduced root invasion. the establishment of developing globodera pallida at 21 days post-infection in these transgenic plants was also suppressed in containment trials. relative to controls, the best line sh ... | 2005 | 17173635 |
| molecular variation in the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida, in relation to virulence. | the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida poses a challenge for potato growers. the potato cyst nematodes (pcn) globodera rostochiensis and g. pallida cause damage valued at over pounds 50m per annum in the u.k. and problems in controlling pcn are growing due to the increase in populations and spread of g. pallida, the lack of many commercially attractive cultivars with resistance to this species and the pressure to reduce nematicide use. over 60% of potato fields in the u.k. are infected with ... | 2006 | 17390803 |
| sequence and characterization of six mitochondrial subgenomes from globodera rostochiensis: multipartite structure is conserved among close nematode relatives. | recently, a multipartite mitochondrial genome was characterized in the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida. six subgenomic circles were detectable by pcr, while full-length genomes were not. we investigate here whether this subgenomic organization occurs in a close relative of g. pallida. we amplified and sequenced one entire mitochondrial subgenome from the cyst-forming nematode, globodera rostochiensis. comparison of the noncoding region of this subgenome with those reported previously for ... | 2007 | 17674076 |
| poly(t) variation within mitochondrial protein-coding genes in globodera (nematoda: heteroderidae). | we sequenced a mitochondrial subgenome from the nematode globodera rostochiensis, in two overlapping pieces. the subgenome was 9210 bp and contained four protein-coding genes (nd4, coiii, nd3, cytb) and two trna genes (trna(thr), trna(gln)). genome organization was similar to that of globodera pallida, which is multipartite. together with the small number of genes on this subgenome, this suggests that the mitochondrial genome of g. rostochiensis is also multipartite. in the initial clones sequen ... | 2008 | 18288437 |
| origin and genetic diversity of western european populations of the potato cyst nematode (globodera pallida) inferred from mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite loci. | native to south america, the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida is one of the principal pests of andean potato crops and is also an important global pest following its introduction to europe, africa, north america, asia and oceania. building on earlier work showing a clear south to north phylogeographic pattern in peruvian populations, we have been able to identify the origin of western european populations with high accuracy. they are all derived from a single restricted area in the extreme ... | 2008 | 18410291 |
| comparison of british populations of potato cyst nematodes with populations from continental europe and south america using rapds. | genetic variation between populations of globodera pallida, primarily from britain but including populations from continental europe and south america and two globodera rostochiensis populations, was examined using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). fourteen primers were used and 250 amplification products observed. a comparison was made of the similarities between the species and, within g. pallida, between populations from britain, the netherlands, germany, and switzerland, of the pathot ... | 1997 | 18464829 |
| using snp markers to dissect linkage disequilibrium at a major quantitative trait locus for resistance to the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida on potato chromosome v. | the damage caused by the parasitic root cyst nematode globodera pallida is a major yield-limiting factor in potato cultivation . breeding for resistance is facilitated by the pcr-based marker 'hc', which is diagnostic for an allele conferring high resistance against g. pallida pathotype pa2/3 that has been introgressed from the wild potato species solanum vernei into the solanum tuberosum tetraploid breeding pool. the major quantitative trait locus (qtl) controlling this nematode resistance maps ... | 2009 | 19020852 |
| morphological and molecular identification of globodera pallida associated with potato in idaho. | the identity of a newly discovered population of pale potato cyst nematode globodera pallida associated with potato in eastern idaho was established by morphological and molecular methods. morphometrics of cysts and second-stage juveniles were generally within the expected ranges for g. pallida with some variations noted. the idaho population and paratype material from epworth, lincolnshire, england, both showed variations in tail shape, with bluntly rounded to finely pointed tail termini. compa ... | 2007 | 19259482 |
| comparative responses of globodera rostochiensis and g. pallida to hatching chemicals. | globodera rostochiensis and g. pallida responded similarly to hatch stimulation by potato root leachate, but proportionally more second-stage juveniles (j2s) of g. rostochiensis hatched than of g. pallida in response to picrolonic acid, sodium thiocyanate, alpha-solanine, and alpha-chaconine. fractionation of the potato root leachate identified hatching factors with species-selective (active toward both species but stimulating greater hatch of one species than the other), -specific (active towar ... | 2001 | 19265881 |
| phylogenetic analyses of meloidogyne small subunit rdna. | phylogenies were inferred from nearly complete small subunit (ssu) 18s rdna sequences of 12 species of meloidogyne and 4 outgroup taxa (globodera pallida, nacobbus abberans, subanguina radicicola, and zygotylenchus guevarai). alignments were generated manually from a secondary structure model, and computationally using clustalx and treealign. trees were constructed using distance, parsimony, and likelihood algorithms in paup* 4.0b4a. obtained tree topologies were stable across algorithms and ali ... | 2002 | 19265950 |
| antioxidant enzymes in phytoparasitic nematodes. | presence of different antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, and ascorbate, p-phenilendiamine-pyrocathecol (ppd-pc), o-dianisidine, and guaiacol isoperoxidases, was shown in the phytoparasific nematode species meloidogyne incognita, m. hapla, globodera rostochiensis, g. pallida, heterodera schachtii, h. carotae, and xiphinema index. the activity of the enzymes tested differed among the life stages examined. sod was present in cysts but was not detected in meloidogyne ... | 1997 | 19274144 |
| hatching behavior of potato cyst nematodes from the canary islands. | the present work investigated early hatching differences in naturally occuring field populations and newly reared populations of potato cyst nematodes from the canary islands. hatching behavior of the two species appears to be distinct, with more juveniles hatched from g. pallida that hatch earlier and over a shorter time than g. rostochiensis. the hatching rate of 3-year-old pcn populations was more than double (mean 44.5% ñ 1) that shown by newly reared populations (mean 19.1% ñ 12.5), and tho ... | 1996 | 19277163 |
| the future of nematology: integration of new and improved management strategies. | the potential for managing plant-parasitic nenlatodes by combining two or more control strategies in an integrated program is examined. advantages of this approach include the use of partially effective strategies and protection of highly effective ones vulnerable from nematode adaptation or environmental risk. strategies can be combined sequentially from season to season or applied simultaneously. programs that have several strategies available but that are limited in the true integration of co ... | 1993 | 19279784 |
| stage-specific monoclonal antibodies to the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida stone (behrens). | using standard hybridoma technology and hierarchical screening, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained with specific reactivity against two developmental stages of globodera pallida. the procedure was based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with homogenates prepared from second-stage juveniles, young adult females, and potato roots. hybridomas were formed by fusing myelomas with splenocytes derived from mice immunized with either infective juveniles or females of g. pallida. about ... | 1993 | 19279785 |
| resistance in potato to pratylenchus penetrans. | potato clones from five different breeding populations were evaluated for their relative resistance and susceptibility to pratylenchus penetrans. resistance and susceptibility were distinguished by an index of susceptibility (si) calculated from the numbers of p. penetrans (including eggs) per g of root of individual clones in relation to that of a susceptible control at 30 or 70 days after inoculation. evaluations were carried out using 7.5-cm clay pots in a growth chamber at 24 c with 15-hour ... | 1993 | 19279796 |
| damage to italian crops caused by cyst-forming nematodes. | investigations were undertaken in 1982-88 to estimate yield losses of carrot, sugarbeet, wheat, and potato caused by cyst-forming nematodes (heterodera and globodera species) in several provinces of italy. soil samples were collected at planting in 0.5-ha sampling areas distributed in each crop's major production area. yield loss estimates were based on nematode population estimates and on curves derived earlier relating nematode densities with crop yields in italy. estimated yield loss values w ... | 1993 | 19279850 |
| pcr detection of potato cyst nematode. | potato cyst nematode (pcn) is responsible for losses in potato production totalling millions of euros every year in the ec. it is important for growers to know which species is present in their land as this determines its subsequent use. the two species globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis can be differentiated using an allele-specific pcr. | 2009 | 19301763 |
| a high-resolution map of the grp1 locus on chromosome v of potato harbouring broad-spectrum resistance to the cyst nematode species globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis. | the grp1 locus confers broad-spectrum resistance to the potato cyst nematode species globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis and is located in the gp21-gp179 interval on the short arm of chromosome v of potato. a high-resolution map has been developed using the diploid mapping population rham026, comprising 1,536 genotypes. the flanking markers gp21 and gp179 have been used to screen the 1,536 genotypes for recombination events. interval mapping of the resistances to g. pallida pa2 and g. ... | 2009 | 19363662 |
| functional characterisation of a cyst nematode acetylcholinesterase gene using caenorhabditis elegans as a heterologous system. | migration of plant-parasitic nematode infective larval stages through soil and invasion of roots requires perception and integration of sensory cues culminating in particular responses that lead to root penetration and parasite establishment. components of the chemoreceptive neuronal circuitry involved in these responses are targets for control measures aimed at preventing infection. here we report, to our knowledge, the first isolation of cyst nematode ace-2 genes encoding acetylcholinesterase ... | 2009 | 19367833 |
| the cyst nematode sprysec protein rbp-1 elicits gpa2- and rangap2-dependent plant cell death. | plant nb-lrr proteins confer robust protection against microbes and metazoan parasites by recognizing pathogen-derived avirulence (avr) proteins that are delivered to the host cytoplasm. microbial avr proteins usually function as virulence factors in compatible interactions; however, little is known about the types of metazoan proteins recognized by nb-lrr proteins and their relationship with virulence. in this report, we demonstrate that the secreted protein rbp-1 from the potato cyst nematode ... | 2009 | 19714238 |
| comparison of the chromosome maps around a resistance hot spot on chromosome 5 of potato and tomato using bac-fish painting. | potato chromosome 5 harbours numerous genes for important qualitative and quantitative traits, such as resistance to the root cyst nematode globodera pallida and the late blight fungus, phytophthora infestans. the genes make up part of a "hot spot" for resistances to various pathogens covering a genetic map length of 3 cm between markers gp21 and gp179. we established the physical size and position of this region on chromosome 5 in potato and tomato using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish ... | 2010 | 20140028 |
| molecular aspects of cyst nematodes. | summary taxonomy: superkingdom eukaryota; kingdom metazoa; phylum nematoda; class chromadorea; order tylenchida; suborder tylenchina; superfamily tylenchoidea; family heteroderidae; subfamily heteroderinae; main genera heterodera and globodera. host range: cyst nematodes comprise approximately 100 known species in six genera. they are pathogens of temperate, subtropical and tropical plant species and the host range of many species is narrow. the most economically important species are within the ... | 2005 | 20565681 |
| determination of relative proportions of globodera species in mixed populations of potato cyst nematodes using pcr product melting peak analysis. | summary using a novel approach based on melting peak analysis of pcr products, we have developed a semi-quantitative assay to measure the relative proportions of globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis in a sample of potato cyst nematodes (pcn). the method depends on a competitive multiplex pcr where the products of each species can be separated by their distinct melting temperatures (t(m)). the melting curves of the products are measured by continual fluorescence monitoring in the presenc ... | 2002 | 20569321 |
| transcriptome analysis shows differential gene expression in the saprotrophic to parasitic transition of pochonia chlamydosporia. | expression profiles were identified in the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia, a biological control agent of plant parasitic nematodes, through a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach. two isolates with different host ranges, imi 380407 and imi 331547, were assayed in conditions of saprotrophic-to-parasitic transition, through in vitro assays. gene expression profiles from three different nutritional conditions and four sampling times were generated, with eggs of host nematodes globod ... | 2011 | 21541788 |
| the mitochondrial genome of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | we sequenced the entire coding region of the mitochondrial genome of heterodera glycines. the sequence obtained comprised 14.9 kb, with pcr evidence indicating that the entire genome comprised a single, circular molecule of approximately 21-22 kb. the genome is the most t-rich nematode mitochondrial genome reported to date, with t representing over half of all nucleotides on the coding strand. the genome also contains the highest number of poly(t) tracts so far reported (to our knowledge), with ... | 2011 | 21745140 |
| the evolution of the gp-rbp-1 gene in globodera pallida includes multiple selective replacements. | the globodera pallida sprysec gp-rbp-1 gene encodes a secreted protein which induces effector-triggered immunity (eti) mediated by the solanum tuberosum disease resistance gene gpa2. nonetheless, it is not known how the andes orogeny, the richness in solanum species found along the cordillera or the introduction of the nematode into europe have affected the diversity of gp-rbp-1 and its recognition by gpa2. we generated a dataset of 157 highly polymorphic gp-rbp-1 sequences and identified three ... | 2011 | 22192092 |
| Pasteuria endospores from Heterodera cajani (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) exhibit inverted attachment and altered germination in cross-infection studies with Globodera pallida (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). | The Pasteuria group of Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria are parasites of invertebrates and exhibit differences in host specificity. We describe a cross-infection study between an isolate of Pasteuria from pigeon pea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani, which also infects the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, from the United Kingdom. A proportion of the attached endospores, 13% on H. cajani and 22% on G. pallida adhere to the cuticle in an inverted orientation. Inverted and conventio ... | 2011 | 22092805 |
| the effect of linalool on second-stage juveniles of the potato cyst nematodes globodera rostochiensis and g. pallida. | linalool is either a toxic compound to a few species of plant parasitic nematodes or attractive to entomopathogenic nematodes. this compound is produced and emitted by several host plants of globodera rostochiensis and g. pallida, the potato cyst nematodes (pcn). with the aim to reveal the effect of linalool on pcn, laboratory assays were carried out. survival of pcn second-stage juveniles (j2s) in water + linalool control did not differ; thus, proving linalool to be nontoxic to pcn. behavioral ... | 2011 | 23430380 |
| a comparison of three molecular markers for the identification of populations of globodera pallida. | potato cyst nematodes cost the potato industry substantial financial losses annually. through the use of molecular markers, the distribution and infestation routes of these nematodes can be better elucidated, permitting the development of more effective preventative methods. here we assess the ability of three molecular markers to resolve multiple representatives of five globodera pallida populations as monophyletic groups. molecular markers included a region of the rbp-1 gene (an effector), a n ... | 2012 | 23482966 |
| structural determinants at the interface of the arc2 and leucine-rich repeat domains control the activation of the plant immune receptors rx1 and gpa2. | many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain, nb-arc, is tethered to a lrr sensor domain. the cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly understood. here, we report structural determinants governing the interaction between the nb-arc and lrr in the highly homologous plant immune receptors gpa2 and rx1, which recogniz ... | 2013 | 23660837 |
| evolution and variability of solanum rangap2, a cofactor in the incompatible interaction between the resistance protein gpa2 and the globodera pallida effector gp-rbp-1. | the ran gtpase activating protein 2 (rangap2) was first described as a regulator of mitosis and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. it was then found to interact with the coiled-coil domain of the rx and gpa2 resistance proteins, which confer resistance to potato virus x (pvx) and potato cyst nematode globodera pallida, respectively. rangap2 is thought to mediate recognition of the avirulence protein gp-rbp-1 by gpa2. however, the gpa2-induced hypersensitive response appears to be relatively weak and ... | 2013 | 23601377 |
| identification and characterisation of a hyper-variable apoplastic effector gene family of the potato cyst nematodes. | sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs that modify host root tissues, using a suite of effector proteins to create and maintain a feeding site that is their sole source of nutrition. using assumptions about the characteristics of genes involved in plant-nematode biotrophic interactions to inform the identification strategy, we provide a description and characterisation of a novel group of hyper-variable extracellular effectors termed hyp, from the potato cyst nematode globodera ... | 2014 | 25255291 |
| genomic characterisation of the effector complement of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida has biotrophic interactions with its host. the nematode induces a feeding structure - the syncytium - which it keeps alive for the duration of the life cycle and on which it depends for all nutrients required to develop to the adult stage. interactions of g. pallida with the host are mediated by effectors, which are produced in two sets of gland cells. these effectors suppress host defences, facilitate migration and induce the formation of the syncytium ... | 2014 | 25342461 |
| nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides. | plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) seriously threaten global food security. conventionally an integrated approach to ppn management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. this progressive withdrawal has left a significant shortcoming in our ability to manage these economically important parasites, and highlights the need for novel and robust control methods. nematodes can assimilate exog ... | 2017 | 28241060 |
| an annexin-like protein from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae suppresses plant defense. | parasitism genes encoding secreted effector proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes play important roles in facilitating parasitism. an annexin-like gene was isolated from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae (termed ha-annexin) and had high similarity to annexin 2, which encodes a secreted protein of globodera pallida. ha-annexin encodes a predicted 326 amino acid protein containing four conserved annexin domains. southern blotting revealed that there are at least two homologies in the h. a ... | 2015 | 25849616 |
| activation of hatching in diapaused and quiescent globodera pallida. | the potato cyst nematodes (pcn) globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis are major pests of potatoes. the g. pallida (and g. rostochiensis) life cycle includes both diapause and quiescent stages. nematodes in dormancy (diapause or quiescent) are adapted for long-term survival and are more resistant to nematicides. this study analysed the mechanisms underlying diapause and quiescence. the effects of several compounds (8br-cgmp, oxotremorine and atropine) on the activation of hatching were studied. ... | 2013 | 23253858 |
| preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida. | the expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. promoter regions from the three genes, tub-1, arsk1 and rpl16a were linked to the gus reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne in ... | 2004 | 17166138 |
| prospecting fungal parasites of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida using a rapid screening technique. | seven filamentous fungal species were isolated from individual eggs of globodera pallida cysts collected from infested fields in shelley idaho, usa and identified as chaetomium globosum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani, fusarium tricinctum, microdochium bolleyi, purpureocillium lilacinum, and plectosphaerella cucumerina. their ability to reduce infection by g. pallida in planta were assessed in simple, reproducible micro-rhizosphere chambers (micro-rocs). all fungi reduced g. pallida infecti ... | 2017 | 28375550 |
| climate change is predicted to alter the current pest status of globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis in the united kingdom. | the potato cyst nematodes globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis are economically important plant pathogens causing losses to uk potato harvests estimated at £50 m/ year. implications of climate change on their future pest status have not been fully considered. here, we report growth of female g. pallida and g. rostochiensis over the range 15 to 25°c. females per plant and their fecundity declined progressively with temperatures above 17.5°c for g. pallida, whilst females per plant were optimal ... | 2017 | 28261933 |
| graphical genotyping as a method to map ny (o,n)sto and gpa5 using a reference panel of tetraploid potato cultivars. | the method of graphical genotyping is applied to a panel of tetraploid potato cultivars to visualize haplotype sharing. the method allowed to map genes involved in virus and nematode resistance. the physical coordinates of the amount of linkage drag surrounding these genes are easily interpretable. graphical genotyping is a visually attractive and easily interpretable method to represent genetic marker data. in this paper, the method is extended from diploids to a panel of tetraploid potato cult ... | 2017 | 27872942 |
| characterization of three novel fatty acid- and retinoid-binding protein genes (ha-far-1, ha-far-2 and hf-far-1) from the cereal cyst nematodes heterodera avenae and h. filipjevi. | heterodera avenae and h. filipjevi are major parasites of wheat, reducing production worldwide. both are sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, and their development and parasitism depend strongly on nutrients obtained from hosts. secreted fatty acid- and retinol-binding (far) proteins are nematode-specific lipid carrier proteins used for nutrient acquisition as well as suppression of plant defenses. in this study, we obtained three novel far genes ha-far-1 (ku877266), ha-far-2 (ku877267), hf-far-1 ... | 2016 | 27479008 |
| field evaluation of the nematicide fluensulfone for control of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | three field experiments evaluated the performance of the nematicide fluensulfone against the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida in shropshire, england. | 2016 | 27241192 |
| isolation and characterization of a fatty acid- and retinoid-binding protein from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae. | a gene encoding fatty acid- and retinoid-binding protein was isolated from the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae and the biochemical function of the protein that it encodes was analysed. the full-length cdna of the ha-far-1 gene is 827 bp long and includes a 22- nucleotide trans-spliced leader sequence (sl1) at its 5-end. the genomic clone of ha-far-1 consists of eight exons separated by seven introns, which range in size from 48 to 186 bp. the ha-far-1 cdna contains an open reading frame e ... | 2016 | 27240755 |
| adaptation to resistant hosts increases fitness on susceptible hosts in the plant parasitic nematode globodera pallida. | trade-offs between virulence (defined as the ability to infect a resistant host) and life-history traits are of particular interest in plant pathogens for durable management of plant resistances. adaptation to plant resistances (i.e., virulence acquisition) is indeed expected to be associated with a fitness cost on susceptible hosts. here, we investigated whether life-history traits involved in the fitness of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida are affected in a virulent lineage compared ... | 2016 | 27066239 |
| exogenous rna interference exposes contrasting roles for sugar exudation in host-finding by plant pathogens. | plant parasitic nematodes (ppn) locate host plants by following concentration gradients of root exudate chemicals in the soil. we present a simple method for rna interference (rnai)-induced knockdown of genes in tomato seedling roots, facilitating the study of root exudate composition, and ppn responses. knockdown of sugar transporter genes, stp1 and stp2, in tomato seedlings triggered corresponding reductions of glucose and fructose, but not xylose, in collected root exudate. this corresponded ... | 2016 | 27033013 |
| horizontal gene transfer from bacteria has enabled the plant-parasitic nematode globodera pallida to feed on host-derived sucrose. | the evolution of plant-parasitic nematodes (ppn) is unusual in that these organisms have acquired a range of genes from bacteria via horizontal gene transfer (hgt). the proteins encoded by most of these genes are involved in metabolism of various components of the plant cell wall during invasion of the host. recent genome sequencing projects for ppn have shown that glycosyl hydrolase family 32 (gh32) sequences are present in several ppn species. these sequences are absent from almost all other a ... | 2016 | 26915958 |
| gene expression changes in diapause or quiescent potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida, eggs after hydration or exposure to tomato root diffusate. | plant-parasitic nematodes (ppn) need to be adapted to survive in the absence of a suitable host or in hostile environmental conditions. various forms of developmental arrest including hatching inhibition and dauer stages are used by ppn in order to survive these conditions and spread to other areas. potato cyst nematodes (pcn) (globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis) are frequently in an anhydrobiotic state, with unhatched nematode persisting for extended periods of time inside the cyst in the a ... | 2016 | 26870612 |
| microbial communities in globodera pallida females raised in potato monoculture soil. | globodera spp. are under strict quarantine in many countries. suppressiveness to cyst nematodes can evolve under monoculture of susceptible hosts. females developing in potato monoculture soil infested with g. pallida populations chavornay or delmsen were examined for inherent microbial communities. in the greenhouse, nonheated and heat-treated (134°c for 10 min) portions of this soil were placed in root observation chambers, planted with solanum tuberosum 'selma', and inoculated with g. pallida ... | 2016 | 26863445 |
| analysis of the transcriptome of the infective stage of the beet cyst nematode, h. schachtii. | the beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, is a major root pest that significantly impacts the yield of sugar beet, brassicas and related species. there has been limited molecular characterisation of this important plant pathogen: to identify target genes for its control the transcriptome of the pre-parasitic j2 stage of h. schachtii was sequenced using roche gs flx. ninety seven percent of reads (i.e., 387,668) with an average phred score > 22 were assembled with cap3 and clc genomics workbe ... | 2016 | 26824923 |
| a metagenetic approach to determine the diversity and distribution of cyst nematodes at the level of the country, the field and the individual. | distinct populations of the potato cyst nematode (pcn) globodera pallida exist in the uk that differ in their ability to overcome various sources of resistance. an efficient method for distinguishing between populations would enable pathogen-informed cultivar choice in the field. science and advice for scottish agriculture (sasa) annually undertake national dna diagnostic tests to determine the presence of pcn in potato seed and ware land by extracting dna from soil floats. these dna samples pro ... | 2015 | 26607216 |
| heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences. | deviations of genotypic frequencies from hardy-weinberg equilibrium (hwe) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. deviations from hwe due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. however, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a wahlund effect. the aim of the present work was, while taking into th ... | 2015 | 25735762 |
| qtl mapping in autotetraploids using snp dosage information. | dense linkage maps derived by analysing snp dosage in autotetraploids provide detailed information about the location of, and genetic model at, quantitative trait loci. recent developments in sequencing and genotyping technologies enable researchers to generate high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotype data for mapping studies. for polyploid species, the snp genotypes are informative about allele dosage, and hackett et al. (plos one 8:e63939, 2013) presented theory about how dos ... | 2014 | 24981609 |
| biofumigation with brassica juncea, raphanus sativus and eruca sativa for the management of field populations of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | the viability of potato cyst nematode (pcn) populations (globodera pallida) was evaluated in three field experiments using brassica juncea, raphanus sativus and eruca sativa amendments. these species were summer cultivated and autumn incorporated in experiment 1; in experiment 2, overwintered brassicaceous cover crops were spring incorporated. experiment 3 involved determination of effects of metconazole application on biomass/glucosinolate production by b. juncea and r. sativus and on pcn pre- ... | 2015 | 24965697 |
| styletchip: a microfluidic device for recording host invasion behaviour and feeding of plant parasitic nematodes. | plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) infest the roots of crops and cause global losses with a severe economic impact on food production. current chemical control agents are being removed from use due to environmental and toxicity concerns and there is a need for new approaches to crop protection. a key feature of parasitic behaviour for the majority of ppns is a hollow stomastyle or odontostyle required for interaction with the host plant and feeding. this lance-like microscopic structure, often cal ... | 2014 | 24839944 |
| de novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of the cereal cyst nematode, heterodera avenae. | the cereal cyst nematode (ccn, heterodera avenae) is a major pest of wheat (triticum spp) that reduces crop yields in many countries. cyst nematodes are obligate sedentary endoparasites that reproduce by amphimixis. here, we report the first transcriptome analysis of two stages of h. avenae. after sequencing extracted rna from pre parasitic infective juvenile and adult stages of the life cycle, 131 million illumina high quality paired end reads were obtained which generated 27,765 contigs with n ... | 2014 | 24802510 |
| the genome and life-stage specific transcriptomes of globodera pallida elucidate key aspects of plant parasitism by a cyst nematode. | globodera pallida is a devastating pathogen of potato crops, making it one of the most economically important plant parasitic nematodes. it is also an important model for the biology of cyst nematodes. cyst nematodes and root-knot nematodes are the two most important plant parasitic nematode groups and together represent a global threat to food security. | 2014 | 24580726 |
| anaerobic soil disinfestation in microcosms of two sandy soils. | in recent years, anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) has been proposed as an alternative control method of soil-borne plant pathogens. it involves adding a labile carbon source, irrigating the soil to stimulate decomposition of organic material and then covering the soil with air-tight plastic to limit gas exchange. during the asd process, soil microorganisms switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. as a result, by-products of anaerobic metabolism are released into the soil environment such ... | 2014 | 26084078 |
| penicillium oxalicum reduces the number of cysts and juveniles of potato cyst nematodes. | to test the biocontrol potential of penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent against fungal diseases and against the potato cyst nematodes (pcns), globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis. | 2013 | 23560806 |
| flp-32 ligand/receptor silencing phenocopy faster plant pathogenic nematodes. | restrictions on nematicide usage underscore the need for novel control strategies for plant pathogenic nematodes such as globodera pallida (potato cyst nematode) that impose a significant economic burden on plant cultivation activities. the nematode neuropeptide signalling system is an attractive resource for novel control targets as it plays a critical role in sensory and motor functions. the fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) form the largest and most diverse family of neuropeptides in invertebrat ... | 2013 | 23468621 |
| comparison of transcript profiles in different life stages of the nematode globodera pallida under different host potato genotypes. | the potato cyst nematodes (pcns) globodera pallida and globodera rostochiensis are important parasites of potato. pcns undergo complex biotrophic interactions with their hosts that involve gene expression changes in both the nematode and the host plant. the aim of this study was to determine key genes that are differentially expressed in globodera pallida life cycle stages and during the initiation of the feeding site in susceptible and partially resistant potato genotypes. for this purpose, two ... | 2012 | 22863280 |
| evidence of animal mtdna recombination between divergent populations of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | recombination is typically assumed to be absent in animal mitochondrial genomes (mtdna). however, the maternal mode of inheritance means that recombinant products are indistinguishable from their progenitor molecules. the majority of studies of mtdna recombination assess past recombination events, where patterns of recombination are inferred by comparing the mtdna of different individuals. few studies assess contemporary mtdna recombination, where recombinant molecules are observed as direct mos ... | 2012 | 22576954 |
| paternal leakage of mitochondrial dna in experimental crosses of populations of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | animal mtdna is typically assumed to be maternally inherited. paternal mtdna has been shown to be excluded from entering the egg or eliminated post-fertilization in several animals. however, in the contact zones of hybridizing species and populations, the reproductive barriers between hybridizing organisms may not be as efficient at preventing paternal mtdna inheritance, resulting in paternal leakage. we assessed paternal mtdna leakage in experimental crosses of populations of a cyst-forming nem ... | 2011 | 22555855 |
| novel bioassay demonstrates attraction of the white potato cyst nematode globodera pallida (stone) to non-volatile and volatile host plant cues. | potato cyst nematodes (pcns) are a major pest of solanaceous crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants and have been widely studied over the last 30 years, with the majority of earlier studies focusing on the identification of natural hatching factors. as a novel approach, we focused instead on chemicals involved in nematode orientation towards its host plant. a new dual choice sand bioassay was designed to study nematode responses to potato root exudates (pre). this bioassay, conducted to ... | 2012 | 22527050 |
| transgenic potatoes for potato cyst nematode control can replace pesticide use without impact on soil quality. | current and future global crop yields depend upon soil quality to which soil organisms make an important contribution. the european union seeks to protect european soils and their biodiversity for instance by amending its directive on pesticide usage. this poses a challenge for control of globodera pallida (a potato cyst nematode) for which both natural resistance and rotational control are inadequate. one approach of high potential is transgenically based resistance. this work demonstrates the ... | 2012 | 22359559 |
| improvement of anaerobic soil disinfestation. | with increasing worldwide restrictions for soil fumigants, growers loose an important tool to control soilborne pests and pathogens. environmentally friendly alternatives are urgently needed and anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) may be one of them. traditional asd with fresh grass is already applied in open field vegetables but the mode of action is unknown. therefore, trials were performed under controlled conditions using soil-filled buckets, in which several processed defined organic materi ... | 2012 | 23885444 |
| biofumigation for control of pale potato cyst nematodes: activity of brassica leaf extracts and green manures on globodera pallida in vitro and in soil. | the effects of brassica green manures on globodera pallida were assessed in vitro and in soil microcosms. twelve of 22 brassica accessions significantly inhibited the motility of g. pallida infective juveniles in vitro. green manures of selected brassicas were then incorporated into soil containing encysted eggs of g. pallida. their effect on egg viability was estimated by quantifying nematode actin 1 mrna by rt-qpcr. the leaf glucosinolate profiles of the plants were determined by high-performa ... | 2011 | 21718044 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of globodera populations from oregon and idaho. | an unusual population of cyst nematode was found in soils collected from a powell butte, or field with a cropping history including potato, wheat, other crops, and significant weed presence. these nematodes could not be placed with certainty into any known species and exhibited some unique morphological features in some specimens. compared with globodera pallida, the cyst body length was slightly longer and the second-stage juvenile stylet length was slightly shorter. in some individuals, the j2 ... | 2011 | 21391826 |
| effective delivery of a nematode-repellent peptide using a root-cap-specific promoter. | the potential of the mdk4-20 promoter of arabidopsis thaliana to direct effective transgenic expression of a secreted nematode-repellent peptide was investigated. its expression pattern was studied in both transgenic arabidopsis and solanum tuberosum (potato) plants. it directed root-specific β-glucuronidase expression in both species that was chiefly localized to cells of the root cap. use of the fluorescent timer protein dsred-e5 established that the mdk4-20 promoter remains active for longer ... | 2011 | 20602721 |
| enhancement of the efficacy of a carbamate nematicide against the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida, through mycorrhization in commercial potato fields. | two experiments were conducted over 2 years in commercial potato fields in shropshire, uk, to evaluate the compatibility of the nematicide aldicarb with commercial inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the control of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. the amf used were vaminoc (mixed-amf inoculum), glomus intraradices (biorize bb-e) and g. mosseae (isolate beg 12). in the absence of amf, the in-soil hatch of g. pallida increased 30% (p < 0.01) from wk-2 to wk-4 after planting ... | 2010 | 22736833 |
| development of diagnostic markers for use in breeding potatoes resistant to globodera pallida pathotype pa2/3 using germplasm derived from solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena cpc 2802. | quantitative resistance to globodera pallida pathotype pa2/3, originally derived from solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena commonwealth potato collection (cpc) accession 2802, is present in several potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines. one genetic component of this resistance, a large effect quantitative trait locus (qtl) on linkage group iv (which we have renamed gpaiv(adg)(s)) has previously been mapped in the tetraploid breeding line 12601ab1. in this study, we show that gpaiv(adg)(s) is a ... | 2010 | 19882336 |
| identification and functional characterization of effectors in expressed sequence tags from various life cycle stages of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | in this article, we describe the analysis of over 9000 expressed sequence tags (ests) from cdna libraries obtained from various life cycle stages of globodera pallida. we have identified over 50 g. pallida effectors from this dataset using bioinformatics analysis, by screening clones in order to identify secreted proteins up-regulated after the onset of parasitism and using in situ hybridization to confirm the expression in pharyngeal gland cells. a substantial gene family encoding g. pallida sp ... | 2009 | 19849787 |
| gpaxi ( tar ) ( l ) originating from solanum tarijense is a major resistance locus to globodera pallida and is localised on chromosome 11 of potato. | resistance to globodera pallida rookmaker (pa3), originating from wild species solanum tarijense was identified by qtl analysis and can be largely ascribed to one major qtl. gpaxi ( tar ) ( l ) explained 81.3% of the phenotypic variance in the disease test. gpaxi ( tar ) ( l ) is mapped to the long arm of chromosome 11. another minor qtl explained 5.3% of the phenotypic variance and mapped to the long arm of chromosome 9. clones containing both qtl showed no lower cyst counts than clones with on ... | 2009 | 19816672 |
| short interfering rna-mediated gene silencing in globodera pallida and meloidogyne incognita infective stage juveniles. | the analysis of gene function through rna interference (rnai)-based reverse genetics in plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) remains inexplicably reliant on the use of long double-stranded rna (dsrna) silencing triggers; a practice inherently disadvantageous due to the introduction of superfluous dsrna sequence, increasing chances of aberrant or off-target gene silencing through interactions between nascent short interfering rnas (sirnas) and non-cognate mrna targets. recently, we have shown that no ... | 2010 | 19651131 |
| non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas induce profound phenotypic changes in meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida infective juveniles. | nine non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas (dsrnas), designed for use as controls in rna interference (rnai) screens of neuropeptide targets, were found to induce aberrant phenotypes and an unexpected inhibitory effect on motility of root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita j2s following 24h soaks in 0.1 mg/ml dsrna; a simple soaking procedure which we have found to elicit profound knockdown of neuronal targets in globodera pallida j2s. we have established that this inhibitory phenomenon is ... | 2009 | 19482028 |
| the effects of founding events and agricultural practices on the genetic structure of three metapopulations of globodera pallida. | to assess the genetic constitution of the globodera pallida populations in the netherlands and the effects of agricultural practices, three geographically separated metapopulations, in total consisting of 226 local populations, were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-dge) of total proteins. this technique allows the accurate assessment of allele frequencies in homogenates of mixtures of individuals. based on the estimated average heterozygosity, the average proportion of polymorp ... | 2001 | 18944032 |
| management of the potato cyst nematode (globodera pallida) with bio-fumigants/stimulants. | field trials evaluated the effect of four plant-based bio-fumigants/stimulants on population levels of g. pallida and the resulting potato yields and quality. three formulations contained seaweed biostimulants (algifol, nutridip and metastim) and one bio-fumigant containing mustard and chilli pepper extracts (dazitol). these were compared with the fumigant nematicide nemathorin and untreated control plots. the effect of g. pallida on growing potato crops was assessed by recording haulm character ... | 2007 | 18399503 |
| sequence polymorphism of 2 pioneer genes expressed in phytoparasitic nematodes showing different host ranges. | in order to identify genes involved in pathogenicity, we compared the closely related species globodera pallida (gp) and globodera "mexicana" (gm) that have different host ranges and are able to produce viable and fertile hybrids. three pioneer genes were previously identified as differentially expressed between gp and gm: gplia7 and gplib3 were found to be more highly expressed in gp, whereas gmlivg9 was found more highly expressed in gm. in this study, we showed that ia7 and ivg9 genes probabl ... | 2007 | 17641148 |
| identification of plant genes regulated in resistant potato solanum sparsipilum during the early stages of infection by globodera pallida. | using a complementary (c)dna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) approach, we investigated differential gene expression linked to resistance mechanisms during the incompatible potato - globodera pallida interaction. expression was compared between a resistant and a susceptible potato clone, inoculated or not inoculated with g. pallida. these clones were issued from a cross between the resistant solanum sparsipilum spl329.18 accession and the susceptible dihaploid s. tuberosum caspar h3 ... | 2007 | 17546100 |
| segregation and recombination of a multipartite mitochondrial dna in populations of the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | the discovery that the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida has a multipartite mitochondrial dna (mtdna) composed, at least in part, of six small circular mtdnas (scmtdnas) raised a number of questions concerning the population-level processes that might act on such a complex genome. here we report our observations on the distribution of some scmtdnas among a sample of european and south american g. pallida populations. the occurrence of sequence variants of scmtdna iv in population p4a from s ... | 2007 | 17541676 |