| [distribution of mercury in the fruit-bodies of boletus edulis and agaricus species (authors transl)]. | the mercury content of various parts of single fruit-bodies of the yellow bolete boletus edulis (n = 26), the field-mushroom agaricus campester (n = 23) and of agaricus silvicola (n = 17) was determined by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. in each species the lowest mercury content was found in the stem (x = 1,96--3,21 mg/kg dry wt.), whereas the caps contained significantly more mercury (x = 4,19--6,97 mg/kg dry wt.). the highest mercury content was found in the gills and tubes (x = 4,8 ... | 1976 | 987666 |
| concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and copper in mushrooms in the vicinity of a lead smelter. | the concentrations of four heavy metals in 149 samples of mushroom fruiting bodies, representing 11 species, mainly all edible, were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the mushrooms were collected up to a distance of 6 km from a lead smelter in central bohemia (czechoslovakia) in operation since 1786. lead was accumulated extensively by lepiota rhacodes and lepista nuda. among other species, significant accumulation was found up to a distance of 1 km from the source. concentrations of ... | 1991 | 1925517 |
| bioavailability of selenium in mushrooms, boletus edulis, to young women. | the bioavailability of selenium (se) in mushrooms, boletus edulis, to young finnish women was studied by giving them 150 micrograms se as mushrooms for 4 weeks. the indicators of body selenium status were plasma and erythrocyte se levels and plasma and platelet glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity. the se level in erythrocytes increased significantly (26%), while only slight enhancement were found in plasma se and plasma or platelet gsh-px activity. the results indicate that the metabolism o ... | 1986 | 3781756 |
| growth of the mycelium of boletus edulis on agar media and in submerged liquid cultures. | | 1972 | 4538631 |
| [chemical evaluation of the nutritional value of boletus edulis. ii. level of exogenous amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, iron and fats in boletus edulis]. | | 1968 | 5691020 |
| the selenium content of edible mushrooms in finland. | in this investigation the selenium contents of 142 mushroom samples were determined. the majority of the samples were wild finnish mushroom species generally used for human consumption. the selenium contents of some cultivated mushrooms were also determined. in all, the material analyzed consisted of 38 different mushroom species. selenium concentrations were assayed after modified wet and dry ashing, by atomic-absorption spectrometry using the hydride technique and the standard-addition procedu ... | 1983 | 6685955 |
| the mutagenicity of some edible mushrooms in the ames test. | the mutagenic activity of five wild and two cultivated species of edible mushrooms was studied in the ames salmonella/microsome test system. the wild mushrooms tested were four species of the genus lactarius (l. necator, l. torminosus, l. helvus and l. rufus) and bolete (boletus edulis). the cultivated species were champignon (agaricus bisporus) and shiitake (lentinus edodes). all the mushrooms were mutagenic to tester strains sensitive to base-pair substitution mutagens, and l. necator, l. rufu ... | 1982 | 7201952 |
| [mineral and amino acid contents of edible, cultivated shii-take mushrooms (lentinus edodes)]. | world wide about 200,000 tons of shii-take mushrooms (lentinus edodes) are produced per year. different positive biological effects are known (anticarcinogenic, anticholesterol, immunostimulating effects), but the mineral contents and amino acid composition of caps and stipes are still little investigated. the concentrations of minerals are in general lower than those in the cultivated white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) and in the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus). the greatest differences a ... | 1995 | 7571860 |
| [poisoning by green and white mushrooms at a special hepatology unit, 1989-1994]. | in the period 1989-1994 eight patients, who were intoxicated with the mushrooms amanita phalloides (death cap) or amanita virosa (deadly agaric) were treated at a department of hepatology. all patients had had a symptom free period of more than eight hours before the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms; these symptoms lasting in many cases for several days. all patients had biochemical signs of hepatocellular damage and three patients developed hepatic encephalopathy, fulfilling the criteria for ... | 1995 | 7645091 |
| levels of some trace elements in edible fungi. | a number of common edible fungi were analysed for their contents of pg, cd, cr, ni, co, zn, cu, mn and se. the results indicate that the cd level in the species rozites caperata can be as high as several mg/kg fresh weight. in lycoperdon perlatum and macrolepiota procera the pb level was found to be up to 2.5 mg/kg. the ni level was at or below 0.1 mg/kg in all species, with the exception of albatrellus ovinus, which had a mean concentration of 0.72 mg/kg. the level of cr was highest in m. proce ... | 1995 | 8525697 |
| [mercury in mushrooms and underlying substrate from the area of polanowice in the county of gubin, district of zielona g'ora]. | the total mercury concentration was determined in caps and stalks of 16 species of higher mushrooms and in fall 1994 at the forested area near village of polanowice on the western border of poland in county of gubin, district of zielona góra. the method of measurement was cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion of the samples with concentrated nitric acid in whole glass apparatus consisting of round bottom flask, partial condenser and a water cooler. totally 254 fruiting b ... | 1996 | 9102795 |
| ingestive and inhalative allergy to the mushroom boletus edulis. | this is the first report on inhalative and ingestive allergy to the common edible mushroom boletus edulis (be) (english, edible boletus; german, steinpilz; french, bolet; italian, porcino or boleto) belonging to the class basidiomycetes. four cases observed in our allergy unit are presented, showing different clinical manifestations of this rare allergy: as an occupational problem or life-threatening anaphylactic reactions after eating be. in all cases, skin prick-to-prick tests with raw be were ... | 1997 | 9265990 |
| uses of mushrooms by finns and karelians. | finns have adopted two traditions of mushroom use: one, the old roman tradition, came through france and sweden to the educated, mostly swedish speaking people of southwest finland; the other came from the east via karelia and was adopted by ordinary country folk. this eastern tradition is still maintained among the karelinas living in tver government in russia. even the use of amanita muscaria for killing flies is still utilized there. the western tradition favoured chanterelles and boletus edu ... | 1998 | 9567575 |
| food allergy to boletus edulis. | | 1998 | 9648715 |
| preliminary study on the determination of selenium compounds in some selenium-accumulating mushrooms. | using various chromatographic techniques (size exclusion, anion exchange, and cation exchange) combined with several detectors (neutron activation analysis and atomic fluorescence spectrometry), an attempt was made to characterize selenium compounds in some edible, selenium-accumulating mushrooms (albatrellus pes-caprae and boletus edulis). the mushrooms contained mostly low-molecular-weight (6 kda) selenium compounds. after proteolysis, only a small fraction of the extractable selenium could be ... | 2000 | 11051604 |
| [radionuclide accumulation in fruit bodies of macromycetes]. | coefficients of 137cs accumulation and 90sr were determined in macromycetes of different trophic groups (137cs in 43 species and 90sr in 19 species) in the conditions of droughty year (1992). their variability in forest formations was determined in the period from 1992 to 1998. in the year with increased atmospheric humidity (1998), two-fold rise of 137cs accumulation in fruit bodies was registered on average. the pollution of boletus edulis correlates with photosynthetically active part of betu ... | 2000 | 11155341 |
| radioactive and conventional pollutants accumulated by edible mushrooms (boletus sp.) are useful indicators of species origin. | concentrations of artificial radionuclides and trace elements in boletus samples collected in different areas of the world were detected, respectively, by gamma spectrometry and neutron activation analysis. the particular commercial value of boletus edulis, b. aestivalis, and b. pinophilus from the taro valley (parma, italy) has often stimulated local factories to trade edible boletus imported from several areas of the world as the real taro valley mushroom. starting from this evidence, the calc ... | 2001 | 11237515 |
| [content of mercury in edible mushrooms on the terrains of morag and lukta]. | mercury concentrations were determined in the caps and stalks of seven species of edible mushrooms: cantharellus cibarius, xerocomus badius, leccinum rufum, leccinum scabrum, boletus edulis, tricholoma terreum and marasmius oreades, collected at the area of the communes morag and łukta in the county of ostróda in 1997-98. the method of mercury measurement was cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) after wet digestion of the samples with concentrated nitric acid under pressure in tef ... | 2000 | 11286085 |
| [animals and fungi as allergy inducers]. | pets particularly dog and cat are the men's best friend. in the daily practice respiratory allergy to animal proteins are not uncommon and in some areas the frequency is even higher than allergy to house dust mites. in switzerland nearly half of the households keeps some kind of a domestic animal with cats followed by dogs as the principal pets. because the exposure to domestic animals is perennial, allergic symptoms such as rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma usually are less acute than due to pollen ... | 2001 | 11407231 |
| biology, life table and host specificity of the mushroom pest, brennandania lambi (acari: pygmephoroidea). | biology and life table parameters of brennandania lambi (krczal) were studied at different temperatures while feeding on white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) mycelium cultured on mushroom compost. the duration of egg and larva development, preoviposition and oviposition period, female longevity, and the time to 50% mortality declined as temperature increased from 16 to 28 degrees c. the threshold temperature of development (female) was 9 degrees c and the thermal constant for completion of develop ... | 2001 | 11523915 |
| total mercury in mushrooms and underlying soil substrate from the borecka forest, northeastern poland. | total mercury concentrations were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy in 240 composite samples of the caps, 240 of the stalks, and 16 of the whole fruiting bodies of 13 species of wild mushrooms and in 256 samples of underlying soil substrate collected from the borecka forest and the adjacent area in 1998. the area of the study is a background site with no known local sources of mercury emission. the mercury concentrations of the fruiting bodies varied largely (range between ... | 2002 | 11815805 |
| mercury in mushrooms and soil of the tarnobrzeska plain, south-eastern poland. | mercury was quantified in the fruiting bodies of 15 species of higher mushrooms and underlying soil substrate collected from the tarnobrzeska plain in south-eastern part of poland in 1995. in total, 405 samples each of caps, stalks or whole fruiting bodies and 221 samples of soil (0 10cm layer) were examined. the area under investigation can be considered generally as unpolluted with mercury since the mean concentrations in underlying soil substrate of 14 mushroom species were between 21 +/- 9 a ... | 2002 | 11929073 |
| boletus edulis: a digestion-resistant allergen may be relevant for food allergy. | fungal components can cause allergic symptoms either through inhalation, ingestion or contact. whereas respiratory allergy is thought to be induced by spores, allergic reactions following ingestion are attributed to other parts of the mushroom. reports of food-related allergic reactions due to the edible mushroom boletus edulis have occasionally been reported. | 2002 | 11994104 |
| accumulation factors of mercury in mushrooms from zaborski landscape park, poland. | total mercury concentrations were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) in 117 samples of caps, 117 of stalks and 47 of whole fruiting bodies of 13 species of wild mushrooms and in 164 underlying soil substrate collected from zaborski landscape park during 1997 and 1998. the study area is a background, forested site with rural landscape and no known local sources of mercury emission. mean mercury concentrations in mushrooms varied widely (range: 50 +/- 20 to 3700 +/- ... | 2002 | 12437292 |
| content and bioconcentration of mercury in mushrooms from northern poland. | mercury (hg) was quantified using cold vapour-atomic absorption spectrometry (cv-aas) in the fruiting bodies of nine edible and five inedible mushrooms and in underlying soil substrate samples. in total, 404 samples comprising caps and stalks and 202 samples of soil substrate (0-10 cm layer) were collected in 1996 from trójmiejski landscape park, northern poland. mean hg concentrations in the soil substrate for different species varied between 10 +/- 3 and 780 +/- 500 ng x g(-1) dry wt (range 2. ... | 2003 | 12623649 |
| mercury content and its bioconcentration factors in wild mushrooms at łukta and morag, northeastern poland. | total concentrations of mercury were determined using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas) in the fruiting bodies of 16 species of wild mushrooms and underlying soil (0-10 cm) substrates collected in the areas of the communes of morag and łukta in the county of ostróda in northeastern poland in 1997-1998. a total of 174 composite samples of caps, 174 stalks, 80 whole fruiting bodies (collectively 1254 specimens), and 252 soils were examined. among several species of mushrooms analy ... | 2003 | 12696981 |
| [peculiar observations in the determination of the biological protein-quality of chanterelle (boletus edulis) and champignon (psalliota bispora) from the dietary and therapeutic points of view. ii. convulsion-inducing effects in champignon feeding of albino rats]. | | 1957 | 13513003 |
| [isolation and study of the structure of 2 peptides demonstrated in boletus edulis fr. ex bull]. | | 1961 | 13777753 |
| [the free amino acids of boletus edulis fr. ex bull. and some related species]. | | 1961 | 13777754 |
| [study of some new combined forms of glutamic acid in boletus edulis fr. ex bull]. | | 1962 | 13922177 |
| [variations in the free amino acids of the carpophores of healthy boletus edulis fr. ex bull. and those parasitized by hypomycetes tulasneanus plow]. | | 1962 | 13922178 |
| 210po bioaccumulation by mushrooms from poland. | the paper presents results on 210po activity concentration measured in mushroom samples collected in northern poland (białogard and elblag areas). among 20 species of wild mushrooms, king bolete (boletus edulis), accumulated 210po in the highest degree. therefore this species of higher mushrooms is an excellent bioindicator for 210po radioactivity in the land environment. finally, the effective dose of polonium emission was calculated for a consumer of king bolete. wild mushroom consumption cont ... | 2003 | 14587851 |
| various selected vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and red wine residue inhibit bone resorption in rats. | to make a broad survey of the effect of components of the human diet on bone resorption, a few items from the following categories were added to rat diets: vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts and seeds, mushrooms, carbohydrate sources and beverages. the effect on bone resorption was measured by the urinary excretion of tritium released from bones of 9-wk-old rats prelabeled with tritiated tetracycline from weeks 1 to 6. the number of rats per experiment was 26--6, 5, 5, 5 and 5 in the untreated cont ... | 2003 | 14608079 |
| [selenium in selected species of mushrooms from poland]. | the selenium was quantified in the caps, stalks or a whole fruiting bodies of king bolete (boletus edulis), brown birch scaber stalk (leccinum scabrum), parasol mushroom (macrolepiota procera), fly agaric (amanita muscaria) and poison pax (paxillus involutus) collected at the various regions of poland in 1998-2001. king bolete, parasol mushroom and fly agaric were a much more abundant in selenium than brown birch scaber stalk or poison pax. some differences were observed between the selenium con ... | 2003 | 14755851 |
| multielemental speciation analysis of fungi porcini (boletus edulis) mushroom by size exclusion liquid chromatography with sequential on-line uv-icp-ms detection. | an analytical methodology to determine the molecular weight (mw) distribution patterns of several elements among different compounds present in commonly consumed edible mushrooms is presented in this work. a hyphenated technique based on size exclusion liquid chromatography (sec) coupled on-line to uv and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms) detection was used. the association of the elements to high and low mw fractions was confirmed with sequential detection by uv and icp-ms. ... | 2004 | 14995139 |
| speciation of selenium in the mushroom boletus edulis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with a collision cell. | | 2004 | 15527527 |
| increased plasma creatine kinase activities triggered by edible wild mushrooms. | the consumption of wild mushrooms is mostly based on tradition and not scientific evidence. recently the widely consumed tricholoma flavovirens caused delayed rhabdomyolysis in humans. in this study, 42 mice and 4 humans consumed t. flavovirens mixed with regular food items. in mice, the plasma creatine kinase activity increased at 9 g kg(-1)day(-1). however, the same was observed with the well-known and commercially important boletus edulis. the observed effect is probably not species-specific ... | 2005 | 15582205 |
| assessment of inter- and intra-specific variability in the main species of boletus edulis complex by its analysis. | the boletus edulis species complex includes ectomycorrhizal fungi producing edible mushrooms appreciated worldwide. however, species delineation is very difficult in these fungi, because it is based exclusively on a few, highly variable morphological features. as a consequence, a high number of taxa--including several varieties, subspecies and/or species sensu stricto--have been described in this species complex. in this paper we report on an extensive analysis of internal transcribed spacer of ... | 2005 | 15686843 |
| quantitation of nine organic acids in wild mushrooms. | the organic acids composition of six wild edible mushroom species (amanita caesarea, boletus edulis, gyroporus castaneus, lactarius deliciosus, suillus collinitus, and xerocomus chrysenteron) was determined by an hplc-uv detector method. the results showed that all of the samples presented a profile composed of at least five organic acids: citric, ketoglutaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric acids. several samples also contained oxalic, ascorbic, quinic, and shikimic acids. in a general way, the q ... | 2005 | 15853411 |
| study of heavy metals in wild edible mushrooms under different pollution conditions by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. | in this work we studied and compared the metal uptake in edible mushrooms (lepiota procera, boletus badius, boletus edulis, tricholoma equestry, lactarius deliciosus, cantarelus tubalformis and cantarelus edulis), relative to sampling sites submitted to different pollution conditions: car traffic, soil pollution due to pesticides and fertilizers used in old vineyards, and incineration of hospital waste. soil was also collected in some places, and its content was correlated to the corresponding o ... | 2005 | 16038488 |
| gold content of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi from non-auriferous and unpolluted areas. | ectomycorrhizal and saprobic macrofungi growing in the wild were collected from non-auriferous and unpolluted areas and analyzed for gold. gold was determined using long-term instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa). in total, 154 samples, including 67 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and 22 species of terrestrial saprobes, were examined. gold contents of the both groups were mostly less than 20 ng g(-1) of d.w. the highest concentrations (expressed in d.w.) were found in the ectomycorrhi ... | 2005 | 16175798 |
| occupational asthma caused by white mushroom. | the commercial growing of white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) is a frequent activity in certain spain regions as la rioja. we report two cases of white mushroom workers suffering from asthma caused by hypersensitivity to basidiocarp and spores of white mushroom. | 2005 | 16261960 |
| damage to dna and lipids in boletus edulis exposed to heavy metals. | this study investigates the potential of emissions from a zinc smelter to induce oxidative damage to dna and lipids in boletus edulis, the king bolete. concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury were determined in 16 fruit bodies collected near the smelter (exposed group), as well as in 15 reference samples. frequency of apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) sites in dna (a pre-mutagenic dna base modification) and concentration of lipid hydroperoxides were chosen as damage parameters. concentrati ... | 2005 | 16353638 |
| morphological, molecular and ecological aspects of the south american hypogeous fungus alpova austroalnicola sp. nov. | field studies in argentina's yunga district revealed alpova austroalnicola sp. nov., a hypogeous fungus associated with alnus acuminata ssp. acuminata. morphological and molecular studies based on amplification and sequencing of the nuclear lsu rdna gene showed its unique identity within alpova. related genera included in the analyses were boletus edulis, rhizopogon spp., suillus luteus and truncocolumella citrina. additional observations of animal diggings around the sites and microscopic exami ... | 2005 | 16392248 |
| suspected myotoxicity of edible wild mushrooms. | recently, the widely consumed yellow tricholoma tricholoma flavovirens caused delayed rhabdomyolysis and fatalities in humans in france and poland and triggered elevated plasma creatine kinase activities in mice. furthermore, the highly appreciated king boletus (boletus edulis) caused similar responses in experimental mice. because of this, it was hypothesized that other fungi could also contain chemical compounds that would cause similar myotoxic effects. to test the suspected myotoxicity of ot ... | 2006 | 16446499 |
| acute renal failure caused by mushroom poisoning. | despite the abundance of wild mushrooms growing in a variety of habitats in taiwan, mushroom poisoning is rarely reported. here, we report two cases of mushroom poisoning, possibly due to amanita smithiana or a related species. a 54-year-old man and his 52-year-old wife presented with acute anuric renal failure 1 day after ingesting some white mushrooms they had collected when mountain climbing; they made a full recovery following hemodialysis and supportive treatment. although rare, mushroom po ... | 2006 | 16520846 |
| molecular defense systems are expressed in the king bolete (boletus edulis) growing near metal smelters. | the induction of defense systems against metal exposure was investigated in 48 wild-growing fruiting bodies of the king bolete (boletus edulis) from two areas polluted with several transition metals from smelters, as well as five reference areas. to determine the degree of metal exposure, cadmium (cd), zinc (zn), and copper (cu) were determined in caps of fruiting bodies by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (aas), whereas mercury (hg) was determined by cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectromet ... | 2005 | 16596949 |
| wild-gathered fungi for health and rural livelihoods. | fungi are a good source of digestible proteins and fibre, are low in fat and energy and make a useful contribution to vitamin and mineral intake. in terms of current dietary advice, 80 g fungi represent one portion of vegetables. dried fungi and concentrated extracts are also used as medicines and dietary supplements. some species show strong anti-tumour and antioxidant activity by enhancing various immune system functions and lowering cholesterol levels. nevertheless, there are also some safety ... | 2006 | 16672080 |
| the origin of the glucosamine obtained in the hydrolysis of boletus edulis. | | 1915 | 16742377 |
| the sterols and carbohydrates in fungi: boletus edulis. | | 1937 | 16746327 |
| characterization and identification of field ectomycorrhizae of boletus edulis and cistus ladanifer. | field ectomycorrhizae sampled under boletus edulis and cistus ladanifer have been characterized and described in detail based on standard morphological and anatomical characters. the described ectomycorrhiza has traits typical of boletales: whitish with three differentiated plectenchymatous layers in the mantle in plan view forming ring-like structures and rhizomorphs with highly differentiated hyphae. the inflated, smooth cystidia-like clavate end cells on the surface of the rhizomorphs and the ... | 2006 | 16800301 |
| residue evaluation of the azole fungicides prochloraz and tebuconazole in the white mushroom agaricus bisporus. | | 2006 | 16832768 |
| [occupational allergic ige-mediated disease from boletus edulis: case report]. | fungal components can cause allergic symptoms either through inhalation, ingestion or contact. allergic disease from occupational exposure to boletus edulis (be) has only seldom been reported. | 2005 | 16983976 |
| contents of carboxylic acids and two phenolics and antioxidant activity of dried portuguese wild edible mushrooms. | the organic acids and phenolics compositions of nine wild edible mushrooms species (suillus bellini, tricholomopsis rutilans, hygrophorus agathosmus, amanita rubescens, russula cyanoxantha, boletus edulis, tricholoma equestre, suillus luteus, and suillus granulatus) were determined by hplc-uv and hplc-dad, respectively. the antioxidant potential of these species was also assessed by using the dpph* scavenging assay. the results showed that all of the species presented a profile composed of at le ... | 2006 | 17061830 |
| [influence of copper, cadmium on growth and cation exchange capacity of two kinds of ectomycorrhizal funguses]. | ectomycorrhizal fungus has the ability to enhance the growth of higher plants in the contaminated area, especially ruined by heavy metals. and much attention was focused on how the fungus could enhance the resistance of higher plants. we focused on the resistance of ectomycorrhizal fungus in vitro to heavy metals. in the first experiment, the mycelium biomasses of two ectomycorhizal funguses growing in the kottke media treated with different concentrations of cu and cd were measured after growth ... | 2006 | 17111629 |
| metal/metalloid contamination and isotopic composition of lead in edible mushrooms and forest soils originating from a smelting area. | high metal contents in edible mushrooms growing in severely contaminated industrial areas pose an important toxicological risk. in the presented study, trace element (pb, cd, zn, cu, ag, as, se) contents were determined in caps and stipes of three different edible mushroom species (boletus edulis bull. fr., xerocomus badius fr. gilb., xerocomus chrysenteron bull. quél.). additionally, information about the chemical fractionation of metals in separate soil horizons and pb isotopic data from soils ... | 2007 | 17346793 |
| soil fungal communities in a castanea sativa (chestnut) forest producing large quantities of boletus edulis sensu lato (porcini): where is the mycelium of porcini? | a study was conducted in a castanea sativa forest that produces large quantities of the edible mushroom porcini (boletus edulis sensu lato). the primary aim was to study porcini mycelia in the soil, and to determine if there were any possible ecological and functional interactions with other dominant soil fungi. three different approaches were used: collection and morphological identification of fruiting bodies, morphological and molecular identification of ectomycorrhizae by rdna-its sequence a ... | 2007 | 17359260 |
| new phenyl-ethanediols from the culture broth of boletus edulis. | a new phenyl-ethanediol, (1s)-(4-acetylphenyl)-1, 2-ethanediol (1), and a new natural product, (1s)-(3-ethenylphenyl)-1, 2-ethanediol (2), were isolated from the culture broth of the basidiomycete boletus edulis together with three related known compounds, 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-1, 2-ethanediol (3), 1-(3-ethylphenyl)-1, 2-ethanediol (4) and 1-(3-formylphenyl)-ethanone (5). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2d-nmr techniques. | 2007 | 17440922 |
| [direct determination of manganese in edible fungi using suspension sample introduction and hypo-sensitive wavelength by flame atomic absorption spectrometry]. | a method for the direct determination of manganese in edible fungi using suspension sample introduction and hyposensitive wavelength by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(faas) was developed without chemical treatment. agar sol was used as a suspending agent. ground and sieved edible fungi sample was suspended homogeneously in the agar sol and introduced into air-acetylene flame, and manganese in the sample was determined directly. the results showed that the method was simple, and rapid with ... | 2007 | 17655129 |
| first report of phytochelatins in a mushroom: induction of phytochelatins by metal exposure in boletus edulis. | some species of macromycetes (mushrooms) consistently are found to contain high concentrations of toxic metals such as cadmium (cd) and mercury (hg), and consumption of wild-growing mushrooms is acknowledged as a significant source for cd and hg in humans. yet little is known about the speciation of cd and hg in mushroom tissues. here we present the first evidence of peptides of the phytochelatin family being responsible for binding a large fraction of cd in caps of the macromycete boletus eduli ... | 2007 | 17682769 |
| uptake and biodegradation of ddt by 4 ectomycorrhizal fungi. | this research deals with biodegradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (ddt) by 4 selected ectomycorrhizal fungi (ecmf) species, boletus edulis, gomphidius viscidus, laccaria bicolor, and leccinum scabrum. the pure culture of the four ecmf species in a ddt environment (5 mg/l) showed that ddt almost completely disappeared from the media after 15 days, but only 40-50% was found being accumulated in mycelia. further gas chromatography mass spectrometry (gc-ms) test of the hexan ... | 2007 | 17707073 |
| [arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in king bolete boletus edulis and tolerance limits]. | in the article are reviewed and discussed available data on arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury content of the fruiting bodies of king bolete. the values of cadmuim concentration of the fruiting bodies of king bolete collected from the areas unpoluted with metals and metaloids in poland and other european countries usually are greater than an actual tolerance limits set by e.u. law for 0.2 mg/kg wet weight in cultivated mushrooms. analogically, as is for cadmium also content of lead to be sometim ... | 2006 | 17713195 |
| proteome analysis of an ectomycorrhizal fungus boletus edulis under salt shock. | soil salinization has become a severe global problem and salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses inhibiting growth and survival of mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants. salinity tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and survival of ectomycorrhizal inocula is essential to reforestation and ecosystem restoration in saline areas. proteomic changes of an ectomycorrhizal fungus, boletus edulis, when exposed to salt stress conditions (4% nacl, w/v) were determined using two-dimensional ele ... | 2007 | 17716885 |
| mercury and its bioconcentration factors in king bolete (boletus edulis) bull. fr. | the total mercury content for a representative number of the carpophores of king bolete from 13 sites across poland averaged from 1.1 +/- 1.4 to 7.6 +/- 3.1 microg/g dry matter in the caps (total variation between 0.02 and 14 microg/g dm), and from 0.82 +/- 0.71 to 3.8 +/- 1.8 microg/g dm in stalks (total variation between 0.03 and 6.7 microg/g dm). a top soil layer (0-10 cm) collected from the mushroom sampling sites showed mean mercury content at range from 0.02 +/- 0.01 to 0.05 +/- 0.02 micro ... | 2007 | 18074279 |
| evaluation of the antioxidant activity of four edible mushrooms from the central anatolia, eskisehir - turkey: lactarius deterrimus, suillus collitinus, boletus edulis, xerocomus chrysenteron. | the methanolic extracts of lactarius deterrimus, suillus collitinus, boletus edulis, xerocomus chrysenteron were analyzed for their antioxidant activities in different test systems namely beta-carotene/linoleic acid, dpph free radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities in addition to their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. in beta-carotene/linoleic acid and dpph systems, l. deterrimus and b. edulis showed the strongest activity patterns. their activities were as stron ... | 2008 | 18178083 |
| correlation between the pattern volatiles and the overall aroma of wild edible mushrooms. | volatile and semivolatile components of 11 wild edible mushrooms, suillus bellini, suillus luteus, suillus granulatus, tricholomopsis rutilans, hygrophorus agathosmus, amanita rubescens, russula cyanoxantha, boletus edulis, tricholoma equestre, fistulina hepatica, and cantharellus cibarius, were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) and by liquid extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). fifty volatiles and nonvolatiles components were formall ... | 2008 | 18266318 |
| mycorrhizal synthesis between boletus edulis species complex and rockroses (cistus sp.). | ectomycorrhizas of boletus aereus, boletus edulis, and boletus reticulatus were synthesized with cistus sp. under laboratory conditions using synthesis tubes filled with a mixture of sterilized peat-vermiculite and nutrient solution. the fungal strains isolated from sporocarps were identified by molecular techniques. the inoculated seedlings were grown for 4-5 months. the ectomycorrhizas formed were described based on standard morphological and anatomical characters. the three ectomycorrhizas de ... | 2008 | 18695982 |
| selenium in edible mushrooms. | selenium is vital to human health. this article is a compendium of virtually all the published data on total selenium concentrations, its distribution in fruitbody, bioconcentration factors, and chemical forms in wild-grown, cultivated, and selenium-enriched mushrooms worldwide. of the 190 species reviewed (belonging to 21 families and 56 genera), most are considered edible, and a few selected data relate to inedible mushrooms. most of edible mushroom species examined until now are selenium-poor ... | 2008 | 18781538 |
| construction, assembling and application of a trehalase-god enzyme electrode system. | trehalose is a disaccharide important in foods, serving as a glucose source in many and also as an additive in the food preparation. because of its peculiar physico-chemical properties it plays an important role as preservative in drying and deep-freezing treatments. a new biosensor for trehalose determination has been realized by means of a flow system, based on a reactor in which the trehalase enzyme catalyses its hydrolysis into two alpha,d-glucose molecules, and a god (glucose oxidase) amper ... | 2009 | 18815024 |
| comparative study on free amino acid composition of wild edible mushroom species. | a comparative study on the amino acid composition of 11 wild edible mushroom species (suillus bellini, suillus luteus, suillus granulatus, tricholomopsis rutilans, hygrophorus agathosmus, amanita rubescens, russula cyanoxantha, boletus edulis, tricholoma equestre, fistulina hepatica, and cantharellus cibarius) was developed. to define the qualitative and quantitative profiles, a derivatization procedure with dabsyl chloride was performed, followed by hplc-uv-vis analysis. twenty free amino acids ... | 2008 | 18942845 |
| multivariate characterization of elements accumulated in king bolete boletus edulis mushroom at lowland and high mountain regions. | based on icp-ms, icp-oes, hg-aas, cv-aas and elementary instrumental analysis of king bolete collected from four sites of different soil bedrock geochemistry considered could be as mushroom abundant in certain elements. king's bolete fruiting bodies are very rich in k (> 20 mg/g dry weight), rich in ca, mg, na, rb and zn (> 100 microg/g dw), and relatively also rich in ag, cd, cs, cu, fe, mn and se (> 10 microg/g dw). the caps of king bolete when compared to stipes around two-to three-fold more ... | 2008 | 18988107 |
| rehydration of freeze-dried and convective dried boletus edulis mushrooms: effect on some quality parameters. | quality of rehydrated products is a key aspect linked to rehydration conditions. to assess the effect of rehydration temperature on some quality parameters, experiments at 20 and 70 degrees c were performed with convective dried and freeze-dried boletus edulis mushrooms. rehydration characteristics (through peleg's parameter, k(1), and equilibrium moisture, w(e)), texture (kramer), and microstructure (cryo-scanning electron microscopy) were evaluated. freeze-dried samples absorbed water more qui ... | 2008 | 19019106 |
| occupational respiratory allergy due to boletus edulis powder. | | 2008 | 19055213 |
| water sources and controls on water-loss rates of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps during summer drought. | access to deeper soil water and water-conserving traits should reduce water stress for ectomycorrhizal fungi, permitting function during drought. here, we explored whether epigeous fruiting of ectomycorrhizal fungi during drought was facilitated by access to deep soil water, how much water was lost from sporocarps, and how sporocarp surface to volume ratios affected water-loss rates. we used oxygen stable isotope analysis of water combined with modeling of water sources used by ectomycorrhizal f ... | 2009 | 19228297 |
| [biological contamination by micromycetes in dried boletus edulis: research of aflatoxin b1, b2 g1, g2 and ochratoxin a]. | aim of this survey is to identify those filamentous fungi which parasite boletus edulis and its group and check the potential presence of secondary metabolites, specifically aflatoxin b1, total aflatoxins and ochratoxin a, in order to assess the risk to consumers' health. forty samples of dried boletus edulis, collected by two food industries which distribute the product in many italian regions, have been analysed. the sampling plan has been conducted from november 2005 to march 2006, collecting ... | 2008 | 19238880 |
| [the composition of volatile components of cepe (boletus edulis) and oyster mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus)]. | the composition of aroma compounds in cooked and canned cepe (boletus edulis) and in cooked oyster mushrooms (pleurotus ostreatus) is studied using capillary gas chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. it is found that unsaturated alcohols and ketones containing eight atoms of carbon determine the aroma of raw mushrooms and take part in the formation of the aroma of cooked mushrooms as well. the content of these compounds was the highest in canned cepes. in oyster mushrooms, the con ... | 2009 | 19382709 |
| abundance and distribution of microdispus lambi (acari: microdispidae) in spanish mushroom crops. | the myceliophagous mite microdispus lambi has become a veritable plague since 1996, when it was first observed in spanish mushroom crops, and is now causing substantial economic losses, particulary in spring and summer. this study looks at seasonal variation of the pest, its distribution on commercial farms and the population development during the crop cycle of the common white mushroom, agaricus bisporus. over a period of 18 months, 24 consecutive mushroom crop cycles were monitored and a tota ... | 2010 | 19830580 |
| nicotine determination in mushrooms by lc-ms/ms with preliminary studies on the impact of drying on nicotine formation. | a problem concerning significant amounts of nicotine in dried wild mushrooms (mainly boletus edulis from china) has been reported to the european commission. as a consequence, the european food safety authority (efsa) proposed temporary maximum residue levels (mrls) of 0.036 mg kg(-1) for fresh wild mushrooms and 1.17 mg kg(-1) for dried wild mushrooms (2.3 mg kg(-1) for dried ceps only). the efsa also highlighted the necessity for a monitoring and testing programme to be launched by food busine ... | 2010 | 20234963 |
| a phylogenetic study of boletus section boletus in europe. | a phylogenetic study of the species in boletus sect. boletus was undertaken using the molecular markers its1-5.8s-its2 and gapdh. four well-supported lineages, one comprising boletus edulis s.l., the others referring to b. aereus, b. reticulatus and b. pinophilus have been distinguished. the ml and mp trees of its showed remarkably low resolution within the b. edulis clade, and confirmed earlier published results, despite the use of samples from a wider geographical area and different hosts. the ... | 2008 | 20467482 |
| 137cs and 40k in fruiting bodies of different fungal species collected in a single forest in southern poland. | fruiting bodies of fungi belonging to more than 70 species were collected within a few thousand square meter area of one forest during 2006 and 2007. the soil profile was collected to check the cumulative deposition of (137)cs, which was relatively high, equal to 64 +/- 2 kbq/m(2) (calculated for october 2006). the majority of this activity was in the first 6 cm. fruitbodies were analyzed for radiocesium and (40)k by means of gamma-spectrometry. the highest (137)cs activity was 54.1 +/- 0.7 kbq/ ... | 2010 | 20471728 |
| tree age influences on the development of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi sporocarps in pinus sylvestris stands. | the study of factors influencing the production and development of wild edible mushroom sporocarps is extremely important in the characterization of the fungi life cycle. the main objective of this work is to determine how tree age influences the speed of sporocarp growth of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi boletus edulis and lactarius deliciosus in a pinus sylvestris stand. this study is based on information recorded on a weekly basis every autumn between 1995 and 2008 in a set of permanent plots i ... | 2011 | 20524015 |
| screening of antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical contents of edible mushrooms wildly grown in the black sea region of turkey. | the antioxidative activity of the methanol extracts obtained from twelve commonly consumed wild edible mushrooms was investigated according to the phosphomolybdenum method, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, metal chelating, o(2)(˙-), dpph(˙), peroxide and h(2)o(2) scavenging activity in the black sea region of turky, and compared to standard antioxidant compounds such as a-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (bha), butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), and trolox. total phenol ... | 2011 | 20958253 |
| structure of a lectin with antitumoral properties in king bolete (boletus edulis) mushrooms. | a novel lectin has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of the common edible mushroom boletus edulis (king bolete, penny bun, porcino or cep) by affinity chromatography on a chitin column. we propose for the lectin the name bel (b. edulis lectin). bel inhibits selectively the proliferation of several malignant cell lines and binds the neoplastic cell-specific t-antigen disaccharide, galß1-3galnac. the lectin was structurally characterized: the molecule is a homotetramer and the 142-amino acid ... | 2011 | 21303815 |
| survey on composition and bioconcentration potential of 12 metallic elements in king bolete (boletus edulis) mushroom that emerged at 11 spatially distant sites. | this paper provides data on baseline concentrations, interrelationships and bioconcentration potential of 12 metallic elements by king bolete collected from 11 spatially distant sites across poland. there are significant differences in concentrations of metals (al, ba, ca, cd, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, na, sr, zn) and their bioconcentration potential in king bolete boletus edulis at 11 spatially distant sites surveyed across poland. these have resulted from significant geographical differences in trace ... | 2011 | 21442539 |
| quantification of extraradical soil mycelium and ectomycorrhizas of boletus edulis in a scots pine forest with variable sporocarp productivity. | the availability of most edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms depends on their natural fructification. sporocarp formation of these fungi is linked to habitat characteristics and climate conditions, but these data alone do not explain all the trends of fungal fruiting and dynamics. it could be hypothesized that the amount of soil mycelia could also be related to the production of carpophores. soil samples (five cylinders of 250 cm(3) per plot) were taken monthly, from september to november, in five ... | 2011 | 21494822 |
| edible sporocarp production by age class in a scots pine stand in northern spain. | with the aim of increasing knowledge of community structure, dynamics and production of ectomycorrhizal fungi, edible sporocarp yields were monitored between 1995 and 2004 in a pinus sylvestris stand in the northeast zone of the iberian peninsula. a random sampling design was performed by stand age class according to the forest management plan: 0-15, 16-30, 31-50, 51-70 and over 71-years-old. eighteen 150 m plots were established and sampled weekly every year from september to december. one hund ... | 2011 | 21626143 |
| lectins but not antifungal proteins exhibit anti-nematode activity. | a variety of lectins and antifungal proteins were tested for toxicity against the plant parasitic nematodes ditylenchus dipsaci and heterodera glycines. it was found that lectins from the mushrooms xylaria hypoxylon, agrocybe cylindracea and tricholoma mongolicum (tml-1) were the most potent against d. dipsaci, with ec(50) being 4.7, 9, and 20mg/ml, respectively. lectins from pseudostellaria heterophylla, samta tomato, and the mushrooms t. mongolicum (tml-2), ganoderma lucidum, and boletus eduli ... | 2009 | 21784014 |
| collecting and learning to identify edible fungi in southeastern poland: age and gender differences. | the gathering of 17 folk taxa of edible fungi (most commonly boletus edulis, leccinum spp., xerocomus spp., suillus spp., cantharellus cibarius, armillaria spp., russula spp., lactarius salmonicolor, macrolepiota procera, boletus erythropus) was recorded in three villages in southeast poland, but only 13 of them are gathered by children. gender and age differences were small (apart from the fact that more adults than children collect non-boletaceae species), and relatives of both sexes took part ... | 2011 | 21888599 |
| comparative study of wild edible mushrooms as sources of antioxidants. | the purpose of the study was to explore sixteen of the most popular edible species of wild-growing mushrooms as potential sources of antioxidants. among the mushrooms tested, the highest total polyphenol contents, exceeding 100 mg/100 g fresh mass, were found in five mushrooms: boletus chrysenteron, b. edulis, leccinum scabrum, l. aurantiacum, and macrolepiota procera. antioxidant activity was measured with the frap, teac, dpph scavenging ability and ferrous ions chelating ability assays. result ... | 2011 | 22164763 |
| Chemical analysis and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides extracted from Boletus edulis. | Boletus edulis is a well-known delicious mushroom. In this study, three crude polysaccharides (BEPF30, BEPF60 and BEPF80) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of B. edulis with boiling water. Chemical and physical characteristics of the three crude polysaccharides were investigated by the combination of chemical and instrumental analysis methods. Their antioxidant activities were investigated in vitro systems including hydroxyl assay, superoxide radical assay, reducing power and chelating acti ... | 2011 | 21930154 |
| an axenic culture system for fruiting body formation by an edible bolete phylogenetically related to culinary-medicinal penny bun mushroom, boletus edulis bull.:fr. strains from china. | the ability of two freshly isolated boletus stains to fruit under axenic conditions was tested using different solid and liquid nutrient media. one strain (yncx04) produced numerous primordia from which fruiting bodies, 12 mm and 10 mm in length, with grey, convex pilei, and yellow-white, clavate stipes developed between 15 and 30 d after inoculation of fungal mycelium onto a solid medium consisting of mineral salts, thiamine, glucose, potato, an extract of cunninghamia lanceolata root, and agar ... | 2011 | 22164769 |
| [biogenic amines in epigeal spontaneous mushrooms: indicators of quality and freshness?]. | purpose of the present study is to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of nine biogenic amines (ba) in 153 samples of epigeal spontaneous mushrooms (boletus edulis and amanita caesarea), sampled at large and small food retail shops in the florence area. each ba has been identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography system with a reversed phase, c18 column and post-column derivatization with o-oftalaldeide. the results have shown a widespread presence of each amine, a ... | 2011 | 22509618 |
| indole compounds in some culinary-medicinal higher basidiomycetes from poland. | methanolic extracts of two species collected from natural habitats in poland, boletus edulis and suillus luteus, and one species from a commercial source, pleurotus ostreatus, were analyzed for the presence of non-hallucinogenic indole compounds. the contents of indole compounds in these species were both qualitatively and quantitatively diverse, ranging from 0.01 to 34.11 mg/100 g d.w. two of 11 tested indole compounds, 5-hydroxytryptophan (0.18, 2.08, 1.63 mg/100 g d.w.) and serotonin (6.52, 1 ... | 2011 | 22324410 |
| antioxidant capacity and the correlation with major phenolic compounds, anthocyanin, and tocopherol content in various extracts from the wild edible boletus edulis mushroom. | boletus edulis is a wild edible mushroom habitually consumed by rural populations. ethanolic and methanolic extracts was obtained in cold and hot water from dried fruit bodies. the antioxidant activity of freeze-dried extracts from b. edulis were investigated using free radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, metal chelating effect, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the identification of antioxidant compounds. the levels of different compounds with antioxidant properties were higher in ... | 2012 | 23509707 |
| effects of food lectins on the transport system of human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayers. | the effects of 16 lectins isolated from foodstuff on the transport system across human intestinal caco-2 cell monolayers were investigated by using four fluorescent markers: lucifer yellow (ly) for the paracellular pathway, fluorescein (fl) for the monocarboxylic acid transporter-mediated pathway, rhodamine 123 for the p-glycoprotein-mediated efflux pathway, and calcein for the multidrug resistance associated protein-related efflux pathway. the transepithelial electrical resistance (ter) values ... | 2013 | 24018688 |
| luminescence from the carbon monoxide derivative of agaricus bispora tyrosinase. | the luminescence of the co adduct of two isozymic tyrosinases isolated from agaricus bispora, an edible white mushroom, has been studied. at room temperature the emission appears as a single smooth peak centered at 530 nm with fwhm of 2700 cm-1 and a lifetime of 36 microseconds. the lifetime and wavelength of the emission are virtually unchanged on lowering the temperature from 298 to 77 degrees k. solvent composition affects the wavelength of emission minimally. the emission is quenched by oxyg ... | 1988 | 2975158 |
| mycorrhization between cistus ladanifer l. and boletus edulis bull is enhanced by the mycorrhiza helper bacteria pseudomonas fluorescens migula. | boletus edulis bull. is one of the most economically and gastronomically valuable fungi worldwide. sporocarp production normally occurs when symbiotically associated with a number of tree species in stands over 40 years old, but it has also been reported in 3-year-old cistus ladanifer l. shrubs. efforts toward the domestication of b. edulis have thus focused on successfully generating c. ladanifer seedlings associated with b. edulis under controlled conditions. microorganisms have an important r ... | 2016 | 26208816 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of a h(+)-dependent phosphate transporter gene from the ectomycorrhizal fungus boletus edulis in southwest china. | phosphate transporters (pts), as entry points for phosphorus (p) in organisms, are involved in a number of p nutrition processes such as phosphate uptake, transport, and transfer. in the study, a pt gene 1632 bp long (named bept) was cloned, identified, and functionally characterized from boletus edulis. bept was expected to encode a polypeptide with 543 amino acid residues. the bept polypeptide belonged to the major facilitator superfamily and showed a high degree of sequence identity to the ph ... | 2014 | 24863474 |
| knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the sierra tarahumara, chihuahua, mexico. | the sierra madre occidental of chihuahua in northern mexico is inhabited by indigenous raramuris, mestizos, and other ethnic groups. the territory consists of canyons and ravines with pine, oak and pine-oak forests in the higher plateaus. a great diversity of potentially edible mushrooms is found in forests of the municipalities of bocoyna and urique. their residents are the only consumers of wild mushrooms in the northern mexico; they have a long tradition of collecting and eating these during ... | 2014 | 25230891 |
| flavor-enhancing properties of mushrooms in meat-based dishes in which sodium has been reduced and meat has been partially substituted with mushrooms. | the effects of beef substitution with crimini or white mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) on the flavor profiles of carne asada and beef taco blends were measured with a descriptive analysis panel. sensory mitigation of sodium reduction through the incorporation of mushrooms was also investigated in the taco blends. the substitution of beef with mushrooms in the carne asada did not alter the overall flavor strength of the dish, but the incorporation of 50% or 80% ground mushroom in the beef taco blen ... | 2014 | 25124478 |