| the volume and dna content of extrachromosomal inclusions in the dorsal foot-pad nuclei of tricholioproctia impatiens (sarcophagidae, diptera). | the chromosomes of the giant dorsal foot-pad cells of tricholioproctia impatiens produce numerous extrachromosomal bodies which consist of a central spherical core of dna surrounded by a ribonucleoprotein layer. the bodies are either free within the nucleoplasm or attached by thin threads of chromatin to chromosomal bands. the dna content and the volume of dna of unattached spherules fell into distinct classes in a regular geometric progression. | 1975 | 170048 |
| effects of oxybarbiturates on the germination behaviour of impatiens bolstii pollen. | swelling of and cytoplasmic streaming within the grain, germination pore expansion, and pollen tube emergence, in that order, constitute the normal germination pattern of impatiens holstii pollen grains. this normal sequence of events becomes manifest when the pollen grains are placed on water-agar, barbituric acid-agar, and on barbital-agar media whereas this sequence of events is interfered with when the pollen grains are incubated on amytal-agar or on seconal-agar media. evidence is presented ... | 1979 | 488129 |
| cytokinesis in impatiens balsamina and the effect of caffeine. | a description of cytokinesis in cells of roots of impatiens balsamina is given, and the effect of caffeine on this process. the disposition of organelles, microtubules and vesicles which form the new cell plate is similar in normal and caffeine treated roots. in sections cut in the plane of the developing cell plate, membranous arms radiating from common centres appear to play an important role in promoting efficient fusion of the vesicles, and caffeine reduces their occurrence. the possible pre ... | 1978 | 743893 |
| scanning electron microscopy in nematode-induced giant transfer cells. | a study of giant cells induced by the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, in roots of impatiens balsamina was made by scanning electron microscopy. the cytoplasmic contents of giant cells were removed by a procedure based on koh digestion, to reveal inner wall structure. wall ingrowths typical of transfer cells are present in giant cells from six days onwards after induction. they develop on walls adjacent to vascular tissues, and their distribution and development was examined. pit field ... | 1976 | 1001022 |
| new state record for culiseta impatiens in maryland. | culiseta impatiens is reported for the first time from maryland. collections from the southwestern border of fort george g. meade extend the range of this species over 400 km farther south than previous records. multiple collections from 4 separate traps during 2 years indicate a population of cs. impatiens is probably established in the collection area. | 1992 | 1359008 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the s rna of impatiens necrotic spot virus, a novel tospovirus. | impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) shares a number of properties with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), the type species of the genus tospovirus within the family bunyaviridae. insv, however, differs from tswv in plant host range and serology. in order to define the genomic structure and the taxonomic status of this tswv-like virus, the nucleotide sequence of its genomic s rna segment has been determined. the molecular data obtained demonstrate that, like tswv, insv has an ambisense s rna mole ... | 1992 | 1385787 |
| the m rna of impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (bunyaviridae) has an ambisense genomic organization. | the nucleotide sequence of impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) m rna was determined from cdna clones. the insv m rna was 4972 nucleotides in length with two open reading frames (orfs) in an ambisense genomic organization. the larger orf near the 3' end of the viral rna, coding for a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 124.9 kda, was in the viral complementary sense and produced the g2 and g1 proteins. a smaller orf in the viral sense was capable of coding for a 34.1-kda polypeptide, de ... | 1992 | 1585644 |
| statistical genetics of an annual plant, impatiens capensis. i. genetic basis of quantitative variation. | analysis of quantitative genetics in natural populations has been hindered by computational and methodological problems in statistical analysis. we developed and validated a jackknife procedure to test for existence of broad sense heritabilities and dominance or maternal effects influencing quantitative characters in impatiens capensis. early life cycle characters showed evidence of dominance and/or maternal effects, while later characters exhibited predominantly environmental variation. monte c ... | 1990 | 2307361 |
| statistical genetics of an annual plant, impatiens capensis. ii. natural selection. | measurement of natural selection on correlated characters provides valuable information on fitness surfaces, patterns of directional, stabilizing, or disruptive selection, mechanisms of fitness variation operating in nature, and possible spatial variation in selective pressures. we examined effects of seed weight, germination date, plant size, early growth, and late growth on individual fitness. path analysis showed that most characters had direct or indirect effects on individual fitness, indic ... | 1990 | 2307362 |
| accumulation of cadmium by plants of zawar mines, rajasthan, india. | several plants of the zawar zinc deposits of rajasthan (india) accumulate very high levels of cadmium. the maximum concentration namely 420 micrograms g-1 was found in the stems of crotalaria linifolia. some other cadmium accumulators with the concentration of the metal in microgram g-1 are impatients balsamina (380), dyerophytum indicum (282) and melhania futteyporensis (245). the sequence of cadmium accumulation in different organs of the same plant species was roots greater than stems greater ... | 1988 | 3254012 |
| [tobacco and dermatologic lesions]. | the authors consider the clinical pathologic aspects of the skin and mucosa in chronic smokers. this features are not exclusively found in these impatiens, but in spite of no specificity the authors mention the significance of this pathology with special reference to oral cancer. | 1986 | 3537583 |
| bioindicators and accumulators in geobotanical and biogeochemical prospecting of metals. | results of geobotanical and biogeochemical studies carried out on the known lead-zinc deposits of zawar mines and khetri copper deposits, india, are discussed. a wild variety of impatiens balsamina was found to be the most characteristic species on lead-zinc metal dumps, which can be regarded as a local 'bioindicator' for these metals. a number of 'accumulators' for lead, zinc, copper with high bac values, as well as some 'excluders' are also discussed. | 1986 | 3591164 |
| the dna content of testes and malpigphian tubule nuclei of tricholioproctia impatiens (sarcophagidae, diptera). | | 1972 | 4116294 |
| on the possible involvement of chloroplasts from impatiens balsamina in the biosynthesis of flavonoid compounds. | | 1972 | 5027697 |
| naphthoquinone biosynthesis in higher plants. i. studies on 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in impatiens balsamina l. | | 1966 | 5954117 |
| occurrence of two powdery mildews on balsam, impatiens balsamina l. | | 1966 | 6007588 |
| naphthoquinone biosynthesis in higher plants. ii. p-hydroxybenzoic acid as a precursor of 2-hydroxy 1,4-naphthoquinone in impatiens balsamina l. | | 1967 | 6049360 |
| asymmetric triglycerides from impatiens edgeworthii seed oil. | | 1967 | 6049943 |
| a simple acetic-orcein banding method for precise chromosome identification and detection of constitutive heterochromatin in impatiens balsamina l. | | 1982 | 6175925 |
| the role of controlling elements in the instability of flower color in antirrhinum majus and impatiens balsamina. | | 1981 | 6266742 |
| photoacoustic spectroscopy of anacystis nidulans. iii. detection of photosynthetic activities. | photosynthetic activities of anacystis nidulans can be detected by photoacoustic spectroscopy. algae treated by a photosynthetic inhibitor are used to provide the signal from the photochemically inactive sample. the results of these measurements correspond well with the activities which can be monitored by conventional biochemical assays. acoustic data from a. nidulans are used to obtain the action spectrum for photochemical energy storage. it is concluded that phycocyanin harvests light for bot ... | 1984 | 6421239 |
| impatiens pollen germination and tube growth as a bioassay for toxic substances. | pollen of impatiens sultanii hook f. germinates and forms tubes rapidly at 25 degrees c in a simple medium containing 111.0 ppm cacl2, 13.6 ppm kh2po4, and 1000 ppm boric acid. calcium, potassium, and boron are essential for germination and tube growth, but sucrose is not required. pollen tubes grow with equal rapidity in liquid medium or on a medium solidified with 1% agar. tube growth rates are linear for 1 hr. when different pollen sources or clonal sources are utilized, no variation in polle ... | 1981 | 7460890 |
| [chemical constituents of impatiens siculi fer hook.f]. | | 1995 | 7646794 |
| serological comparison of tospovirus isolates from taiwan and india with impatiens necrotic spot virus and different tomato spotted wilt virus isolates. | tospovirus isolates from tomato and watermelon in taiwan and from peanut in india reacted neither with antibodies to tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), nor with antibodies to impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), in elisa and in electroblot immunoassays. additionally, all three tospovirus isolates had an n protein with a molecular weight of 32 kda as compared to 29 kda for the n protein to tswv and insv. the observed physicochemical and serological differences suggest the generation of a new, thi ... | 1993 | 7686004 |
| different mechanisms protect transgenic tobacco against tomato spotted wilt and impatiens necrotic spot tospoviruses. | we generated transgenic tobacco plants expressing the sense or antisense untranslatable n coding sequence of the lettuce isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv-bl) as well as transgenic plants containing the promoterless n gene of the virus. both sense and antisense untranslatable n gene rnas provided protection against homologous and closely related isolates but not against distantly related tospoviruses. these rna-mediated protections were most effective in plants that synthesized low leve ... | 1993 | 7763861 |
| baccharane glycosides from seeds of impatiens balsamina. | from the seeds of impatiens balsamina have been isolated four rare baccharane glycosides, hosenkosides l-o. the structures of all isolates were secured by the use of 2d nmr techniques (1h-1h cosy, hmqc, hmbc, roesy) and chemical derivatization. hosenkosides l and m are hosenkol a 3-o-sambubiosyl-28-o-glucoside and 3-o-sambubiosyl-26-o-glucosyl-28-o-glucoside, respectively. hosenkoside n is hosenkol c 3-o-glucosyl-28-o-glucoside. hosenkoside o is hosenkol d 3-o-sophorosyl-28-o-glucoside. | 1994 | 7765763 |
| structure determination of a kaempferol 3-rhamnosyldiglucoside from impatiens balsamina. | | 1994 | 7765767 |
| resistance to tospoviruses in nicotiana benthamiana transformed with the n gene of tomato spotted wilt virus: correlation between transgene expression and protection in primary transformants. | nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with the nucleoprotein (n) gene of an italian isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). forty-five t1 primary transformant lines were analyzed for the expression of n protein and for resistance to tswv and three other tospoviruses: impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv), groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv), and groundnut ringspot virus (grsv). thirteen of these lines were further characterized. resistance to all tswv isolates tested was found in two lines. ... | 1995 | 7772806 |
| hosenkosides f, g, h, i, j, and k, novel baccharane glycosides from the seeds of impatiens balsamina. | from the seeds of impatiens balsamina we have isolated six novel baccharane glycosides, hosenkosides f-k. the structures of all isolates were determined by the use of two dimensional (2d) nmr techniques (1h-1h correlation spectroscopy (cosy), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (hmqc), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (hmbc), rotating frame overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (roesy), total correlation spectroscopy (tocsy)) and chemical derivatization. hosenkosides f, h and i are hos ... | 1994 | 7923465 |
| potential sources of sugar for the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia youngi (diptera: psychodidae) in a colombian coffee plantation. | sugar-deprived lutzomyia youngi were exposed to each of the five most numerous plant species in a colombian coffee plantation for 24 h and then tested for the presence of fructose by the cold anthrone assay. many flies exposed to coffee (coffea arabica) (up to 55% in an individual test) and guamo (inga edulis) (up to 28.0%) gave positive results. although some flies also took sugar from red-flowered balsam (impatiens balsamina) and bamboo (bambusa angustifolia), none of the insects exposed to pl ... | 1994 | 7979645 |
| a novel protein accumulated during maturation of the pods of the plant impatiens balsamina. | a high molecular weight protein has been isolated as a major polypeptide comprising 85% of the total extractable proteins in the fruit pericarp of the plant impatiens balsamina. the protein has been purified to homogeneity following fractionation of the crude cell supernatant with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on sepharose 4b and sephacryl-s-300. this protein appeared to be a homo-tetramer consisting of subunits, mr 75 k. amino acid analysis showed the presence of more acidic amino acids, wi ... | 1994 | 8028590 |
| classification of tospoviruses based on phylogeny of nucleoprotein gene sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the nucleoprotein (n) genes of seven tospovirus isolates representing three serogroups were determined and used to establish phylogenetic parameters to delineate species within the tospovirus genus of the bunyaviridae. a high sequence divergence (55.9% identity at the nucleotide level) was observed between isolates of serogroup i (tomato spotted wilt virus) and isolates of serogroup iii (impatiens necrotic spot virus). the serogroup ii isolates take an intermediate po ... | 1993 | 8429298 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the m rna segment of peanut bud necrosis tospovirus and comparison with other tospoviruses. | the m rna of peanut bud necrosis virus (pbnv; synonym groundnut bud necrosis virus) is 4801 nucleotides in length. it comprised two orfs in an ambisense organization and terminal inverted repeats. the 3' large orf (3363 nucleotides in the virus-complementary strand) encoded a protein with a predicted size of 127.2 kda which was identified as the glycoprotein precursor (gp) of the g1 and g2 glycoproteins. a comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of gp revealed 37% identity and 58-59% simil ... | 1996 | 8811036 |
| a polyclonal antiserum against a recombinant viral protein combines specificity with versatility. | a polyclonal rabbit antiserum was obtained to the nucleoprotein of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus expressed as a recombinant fusion protein in e. coli. in indirect plate trapping elisa, the antiserum gave similar titres against purified tswv nucleocapsids in native form, the fusion protein and the carrier protein. the crude antiserum was also tested by western blotting, indirect plate trapping elisa and immunogold electron microscopy of thin sections: purified immunoglobulins were tested by das- ... | 1996 | 8882651 |
| an improved method for the detection of tospoviruses using the polymerase chain reaction. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr)-based assay for the detection of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has been improved and extended to enable the detection of additional tospoviruses. in addition to tswv-specific primers, two further pairs of primers have been designed, one pair which specifically detects impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) and another which detects all tospoviruses tested, including tswv, insv, tomato chlorotic spot virus and groundnut ringspot virus. a ... | 1996 | 8919828 |
| completion of the impatiens necrotic spot virus genome sequence and genetic comparison of the l proteins within the family bunyaviridae. | the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) genome segment of impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) has been determined, and herewith the complete nucleotide sequence of the whole, tripartite genome of this important tospovirus has been elucidated. the l rna is 8776 nucleotides long and of negative polarity, containing one large orf on the viral complementary strand. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the insv l rna primary translation product (330.3 kda) with those of the l rnas of ot ... | 1997 | 9049402 |
| serological comparison of tospoviruses with polyclonal antibodies produced against the main structural proteins of tomato spotted wilt virus. | a new purification procedure for the tospoviruses of serogroups ii and iii was developed. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv; serogroup i), groundnut ringspot virus (grsv: serogroup ii), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv; serogroup ii) and impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv; serogroup iii) showed that the glycoprotein g2 of serogroup ii members differs significantly in size from that of the serogroup i virus. western immunoblot analysis using poly ... | 1997 | 9170504 |
| treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed. | jewelweed (impatiens biflora) is a plant which has been used for centuries for the treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis. numerous claims for its effectiveness exist in the lay press, and over-the-counter medicaments containing jewelweed are reputed to be an effective remedy for poison ivy/oak dermatitis. despite these claims, few scientific studies testing the effectiveness of jewelweed have been performed. | 1997 | 9249283 |
| a novel family of small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides from seed of impatiens balsamina is derived from a single precursor protein. | four closely related peptides were isolated from seed of impatiens balsamina and were shown to be inhibitory to the growth of a range of fungi and bacteria, while not being cytotoxic to cultured human cells. the peptides, designated ib-amp1, ib-amp2, ib-amp3, and ib-amp4, are 20 amino acids long and are the smallest plant-derived antimicrobial peptides isolated to date. the ib-amps (i. balsamina antimicrobial peptides) are highly basic and contain four cysteine residues which form two intramolec ... | 1997 | 9305910 |
| the induction and maintenance of flowering in impatiens. | the mechanisms that establish the floral meristem are now becoming clearer, but the way in which flowering is maintained is less well understood. impatiens balsamina provides a unique opportunity to address this question because reversion to vegetative growth can be obtained in a predictable way by transferring plants from inductive to non-inductive conditions. following increasing amounts of induction, reversion takes place at progressively later stages of flower development. partial flower ind ... | 1997 | 9310329 |
| structural studies of impatiens balsamina antimicrobial protein (ib-amp1). | structural studies of ib-amp1, a small antimicrobial peptide derived from the seeds of impatiens balsamina have been performed using circular dichroism (cd) and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr). this 20-residue peptide is highly basic with five arginine residues and contains four cysteines which form two intramolecular disulfide bonds. cd results reveal that the peptide may include a beta-turn but do not show evidence for either helical or beta-sheet structure over a ra ... | 1998 | 9454588 |
| transcription pattern of a fim homologue in impatiens during floral development and reversion. | flowering and reversion in impatiens are characterised by gradual transitions of organ identity and constitute a unique system for the molecular and physiological study of floral organogenesis. the authors have isolated an impatiens homologue of the fim gene of antirrhinum (ufo in arabidopsis), imp-fim, and analysed its expression in three states of the terminal meristem: vegetative, floral, and reverted. in floral meristems, imp-fim transcription is associated with petal identity, as in antirrh ... | 1998 | 9628019 |
| antipruritic dinaphthofuran-7,12-dione derivatives from the pericarp of impatiens balsamina. | dinaphthofuran-7,12-dione derivatives named balsaminones a (1) and b (2) were isolated from the pericarp of impatiens balsamina l. together with the known compound 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (3). their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. these compounds have significant antipruritic activity. | 1998 | 9748380 |
| quantitative control of inflorescence formation in impatiens balsamina | we analyzed the process of inflorescence formation in impatiens balsamina by studying the architecture of the plant under different photoperiod treatments. floral reversion under noninductive conditions in this species is caused by the lack of persistence of the induced state in the leaf. this can be used to control the amount of inductive signal and to examine its quantitative influence on morphological changes in the plant. the floral transition was characterized by a continuum of variation at ... | 1998 | 9847093 |
| the responses of cytochrome redox state and energy metabolism to dehydration support a role for cytoplasmic viscosity in desiccation tolerance | to characterize the depression of metabolism in anhydrobiotes, the redox state of cytochromes and energy metabolism were studied during dehydration of soaked cowpea (vigna unguiculata) cotyledons and pollens of typha latifolia and impatiens glandulifera. between water contents (wc) of 1.0 and 0.6 g h2o/g dry weight (g/g), viscosity as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy increased from 0.15 to 0.27 poise. this initial water loss was accompanied by a 50% decrease in respiration rates, ... | 1998 | 9847099 |
| characterization of the large (l) rna of peanut bud necrosis tospovirus. | the nucleocapsids purified from peanut plants systemically infected with peanut bud necrosis virus (pbnv), a member of the genus tospovirus, contained both viral(v) and viral complementary(vc) sense l rnas. defective forms of l rna containing 'core polymerase region' were observed. the full length l rna of pbnv was sequenced using overlapping cdna clones. the 8911 nucleotide l rna contains a single open reading frame (orf) in the vc strand, and encodes a protein of 330 kda. at the 5' and 3' term ... | 1998 | 9930194 |
| culiseta impatiens (walker) in illinois, a new state record. | we report the 1st collection of culiseta impatiens (walker) from illinois. larvae of culiseta subsequently identified as cs. impatiens were collected from roadside ditches near savoy, champaign county, in east central illinois in june 1997. this extends the known distribution of this species further south and east in the midwestern united states. | 1999 | 10412121 |
| screening method for paf antagonist substances: on the phenolic compounds from impatients balsamina l. | a blood pressure monitoring system was developed for studying antagonist effects against platelet activating factor (paf), a chemical mediator of anaphylactic hypotension. using this system, we were able to determine the inhibitory effects of a 35% ethanol extract (ib) from the petals of impatiens balsamina l. against paf-induced hypotension and the active principal compounds from ib. one mechanism of the antianaphylactic effects of ib was characterized as paf-antagonist effects. | 1999 | 10479766 |
| biosynthetic origin of conjugated double bonds: production of fatty acid components of high-value drying oils in transgenic soybean embryos. | vegetable oils that contain fatty acids with conjugated double bonds, such as tung oil, are valuable drying agents in paints, varnishes, and inks. although several reaction mechanisms have been proposed, little is known of the biosynthetic origin of conjugated double bonds in plant fatty acids. an expressed sequence tag (est) approach was undertaken to characterize the enzymatic basis for the formation of the conjugated double bonds of alpha-eleostearic (18:3delta(9cis, 11trans,13trans)) and alp ... | 1999 | 10536026 |
| comet assay application in environmental monitoring: dna damage in human leukocytes and plant cells in comparison with bacterial and yeast tests. | urban airborne particulate is a complex mixture of air pollutants, many of which have not been identified. however, short-term mutagenesis tests together with chemicophysical parameter analysis are able to better assess air quality and genotoxic load. the findings of continuous monitoring (january 1991-august 1998) of urban air genotoxicity of a po valley town (italy) on salmonella typhimurium and saccharomyces cerevisiae are reported. during this period, various measures (catalytic devices, unl ... | 1999 | 10567029 |
| trade-offs between flower number and investment to a flower in selfing and outcrossing varieties of impatiens hypophylla (balsaminaceae). | floral resource allocation was compared on a whole-plant basis between two varieties of impatiens hypophylla that differ in flower size. there were significant negative correlations between flower number and investments to a flower at both the within-population and between-variety levels. in individual flowers, var. hypophylla with larger flowers invested significantly more resources to male and pollinator-attractive functions, whereas investments to female function did not differ between the va ... | 1999 | 10602763 |
| testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitor bisnaphthoquinone derivative from impatiens balsamina. | the 35% etoh extract of aerial parts of impatiens balsamina l. has been investigated for activity against testosterone 5alpha-reductase. activity-guided fractionation led to the identification of the bisnaphthquione derivative named impatienol (1), 3-hydroxy-2-¿[3-hydroxy-1,4-dioxo (2-naphthyl)] ethyl¿ naphthalene-1, 4-dione, which exhibited significant testosterone 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity. this 5alpha-reductase inhibitory compound has been previously synthesized, but this is the fi ... | 2000 | 10641051 |
| is there a role for oligosaccharides in seed longevity? an assessment of intracellular glass stability. | we examined whether oligosaccharides extend seed longevity by increasing the intracellular glass stability. for that purpose, we used a spin probe technique to measure the molecular mobility and glass transition temperature of the cytoplasm of impatiens (impatiens walleriana) and bell pepper (capsicum annuum) seeds that were osmo-primed to change oligosaccharide content and longevity. using saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that the rotational correlation ... | 2000 | 10759518 |
| [the colonization of plants by yersinia pestis ev in an experiment]. | the penetration of y. pestis (strain ev) into the stem of impatiens walleriana via its roots, submerged into microbial suspension, was observed under experimental conditions. this was indicative of the colonization of plants by y. pestis, thus confirming the possibility of their preservation in plants during periods between epizootics at the territories of natural foci. | 2000 | 10925872 |
| polemoniaceae phylogeny and classification: implications of sequence data from the chloroplast gene ndhf. | the chloroplast gene ndhf was used to study phylogenetic relationships of the polemoniaceae at two levels: among members of the ericales and among genera of the family. sequence data for interfamilial analyses consisted of 2266 bp for 14 members of the ericales, including four species of the polemoniaceae, plus three outgroup taxa. the polemoniaceae were found to be related to diospyros, fouquieria, the primulales, rhododendron, and impatiens, but relationships among taxa were generally not well ... | 2000 | 10991901 |
| jasmonate is essential for insect defense in arabidopsis. | the signaling pathways that allow plants to mount defenses against chewing insects are known to be complex. to investigate the role of jasmonate in wound signaling in arabidopsis and to test whether parallel or redundant pathways exist for insect defense, we have studied a mutant (fad3-2 fad7-2 fad8) that is deficient in the jasmonate precursor linolenic acid. mutant plants contained negligible levels of jasmonate and showed extremely high mortality ( approximately 80%) from attack by larvae of ... | 1997 | 11038546 |
| a leaf-derived signal is a quantitative determinant of floral form in impatiens. | the completion of flower development in impatiens balsamina requires continuous inductive (short-day) conditions. we have previously shown that a leaf-derived signal has a role in floral maintenance. the research described here analyzes the role of the leaf in flower development. leaf removal treatments, in which plants were restricted to a specified number of leaves, resulted in flowers with increased petal number, up to double that of the undefoliated control. similar petal number increases (a ... | 2000 | 11041880 |
| behavioural assessment of visual acuity in bumblebees (bombus impatiens). | the present study used previously developed techniques to measure resolution acuity in bumblebees (bombus impatiens). bees were required to discriminate between horizontal and vertical gratings in a y-maze apparatus. the gratings had a mean luminance of 9 cd m(-)(2) and a michelson contrast of 84 %. for different bees, either the horizontal or vertical grating was rewarded. rewarded gratings were associated with a sucrose and water solution (30 % sucrose by volume) and unrewarded gratings with p ... | 2001 | 11171306 |
| evidence of adaptive divergence in plasticity: density- and site-dependent selection on shade-avoidance responses in impatiens capensis. | we investigated the conditions under which plastic responses to density are adaptive in natural populations of impatiens capensis and determined whether plasticity has evolved differently in different selective environments. previous studies showed that a population that evolved in a sunny site exhibited greater plasticity in response to density than did a population that evolved in a woodland site. using replicate inbred lines in a reciprocal transplant that included a density manipulation, we ... | 2000 | 11209773 |
| density dependence and population differentiation of genetic architecture in impatiens capensis in natural environments. | we identified environment-dependent constraints on the evolution of plasticity to density under natural conditions in two natural populations of impatiens capensis. we also examined the expression of population divergence in genetic variance-covariance matrices in these natural environments. inbred lines, originally collected from a sunny site with high seedling densities and a woodland site with low seedling densities, were planted in both original sites at natural high densities and at low den ... | 2000 | 11209774 |
| separation of kaempferols in impatients balsamina flowers by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. | capillary electrophoresis with wall-jet amperometric detection was used to detect kaempferol and its derivatives kaempferol-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucosylrhamnoside and kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl)glucoside. the influence of buffer ph on separation was investigated and optimized. with a phosphate buffer at ph 7.5, nearly complete separation of the four kaempferols was achieved according to their different electrophoretic mobilities. the detection potential was also evaluated and optimized. at ... | 2001 | 11269529 |
| the geometry of proliferating dicot cells. | the distributions of cell size and cell cycle duration were studied in two-dimensional expanding plant tissues. plastic imprints of the leaf epidermis of three dicot plants, jade (crassula argentae), impatiens (impatiens wallerana), and the common begonia (begonia semperflorens) were made and cell outlines analysed. the average, standard deviation and coefficient of variance (cv = 100 x standard deviation/average) of cell size were determined with the cv of mother cells less than the cv for daug ... | 2001 | 11284918 |
| modified atmosphere treatments as a potential disinfestation technique for arthropod pests in greenhouses. | incidental transport of arthropods on plant material can be a significant mode of pest entry into greenhouses. we evaluated the use of controlled atmosphere treatments as a potential way to eliminate arthropod pests on plant propagules (i.e., cuttings or small rooted plants). lethal exposures to co2 or n2 were determined for common greenhouse pests including fungus gnat larvae, bradysia sp.; green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer); sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia sp.; twospotted spider mite, te ... | 2001 | 11332835 |
| bumble bee (hymenoptera: apidae) activity and pollination levels in commercial tomato greenhouses. | commercial greenhouse studies were conducted to assess levels of pollination of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) flowers in relation to bumble bee (bombus impatiens cresson) colony activity and colony densities. for the assessment of pollination levels of tomato flowers, five categories were defined based on bruising levels caused by bumble bee pollination. colony activity was measured as bee trips per ha/d using electric powered photodiode monitors inserted into the hive entrance. levels ... | 2001 | 11332840 |
| adaptive divergence in plasticity in natural populations of impatiens capensis and its consequences for performance in novel habitats. | we tested for adaptive differentiation between two natural populations of impatiens capensis from sites known to differ in selection on plasticity to density. we also determined the degree to which plasticity to density within a site was correlated with plastic responses of experimental immigrants to foreign sites. inbred lines, derived from natural populations in an open-canopy site and a woodland site, were planted reciprocally in both original sites at naturally occurring high densities and a ... | 2001 | 11392387 |
| bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae): an alternative to apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) for lowbush blueberry pollination. | the pollination effectiveness of the commercially reared bumble bee bombus impatiens cresson, was compared in field studies to the honey bee, apis mellifera l., for lowbush blueberry, vaccinium angustifolium ait. a preliminary study indicated that b. impatiens had potential as an alternative pollinator. in a 3-yr study, percentage fruit set, percentage harvested berries, berry weight, and seeds per berry were compared in blueberry fields stocked at 7.5 a. mellifera hives per hectare to 5, 7.5, o ... | 2001 | 11425013 |
| rt-pcr for detecting five distinct tospovirus species using degenerate primers and dsrna template. | rt-pcr procedures for detection of multiple species of tospovirus from plant tissues were investigated. downstream primers were designated from the 3' untranslated sequences of the s rna. an upstream primer was designated from the degenerated sequences of the nucleocapsid protein. approximately 450 bp dna fragments were detected when tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv)- or impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv)- infected tissues were examined. approximately 350 bp dna fragments were detected when wat ... | 2001 | 11445145 |
| antipruritic and antidermatitic effect of extract and compounds of impatiens balsamina l. in atopic dermatitis model nc mice. | we examined the effects of a 35% ethanol extract (ib) from the petals of impatiens balsamina l. and the principal active compounds from ib on chronic and serious pruritus and the development of dermatitis using nc mice, a model of atopic dermatitis. ib at 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited serious scratching behaviour in the nc mouse with established dermatitis when administered i.v. 1 h before, or p.o. 24 h before the measurement. a 10 microg/kg dose of kaempferol 3-rutinoside and 2-hydroxy-1,4- ... | 2001 | 11536380 |
| phytotoxic effects of benzimidazole fungicides on bedding plants. | benzimidazoles are effective and widely used fungicides, but they may be phytotoxic. we studied the effects of a single drench application of six benzimidazoles and one acetanilide fungicide on photosynthetic gas exchange, growth, development, and nutrient levels of four species of bedding plants in twenty growth-chamber and four greenhouse studies. daily carbon gain and carbon-use efficiency were calculated from continuous crop gas-exchange measurements in the growth chambers. the maximum label ... | 1996 | 11540603 |
| plant defense in the absence of jasmonic acid: the role of cyclopentenones. | the arabidopsis opr3 mutant is defective in the isoform of 12-oxo-phytodienoate (opda) reductase required for jasmonic acid (ja) biosynthesis. oxylipin signatures of wounded opr3 leaves revealed the absence of detectable 3r,7s-ja as well as altered levels of its cyclopentenone precursors opda and dinor opda. in contrast to ja-insensitive coi1 plants and to the fad3 fad7 fad8 mutant lacking the fatty acid precursors of ja synthesis, opr3 plants exhibited strong resistance to the dipteran bradysia ... | 2001 | 11592974 |
| quantitative determination of naphthoquinones of impatiens species. | a convenient and reliable reversed phase-hplc method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of naphthoquinones present in the aerial parts of impatiens glandulifera (balsaminaceae) during two growing seasons (may to august 1998 and june to october 1999). maximal content (0.8-1.1%) of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and its 2-methylated derivative was observed in flowers collected between july and august. the procedure was applied to compare the pigment content in three ... | 2001 | 11705027 |
| isolation of an antimicrobial compound from impatiens balsamina l. using bioassay-guided fractionation. | by using brine shrimp (artemia salina) lethality test-guided fractionation, a single bioactive compound (lc(50)=26 ppm) was isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the dried aerial parts of impatiens balsamina l. and subsequently identified as 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (mnq). the structure of mnq was confirmed by uv, ft-ir, ms, and 1-and 2-d nmr spectroscopy. the antimicrobial activity of mnq was evaluated using 12 bacterial and eight fungal strains. five gram-positive and two gram-negative ... | 2001 | 11746859 |
| partial cytochrome b sequences for six hymenoptera of the eastern united states. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes have been commonly used to determine honeybee subspecies relationships. to see if these markers would also be useful for comparisons of other hymenoptera, we collected workers of six local species: vespa crabro, the european hornet; bombus impatiens, a bumblebee; vespula germanica, the german yellow jacket; polistes fuscatus, a paper wasp; halictus ligatus, an alkali bee; and an unspecified megachile, a leafcutting bee. mtdna was isolated and digested with si ... | 2001 | 11948223 |
| transgenic expression in arabidopsis of a polyprotein construct leading to production of two different antimicrobial proteins. | we developed a method for expression in arabidopsis of a transgene encoding a cleavable chimeric polyprotein. the polyprotein precursor consists of a leader peptide and two different antimicrobial proteins (amps), dmamp1 originating from dahlia merckii seeds and rsafp2 originating from raphanus sativus seeds, which are linked by an intervening sequence ("linker peptide") originating from a natural polyprotein occurring in seed of impatiens balsamina. the chimeric polyprotein was found to be clea ... | 2002 | 11950983 |
| preventive effects of impatiens balsamina on the hen egg-white lysozyme (hel)-induced decrease in blood flow. | monitoring the blood flow of unanesthesized mice was found to be a reliable and effective method for studying their anaphylactic responses, in addition to the known method of monitoring blood pressure. hen egg-white lysozyme (hel)-specific anaphylaxis in mice was estimated by monitoring the decrease in blood flow with a doppler blood flow meter. this method is convenient for searching for both anaphylaxis and anti-anaphylactic substances from natural products. using this system, we estimated the ... | 2002 | 11995933 |
| cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory 1,4-naphthoquinones from impatiens balsamina l. | significant selective cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibitory activities were observed for two new 1,4-naphthoquinone sodium salts, sodium 3-hydroxide-2[[sodium 3-hydroxide-1,4-dioxo(2-naphthyl)]ethyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione (impatienolate) (1) and sodium 2-hydroxide-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione (balsaminolate) (2), which were isolated from the corolla of impatiens balsamina l. (balsaminaceae). their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. our results offer evidence supporting th ... | 2002 | 12033510 |
| potential bioindicator plant species for ambient ozone in forested mountain areas of central europe. | from 1993 to 2000, trees, shrubs, forbs and vines were evaluated for symptoms of probable ozone injury in the vicinity of passive ozone samplers or active ozone monitors in forest condition assessment networks in mostly mountainous regions, principally the carpathian mountain range, in the central european countries czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine. each country was visited at least twice during the time period. over the course of eight seasons, 29 species of native plants w ... | 2002 | 12166662 |
| hazards of insecticides to the bumble bees bombus impatiens (hymenoptera: apidae) foraging on flowering white clover in turf. | insecticides used on turf are sometimes applied to areas with flowering weeds that attract honey bees and native pollinators. we tested residual effects of such treatments on colony vitality and behavior of the bumble bees bombus impatiens cresson foraging on turf containingwhite clover, trifolium repens l. imidacloprid, a syst emic chloronicotinyl used for preventive control of root-feeding grubs, was applied as granules, followed by irrigation, or sprayed as a wettable powder, with or without ... | 2002 | 12216812 |
| a comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products. | the brine shrimp lethality assay is considered a useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. it has also been suggested for screening pharmacological activities in plant extracts. however, we think that it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of the brine shrimp methods before they are used as a general bio-assay to test natural marine products for pharmacological activity. | 2002 | 12270067 |
| interactions between spinacia oleracea and bradysia impatiens: a role for phytoecdysteroids. | plant produced insect molting hormones, termed phytoecdysteroids (pes), are thought to function as plant defenses against insects by acting as either feeding deterrents or through developmental disruption. in spinach (spinacia oleracea), 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e) concentrations in the roots rapidly increase following root damage, root herbivory, or methyl jasmonate (mj) applications. in this inducible system, we investigated the plant defense hypothesis by examining interactions of roots, 20e con ... | 2002 | 12432520 |
| reducing environmental bias when measuring natural selection. | crucial to understanding the process of natural selection is characterizing phenotypic selection. measures of phenotypic selection can be biased by environmental variation among individuals that causes a spurious correlation between a trait and fitness. one solution is analyzing genotypic data, rather than phenotypic data. genotypic data, however, are difficult to gather, can be gathered from few species, and typically have low statistical power. environmental correlations may act through traits ... | 2002 | 12487346 |
| aflp analysis of genetic variability in new guinea impatiens. | new guinea impatiens ( impatiens hawkeri) is an economically important floral crop, however, little work has been conducted to further our understanding of the genetics of this crop. in this study, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technology to investigate the level of polymorphism present among 41 commercial cultivars of new guinea impatiens, study their genetic relatedness, and assess the genetic diversity in this material. an efficient dna extraction protocol was develope ... | 2003 | 12750794 |
| saccharospirillum impatiens gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gamma-proteobacterium isolated from hypersaline ekho lake (east antarctica). | five gram-negative, motile, aerobic to microaerophilic spirilla were isolated from various depths of the hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic ekho lake (east antarctica). the strains are oxidase- and catalase-positive, metabolize a variety of sugars and carboxylic acids and have an absolute requirement for sodium ions. the predominant fatty acids of the organisms are c(16 : 1)omega7c, c(16 : 0) and c(18 : 1)omega7c, with c(10 : 1))3-oh, c(10 : 0) 3-oh, c(12 : 0) 3-oh, c(14 : 1)3-oh, c(14 : 0 ... | 2003 | 12807182 |
| effects of a reward downshift on the consummatory behavior and flower choices of bumblebee foragers. | insect foragers often exhibit flower constancy, the tendency to visit single flower types rather than sample alternative flowers that provide equal or higher levels of reward. we employed a negative incentive contrast procedure to examine whether a decrease of sucrose concentration in a regularly visited flower type affects bumblebee (bombus impatiens) consummatory or choice behavior. subjects were trained to enter a test arena where they foraged on a single, red, artificial flower that containe ... | 2003 | 12954395 |
| evaluation of the genotoxicity induced by the fungicide fenarimol in mammalian and plant cells by use of the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. | fenarimol, a systemic pyrimidine carbinol fungicide, is considered to be not genotoxic or weakly genotoxic, although the available toxicological data are controversial and incomplete. our results obtained in vitro with leukocytes of two different rodent species (rat and mouse) show that fenarimol affects dna, as detected by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (scge, comet) assay. this fungicide is able to induce dna damage in a dose-related manner, with significant effectiveness at 36 nm, but wi ... | 2003 | 12972058 |
| [histochemical research on the cuvierian organs in holothuria impatiens forskal]. | | 1953 | 13127298 |
| [studies on anthocyanins. xxii. paper chromatographic analysis of natural anthocyanins and its use in studying the pigments in the red flowers of impatiens and in the red peach]. | | 1953 | 13155120 |
| chromosomes from herbarium sheets of impatiens. | | 1956 | 13291115 |
| enzymatic formation of uridine diphosphate glucose with preparations from impatiens holstii. | | 1958 | 13549423 |
| the flavonols of impatiens balsamina l. | | 1958 | 13560021 |
| the use of impatiens biflora (jewelweed) in the treatment of rhus dermatitis. | | 1958 | 13583762 |
| interaction of gibberellic acid and indoleacetic acid in impatiens. | gibberellic acid promotes doubling, early flowering, and fruiting directly in impatiens. it also lengthens the stem, probably through a neutralization of auxin inhibitors. such a mechanism would leave the growth-promoting auxins unchecked to produce the increased elongation characteristic of gibberellin application. it seems that application of additional auxin produces a rapid build-up of the auxin inhibitor(s) in the plant. | 1959 | 13635030 |
| the isolation of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone from impatiens balsamina l. (balsaminaceae). | | 1965 | 14330360 |
| effects on blood pressure decrease in response to paf of impatiens textori miq. | a 35% etoh extract of flowers of impatiens textori miq. showed an inhibitory effect on blood pressure decrease in response to platelet activating factor (paf) measured with a blood pressure monitoring system. bioassay-guided fractionation of the 35% etoh extract (it) led to isolation of the flavones apigenin (1) and luteolin (3), which significantly inhibited blood pressure decrease in response to paf. their compounds and apigenin 7-glucoside (2), chrysoeriol (4), quercetin (5), quercetin 3-gluc ... | 2003 | 14519965 |
| pollination ecology and pollination system of impatiens reptans (balsaminaceae) endemic to china. | china is one of the centres of geographical distribution of impatiens l. studies of the pollination ecology of this genus in china have, until now, been unreported. impatiens reptans, a species endemic to china, was studied. the aims were to examine the pollination ecology and pollination system of this species, to compare its pollination ecology with other impatiens species growing in sumatra and japan, and to discuss possible reasons for its limited distribution. | 2004 | 14706999 |
| an rt-pcr primer pair for the detection of pospiviroid and its application in surveying ornamental plants for viroids. | a primer pair for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), based on the conserved sequences of the members of genus pospiviroid was designed to yield a fragment of about 200 base pairs (bp). since pospiviroids infect a large number of plants species and a few members of the genus pospiviroid have been already detected in some ornamental plants, the primer pair was evaluated for its efficacy using ornamental plants. the method of return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (r-page) ... | 2004 | 14738987 |
| absolute configuration of chiral terpenes in marking pheromones of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees. | the absolute configurations of citronellol, 2,3-dihydrofarnesol, and 2,3-dihydrofarnesal in male marking pheromones of seven species of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees were determined by enantioselective gas chromatography on a capillary column coated with 60% heptakis(2,3-di-o-acetyl-6-o-tbdms)-beta-cyclodextrin in polysiloxane ps 268. pure (-)-s-enantiomers of all three terpenes were found in the labial glands of all investigated specimens of the following species: bombus (bombus) terrestris, ... | 2004 | 15034905 |
| bioindicator plants for ambient ozone in central and eastern europe. | sixteen species of native detector plants for ambient ozone have been identified for use in central and eastern europe. they include the forbs alchemilla sp., astrantia major, centuarea nigra, centauria scabiosa, impatiens parviflora, lapsana communis, rumex acetosa and senecio subalpinus; the shrubs corylus avellana, cornus sanguinea and sambucus racemosa; the trees alnus incana, pinus cembra and sorbus aucuparia; and the vines humulus lupulus and parthenocissus quinquefolia. sensitivity to ozo ... | 2004 | 15046838 |
| natural selection on light response curve parameters in the herbaceous annual, impatiens capensis. | we tested for genetic variation in light response curves and their acclimation to sun versus shade in recombinant inbred lines (rils) of the annual species impatiens capensis derived from a cross between sun and shade populations. we exposed replicates of 49 rils to experimentally manipulated light levels (open versus shade) in a greenhouse and measured photosynthetic light response curves, height, biomass, and reproduction. plants were taller in the shade treatment, but we were unable to detect ... | 2004 | 15083357 |
| frequency and microenvironmental pattern of selection on plastic shade-avoidance traits in a natural population of impatiens capensis. | the frequency and predictability of different selective environments are important parameters in models for the evolution of plasticity but have rarely been measured empirically in natural populations. we used an experimental phytometer approach to examine the frequency, predictability, and environmental determinants of heterogeneous selection on phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance responses in a natural population of the annual plant impatiens capensis. the strength and direction of selection ... | 2004 | 15122502 |