| ehrlichia muris sp. nov., identified on the basis of 16s rrna base sequences and serological, morphological, and biological characteristics. | the 16s rrna gene of a new infectious agent, strain as145t (t = type strain), which was isolated from a wild mouse in japan, was amplified by using the pcr. the amplimers were directly sequenced by dideoxynucleotide methods with taq dna polymerase. sequence comparisons with other members of the tribe ehrlichieae and related species revealed that the infectious agent isolated from the mouse is a new species of the genus ehrlichia that is most closely related to ehrlichia chaffeensis (level of seq ... | 1995 | 7537059 |
| ehrlichia canis-like agent isolated from a man in venezuela: antigenic and genetic characterization. | we report the first isolation and molecular and antigenic characterization of a human ehrlichial species in south america. a retrospective study was performed with serum specimens from 6 children with clinical signs suggestive of human ehrlichiosis and 43 apparently healthy adults who had a close contact with dogs exhibiting clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis. the evaluation was performed by the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay with ehrlichia chaffeensis arkansas, ehrlichia ca ... | 1996 | 8862572 |
| impaired antigen specific responses and enhanced polyclonal stimulation in mice infected with ehrlichia muris. | the immune status of balb/c mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation with ehrlichia muris was examined. the level of e. muris infection in both peritoneal cavity and spleen was greatest at day 10 postinoculation (pi). thereafter, the infection level was dramatically reduced while the organism persisted for up to 400 days pi. the greatest intraperitoneal infiltration of leukocytes, splenomegaly, and leukocytosis were observed on days 10, 15, and 20 pi, respectively. infected mice developed ma ... | 1996 | 8887352 |
| comparison of nested pcr with immunofluorescent-antibody assay for detection of ehrlichia canis infection in dogs treated with doxycycline. | a partial 16s rrna gene was amplified in ehrlichia canis-infected cells by nested pcr. the assay was specific and did not amplify the closely related ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia muris, neorickettsia helminthoeca, and sf agent 16s rrna genes. the assay was as sensitive as southern hybridization, detecting as little as 0.2 pg of e. canis dna. by this method, all blood samples from four dogs experimentally infected with e. canis were positive as early as day 4 postinoculation, which was before ... | 1997 | 9196207 |
| comparison of ehrlichia muris strains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic survey of humans and animals with e. muris as antigen. | in metropolitan tokyo, the ehrlichia muris seropositivity rate of 24 wild mice was 63% in hinohara village, but in the surrounding areas, it was 0 to 5%. this finding suggests that the reservoir of e. muris is focal. among the 15 seropositive mice, ehrlichiae were isolated from 9 apodemus speciosus mice and 1 a. argenteus mouse, respectively. five ehrlichial isolates were obtained from 10 ticks (haemaphysalis flava) collected in asuke town, aichi prefecture, where the e. muris type strain had be ... | 1999 | 10074536 |
| pcr amplification and phylogenetic analysis of groesl operon sequences from ehrlichia ewingii and ehrlichia muris. | broad-range pcr primers were used to amplify part of the groesl operon of the canine pathogen ehrlichia ewingii, recently recognized as a human pathogen, and the murine pathogen ehrlichia muris. phylogenetic analysis supported the relationships among ehrlichia species previously determined by comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences. these sequences provide additional pcr targets for species for which few gene sequences have been determined. | 2000 | 10878077 |
| identification of ehrlichia spp. and borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ticks in the baltic regions of russia. | the presence and distribution of ehrlichia spp. and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was demonstrated among ixodid ticks collected in the baltic regions of russia, where lyme borreliosis is endemic. a total of 3,426 ixodes ricinus and 1,267 ixodes persulcatus specimens were collected, and dark-field microscopy showed that 265 (11.5%) i. ricinus and 333 (26.3%) i. persulcatus ticks were positive. from these samples, 472 dark-field-positive and 159 dark-field-negative ticks were subjected to pcr an ... | 2001 | 11376063 |
| phylogenetic relationships of anaplasma marginale and 'ehrlichia platys' to other ehrlichia species determined by groel amino acid sequences. | the heat-shock protein (groel) genes of anaplasma marginale, ehrlichia muris and 'ehrlichia platys' were sequenced and compared with the groel of other species of ehrlichia. the groel amino acid sequences of a. marginale and 'e. platys' were most similar to the groel sequence of ehrlichia phagocytophila, with which they formed one group with 6-10% divergence. the e. muris groel was most closely related to the groel of two unclassified strains (hf-565 and anan), then to ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehr ... | 2001 | 11414267 |
| citrate synthase gene sequence: a new tool for phylogenetic analysis and identification of ehrlichia. | the sequence of the citrate synthase gene (glta) of 13 ehrlichial species (ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia muris, an ehrlichia species recently detected from ixodes ovatus, cowdria ruminantium, ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi, the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis [hge] agent, anaplasma marginale, anaplasma centrale, ehrlichia sennetsu, ehrlichia risticii, and neorickettsia helminthoeca) have been determined by degenerate pcr and the genome walker method. the ehrlichial ... | 2001 | 11526124 |
| [detection of the genotypic heterogeneity of ixodes persulcatus schulze (acari: ixodidae) of the north-west region of russia and characteristics of distribution of tick-borne pathogens causing lyme disease and ehrlichia infections in various genotypes]. | the heterogeneity of the ixodes persulcatus population in the vicinity of saint petersburg was estimated by using malate dehydrogenase (mdh) isoenzyme. there are six mdh genotypes carrying 3 alleles in the ixodes persulcatus population. the prevalence of borrelia and ehrlichia species in the study genotypes was analyzed. there was a difference in the prevalence and intensity of infection. the greatest abundance of borrelia was described in the genotypes to genogroup 1 (with allele 1). among them ... | 2001 | 11680364 |
| detection of ehrlichia canis in canine carrier blood and in individual experimentally infected ticks with a p30-based pcr assay. | detection of vector-borne pathogens is necessary for investigation of their association with vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. the ability to detect ehrlichia spp. within individual experimentally infected ticks would be valuable for studies to evaluate the relative competence of different vector species and transmission scenarios. the purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive pcr assay based on oligonucleotide sequences from the unique ehrlichia canis gene, p30, to facilitate studies th ... | 2002 | 11825969 |
| rna polymerase beta-subunit-based phylogeny of ehrlichia spp., anaplasma spp., neorickettsia spp. and wolbachia pipientis. | sequence analysis of rpob, the gene encoding the beta-subunit of rna polymerase, was used in a phylogenetic investigation of nine species from the genera ehrlichia, neorickettsia, wolbachia and anaplasma. the complete nucleotide sequences obtained for anaplasma phagocytophilum (hge agent), ehrlichia chaffeensis, neorickettsia sennetsu, neorickettsia risticii, anaplasma marginale and wolbachia pipientis were amongst the longest rpob sequences in genbank and ranged from 4074 bp for n. sennetsu to ... | 2003 | 12710612 |
| molecular characterization of the 28 kda multigene locus of ehrlichia muris. | | 2003 | 12860711 |
| overproduction of tnf-alpha by cd8+ type 1 cells and down-regulation of ifn-gamma production by cd4+ th1 cells contribute to toxic shock-like syndrome in an animal model of fatal monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme) is an emerging, life-threatening, infectious disease caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis, an obligate intracellular bacterium that lacks cell wall lps. we have previously developed an animal model of severe hme using a strain of ehrlichia isolated from ixodes ovatus ticks (ioe). to understand the basis of susceptibility to severe monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, we compared low and high doses of the highly virulent ioe strain and the less virulent ehrlichia muris ... | 2004 | 14734762 |
| mechanisms of immunity to ehrlichia muris: a model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichia species can cause life-threatening infections or chronic persistent infections. mechanisms of protective immunity were examined in an ehrlichia muris mouse model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. c57bl/6 mice possessed strong genetic resistance to e. muris of an undetermined mechanism. cd8 t lymphocytes were particularly important, as revealed by 81% fatalities for e. muris-infected, major histocompatibility complex class i gene knockout mice compared with no deaths for wild-type c3h mic ... | 2004 | 14742542 |
| detection of a rickettsia closely related to rickettsia aeschlimannii, "rickettsia heilongjiangensis," rickettsia sp. strain rpa4, and ehrlichia muris in ticks collected in russia and kazakhstan. | using pcr, we screened 411 ticks from four genera collected in russia and kazakhstan for the presence of rickettsiae and ehrlichiae. in russia, we detected "rickettsia heilongjiangensis," rickettsia sp. strain rpa4, and ehrlichia muris. in kazakhstan, we detected rickettsia sp. strain rpa4 and a rickettsia closely related to rickettsia aeschlimannii. these agents should be considered in a differential diagnosis of tick-borne infections in these areas. | 2004 | 15131195 |
| [new evidence for the detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma in ixodes ticks in russia and kazakhstan]. | polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis were used to screen ehrlichia and anaplasma dna in 900 specimens of ixodes ticks of four genera (dermacetor, haemaphysalis, ixodes, and hyalomma) collected on 14 administrative territories of russia and kazakhstan. anaplasma phagocytophilia dna was detected and identified in ixodes persulcatus ticks gathered in the altai and primorye territories. ehrlichia muris dna was genotyped in the i. persulcatus ticks collected in the tyumen, omsk, and novosi ... | 2004 | 15193042 |
| histologic, serologic, and molecular analysis of persistent ehrlichiosis in a murine model. | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis was reported in 1987. an animal model to study acute fatal ehrlichiosis in mice that has been developed closely resembles the fatal form of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. however, animal models for persistent infection in the genus ehrlichia in immunocompetent mice have not been characterized. we report the histopathological progression of ehrlichia muris infection in immunocompetent mice (akr and c57bl/6 strains) correlated w ... | 2004 | 15331423 |
| seroepidemiological study of canine ehrlichial infections in yamaguchi prefecture and surrounding areas of japan. | randomly selected serum samples from 150 dogs from yamaguchi and neighbouring prefectures were subjected to the indirect immunofluorescent assay to detect antibodies against ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia muris and ehrlichia from ixodes ovatus. a total of 30 out of the 150 serum samples reacted with at least one of the antigens at a titer of 1:20 or more. considerable cross-reactivity was seen and most samples reacted with at least two different antigens. fifteen (10.0%) dogs ... | 2004 | 15350665 |
| exogenous and endogenous glycolipid antigens activate nkt cells during microbial infections. | cd1d-restricted natural killer t (nkt) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that express a conserved t-cell receptor and contribute to host defence against various microbial pathogens. however, their target lipid antigens have remained elusive. here we report evidence for microbial, antigen-specific activation of nkt cells against gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-negative alpha-proteobacteria such as ehrlichia muris and sphingomonas capsulata. we have identified glycosylceramides from the ce ... | 2005 | 15791258 |
| tickborne pathogen detection, western siberia, russia. | ixodes persulcatus (n = 125) and dermacentor reticulatus (n = 84) ticks from western siberia, russia, were tested for infection with borrelia, anaplasma/ehrlichia, bartonella, and babesia spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays with subsequent sequencing. i. persulcatus ticks were infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (37.6% +/- 4.3% [standard deviation]), anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.4% +/- 1.4%), ehrlichia muris (8.8% +/- 2.5%), and bartonella spp. (37.6% +/- 4.3%). d. re ... | 2005 | 16318722 |
| analysis of ehrlichial p28 gene expression in a murine model of persistent infection. | historically, ehrlichioses were tick-borne diseases of veterinary medical importance and are now important emerging infectious diseases in humans. p28s are encoded by multigene families with orfs tandemly arranged with intergenic spaces of variable lengths. we reported initial sequencing of the ehrlichia muris p28 locus. a model of persistent infection was described and provided tools for study of persistent ehrlichial infection. we completed the sequence of the e. muris p28 locus and examined m ... | 2005 | 16481552 |
| an intradermal environment promotes a protective type-1 response against lethal systemic monocytotropic ehrlichial infection. | immune responses against monocytotropic ehrlichiosis during infection with a strain of ehrlichia from ixodes ovatus (ioe) were evaluated using a model that closely reproduces the pathology and immunity associated with tick-transmitted human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. c57bl/6 mice were inoculated intradermally or intraperitoneally with high-dose highly virulent ioe or intraperitoneally with mildly virulent ehrlichia muris. intradermal (i.d.) infection with ioe established mild, self-limited dis ... | 2006 | 16861674 |
| serologic evidence for rickettsia typhi and an ehrlichial agent in norway rats from baltimore, maryland, usa. | we screened serum from 90 norway rats trapped in east baltimore, maryland, usa, from april to november 2005 for antibodies against rickettsia typhi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. six rats had positive titers of > or = 1:64 against r. typhi and did not react with r. akari. in addition, four rats had cross-reactive antibodies with titers of > or = 1:64 against ehrlichia chaffeensis. sera from these rats also cross-reacted with anaplasma phagocytophilum or ehrlichia muris. our data indicate that the ag ... | 2006 | 16989563 |
| prevalence of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus ticks from the vologda province of russia. | the prevalence of rickettsiae, ehrlichiae, and the rickettsia-like endosymbiont called montezuma relative to that of borrelia was determined in questing ixodes persulcatus (i. persulcatus) ticks collected in 2002-2003 from vologda province, russia. ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, montezuma, and new spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the first time in this area. the rickettsiae were all candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae, the furthest ... | 2006 | 17114724 |
| detection of members of the genera rickettsia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia in ticks collected in the asiatic part of russia. | a total of 395 adult ixodid ticks from three genera (dermacentor, haemaphysalis, and ixodes) collected from the urals to the far east of russia were tested by pcr and sequencing for the presence of spotted fever rickettsiae, anaplasmae, and ehrlichiae. four, pathogens recognized in humans were detected in ticks: rickettsia sibirica, r. heilongjiangensis, r. helvetica, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. in addition, rickettsiae and ehrlichiae of unknown pathogenicity were detected, including ricketts ... | 2006 | 17114745 |
| detection of ehrlichia muris in a yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis) in central slovakia. | | 2007 | 17432949 |
| molecular survey of babesia microti, ehrlichia species and candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in wild rodents from shimane prefecture, japan. | a significant number of patients are diagnosed with "fevers of unknown origin" (fuo) in shimane prefecture in japan where tick-borne diseases are endemic. we conducted molecular surveys for babesia microti, ehrlichia species, and candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis in 62 fuo cases and 62 wild rodents from shimane prefecture, japan. pcr using primers specific for the babesia 18s small-subunit rrna (rdna) gene and anaplasmataceae groesl amplified products from 45% (28/62) and 25.8% (16/62) of captu ... | 2007 | 17446675 |
| prevalence of tick-borne rickettsia and ehrlichia in ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ovatus in tokachi district, eastern hokkaido, japan. | dna from 111 ticks collected by flagging in tokachi district, eastern hokkaido, japan were examined for infection with rickettsia and ehrlichia, by pcr and sequencing methodology. for rickettsia, analysis of the partial sequence of the citrate synthase gene was successfully performed on 11 dna samples from i. persulcatus, and 7 of them showed 99.8% identical with rickettsia helvetica while the other 4 showed 99.8% identical with ;candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae'. for ehrlichia, a partial seq ... | 2007 | 17611367 |
| t-cell-independent humoral immunity is sufficient for protection against fatal intracellular ehrlichia infection. | although humoral immunity has been shown to contribute to host defense during intracellular bacterial infections, its role has generally been ancillary. instead, cd4 t cells are often considered to play the dominant role in protective immunity via their production of type i cytokines. our studies of highly pathogenic ehrlichia bacteria isolated from ixodes ovatus (ioe) reveal, however, that this paradigm is not always correct. immunity to ioe infection can be induced by infection with a closely ... | 2007 | 17664264 |
| detection and identification of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks from the north western region of russia. | ixodes persulcatus schultze ticks are traditionally associated with transmission of lyme disease, babesiosis, and tick-borne encephalitis. here we compared the prevalence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsial and ehrlichial agents in i. persulcatus ticks collected in different locations of the north western administrative region of russia. altogether, 27.7% of ticks were infected with at least one organism, while the dna of two or more bacteria was found in 11.8% of ticks teste ... | 2007 | 17767409 |
| detection of ehrlichia muris dna from sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) in hokkaido, japan. | ehrlichia muris dna was detected in the blood of sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific pcr based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of e. muris. | 2007 | 17964725 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| protective heterologous immunity against fatal ehrlichiosis and lack of protection following homologous challenge. | the roles of antibodies and memory t cells in protection against virulent ehrlichia have not been completely investigated. in this study, we addressed these issues by using murine models of mild and fatal ehrlichiosis caused by related monocytotropic ehrlichia strains. mice were primed with either ehrlichia muris or closely related virulent ehrlichiae transmitted by ixodes ovatus (ioe) ticks given intraperitoneally or intradermally. all groups were reinfected intraperitoneally, 30 days later, wi ... | 2008 | 18285501 |
| cd11c expression identifies a population of extrafollicular antigen-specific splenic plasmablasts responsible for cd4 t-independent antibody responses during intracellular bacterial infection. | although t-independent immunity is known to be generated against bacterial capsular and cell wall polysaccharides expressed by a number of bacterial pathogens, it has not been studied in depth during intracellular bacterial infections. our previous study demonstrated that ehrlichia muris, an obligate intracellular tick-borne pathogen, generates protective classical ti responses in cd4 t cell-deficient c57bl/6 mice. we found that e. muris t-independent immunity is accompanied by the expansion of ... | 2008 | 18606692 |
| [microorganisms of the order rickettsiales in taiga tick (ixodes persulcatus sch.) from the pre-ural region]. | the pcr and sequence analysis revealed dna ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. in the i. persulcatus ticks and blood samples from a patients with acute febrile illness occurring after a tick bite, registered in the seasonal peak of the tick activity of one of the highly endemic areas of russia (perm region). these data confirmed the validity a diagnosis of hme and hga, which were made earlier on the basis of the clinical-serologic survey. in 10.0% of the tested taiga ... | 2008 | 18756787 |
| incidence of various tick-borne microorganisms in rodents and ticks of central slovakia. | in this study, we detected rickettsia helvetica, candidatus midichloria mitochondrii, anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia muris, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, and bartonella sp. infections in wild rodents and ticks collected from the vegetation of central slovakia. the microorganisms were identified by pcr and sequencing. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) were infected with e. muris and bartonella sp., while ticks ixodes ricinus collected from the vegetation were infected with r. ... | 2008 | 18999892 |
| diminished hematopoietic activity associated with alterations in innate and adaptive immunity in a mouse model of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. | human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) is a tick-borne disease caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis. patients exhibit diagnostically important hematological changes, including anemia and thrombocytopenia, although the basis of the abnormalities is unknown. to begin to understand these changes, we used a mouse model of ehrlichiosis to determine whether the observed hematological changes induced by infection are associated with altered hematopoietic activity. infection with ehrlichia muris, a pathogen clos ... | 2009 | 19451243 |
| antigen display, t-cell activation, and immune evasion during acute and chronic ehrlichiosis. | how spatial and temporal changes in major histocompatibility complex/peptide antigen presentation to cd4 t cells regulate cd4 t-cell responses during intracellular bacterial infections is relatively unexplored. we have shown that immunization with an ehrlichial outer membrane protein, omp-19, protects mice against fatal ehrlichial challenge infection, and we identified a cd4 t-cell epitope (ia(b)/omp-19(107-122)) that elicited cd4 t cells following either immunization or infection. here, we have ... | 2009 | 19635826 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris induce cytopenias and global defects in hematopoiesis. | | 2009 | 19793126 |
| persistent infection contributes to heterologous protective immunity against fatal ehrlichiosis. | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme), an emerging and often life-threatening tick-transmitted disease, is caused by the obligately intracellular bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis. hme is modeled in c57bl/6 mice using ehrlichia muris, which causes persistent infection, and ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe), which is either acutely lethal or sublethal depending on the dose and route of inoculation. a persistent primary e. muris infection, but not a sublethal ioe infection, protects mice against an or ... | 2009 | 19805532 |
| impaired germinal center responses and suppression of local igg production during intracellular bacterial infection. | germinal centers (gcs) are specialized microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs that facilitate the development of high-affinity, isotype-switched abs, and immunological memory; consequently, many infections require gc-derived igg for pathogen clearance. although ehrlichia muris infection elicits a robust expansion of splenic, igm-secreting plasmablasts, we detected only very low frequencies of isotype-switched igg-secreting cells in mouse spleens, until at least 3 wk postinfection. instea ... | 2010 | 20351185 |
| myd88-dependent signaling contributes to host defense against ehrlichial infection. | the ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria in the family anaplasmataceae. ehrlichial infection in an accidental host may result in fatal diseases such as human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, an emerging, tick-borne disease. although the role of adaptive immune responses in the protection against ehrlichiosis has been well studied, the mechanism by which the innate immune system is activated is not fully understood. using ehrlichia muris as a model organism, we show here ... | 2010 | 20668698 |
| igm production by bone marrow plasmablasts contributes to long-term protection against intracellular bacterial infection. | igm responses are well known to occur early postinfection and tend to be short-lived, which has suggested that this ig does not significantly contribute to long-term immunity. in this study, we demonstrate that chronic infection with the intracellular bacterium ehrlichia muris elicits a protective, long-term igm response. moreover, we identified a population of cd138(high)igm(high) b cells responsible for ag-specific igm production in the bone marrow. the igm-secreting cells, which exhibited cha ... | 2010 | 21148037 |
| infection-induced myelopoiesis during intracellular bacterial infection is critically dependent upon ifn-γ signaling. | although microbial infections can alter steady-state hematopoiesis, the mechanisms that drive such changes are not well understood. we addressed a role for ifn-γ signaling in infection-induced bone marrow suppression and anemia in a murine model of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease. within the bone marrow of ehrlichia muris-infected c57bl/6 mice, we observed a reduction in myeloid progenitor cells, as defined both phenotypically and functionally. infected mice exhibite ... | 2010 | 21149601 |
| exit mechanisms of the intracellular bacterium ehrlichia. | the obligately intracellular bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis that resides in mononuclear phagocytes is the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. ehrlichia muris and ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe) are agents of mouse models of ehrlichiosis. the mechanism by which ehrlichia are transported from an infected host cell to a non-infected cell has not been demonstrated. | 2010 | 21187937 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia muris in wisconsin deer ticks collected during the mid 1990s. | human ehrlichiosis is due to infection by tick transmitted bacteria of the genus ehrlichia. based on a hypothesis for the biogeography of deer tick transmitted infections, we undertook a focused search for the eurasian e. muris in north american deer ticks. the search was stimulated by anecdotal reports of e. muris-like infection in human ehrlichiosis patients from wisconsin. we analyzed archived adult deer ticks collected in northern wisconsin during the 1990s by specific polymerase chain react ... | 2011 | 21643499 |
| [study of the heterogeneity of 16s rrna gene and groesl operone in the dna samples of anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia muris, and "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" determined in the ixodes persulcatus ticks in the area of urals, siberia, and far east of russia]. | a total of 3552 ixodes persulcatus from sverdlovsk, chelyabinsk, novosibirsk, irkutsk regions and khabarovsk territory were examined on the ehrlichia and anaplasma presence by nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. both anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris dna were found in i. persulcatus in all studied regions. a. phagocytophilum was detected in 1.3-6.3% of ticks and e. muris - in 2.0-14.1% of ticks. moreover, "candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis" dna was found in 8 ticks collected in n ... | 2011 | 21786632 |
| the interaction between il-18 and il-18 receptor limits the magnitude of protective immunity and enhances pathogenic responses following infection with intracellular bacteria. | the binding of il-18 to il-18r+¦ induces both proinflammatory and protective functions during infection, depending on the context in which it occurs. il-18 is highly expressed in the liver of wild-type (wt) c57bl/6 mice following lethal infection with highly virulent ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe), an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes acute fatal toxic shock-like syndrome. in this study, we found that ioe infection of il-18r+¦(-/-) mice resulted in significantly less host cell apoptosi ... | 2011 | 21715688 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma and ehrlichia in the asian part of russia. | totally, 2590 questing adult ixodes persulcatus ticks and 1458 small mammals from ural, siberia, and the far east as well as 53 haemaphysalis concinna, 136 haem. japonica, and 43 dermacentor silvarum ticks--exclusively adults--from the far east were examined for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. both anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris were found in i. persulcatus and small mammals from all the studied regions. myodes spp., microtus spp., ... | 2010 | 21771512 |
| transient activation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by ifnγ during acute bacterial infection. | how hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) respond to inflammatory signals during infections is not well understood. our studies have used a murine model of ehrlichiosis, an emerging tick-born disease, to address how infection impacts hematopoietic function. infection of c57bl/6 mice with the intracellular bacterium, ehrlichia muris, results in anemia and thrombocytopenia, similar to what is observed in human ehrlichiosis patients. in the mouse, infection promotes myelopoiesis, a process that is critic ... | 2011 | 22194881 |
| immunization with ehrlichia p28 outer membrane proteins confers protection in a mouse model of ehrlichiosis. | the obligately intracellular bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis that resides in mononuclear phagocytes is the etiologic agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme). hme is an emerging and often life-threatening, tick-transmitted infectious disease in the united states. effective primary immune responses against ehrlichia infection involve generation of ehrlichia-specific gamma interferon (ifn-γ)-producing cd4(+) t cells and cytotoxic cd8(+) t cells, activation of macrophages by ifn-γ, and prod ... | 2011 | 22030371 |
| Structure-based vaccines provide protection in a mouse model of ehrlichiosis. | Recent advances in bioinformatics have made it possible to predict the B cell and T cell epitopes of antigenic proteins. This has led to design of peptide based vaccines that are more specific, safe, and easy to produce. The obligately intracellular gram negative bacteria Ehrlichia cause ehrlichioses in humans and animals. As yet there are no vaccines to protect against Ehrlichia infection. | 2011 | 22114733 |
| [the application of polymerase chain reaction in real-time operation mode to detect dna of agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and monocytic erlychiosis]. | the analysis was applied to detect dna of agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and monocytic erlychiosis. the sampling included 109 ticks of ixodes species from novosibirsk oblast and khabarovsk kray and blood samples of 111 mouse-like rodents from omsk oblast. the used techniques included polymerase chain reaction in real-time operation mode with set of reagents "realbest dna anaplasma phagocytophilum/ehrlichia muris, ehrlichia chaffeensis" ("vector-best" novosibirsk) and double round poly ... | 2012 | 23305021 |
| antigen-driven induction of polyreactive igm during intracellular bacterial infection. | polyreactivity is well known as a property of natural igm produced by b-1 cells. we demonstrate that polyreactive igm is also generated during infection of mice with ehrlichia muris, a tick-borne intracellular bacterial pathogen. the polyreactive igm bound self and foreign ags, including single-stranded and double-stranded dna, insulin, thyroglobulin, lps, influenza virus, and borrelia burgdorferi. production of polyreactive igm during infection was ag driven, not due to polyclonal b cell activa ... | 2012 | 22730531 |
| comparison of phenology and pathogen prevalence, including infection with the ehrlichia muris-like (eml) agent, of ixodes scapularis removed from soldiers in the midwestern and the northeastern united states over a 15 year period (1997-2012). | since 1997, human-biting ticks submitted to the department of defense human tick test kit program (httkp) of the us army public health command have been tested for pathogens by pcr. we noted differences in the phenology and infection prevalence among ixodes scapularis ticks submitted from military installations in different geographic regions. the aim of this study was to characterize these observed differences, comparing the phenology and pathogen infection rates of i. scapularis submitted from ... | 2014 | 25465046 |
| intravascular persistence of anaplasma platys, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ehrlichia ewingii dna in the blood of a dog and two family members. | anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma platys, and ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, the "panola mountain ehrlichia" and ehrlichia muris-like pathogens have been identified as emerging tick borne infectious diseases in dogs and human patients. persistent intravascular infection with these bacteria is well documented in dogs, but is less well documented in human beings. | 2014 | 24984562 |
| human infection with ehrlichia muris-like pathogen, united states, 2007-2013(1). | an ehrlichia muris-like (eml) pathogen was detected among 4 patients in minnesota and wisconsin during 2009. we characterized additional cases clinically and epidemiologically. during 2004-2013, blood samples from 75,077 patients from all 50 united states were tested by pcr from the groel gene for ehrlichia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum. during 2007-2013, samples from 69 (0.1%) patients were positive for the eml pathogen; patients were from 5 states: indiana (1), michigan (1), minnesota (33 ... | 2015 | 26402378 |
| human pathogens associated with the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis: a systematic review. | the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis transmits borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto) in eastern north america; however, the agent of lyme disease is not the sole pathogen harbored by the blacklegged tick. the blacklegged tick is expanding its range into areas of southern canada such as ontario, an area where exposure to blacklegged tick bites and tick-borne pathogens is increasing. we performed a systematic review to evaluate the public health risks posed by expanding blacklegged tick populatio ... | 2016 | 27151067 |
| type i interferons promote severe disease in a mouse model of lethal ehrlichiosis. | human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) is caused by a tick-borne obligate intracellular pathogen of the order rickettsiales. hme disease can range from mild to a fatal, toxic shock-like syndrome, yet the mechanisms regulating pathogenesis are not well understood. we define a central role for type i interferons (alpha interferon [ifn-α] and ifn-β) in severe disease in a mouse model of fatal ehrlichiosis caused by ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (ioe). ifn-α and ifn-β were induced by ioe infection but not in ... | 2014 | 24491580 |
| molecular detection and characterization of zoonotic and veterinary pathogens in ticks from northeastern china. | tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in china. in this study, ixodes persulcatus (n = 1699), haemaphysalis concinna (n = 412), haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 390), dermacentor nuttalli (n = 253), and dermacentor silvarum (n = 204) ticks were collected by flagging from northeastern china, and detected for infection with anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, and hepatozoon spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing analysis. an ... | 2016 | 27965644 |
| tissue distribution of the ehrlichia muris-like agent in a tick vector. | human pathogens transmitted by ticks undergo complex life cycles alternating between the arthropod vector and a mammalian host. while the latter has been investigated to a greater extent, examination of the biological interactions between microbes and the ticks that carry them presents an equally important opportunity for disruption of the disease cycle. in this study, we used in situ hybridization to demonstrate infection by the ehrlichia muris-like organism, a newly recognized human pathogen, ... | 2015 | 25781930 |
| a tick vector transmission model of monocytotropic ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. the objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla). | 2015 | 25737562 |
| nk cell-mediated regulation of protective memory responses against intracellular ehrlichial pathogens. | ehrlichiae are gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria that cause potentially fatal human monocytic ehrlichiosis. we previously showed that natural killer (nk) cells play a critical role in host defense against ehrlichia during primary infection. however, the contribution of nk cells to the memory response against ehrlichia remains elusive. primary infection of c57bl/6 mice with ehrlichia muris provides long-term protection against a second challenge with the highly virulent ixodes ovatus ... | 2016 | 27092553 |
| the omentum is a site of protective igm production during intracellular bacterial infection. | infection of mice with the bacterium ehrlichia muris elicits a protective t cell-independent (ti) igm response mediated primarily by a population of cd11c-expressing plasmablasts in the spleen. although splenic marginal zone (mz) b cells are considered to be important for ti responses to blood-borne pathogens, mz b cells were not responsible for generating plasmablasts in response to ehrlichia muris. moreover, antigen-specific serum igm was decreased only modestly in splenectomized mice and in m ... | 2015 | 25776744 |
| early induction of interleukin-10 limits antigen-specific cd4⁺ t cell expansion, function, and secondary recall responses during persistent phagosomal infection. | diverse pathogens have evolved to survive and replicate in the endosomes or phagosomes of the host cells and establish persistent infection. ehrlichiae are gram-negative, intracellular bacteria that are transmitted by ticks. ehrlichiae reside in the endosomes of the host phagocytic or endothelial cells and establish persistent infection in their vertebrate reservoir hosts. cd4(+) t cells play a critical role in protection against phagosomal infections. in the present study, we investigated the e ... | 2014 | 25024370 |
| an animal model of a newly emerging human ehrlichiosis. | human ehrlichioses are emerging life-threatening diseases transmitted by ticks. animal models have been developed to study disease development; however, there is no valid small animal model that uses a human ehrlichial pathogen. the objective of this study was to develop a mouse model for ehrlichiosis with the newly discovered human pathogen, ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla). | 2014 | 24990203 |
| complete genome sequence of ehrlichia muris strain as145t, a model monocytotropic ehrlichia strain. | we report here the complete genome sequence of ehrlichia muris strain as145(t), which was isolated from a wild mouse in 1983 in japan. e. muris establishes persistent infections in laboratory mice and is widely used as a surrogate pathogen in a murine model of ehrlichiosis. | 2014 | 24482514 |
| tlr2 and nod2 mediate resistance or susceptibility to fatal intracellular ehrlichia infection in murine models of ehrlichiosis. | our murine models of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) have shown that severe and fatal ehrlichiosis is due to generation of pathogenic t cell responses causing immunopathology and multi-organ failure. however, the early events in the liver, the main site of infection, are not well understood. in this study, we examined the liver transcriptome during the course of lethal and nonlethal infections caused by ixodes ovatus ehrlichia and ehrlichia muris, respectively. on day 3 post-infection (p.i.), ... | 2013 | 23526993 |
| a real-time pcr assay for detection of the ehrlichia muris-like agent, a newly recognized pathogen of humans in the upper midwestern united states. | the ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla) is an emerging, tick-transmitted human pathogen that occurs in the upper midwestern united states. here, we describe the development and validation of a p13-based quantitative real-time pcr taqman assay to detect emla in blood or tissues of ticks, humans, and rodents. the primer and probe specificities of the assay were ascertained using a large panel of various ehrlichia species and other members of rickettsiales. in addition to control dna, both non-infect ... | 2015 | 26507653 |
| prevalence and distribution of human and tick infections with the ehrlichia muris-like agent and anaplasma phagocytophilum in wisconsin, 2009-2015. | ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are important emerging tickborne zoonoses that affect both humans and animals. knowledge of the geographic distribution and prevalence of ehrlichia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum in wisconsin is important information as a baseline for future comparisons. reported human cases between 2009 and 2015 were identified using the wisconsin electronic disease surveillance system (wedss) and mapped by county of residence. vector surveillance was established using ticks co ... | 2017 | 28055326 |
| evaluation of gulf coast ticks (acari: ixodidae) for ehrlichia and anaplasma species. | amblyomma maculatum koch (the gulf coast tick) is an aggressive, human-biting ixodid tick distributed throughout much of the southeastern united states and is the primary vector for rickettsia parkeri, an emerging human pathogen. amblyomma maculatum has diverse host preferences that include white-tailed deer, a known reservoir for ehrlichia and anaplasma species, including the human pathogens e. ewingii and e. chaffeensis to examine more closely the potential role of a. maculatum in the maintena ... | 2016 | 28031351 |
| infection of immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) by membrane feeding. | a reduction in the use of animals in infectious disease research is desirable for animal welfare as well as for simplification and standardization of experiments. an artificial silicone-based membrane-feeding system was adapted for complete engorgement of adult and nymphal ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), and for infecting nymphs with pathogenic, tick-borne bacteria. six wild-type and genetically transformed strains of four species of bacteria were inoculated into sterile bovine blood an ... | 2016 | 26721866 |
| undetermined human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in the united states, 2008-2012: a catch-all for passive surveillance. | human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are potentially severe illnesses endemic in the united states. several bacterial agents are known causes of these diseases: ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, ehrlichia muris-like agent, panola mountain ehrlichia species, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. because more than one agent may be present in one area, cases of human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis may be reported as "human ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis undetermined" when the available evidence does not ... | 2016 | 26621564 |
| lyme disease coinfections in the united states. | lyme disease in north america is caused by infection with the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus ticks. these ticks also have the potential to transmit a rapidly expanding list of other pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, deer tick (powassan) virus, borrelia miyamotoi, and the ehrlichia muris-like organism. coinfections with b burgdorferi and these other agents are oft ... | 2015 | 26593260 |
| detection of human pathogenic ehrlichia muris-like agent in peromyscus leucopus. | an ehrlichia muris-like (eml) bacterium was recently detected in humans and ixodes scapularis ticks in minnesota and wisconsin. the reservoir for this agent is unknown. to investigate the occurrence of the eml agent, groel pcr testing and sequencing was performed on blood from small mammals and white-tailed deer that were collected in areas where human and tick infections were previously demonstrated. dna of the eml agent was detected in two peromyscus leucopus of 146 small mammals (1.4%); while ... | 2015 | 25481346 |
| multiple tick-associated bacteria in ixodes ricinus from slovakia. | eighty ixodes ricinus ticks collected in the rovinka forest in slovakia were tested by real-time and routine single-step pcr for the presence of different pathogenic and endosymbiotic bacteria. no evidence of coxiella burnetii, diplorickettsia massiliensis, or bartonella spp. was found. however, we identified, as the pathogenic bacteria, anaplasma phagocytophilum in 8%, rickettsia helvetica in 11%, borrelia afzelii in 9%, bo. garinii in 8%, bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto in 5%, bo. valaisiana in ... | 2012 | 23182274 |
| dynamics, co-infections and characteristics of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in hokkaido small mammals, japan. | many of the emerging infectious diseases originate in wildlife and many of them are caused by vector-borne pathogens. in japan, zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (tbps) are frequently detected in both ticks and wildlife. here, we studied the infection rates of potentially zoonotic species, including anaplasma, ehrlichia, neoehrlichia and babesia spp., in hokkaido's most abundant small mammals as they relate to variable extrinsic factors that might affect the infection rates of these pathogens. a tot ... | 2016 | 27166277 |
| [dna detection of pathogens transmitted by ixodid ticks in blood of small mammals inhabiting the forest biotopes in middle irtysh area (omsk region, west siberia)]. | microtine rodents were captured in two disconnected sampling sites in omsk region where ixodes pesulrcatus and ixodes trianguliceps are sympatric. in blood samples of rodents the dna was revealed belonging to several ixodid-transmitted pathogens: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (prevalence 20.0 and 6.0%, here and further values are given for the first and second site, respectively), borrelia miyamotoi (8.3 and 2.0%), anlaplasnma phagocytophilum (33.3 and 48.0%), ehrlichia muris (30.0 and 2.0%) a ... | 2014 | 25507835 |
| [dna detection of pathogens transmitted by ixodid ticks in blood of small mammals inhabiting the forest biotopes in middle irtysh area (omsk region, west siberia)]. | microtine rodents were captured in two disconnected sampling sites in omsk region where ixodes pesulrcatus and ixodes trianguliceps are sympatric. in blood samples of rodents the dna was revealed belonging to several ixodid-transmitted pathogens: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (prevalence 20.0 and 6.0%, here and further values are given for the first and second site, respectively), borrelia miyamotoi (8.3 and 2.0%), anlaplasnma phagocytophilum (33.3 and 48.0%), ehrlichia muris (30.0 and 2.0%) a ... | 2014 | 25434237 |
| molecular epidemiological surveillance to assess emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne infections in tick samples from china evaluated by nested pcrs. | an investigation was performed to detect eight pathogens in ticks collected from grass tips or animals in the southern, central and northeast regions of china. dna samples extracted from ticks were collected from ten different locations in eight provinces of china and subjected to screening for tick-borne pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ehrlichia spp., rickettsia spp., babesia/theileria spp., ehrlichia ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis, using nested ... | 2016 | 26943995 |
| update and commentary on four emerging tick-borne infections: ehrlichia muris-like agent, borrelia miyamotoi, deer tick virus, heartland virus, and whether ticks play a role in transmission of bartonella henselae. | emerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the united states and elsewhere. current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to ehrlichia muris-like agent, deer tick virus, borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and heartland virus was provided and critically reviewed. more research is needed to define the incidence and to understand the clinical and the laboratory features of these infections. there is also a growing need for the ... | 2015 | 25999230 |
| ultrastructure of ehrlichia mineirensis, a new member of the ehrlichia genus. | recently, we reported the in vitro isolation and the molecular characterization of a new species of ehrlichia (ehrlichia mineirensis) from haemolymph of brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. this organism shows an ortholog of ehrlichia canis major immunogenic protein gp36 with a new structure of tandem repeats. in the present study, we used electron microscopy (high pressure freezing and freeze substitution preparative techniques) to characterize morphologically this new agent gro ... | 2013 | 23998429 |
| experimental evaluation of peromyscus leucopus as a reservoir host of the ehrlichia muris-like agent. | the ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla) is a newly recognized human pathogen in the north central united states. although blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis) have been identified as capable vectors, wild reservoirs have not yet been established for emla. as key hosts for i. scapularis, white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) are important reservoirs for various tick-borne pathogens, and potentially, for emla. the objective of this study was to evaluate reservoir competence in p. leucopus using a ... | 2017 | 28129781 |
| detection of candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis and ehrlichia muris in estonian ticks. | so far neglected bacteria like candidatud neoehrlichia mikurensis and ehrlichia muris-like agents get increased attention in the recent past. ixodid ticks were demonstrated to harbor both of these pathogens. estonia is populated by two medically important tick species, i. ricinus and i. persulcatus. in this study the presence of e. muris and candidatus n. mikurensis in these two tick species was investigated. tick dna was analyzed by nested pcr and subsequent sequencing for the presence of 16s r ... | 2017 | 27720382 |
| diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: rocky mountain spotted fever and other spotted fever group rickettsioses, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis - united states. | tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low-cost, effective antibacterial therapy. recognition early in the clinical course is critical because this is the period when antibacterial therapy is most effective. early signs and symptoms of these illnesses are nonspecific or mimic other illnesses, which can make diagnosis challenging. previously undescribed tickborne rickettsial diseases continue ... | 2016 | 27172113 |
| co-feeding transmission of the ehrlichia muris-like agent to mice (mus musculus). | the ehrlichia muris-like agent (emla) is a newly recognized human pathogen found in wisconsin and minnesota. ecological investigations have implicated both the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, and the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, as playing roles in the maintenance of emla in nature. the work presented here shows that i. scapularis is an efficient vector of emla in a laboratory mouse model, but that dermacentor variabilis, another frequent human biting tick found in emla endemic ... | 2016 | 26824725 |
| b cell activating factor inhibition impairs bacterial immunity by reducing t cell-independent igm secretion. | b cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (baff) is an essential survival factor for b cells and has been shown to regulate t cell-independent (ti) igm production. during ehrlichia muris infection, ti igm secretion in the spleen was baff dependent, and antibody-mediated baff neutralization led to an impairment of igm-mediated host defense. the failure of ti plasmablasts to secrete igm was not a consequence of alterations in their generation, survival, or early differentiation, ... | 2013 | 24082070 |
| inhibition of cell death of bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with ehrlichia muris. | ehrlichia muris is a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the family anaplasmataceae. it preferentially replicates inside macrophages by utilizing nutrients and processes of the host cell. in the present article, we studied the effects of e. muris infection on cell death of bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdms). primary bmdms were used for accessing e. muris-induced cell death, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and western blot analysis. human embryonic kidney cell li ... | 2013 | 23352172 |
| ehrlichia muris infection in a dog from minnesota. | | 2016 | 22816518 |
| detection and genetic characterization of a wide range of infectious agents in ixodes pavlovskyi ticks in western siberia, russia. | the ixodes pavlovskyi tick species, a member of the i. persulcatus/i. ricinus group, was discovered in the middle of the 20(th) century in the russian far east. limited data have been reported on the detection of infectious agents in this tick species. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variability of a wide range of infectious agents in i. pavlovskyi ticks collected in their traditional and recently invaded habitats, the altai mountains and novosibirsk province, ... | 2017 | 28545549 |
| proposal to reclassify ehrlichia muris as ehrlichia muris subsp. muris subsp. nov. and description of ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis subsp. nov., a newly recognized tick-borne pathogen of humans. | we have previously described a novel taxon of the genus ehrlichia (type strain wisconsint), closely related to ehrlichia muris, that causes human ehrlichiosis among patients with exposures to ticks in the upper midwestern usa. dna from this bacterium was also detected in ixodes scapularis and peromyscus leucopus collected in minnesota and wisconsin. to determine the relationship between the e. muris-like agent (emla) and other species of the genus ehrlichia phenotypic, genotypic and epidemiologi ... | 2017 | 28699575 |