| soldado virus from ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus (ixodoidea: argasidae) infesting herring gull nests on puffin island, northern wales. | three strains of soldado (sol) virus (hughes serogroup) were isolated from nymphal and adult ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus vermeil et marguet collected in and near nests of the herring gull, larus a. argentatus pontoppidan, on puffin island, northern wales. reciprocal complement fixation (cf) titration results demonstrated recovered virus strains to be sol virus and antigenically distinct from other hughes serogroup members. all isolates killed mice and guinea pigs, and 1-2 day old domes ... | 1976 | 9805 |
| salmonella infection in the herring gull (lans argentatus). | | 1976 | 769297 |
| the ornithodoros (alectorobius) capensis group (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae) of the palearctic and oriental regions. o. (a.) maritimus: identity, marine bird hosts, virus infections, and distribution in western europe and northwestern africa. | in 1967, vermeil and marguet described ornithodoros coniceps maritimus from larvae reared from larvae taken from marine birds on dumet island (atlantic ocean), basse bretagne, france. we collected o. (a.) coniceps canestrini, 1890, from the type locality (venice, italy) and determined that the taxons coniceps and maritimus each require full species status. we selected a lectotype and paralectotypes for the taxon maritimus from the original dumet island material. the larva of maritimus is redescr ... | 1976 | 978368 |
| fatty acid and aldehyde composition of major phospholipids in salt gland of marine birds and spiny dogfish. | the lipophilic components of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides obtained from the salt gland of herring gull and eider duck and from the rectal gland of spiny dogfish were investigated by means of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. all phospholipids analyzed were shown to contain small amounts of plasmalogens, and mainly c16, c18, and c18:1 aldehyde was detected. the fatty acids were composed of saturated, unsaturate ... | 1975 | 1128176 |
| an experimental investigation of a direct life-cycle in reighardia sternae (diesing, 1864), a pentastomid parasite of the herring gull (larus argentatus). | a direct life-cycle in reighardia sternae, a cephalobaenid pentastomid of gulls was investigated: the work was prompted by a report of eggs and larvae recovered from the stomach and intestine of a naturally infected gull. infective pentastomid eggs were obtained by surgically transplanting maturing female reighardia, taken from freshly shot wild gulls, into captive recipients. faecal material from birds thus artificially infected was collected daily and examined for eggs. eggs were force fed to ... | 1975 | 1202414 |
| [the life cycle of maritrema misenensis (a. palombi, 1940), n. comb. (trematoda: microphallidae, travassos, 1920) from french mediterranean coast (author's transl)]. | the life cycle of maritrema misenensis (a. palombi, 1940) n. comb. is described with illustrations. the sporocysts parasite the digestive gland of the prosobranch snail cerithium mediterraneum. the cercariae are the same as cercaria misenensis, a. palombi, 1940 described from italian coast. the adults have been obtained by artificial infestations of larus argentatus michaellis. their morphological features are same as those of the caribbean species maritrema patulus w.h. coil, 1955. when the lif ... | 1976 | 984671 |
| heavy metal and metallothionein concentrations in atlantic canadian seabirds. | seabird tissues, collected during the 1988 breeding season from colonies on the atlantic coast of canada, were analyzed for toxic metals--cd, hg and pb--and 18 other trace elements. metallothionein (mt) was measured in kidney, and kidneys and livers underwent histopathological examination. levels of most essential trace elements appear to be closely regulated in seabird tissues; values were in good agreement with those previously reported in the published literature. liver-se concentrations in l ... | 1992 | 1554255 |
| stereoscan studies of cercariae, metacercariae, and adults of cryptocotyle lingua (creplin 1825) fischoeder 1903 (trematoda: heterophyidae). | the cercaria of cryptocotyle lingua has simple pointed spines all over the body. four pointed modified spines occur dorsally in the mouth, and similar spines surround the openings of the penetration glands. the modified spines are shed shortly after penetration and encystment in the fish host. less than a week after encystment, cytoplasmic folds develop all over the tegument. after about 4 weeks the cytoplasmic folds have disappeared and the spines are now flattened and serrated. the external su ... | 1977 | 915613 |
| [the occurrence of campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. in gulls in northern germany]. | out of a total of 207 gulls--20 black headed gulls, 185 herring gulls and 2 common gulls--128 (62%) and 23 (11%) birds, respectively, were infected with campylobacter spp. (c.) and salmonella spp. c. jejuni was predominant in gulls less than two years old (89%) and c. coli in older birds (75%). furthermore, the infection rate with campylobacters was depending on the habitats of the birds. the rate for c. jejuni and c. coli, respectively, was in gulls from regional garbage dumps 78% and 4%, from ... | 1991 | 2065612 |
| geographical distribution of contaminants and productivity measures of herring gulls in the great lakes: lake erie and connecting channels 1978/79. | the distribution and size of colonies, residue levels of dde, ddt, hcb, dieldrin, mirex and pcbs in eggs, productivity and eggshell thickness were determined for herring gulls at 14 sites in lake erie and connecting channels. the centre of distribution for breeding herring gulls was the western basin where approximately 90% of the 6200 nests in the study area were located. seven of 22 colonies showed an average annual population increase of 48.3%. most of the increase in breeding herring gulls o ... | 1990 | 2108495 |
| the laboratory maintenance of diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 1824). | a protocol for the routine laboratory maintenance of the life-cycle of diphyllobothrium dendriticum, using herring gulls (larus argentatus), cyclops abyssorum and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss ( = salmo gairdneri) as the definitive, first and second intermediate hosts respectively, is described. | 1990 | 2235071 |
| [circulation of the influenza a virus of h13 serosubtype among seagulls in the northern caspian (1979-1985)]. | the results of seven-year ecologo-virological studies (1979-1985) of laridae colonies on the island zhemchuzhnyi, northern kaspian sea, showed annual isolation of influenza a viruses. altogether, 95 hemagglutinating agent have been isolated. strains with 4 different combinations of surface antigens were identified: h5n2, h13n2, h13n3, h13n6. the possibility of transovarial transmission is confirmed by the fact of isolation of an influenza virus strain a/black-headed herring gull/astrakhan/458/85 ... | 1989 | 2531497 |
| the transmission of s livingstone to cattle by the herring gull (larus argentatus). | | 1977 | 878252 |
| [cestode egg production dynamics and fertility in diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda, pseudophyllidea)]. | dynamics of egg production of the tapeworm diphyllobothrium dendriticum has been estimated experimentally in nestlings of the herring gull larus argentatus per day and per reproductive period. the number of eggs in strobiles has been estimated for the maturation period. mean egg production of the tapeworm per day (10.43 +/- 2.72 mln) is two orders of magnitude as high as the maximum number of eggs in a mature strobile (0.206 +/- 0.007). it is proposed to estimate coefficient of reproduction inte ... | 1989 | 2748199 |
| [the occurrence and characterization of campylobacter spp. in silver gulls (larus argentatus), three-toed gulls (rissa tridactyla) and house sparrows (passer domesticus)]. | altogether 16 campylobacter (c.) isolates could be recovered from 65 herring gulls: 5 x c. laridis, 2 x c. jejuni biovar 1, 4 x c. jejuni biovar 2 and 5 x c. coli. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 15 out of 51 samples from kittiwakes: 2 x c. jejuni biovar 1 and 13 x c. laridis. all c. coli isolates grew on agar containing 1.5% nacl. two campylobacter isolates from 50 house sparrows differed from all other isolates by a distinct beta-hemolysis and other phenotypic characteristics and could n ... | 1989 | 2750361 |
| some observations on egg production and autoreinfection of reighardia sternae (diesing, 1864), a pentastomid parasite of the herring gull. | egg production by reighardia sternae, implanted at various stages of maturity into the interclavicular air sacs of captive gulls, is described. females produce only 2900 eggs per lifetime over a short patent period of 1-3 days. the problem of a direct life-cycle in relation to this unusually low fecundity is discussed, and speculation is advanced concerning a possible parasitic behavioural trait which could facilitate direct transmission. the hazards of the latter are also offset by auto-reinfec ... | 1976 | 1256912 |
| occurrence of campylobacter spp. in young gulls, duration of campylobacter infection and reinfection by contact. | two groups of three week old herring gulls (larus argentatus) were held to observe the carrier state with campylobacter. all 27 birds of group i excreted campylobacter jejuni biotype iii when they were caught from their colony. four weeks later all but one were negative, indicating that the carrier state lasts until about the seventh week of life, with self-elimination if infection with another campylobacter species is prevented by housing in a closed environment as in this study. only one bird ... | 1992 | 1621473 |
| erve virus, a probable member of bunyaviridae family isolated from shrews (crocidura russula) in france. | an apparently new agent, provisionally named erve virus, was isolated in 1982 from tissues of three white toothed shrews, crocidura russula, trapped near saulges village in western france. results of virological and ultrastructural studies suggest that this virus belongs to the bunyaviridae family and is a bunyavirus-like agent. serosurveys indicate that erve virus had apparently a large geographical distribution in france and infects rodents, insectivores, wild boars (sus scrofa), red deer (cer ... | 1989 | 2570514 |
| the isolation of meaban virus, a new flavivirus from the seabird tick ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus in france. | seven strains of a new flavivirus, for which the name of meaban virus is proposed, were isolated from the seabird tick ornithodoros (a.) maritimus collected during 1981 and 1982 in nests of herring gulls (larus argentatus) on islands of south brittany, france. the new virus was compared serologically with 65 other flaviviruses including tyuleniy virus and was found to be most closely related to, but different from saumarez reef virus, an agent previously isolated in australia and tasmania. some ... | 1985 | 2982352 |
| sensitivity of embryos from duck, goose, herring gull, and various chicken breeds to 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. | yolks in embryonated eggs from duck, goose, herring gull, and various breeds of chicken were injected with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb). hens' eggs were injected after 4 days of incubation and eggs from the other species were injected after 5 days of incubation. all breeds of chicken tested were very sensitive to tcb. at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg egg the death rate in chick embryos ranged from 70 to 100% at the end of the experiment by day 18 of incubation. liver lesions, hydropericardiu ... | 1988 | 3131755 |
| dynamics of egg production of the cestode diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 1824) (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) and the concept of fecundity in helminths. | the dynamics of egg production of the tapeworm d. dendriticum has been estimated experimentally in nestlings of the herring gull larus argentatus per day and per reproductive period. numbers of eggs in strobilae have been estimated for the maturation period. mean egg production, of one tapeworm per day (10.42 +/- 2.72 mln) is two orders of magnitude as high as the maximal number of eggs in a mature strobila (0.206 +/- 0.007). it is proposed to estimate the coefficient of reproduction intensity a ... | 1989 | 2767550 |
| blood chemistry changes in food-deprived herring gulls. | blood chemistry changes caused by food-stress was measured in fledgling herring gulls (larus argentatus). increases of corticosterone, t3, free fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol and alpha-amino n-butyric acid were observed. significant decreases were found in the concentrations of 14 of the 26 free amino acids studied. | 1985 | 2863080 |
| [the "diseased" or "dead" guillemots (uria aalge), three-toed gulls (rissa tridactyla), silver gulls (larus argentatus) and laughing gulls (larus ridibundus) found in the area of the german bay, 1982-1985]. | between 1982 and 1985 the cadavers of 50 guillemots (uria aalge), 41 kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), 26 herring gulls (larus argentatus) and 34 black-headed gulls (larus ridibundus) were examined pathological, bacteriological and virological. the probable cause of death was established. parasitosis were particularly prevalent in herring gulls (49%), where the main infection--as in black-headed gulls--was with cestoides. in kittiwakes and guillemots mainly spiruroideae were recorded. the commonest ... | 1989 | 2752934 |
| long-term preservation of egg and tissue homogenates for determination of organochlorine compounds: freezing versus freeze-drying. | storage of wet egg homogenates at temperatures from -18 degrees to -28 degrees c was more suitable for long-term preservation than freeze-drying. changes in residue levels of heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene,p,p'-dde, mirex, and pcbs were not significant over a 3-year period in fresh herring gull egg homogenates stored at -18 degrees to -28 degrees c. compounds with gas chromatographic retention times shorter than hexachlorobenzene vaporized during freeze-drying at a ... | 1985 | 3980402 |
| the lipid composition and na+-k+-dependent adenosine-triphosphatase activity of the salt (nasal) gland of eider duck and herring gull. a role for sulphatides in sodium-ion transport. | | 1974 | 4277708 |
| an ultrastructural study of the body wall muscles of the pentastomid reighardia sternae dies. 1864 parasitic on the herring gull larus argentatus pontopp. | | 1972 | 4340208 |
| galactosomum timondavidi sp. n. (trematoda: heterophyidae) from larus argentatus, with a note on the metacercaria. | | 1971 | 5157158 |
| electrolyte excretion in seawater-loaded herring gulls. | | 1970 | 5448087 |
| residues of dde and pcb in eggs from herrring gull (larus argentatus) and common gull (larus canus) in norway. | | 1971 | 5003194 |
| [evolutive cycle of galactosomum timondavidi pearson and prevot 1971 trematoda: heterophyidae, parasite of the yellow legged goeland larus argentatus]. | | 1973 | 4787705 |
| adenovirus-like agent in the bursa of fabricius of herring gulls (larus argentatus pontoppidan) from newfoundland, canada. | | 1984 | 6092730 |
| avian wildlife reservoir of campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. in norway. | cloacal swabs from 540 wild-living birds were cultured for campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, yersinia spp., and salmonella spp. the carrier rates detected were as follows: c. fetus subsp. jejuni, 28.4%; yersinia spp., 1.2%; and salmonella spp., 0.8%. all birds were apparently healthy when captured. c. fetus subsp. jejuni was isolated from 11 of the 40 bird species examined. among birds inhabiting the city of oslo, the highest isolation rate was found in crows (corvus corone cornix) (89.8%), fol ... | 1983 | 6338824 |
| mutagenicity studies on herring gulls from different locations on the great lakes. ii. mutagenic evaluation of extracts of herring-gull eggs in a battery of in vitro mammalian and microbial tests. | herring-gull (larus argentatus) eggs were collected from five locations on the great lakes and from one colony on the atlantic coast for organochlorine analysis and mutagenesis testing. the great lakes colonies were chosen for their different contaminant levels, while the atlantic coast colony was used as a relatively clean control. the eggs were homogenized and extracted, and the extracts were tested in the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay for induction of point mutations and in chinese ham ... | 1983 | 6361273 |
| some observations on the circulation of influenzaviruses in domestic and wild birds. | four viruses isolated from poultry in the ussr and poland were identified as influenza a strains. one strain was closely related to fowl plague virus, the second showed an antigenic relationship to a/chicken/scotland/59 (hav5n1), and two others were antigenically related to a/duck/ukraine/1/63 (hav7neq2) and a/duck/england/56 (hav3nav1). antibodies to different strains of influenzavirus were detected in sera collected from poultry and from wild birds in the northern area of the ussr. more of the ... | 1972 | 4541001 |
| aspergillosis in captive herring gulls. | | 1969 | 5817783 |
| the effect of salt loading on the pituitary prolactin levels of the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos) and juvenile herring or lesser black-backed gulls (larus argentatus or larus fuscus). | | 1970 | 5471858 |
| the herring gull larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle. | this paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. the breeding area in scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in n.e. england is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. this pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of ... | 1983 | 6663059 |
| antigenic and genetic characterization of a novel hemagglutinin subtype of influenza a viruses from gulls. | influenza a virus isolates from ring-billed, franklin, blackback, and herring gulls in the united states possess a hemagglutinin (ha) distinct from the 12 reference ha subtypes. serological assays (hemagglutination inhibition and double-immunodiffusion) with specific antisera to reference strains and to a representative gull isolate showed that the ha of the gull virus was not antigenically related to that of any known subtype. the gull virus did not replicate in ducks or chickens but did replic ... | 1982 | 7097861 |
| the herring gull larus argentatus as a carrier of salmonella. | the proportion of salmonella carriers among town-nesting herring gulls increased significantly from 2.1% in 1975-6 to 8.4% in 1979. the range of serotypes carried by herring gulls was similar to that causing infection in man, and it is likely that the gulls ingest these serotypes when feeding at untreated sewage outfalls on the coast. this is supported by the proportion of salmonella carriers being higher among first-year birds (9.7%) than among older birds (2.0%), as it is known that higher pro ... | 1983 | 6663058 |
| [1st observations of the pathogenicity of ichthyophonus in birds. 2 cases of natural infection]. | two cases of ichthyophoniasis (ichthyosporidiosis) are reported for the first time in fish-eating birds, heron and herring gull. the lesions were mainly in the heart, liver, spleen and kidney. the fungus was isolated from them, cultivated and found identical to a strain previously obtained from a sea-fish. it was able to grow at 40 degrees c. attention is drawn on the potential hazard for human health resulting from the ingestion of raw fish. | 1984 | 6541443 |
| [gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. (syn. parvatrema sp. 1, j. rebecq, 1964) (digenea: gymnophallidae), an intestinal parasite of ducks from camargue (france)]. | gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. replace parvatrema sp. 1 j. rebecq, 1964. metacercariae are described. they occur free in the extrapallial space of cerastoderma glaucum and abra ovata, at the central part of the valves. pallial epithelium hypertrophy is induced by metacercariae and damages are produced at the inner face of the shell of abra ovata. adults have been reared in laboratory hosts (aythya ferina, a. fuligula, anas platyrhynchos, tadorna tadorna and larus argentatus michaellis). natural ad ... | 1983 | 6614742 |
| investigation of the life cycle and adult morphology of the avian blood fluke austrobilharzia variglandis (trematoda: schistosomatidae) from connecticut. | this study was undertaken to expand the current knowledge of the life cycle and adult morphology of the avian schistosome austrobilharzia variglandis, which causes a marine cercarial dermatitis in new england. the specific objectives were to: (1) investigate the seasonality of the infection in the molluscan intermediate host, ilyanassa obsoleta; (2) determine which bird species are acting as natural definitive hosts for the parasite; and (3) characterize the morphology of the parasite using scan ... | 1995 | 7623201 |
| herring gull eggs as bioindicators for chlorinated hydrocarbons (contribution to the german federal environmental specimen bank). | from its position in the marine food chain, the herring gull (larus argentatus) is a suitable indicator for the level of contamination of its habitats with lipophilic chemicals, especially the chlorinated hydrocarbons. the gull's utility as an indicator is demonstrated by investigations performed at trischen island in the elbe estuary and alte mellum island situated in the weser estuary, when judged by their ability to reflect variations in pollution levels. the use of the analysis technique dev ... | 1993 | 8272843 |
| low degree of isozyme variation within and between herring gull (larus argentatus), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus) and their british and swedish subspecies. | | 1981 | 7298349 |
| lead and behavioral development in young herring gulls: effects of timing of exposure on individual recognition. | lead exposure early in life affects behavioral, physiological, and intellectual development in humans and other animals. recognition of parents or other caregivers and eventual bonding are essential aspects of behavioral development. in this paper young herring gulls, larus argentatus, were used to examine the effect of timing of lead exposure on individual recognition behavior and development. each of 60 1-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly assigned to a control group or to one of three t ... | 1993 | 8405781 |
| fluoride exposure and selected characteristics of eggs and bones of the herring gull (larus argentatus) and the common gull (larus canus). | fluorine concentrations were determined in the shell of 285 herring gull eggs (larus argentatus) and 120 common gull eggs (larus canus), collected may 1991 to 1993, from breeding colonies exposed to emissions from two norwegian primary aluminum smelters located at karmøy and sunndal, and from unexposed reference localities in eigersund, sola, and stavanger. volume-index, shell thickness, thickness-index, and fertilization of the eggs also were monitored. in both species, the shell fluorine conce ... | 1996 | 8722255 |
| organochlorine-associated immunosuppression in prefledgling caspian terns and herring gulls from the great lakes: an ecoepidemiological study. | the objectives of study were to determine whether contaminant-associated immunosuppression occurs in prefledgling herring gulls and caspian terns from the great lakes and to evaluate immunological biomarkers for monitoring health effects in wild birds. during 1992 to 1994, immunological responses and related variables were measured in prefledgling chicks at colonies distributed across a broad gradient of organochlorine contamination (primarily polychlorinated biphenyls), which was measured in eg ... | 1996 | 8880006 |
| differences in mercury contamination and elimination during feather development in gull and tern broods. | eggs, feathers (down, body feathers from side/shoulder and back) and some dead chicks (liver) from broods of three species, herring full (larus argentatus), black-headed gull (larus ridibundus), and common tern (sterna hirundo) from the german north sea coast were collected to study intersibling differences in mercury contamination and elimination into the growing feathers. the mercury contamination in eggs, feathers, and liver of the terns was about four times that of the gulls; black-headed gu ... | 1994 | 8060159 |
| cytochrome p450 and its interactions with the heme biosynthetic pathway. | an important factor in disruption of hepatic heme biosynthesis by porphyrinogenic drugs appears to be interaction with one or several cytochrome p450 isozymes. clarification of the nature of the interaction between porphyrinogenic drugs and cytochrome p450 isozymes, as well as identification of the isozymes involved, will be helpful in extrapolating the results of animal experimentation to humans. administration of griseofulvin to mice results in accumulation in the liver of two n-alkylated prot ... | 1996 | 8963944 |
| aquatic pollution-induced immunotoxicity in wildlife species. | the potential for chemicals to adversely affect human immunologic health has traditionally been evaluated in rodents, under laboratory conditions. these laboratory studies have generated valuable hazard identification and immunotoxicologic mechanism data; however, genetically diverse populations exposed in the wild may better reflect both human exposure conditions and may provide insight into potential immunotoxic effects in humans. in addition, comparative studies of species occupying reference ... | 1997 | 9193919 |
| isolation and structural characterisation of herring gull (larus argentatus) pancreatic polypeptide. | pancreatic polypeptide (pp) has been isolated from pancreatic extracts of the herring gull (larus argentatus) using a radioimmunoassay employing an antiserum (pp 221), generated to the conserved c-terminal hexapeptide amide of mammalian pp. gel permeation and reverse-phase hplc fractionation of crude pancreatic extracts resolved a single molecular form of gull pp in each case. purification of gull pp to homogeneity indicated that the mammalian pp antiserum employed was only 4% cross-reactive wit ... | 1994 | 8174930 |
| effects of trematode parasitism on the behaviour and ecology of a common marine snail (littorina littorea (l.)). | cryptocotyle lingua (creplin) is a digenean trematode parasite of the littoral prosobranch gastropod littorina littorea (l.). the literature suggests the snails become infected by grazing guano of the final host, the herring gull, larus argentatus pontoppidan. the parasite emerges from the snail as free-swimming cercariae. interactions between the snail and the parasite at cellular and life-history levels are well established, but little is known of the influences the interaction has on the beha ... | 2001 | 11358576 |
| catalytic and immunochemical properties of hepatic cytochrome p450 1a in three avian species treated with beta-naphthoflavone or isosafrole. | induction of cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) can be used as a biomarker of exposure to planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (phahs). our objective was to characterize the induction of cyp1a activity and protein in three avian species following in vivo treatment with beta-naphthoflavone (bnf) and/or isosafrole. alkoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase (alk-rod) activities of hepatic microsomes from herring gulls (larus argentatus) (hgs), double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) (dccs) and chickens (g ... | 2001 | 11544144 |
| a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction bioassay for avian vitellogenin mrna. | a bioassay based on the measurement of vitellogenin (vtg) mrna in avian embryo hepatocyte cultures by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed. to allow sequence comparison and design of suitable pcr primers, a short region of vtg cdna was cloned and sequenced for seven species of birds. cell cultures were prepared from both chicken and herring gull embryos and treated with the estradiol analogue moxestrol or the organochlorine insecticide o,p'-ddt. ... | 2001 | 11714249 |
| wildlife as sentinels of human health effects in the great lakes--st. lawrence basin. | there is no existing formal, long-term program for gathering evidence of the incidence and severity of the health effects of toxic substances in wildlife. however, research-based studies of bald eagles, herring gulls, night herons, tree swallows, snapping turtles, mink, and beluga over the past 30 years have revealed a broad spectrum of health effects in the great lakes-st. lawrence basin including thyroid and other endocrine disorders, metabolic diseases, altered immune function, reproductive i ... | 2001 | 11744503 |
| cytochrome p4501a induction in avian hepatocyte cultures: a promising approach for predicting the sensitivity of avian species to toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. | concentration-dependent effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) on cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) induction in primary hepatocyte cultures prepared from embryos of chickens (four breeds), pheasants, turkeys, ducks (three breeds), and herring gulls were determined. cyp1a activity was estimated by measuring ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity and the concentration of immunodetectable cyp1a was estimated using mouse monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 that was prepared against scup (stenotom ... | 1996 | 8917694 |
| occurrence of oocysts of cryptosporidium sp. in larus spp. gulls. | between november 1990 and february 1991 101 gull faecal samples, collected in central scotland, and 50 cloacal lavages, from gulls captured at two refuse tips near durham, england were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium sp. oocysts. five of 101 (c 5%) of faecal samples and 11 of 50 (22%) of cloacal lavages contained oocysts, of which 64% and 83%, respectively were considered viable when examined with propidium iodide and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. since there is insufficient eviden ... | 1993 | 8432317 |
| influence of trophic position on organochlorine concentrations and compositional patterns in a marine food web. | the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), ddts (p,p'-ddt [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], o,p'-ddt [1,1,1-trichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], p,p'-ddd [1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], o.p'-ddd [1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane], and p,p'-dde [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene]), chlordanes (trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor and oxychlordane), hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha-, ... | 2002 | 12389914 |
| effects of pcb 126 on thymocyte surface marker expression and immune organ development in chicken embryos. | previous studies have shown that chicken (gallus domesticus) embryos are sensitive to the immunotoxic effects of ah receptor agonists. these chemicals cause atrophy of the thymus gland and bursa of fabricius, the sites of t- and b-lymphocyte maturation, respectively. the objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effects of 3,3,4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) on thymocyte phenotypes (cd4-cd8-, cd4+cd8+, cd4+cd8-, cd4-cd8+, tcralphabeta+, and tcrgammadelta) in chicken embryos, and (2) ... | 2001 | 11212945 |
| hepatic erod activity is not a useful biomarker of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in the adult herring gull (larus argentatus). | liver concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and chicken embryo hepatocyte (ceh) bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (tcdd-eqs) were measured in livers of adult herring gulls (larus argentatus) collected from several locations on the great lakes and two reference sites. total pcb concentrations (sum of 42 congeners) and tcdd-eq concentrations were compared with hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, methoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (mrod) acti ... | 2003 | 12739864 |
| biomagnification factors (fish to osprey eggs from willamette river, oregon, u.s.a.) for pcdds, pcdfs, pcbs and oc pesticides. | a migratory population of 78 pairs of osprey (pandion haliaetus) nesting along the willamette river in western oregon was studied in 1993. the study was designed to determine contaminant concentrations in eggs, contaminant concentrations in fish species predominant in the ospreys diet, and biomagnification factors (bmfs) of contaminants from fish species eaten to osprey eggs. ten osprey eggs and 25 composite samples of fish (3 species) were used to evaluate organochlorine (oc) pesticides, polych ... | 2003 | 12807265 |
| extinction risk to bird populations caused by ddt exposure. | the impact of toxic chemicals on wild animals and plants can be quantified in terms of the enhanced risk of population extinction. to illustrate a method for doing this, we estimated such impact for two bird species: herring gull (larus argentatus) in long island, ny, and sparrowhawk (accipiter nisus) in eastern england, when they were exposed to ddt (p,p(')-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its metabolites (called ddts). the method we used is based on a formula of the mean time to population ... | 2003 | 12946395 |
| herring gulls and great black-backed gulls as indicators of contaminants in bald eagles in lake ontario, canada. | in 2000, a pair of bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) nested successfully along the shorelines of lake ontario in north america for the first time since 1957. however, it is a continuing question whether bald eagles will be able to reproduce successfully as they return to nest on lake ontario. great black-backed gulls (larus marinus) and herring gulls (l. argentatus) were selected as surrogate species to predict contaminant levels in eggs of bald eagles nesting on lake ontario. because of th ... | 2002 | 12013123 |
| the surface pattern of the nasal mucosa and its relation to mucous flow--a study of chicken and herring gull nasal mucosae. | | 1961 | 13864638 |
| sequences in the maturation of the genitalia in tetrabothrius erostris (loennberg, 1889) from the intestine of larus argentatus argentatus pontoppidan. | | 1964 | 14204120 |
| determination of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of environmental contaminants in chicken embryo hepatocyte cultures by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. | a method was developed to measure the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of various chemicals and organochlorine extracts in chicken embryo primary hepatocyte cultures. messenger rnas (mrnas) for the estrogen-inducible egg yolk proteins, vitellogenin ii (vtgii), and very low-density lipoprotein apoprotein ii (apoii), were measured by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr). after 48 h of exposure, both vtgii and apoii mrna levels were induced by moxestro ... | 2003 | 14551996 |
| air pollution induces heritable dna mutations. | hundreds of thousands of people worldwide live or work in close proximity to steel mills. integrated steel production generates chemical pollution containing compounds that can induce genetic damage (1, 2). previous investigations of herring gulls in the great lakes demonstrated elevated dna mutation rates near steel mills (3, 4) but could not determine the importance of airborne or aquatic routes of contaminant exposure, or eliminate possible confounding factors such as nutritional status and d ... | 2002 | 12473746 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment and in people: a meta-analysis of concentrations. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are used as flame retardants in many types of consumer products. perhaps as a result of their widespread use and their lipophilicity, these compounds have become ubiquitous in the environment and in people. this review summarizes pbde concentrations measured in several environmental media and analyzes these data in terms of relative concentrations, concentration trends, and congener profiles. in human blood, milk, and tissues, total pbde levels have increas ... | 2004 | 14998004 |
| detour behaviour in three species of birds: quails (coturnix sp.), herring gulls (larus cachinnans) and canaries (serinus canaria). | detour behaviour is the ability of an animal to reach a goal stimulus by moving round any interposed obstacle. it has been widely studied and has been proposed as a test of insight learning in several species of mammals, but few data are available in birds. a comparative study in three species of birds, belonging to different eco-ethological niches, allows a better understanding of the cognitive mechanism of such detour behaviour. young quails (coturnix sp.), herring gulls (larus cachinnans) and ... | 2005 | 15449104 |
| isolation, cryopreservation, and mitogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens (gallus domesticus) and wild herring gulls (larus argentatus). | monitoring the toxicity of environmental contaminants on the physiologic function of wild birds often includes measures of immune function. the purpose of this study was to apply methods of isolation, cryopreservation, and cell culture of chicken lymphocytes to blood samples from herring gulls, which are a sentinel species for biomonitoring studies in the great lakes and northern north america. slow-spin centrifugation and density gradient isolation of lymphocytes were compared using chicken blo ... | 2005 | 15719198 |
| gull eggs--food of high organic pollutant content? | a wide range and occasionally high levels of persistent organic pollutants (pops) are reported in arctic regions, especially among top predators. polar bears (ursus maritimus), arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) and some gull species (larus spp.) often have high levels of these fat-soluble pollutants. gulls deposit significant levels of these contaminants in their eggs. in northern regions, gull eggs are part of the traditional human diet. in the present study we have investigated the levels of pops ... | 2005 | 15931427 |
| spatial patterns and rankings of contaminant concentrations in herring gull eggs from 15 sites in the great lakes and connecting channels, 1998-2002. | mean values of eight contaminants in herring gull (larus argentatus) eggs were calculated for 15 great lakes sites for the 5 year period 1998-2002. the sites were ranked according to the concentrations of each of seven compounds relative to fish flesh criteria for the protection of piscivorous wildlife, and a single overall rank of contamination was calculated for each site. based on this weighted ranking scheme, we found that sum pcbs, dioxin and dde contributed the most (60.2, 30.5% and 8.5%, ... | 2006 | 16491432 |
| changes in the growth, but not the survival, of american kestrels (falco sparverius) exposed to environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ethers. | polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbdes) concentrations are increasing exponentially in biota. we studied the growth of american kestrel (falco sparverius) nestlings exposed in ovo and during development to environmentally relevant pbde congeners and concentrations. eggs within each clutch, divided between groups by laying sequence, were injected into the air cell at 19 days of incubation with safflower oil or penta-bde congeners bde-47, -99, -100, and -153 dissolved in safflower oil (18.7 microg t ... | 2006 | 16854784 |
| 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl oxidation in fish, bird and reptile species: relationship to cytochrome p450 1a inactivation and reactive oxygen production. | previously we showed that the polychlorinated biphenyl 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb) caused a release of reactive oxygen species (ros) from cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) of the fish scup (stenotomus chrysops), and from rat and human cyp1a1. this was linked to a tcb- and nadph-dependent oxidative inactivation of the enzyme, which in scup and rat was inversely related to the rates of tcb oxidation. we examined the relationship between rates of tcb oxidation, cyp1a inactivation and ros productio ... | 2000 | 11790349 |
| ecological tracers can quantify food web structure and change. | disruption of natural food webs is becoming a commonplace occurrence as a result of human activities. considering this, there is a need to improve our ability to define food web structure as well as to detect and understand the implications of trophodynamic change. this requires the development, validation, and application of ecologicaltracers that can provide insights into the movement of energy, nutrients, and contaminants through food webs. in this study, we examine the utility of two groups ... | 2006 | 17007117 |
| the chicken host peptides, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9 have antimicrobial activity against salmonella serovars. | the gallinacin genes clustered on chromosome 3 of the chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) genome encode a group of cationic antimicrobial peptides characteristic of the beta-defensins. in this study, gallinacins 4, 7, and 9, all predicted to contain the conserved pattern of cysteines typical of beta-defensins but differing in their charge and hydrophobicity, were characterised for their in vivo gene expression patterns and in vitro antimicrobial activities against salmonella serovars. reverse-tra ... | 2007 | 17346671 |
| molecular characterization of novel circoviruses from finch and gull. | the purpose of this study was to molecularly characterize circoviruses that infect finches and gulls. circovirus-specific dnas were isolated using polymerase chain reaction methods from bursa of fabricius tissues from a gouldian finch (chloebia gouldiae) and a herring gull (larus argentatus) that were known to be circovirus-infected. nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of cloned genomic dnas showed that these circoviruses represented novel members of the genus circovirus of the family ... | 2007 | 17364513 |
| differential expression, induction, and stability of cyp1a4 and cyp1a5 mrna in chicken and herring gull embryo hepatocytes. | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) induces cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) catalyzed ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in chickens and other avian species. to investigate mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of erod activity as a biomarker for exposure to dioxin-like compounds in avian models, we characterized inter-species differences in isoform-specific cyp1a mrna expression, induction, and stability in chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and herring gulls (larus argentatus). e ... | 2007 | 17400515 |
| current-use flame retardants in the eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus) from the laurentian great lakes. | of the 13, current-use, non-polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardants (frs) monitored, hexabromobenzene (hbb), pentabromoethylbenzene (pbeb), pentabromotoluene (pbt), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (btbpe) and alpha- and gamma-isomers of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd), and the syn- and anti-isomers of the chlorinated dechlorane plus (dp) were quantified in egg pools of herring gulls (larus argentatus) collected in 2004 from six sites in all five of the laurentian great lakes of ... | 2007 | 17695897 |
| an outbreak of type c botulism in herring gulls (larus argentatus) in southeastern sweden. | from 2000 to 2004, over 10,000 seabirds, primarily herring gulls (larus argentatus), died from an undetermined cause in the blekinge archipelago in southeastern sweden. in june 2004, 24 affected herring gulls were examined clinically, killed humanely, and 23 were examined by necropsy. seven and 10 unaffected herring gulls collected from a local landfill site and from iceland, respectively, served as controls. all affected birds showed similar neurologic signs, ranging from mild incoordination an ... | 2007 | 17699071 |
| [hematological and immunological properties of herring gull (larus argentatus) nestlings experimentally infected with diphyllobothrium dendriticum (cestoda: pseudophyllidae)]. | the morphological structure of the blood in herring gull nestlings and their immune system response to experimental infection with tapeworm diphyllobothrium dendriticum have been studied. the leukocyte reaction pattern and the dynamics of immunoglobulin synthesis and populations of immunocompetent cells in the blood of nestlings during early invasion indicated a short duration of the cellular immune response and an insignificant humoral immune response. a pronounced trend to decrease in the hemo ... | 2007 | 17966904 |
| trends of perfluorinated alkyl substances in herring gull eggs from two coastal colonies in northern norway: 1983-2003. | the present study reports on concentrations, patterns, and temporal trends (1983, 1993, and 2003) of 16 perfluorinated alkyl substances (pfas) in whole eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus) from two geographically isolated colonies in northern norway. perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) was the predominant pfas in all eggs with mean concentrations up to 42 ng/g wet weight (ww) in samples from 2003. perfluorohexane sulfonate (pfhxs) and perfluorodecane sulfonate (pfdcs) were found at concentratio ... | 2007 | 17969679 |
| organochlorine concentrations in diseased vs. healthy gull chicks from the northern baltic. | the population decline of the nominate lesser black-backed gull larus fuscus fuscus in the gulf of finland (northern baltic) is caused by an exceedingly high chick mortality due to diseases. the chick diseases include degeneration in various internal organs (primarily liver), inflammations (mainly intestinal), and sepsis, the final cause of death. the hypothesis of starvation causing intestinal inflammations (leading to sepsis) was tested by attempting to reproduce lesions in apparently healthy ... | 2004 | 14638302 |
| availability of in vitro vitellogenin assay for screening of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of environmental chemicals. | vitellogenin (vtg) protein, vtg mrna, other egg yolk proteins, vitelline envelope proteins and their mrnas are produced in the liver of oviparous species by stimulation of endogenous estrogen and exogenous estrogenic chemicals. the vtg assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been widely used for many fish species to screen estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities of chemicals and sewage effluents using immature fish and/or male fish. in order to reduce the number of fish fo ... | 2006 | 16883298 |
| levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury (hg) in seabird eggs from northern norway. | the main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) in northern norway. eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. egg concentrations of pops (pcb congeners iupac numbers: cb-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, ... | 2008 | 18262696 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener concentrations in seabirds found dead in mortality incidents around the british coast. | livers from 121 birds killed in mortality incidents in u.k. coastal waters between 1991 and 1996 were analyzed for 16 pcb congeners (iupac numbers 8, 18, 28, 31, 52, 77, 101, 118, 126, 128, 138, 149, 153, 169, 170, and 180). species analyzed were guillemot (uria aalge), shag (phalacrocorax arisotelis), kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), puffin (fratercula arctica), razorbill (alca torda), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), gannet (sula bassana), and herring gull (larus argentatus). this is the first report ... | 2003 | 12948183 |
| reproduction success of the herring gull larus argentatus in murmansk in 2006. | | 2007 | 18047027 |
| specific features of metabolism in male herring gulls (larus argentatus pontop.) on the murman coast. | | 2007 | 18047016 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae isolated from mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans). | mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans) were investigated as a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of cassette-borne resistance genes located in class 1 integrons. two hundred and fourteen isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were collected from cloacal swabs of 92 chicks captured in a natural reserve in the north east of italy. they showed high percentages of resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. high percentages of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol ... | 2008 | 18476779 |
| influence of a contaminated fish diet on germline expanded-simple-tandem-repeat mutation frequency in mice. | herring gulls (larus argentatus) in polluted areas on the north american great lakes were previously shown to have elevated germline mutation frequencies at minisatellite dna loci. airborne or dietary contaminants likely caused induced mutations, but the importance of each exposure type was unknown. follow-up experiments with lab mice determined that air pollution significantly induced germline mutations; however, an evaluation of mutations induced by the diet of herring gulls has not yet been c ... | 2008 | 18288721 |
| species differences in the sensitivity of avian embryos to methylmercury. | we injected doses of methylmercury into the air cells of eggs of 26 species of birds and examined the dose-response curves of embryo survival. for 23 species we had adequate data to calculate the median lethal concentration (lc(50)). based on the dose-response curves and lc(50)s, we ranked species according to their sensitivity to injected methylmercury. although the previously published embryotoxic threshold of mercury in game farm mallards (anas platyrhynchos) has been used as a default value ... | 2009 | 18421496 |
| [isolation of influenza virus a (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus), dhori virus (orthomyxoviridae, thogotovirus), and newcastle's disease virus (paromyxoviridae, avulavirus) on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island in the north-western area of the caspian sea]. | the paper presents the results of the 2003 and 2006 environmental virological monitoring surveys on the malyi zhemchuzhnyi island where a large breeding colony of sea gull (laridae) is located. in the past several years, expansion of cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo) has enhanced the intensity of populational interactions. the investigators isolated 13 strains of influenza a virus (orthomyxoviridae, influenza a virus) subtype h13n1 (from sea gulls (n = 4), cormorants (n = 9) 1 strain of dhori vir ... | 2008 | 18590134 |
| experimental infections of herring gulls (larus argentatus) with h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses by intranasal inoculation of virus and ingestion of virus-infected chicken meat. | the present study investigated the susceptibility of herring gulls (larus argentatus) exposed to two strains of asian lineage h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus by evenly separating six gulls into two groups and inoculating them intranasally with 10(6) median embryo infectious doses of either a/whooper swan/mongolia/244/05 (h5n1) or a/duck meat/anyang/avl-1/01 (h5n1). two additional gulls were fed 5.0 g meat from a specific pathogen free chicken that died after experimental infe ... | 2008 | 18622855 |
| vitellogenin, a biomarker for environmental estrogenic pollution, of reeves' pond turtles: analysis of similarity for its amino acid sequence and cognate mrna expression after exposure to estrogen. | vitellogenin (vtg), a biomarker for environmental estrogenic pollution, can be detected in the bloodstream of oviparous animals before morphological and functional abnormalities appear due to exposure to environmental estrogens. reports observing vtg in turtles have been limited. we therefore cloned and sequenced a partial cdna of vtg in reeves' pond turtle, chinemys reevesii. the cloned cdna fragment possessed the start codon and 2,229 bp, encoding 743 amino acid residues. a sequence of deduced ... | 2008 | 18388421 |
| [the role of marine amphipods in the life cycles of the cestode genus microsomacanthus at bering sea coast of chukchi peninsula. first results of the investigation]. | investigation of the helminth fauna was carried out in different amphipode species at bering sea coast of chukchi peninsula in july-september 2004. more than 3700 amphipode specimens of the following three species were examined: lagunogammarus setosus dementieva, 1931 (n = 2772 specimens) (gammaridae), eogammarus barbatus tzvetkova, 1965 (n = 471), and spinulogammarus subcarinatus (bate, 1862) (n = 509) (anisogammaridae). numerous metacestodes of four hymenolepidid species from the genus microso ... | 2008 | 18543804 |
| phenotypic characteristics of riemerella anatipestifer and similar micro-organisms from various hosts. | a total of 199 riemerella anatipestifer (ra) and ra-like field strains isolated culturally from birds of 12 different species and from pigs were characterized using classical phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests. the ra reference strain atcc 11845 was included in the study. on the basis of the classical phenotypic characteristics studied and the numerical analysis of the whole-cell fatty acid patterns, the ra reference strain and 123 field isolates were assigned to the indole negative (in) varian ... | 1998 | 18483963 |
| [serological monitoring of arbovirus infections in the estuary of the kuban river (the 2006-2007 data)]. | solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, neutralization test, and the hemagglutination-inhibition test were used to study the sera from human beings (152 samples), agricultural animals (n = 77), hares (n = 3), and wild birds (n = 69), collected in 2006-2007 in the kuban river estuary (temryuk district, krasnodar territory). there were specific antibodies against viruses of west nile (wh), tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) (flaviviridae, flavivirus), sindbis (togaviridae, alphavirus), the antigenic complex of ... | 2008 | 18756814 |
| [bacterial and fungal digestive flora of herring gulls (larus argentatus) in the camargue]. | the bacterial and fungal digestive flora of herring gulls (larus argentatus michahellis) has been studied in camargue, france. of 107 cloacal swab samples, one was found to contain salmonellae. the incidence of escherichia coli and faecal streptococcus was sufficiently high to suggest that greater attention should be paid to the environmental impact of this gull species. | 1983 | 18766771 |
| victims or vectors: a survey of marine vertebrate zoonoses from coastal waters of the northwest atlantic. | surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in marine birds and mammals in the northwest atlantic revealed a diversity of zoonotic agents. we found amplicons to sequences from brucella spp., leptospira spp., giardia spp. and cryptosporidium spp. in both marine mammals and birds. avian influenza was detected in a harp seal and a herring gull. routine aerobic and anaerobic culture showed a broad range of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. of 1460 isolates, 797 were tested for resistance, and 468 w ... | 2008 | 18828560 |
| characterization of escherichia coli populations from gulls, landfill trash, and wastewater using ribotyping. | due to their opportunistic and gregarious nature, gulls may be important reservoirs and vectors for anthropogenically derived fecal pathogens in coastal areas. we used ribotyping, a genotypic bacterial source tracking method, to compare populations of escherichia coli among herring gulls larus argentatus, great black-backed gulls l. marinus, wastewater, and landfill trash in new hampshire and maine, usa. concentrations of e. coli in gull feces varied widely among individuals, but were generally ... | 2008 | 18828562 |