| local reactions to intradermal instillation of mycobacterium w and icrc bacilli in mice. | | 1978 | 750736 |
| histological changes with combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy in highly bacillated lepromatous leprosy. | highly bacillated untreated lepromatous cases with an initial bi 4+ of to 6+ were treated with combined multidrug treatment (mdt) and immunotherapy with heat killed mycobacterium w or bcg. the vaccines were administered intradermally every six months. it was observed that majority of cases on immunotherapy showed increased lymphocytic infiltration (both at local and distant sites) and some cases showed epithelioid cells as well. the lymphocytic infiltration was (slightly) more vigorous in those ... | 1992 | 1293915 |
| histopathological monitoring of an immunotherapeutic trial with mycobacterium w. | immunotherapeutic trials with mycobacterium w (m. w.) on multibacillary patients are in progress at two large hospitals in new delhi. a total of 380 patients so far have been inducted into the trial. the histopathological profile of the initial 87 patients (52 in the vaccine group, 35 in the control group) who have now completed 2 years of treatment are presented in this report. the vaccine group received multidrug therapy (mdt) and eight intradermal injections of m. w. every 3 months; the contr ... | 1992 | 1602191 |
| in vitro characterization of t cells from mycobacterium w-vaccinated mice. | tuberculosis caused by the intracellular bacterial pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis still represents a major health problem, and its effective control would best be accomplished by active vaccination. although vaccination with m. bovis bcg has proven highly effective in certain parts of the world, in several developing countries it has been found to confer only marginal protection. hence, novel vaccination strategies are warranted. mycobacterium w is a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium whi ... | 1992 | 1729188 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay based on sonicate supernatant antigens of mycobacterium w for immunodiagnosis of leprosy. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) based on sonicate supernatant antigens of a cultivable, atypical bacterium, mycobacterium w (m. w), for immunodiagnosis of leprosy is described. m. w was selected after screening of sonicate supernatant antigens of seven cultivable mycobacteria in eia. the results of the assay were compared with that of eia using phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i). the m. w assay was more sensitive than pgl-i based eia, for detection of leprosy patients of all categories, including long te ... | 1988 | 3057081 |
| use of radiolabelling and fluorescent staining methods in the evaluation of viability and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterial cultures. | the utility of radiolabelling and fluorescent staining was investigated for the assessment of viability and drug susceptibility testing of mycobacteria. fast growing mycobacterium w was used as a test organism for optimization of experimental conditions. a fairly good correlation was found between the profiles obtained for radiolabelling with 14c-acetate and fluorescein diacetate-ethidium bromide (fda-eb) staining of heat-killed and live m.w. the reliability of two methods for determining the vi ... | 1988 | 3134768 |
| inhibition of the interaction of mycobacteria with schwann cells by antimycobacterial antibodies. | the effect of antimycobacterial serum on the uptake of mycobacterium w by 33b rat schwannoma cell line and rat peritoneal macrophages was studied. incubation of mycobacterium w with antimycobacterial serum caused a marked inhibition of its uptake by 33b cells but did not diminish its uptake by macrophages. these results suggest that the mechanism of the interaction of mycobacteria with schwann cells differs from that with macrophages. | 1987 | 3546373 |
| lepromin conversion in repeatedly lepromin negative bl/ll patients after immunization with autoclaved mycobacterium w. | thirty-two clinically, histopathologically confirmed cases of bl/ll leprosy were rendered bacteriologically negative by prolonged chemotherapy. all of them were negative to mitsuda and dharmendra lepromin at the start of study. they were immunized with a single intradermal injection of 5 x 10(7) autoclaved mycobacterium w and were retested for lepromin reaction 4-6 weeks later. twenty subjects gave at this time a positive reaction with both dharmendra and mitsuda lepromins. the histology of biop ... | 1983 | 6684642 |
| comment: reversal reaction in multibacillary leprosy patients following mdt with and without immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, mycobacterium w. h. k. kar et al. | | 1994 | 7861929 |
| molecular definition of unique species status of mycobacterium w; a candidate leprosy vaccine strain. | mycobacterium w, a candidate leprosy vaccine strain, is an atypical cultivable mycobacterium. based on its growth and metabolic properties, m. w was listed in runyon group iv, along with other rapid growers such as m. fortuitum, m. smegmatis, m. chelonae and m. vaccae. however, m. w was not fully identical to any one of these. in the present study, a molecular biology approach was used to define the species identity of m. w in a manner that allows reliable comparison to be made with over 30 know ... | 1994 | 8046263 |
| localized lepromatous leprosy and its response to chemo-immunotherapy. | this is an unusual presentation of lepromatous leprosy (ll) in a young boy, 12 years of age. the study forms part of a large scale immunotherapeutic trial with mycobacterium w (m.w) antileprosy vaccine. the trial is being conducted in two major hospitals in new delhi, india. | 1994 | 8112948 |
| transformation of mycobacterial species using hygromycin resistance as selectable marker. | electroporation with shuttle plasmids carrying a kanamycin resistance gene as a selectable marker failed to generate transformants in two mycobacterial species currently being used in human vaccine trials (mycobacterium w and mycobacterium vaccae). in contrast, efficient transformation [10(3)-10(5) transformants (micrograms dna)-1] was obtained using novel vectors with selection based on expression of resistance to hygromycin. the hygromycin resistance vector was also found to be more efficient ... | 1994 | 8162182 |
| on histopathological monitoring of an immunotherapeutic trial with mycobacterium w. | | 1993 | 8326173 |
| combined multidrug and mycobacterium w vaccine therapy in patients with multibacillary leprosy. | immunotherapy with mycobacterium w vaccine was attempted in patients with borderline-borderline, borderline lepromatous (bl), or lepromatous leprosy (ll) to determine whether immunization can hasten recovery and reduce treatment time by invigorating cell-mediated immunity. mycobacterium w, a nonpathogenic, rapidly growing, atypical mycobacterium, shares a number of common b and t cell determinants with mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. patients receiving the vaccine had rapid ... | 1993 | 8421173 |
| slide agglutination test for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. | evaluation of a 2 min slide agglutination test to detect the presence of antibodies directed against mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. | 1996 | 8762851 |
| restoration of proliferative response to m. leprae antigens in lepromatous t cells against candidate antileprosy vaccines. | several studies conducted in the last decade suggest that mycobacterium lepraereactive t cells exist in lepromatous patients, but their number may be too few to yield a detectable response in cell-mediated immunity (cmi) assays. immunizations with candidate antileprosy vaccines and stimulation of t cells with m. leprae + interleukin-2 restore the m. leprae-induced cmi response in lepromatous leprosy patients. these immunizations and stimulation may enrich the pre-existing m. leprae-responsive t ... | 1996 | 8862259 |
| sensitization and reactogenicity of two doses of candidate antileprosy vaccine mycobacterium w. | m.w vaccine is one of the antileprosy vaccines under test in an ongoing comparative vaccine trial in south india. the objective of the present study was to examine the sensitizing ability, as measured by skin test reactions to rees' mlsa and lepromin, and reactogenicity of m.w vaccine in the local population. two doses of m.w, 1 x 10(9) bacilli and 5 x 10(9) bacilli, were used, in two separate studies of 395 and 400 "healthy" individuals aged 1-65 years. in each study, the study subjects receive ... | 1996 | 9001899 |
| immunotherapy of leprosy. | immunotherapy aims to modify the defective cell-mediated immune response in a section of leprosy cases. this presentation reviews the various immunomodulators developed/ investigated for this purpose. among the various mycobacterial agents, bcg, bcg + m.leprae, mycobacterium w, icrc bacillus and m.vaccae have been tried in leprosy patients and varying degree of beneficial effects on bacterial killing and clearance have been observed. studies carried out at cjil, agra and elsewhere suggest an imp ... | 1996 | 9001903 |
| leprosy vaccine: influence of dissolved oxygen levels on growth of a candidate strain (mycobacterium w), and storage stability of the vaccine. | the growth of mycobacterium w, a candidate strain for leprosy vaccine in submerged culture, was inhibited by the presence of over 40% oxygen saturation in the medium. intracellular levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were very low in the beginning. however, under controlled oxygenation, these levels increased with time. the augmentations of these antioxidant enzymes were associated with the elevated oxygen consumption by the culture. by maintaining the oxygen level below 20% during 6-day ... | 1998 | 9682400 |
| in vivo depletion of cd4 and cd8 t lymphocytes impairs mycobacterium w vaccine-induced protection against m. tuberculosis in mice. | in the present study we sought to determine the relative role of cd4 and cd8 t cells in mycobacterium w-induced protective immunity against tuberculosis of mice by in vivo depletion with specific monoclonal antibodies (mab). mice were immunized first with m.w, 4 weeks later treated with anti-cd4, anti-cd8 or a combination of both mab and subsequently infected with m. tuberculosis h37rv i.v. numbers of colony-forming units in animals depleted of cd4 t cells, cd8 t cells or both t cell populations ... | 1993 | 7901743 |
| treatment of bacilliferous bl/ll cases with combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy. | thirty-six, untreated borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (bl/ll) leprosy patients with an initial bacterial index (bi) of 4+ to 6+ were serially allocated to three treatment groups. group i patients received a slightly modified who regimen (rifampin once a month, clofazimine and dapsone daily) and bcg intradermally (i.d.) (0.1 mg/per dose). group ii patients were administered the same mdt and mycobacterium w (2 x 10(8)) killed bacilli/dose i.d., and group iii received the same mdt with 0.1 ml of ... | 1995 | 7602215 |
| addition of immunotherapy with mycobacterium w vaccine to multi-drug therapy benefits multibacillary leprosy patients. | immunotherapy with a vaccine consisting of autoclaved mycobacterium w, was given in addition to standard chemotherapy (multidrug therapy (mdt)) to 93 multibacillary (mb) leprosy patients. one hundred and seven patients with similar types of disease served as controls and received mdt + placebo injections. the study was a double-blind randomised trial. on opening the codes, results obtained were in concordance with those in a single-blind trial which has been extensively reported. bacteriological ... | 1995 | 7491818 |
| a report on the biochemical analysis of mycobacterium w. | a mycobacterial strain known as mycobacterial strain w was analysed for its growth characteristics and biochemical traits. this strain was found to be a rapid grower, with luxurient growth on lowenstein-jensen medium, dubos agar, middlebrook's agar and sauton's medium. colonies were smooth, convex and nonpigmented. some of the colonies which appeared rough were similar to smooth colonies at least in biochemical characteristics. this organism was tolerant to wide range of temperatures and to chem ... | 1981 | 7024633 |
| effect of macrophage activators on the phagocytosis of mycobacteria by schwann cells. | concanavalin a-induced lymphokines decreased the phagocytosis of 14c-acetate-labelled mycobacterium w by 33b rat schwannoma cells while increasing the phagocytosis by macrophages. this suggests that schwann cells are responsive to lymphokines. phorbol myristate acetate decreased the phagocytosis in schwannoma cells but increased that in macrophages. schwann cells, thus, respond to stimulants of macrophage phagocytosis in a manner opposite to that of macrophages. | 1986 | 3760158 |
| lack of mycobacterium leprae-specific uptake in schwann cells. | among mycobacteria, mycobacterium leprae have a unique property to infect peripheral nerves, which is the cause of a variety of debilities seen in leprosy. the possibility of selective uptake of m. leprae by schwann cells was studied using a rat schwannoma cell line 33b and rat sciatic nerve-derived schwann cells. m. leprae were phagocytosed by 33b cells but so also were seven other mycobacteria ("mycobacterium w," bcg, m. tuberculosis h37rv, m. nonchromogenicum, m. vaccae, icrc bacillus, and m. ... | 1986 | 3086468 |
| detection of lepromatous leprosy patients shedding m. leprae in nasal droppings by enzyme immunoassay. | enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detection of lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients harbouring m. leprae in nasal mucosa are described. one eia measures igm antibodies against the synthetic disaccharide (nd-bsa) residue of phenolic glycolipid i of m. leprae, whereas the other titrates primarily igg antibodies against sonicate supernatant antigens of mycobacterium w. (m.w.). fifty coded leprosy sera were analysed by eias under a double blind code. amongst the 20 ll patients with positive nasal smear, 1 ... | 1988 | 3075634 |
| effect of an immunomodulator containing mycobacterium w on sputum conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis. | sputum conversion is an important milestone in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis. early sputum conversion is desirable. a controlled study was done to improve sputum conversion rate of current short course chemotherapy using immunomodulator containing mycobacterium w. the immunomodulator is very potent and freely available. it shares antigens with mycobacterium tuberculosis. in a randomised pattern 69 of 134 patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis received the immunomodulator intra ... | 2002 | 12408283 |
| identification of t-cell-activating recombinant antigens shared among three candidate antileprosy vaccines, killed m. leprae, m. bovis bcg, and mycobacterium w. | antigenic crossreactivity among three candidate antileprosy vaccines, killed mycobacterium leprae, bcg, and mycobacterium w, was studied using t-cell lines and clones raised from bcg- and killed-m. leprae-vaccinated subjects. to identify the crossreactive antigens, the t-cell lines and clones were tested against escherichia coli lysates containing 65-, 36-, 28-, 18-, and 14-kilodalton (kda) and 13b3 m. leprae antigens and 65-, 19-, and 12-kda m. tuberculosis antigens. the short-term t-cell lines ... | 1988 | 3045224 |
| tuberculin conversion in hiv seropositives. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic is associated with increased incidence of tuberculosis. there is a need to provide prophylaxis for the same. mycobacterium w, a non-pathogenic, atypical mycobacterium, shares antigenic determinants with mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. the tuberculin response, which is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, indicates the status of cellular immunity against tuberculosis. the objective of this study was to evaluate potential of myco ... | 2002 | 12452519 |
| immune recovery in hiv with mycobacterium w. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is associated with decreased immunity. there is depletion of cd4 cells. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mycobacterium w on cd4 cell count in hiv + ve patients. a total of fifty patients were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: (a) mycobacterium w alone (n=17) (b) mycobacterium w plus two antiretroviral agents (n=16) (c) mycobacterium w plus haart (highly active antiretroviral therapy; (n=17). mycobacterium w ... | 2002 | 12455393 |
| immunotherapeutic trials with a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine based on mycobacterium w. | | 1990 | 2255867 |
| t-cell responses to fractionated antigens of mycobacterium w, a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine, in leprosy patients. | mycobacterium w, an atypical cultivable mycobacterium, is undergoing phase iii clinical trials as a vaccine against leprosy in india. it has brought about lepromin conversion and histopathological upgradation in a significant number of patients studied so far. it is important to identify antigens of m. w that trigger t-cell responses in leprosy patients vaccinated with this organism. in the present study the peripheral t-cell repertoire of 12 m. w-vaccinated leprosy patients, 10 unimmunized lepr ... | 1991 | 2068531 |
| resistance to intravenous inoculation of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv in mice of different inbred strains following immunization with a leprosy vaccine based on mycobacterium w. | four strains of mice, namely balb/c, c57bl/6 ncrl (bcgs), c3h/he ncrl and cba/n (bcgr) were experimentally infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv (trudeau institute, saranac lake, ny) to induce sub-lethal infection. the level of infection was assessed by screening tuberculin reaction, pulmonary lesions, and viable units of mycobacteria recovered from the lung, spleen and liver. on prior immunization with 10(7) heat-killed suspension of mycobacterium w, an anti-leprosy vaccine currently u ... | 1991 | 1901186 |
| efficacy of intradermal heat-killed mycobacterium w in psoriasis: a pilot study. | | 2003 | 12956699 |
| immunological upgrading with combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy in a lepromatous leprosy patient: a case report. | immunotherapy with mycobacterium w was given, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt) to a lepromatous leprosy (ll) patient with a bacteriological index (bi) of 6. after 15 months of treatment this patient attained bacteriological negativity and clinical inactivity. histopathologically the patient upgraded to borderline-tuberculoid at 12 months, and at 15 months showed features of nonspecific infiltration in the dermis. the rapid immunological upgrading seen in the patient is highlighted ... | 1991 | 1795588 |
| a rapid latex agglutination test for detection of antibodies in tuberculosis and hansen's disease. | antigens of mycobacterium w, a saprophytic fast growing organism having antigenic epitopes cross-reactive with mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis, were coated on to latex beads (0.33 micron zn size), and the reactivity tested with sera of tuberculosis and hansen's disease (hd) patients. seventy nine percent of lepromatous leprosy (ll) and eighty five percent of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) patients sera showed an agglutination reaction easily read by naked eye. specificity of the ... | 1991 | 1725289 |
| immuno-blot analysis of antigens of mycobacterium w: a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine using monoclonal antibodies and patient sera. | the presence of determinants immunologically cross-reactive with m. leprae and m. tuberculosis in mycobacterium w (m. w) has been revealed by immunoblotting using cross-reactive and specific monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to m. leprae and m. tuberculosis. three of the seven m. leprae and one of the two m. tuberculosis "specific" moabs showed reactivity with m. w antigens. reactions were also manifest with cross-reactive moabs. one out of the three moabs raised to m. leprae and three of six to m. ... | 1990 | 1698376 |
| association of hla antigens with differential responsiveness to mycobacterium w vaccine in multibacillary leprosy patients. | leprosy patients undergoing phase ii trials in two hospitals of new delhi, india, were hla typed to see the association of hla with differential responsiveness to mycobacterium w vaccine. the vaccine comprises an atypical, nonpathogenic mycobacterium, mycobacterium w, which has cross-reactive antigens with m. leprae. multibacillary patients who are lepromin negative are vaccinated at an interval of 3 months. considerable improvement is evident in the patients in terms of a decline in bacterial i ... | 1992 | 1551942 |
| role of mycobacterium w vaccine in the management of psoriasis. | | 2005 | 15727665 |
| induction of lepromin positivity by a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine mycobacterium w in lepromin negative healthy contacts of multibacillary leprosy patients. | in a hospital based study, 362 household contacts of multibacillary leprosy patients were screened for evidence of leprosy and 54 (14.9%) were found to be having leprosy. the remaining 308 apparently healthy contacts were lepromin tested and 109 (35.4%) were observed to be negative to mitsuda lepromin. m.w vaccine was administered intradermally to 95 of these 109 lepromin negative contacts. sixty eight of them could be retested for lepromin a reactivity. fifty six (82.35%) manifested lepromin co ... | 1992 | 1308525 |
| ability of m. leprae, mycobacterium w, and icrc bacillus to produce macrophage activating factors from lymphocytes of leprosy patients. | | 1978 | 374871 |
| disabilities in multibacillary leprosy following multidrug therapy with and without immunotherapy with mycobacterium w antileprosy vaccine. | a vaccine based on autoclaved mycobacterium w was administered, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt), to 157 bacteriologically positive, lepromin-negative, multibacillary leprosy patients supported by a well-matched control group of 147 patients with similar type of disease who received a placebo injection in addition to mdt. the mdt was given for a minimum period of 2 years and continued until skin-smear negativity, while the vaccine/placebo was given at 3-month intervals up to a max ... | 1999 | 10575404 |
| mycobacterium w immunotherapy in leprosy. | | 1998 | 9805877 |
| molecular analysis of a leprosy immunotherapeutic bacillus provides insights into mycobacterium evolution. | evolutionary dynamics plays a central role in facilitating the mechanisms of species divergence among pathogenic and saprophytic mycobacteria. the ability of mycobacteria to colonize hosts, to proliferate and to cause diseases has evolved due to its predisposition to various evolutionary forces acting over a period of time. mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip), a taxonomically unknown 'generalist' mycobacterium, acts as an immunotherapeutic against leprosy and is approved for use as a vaccine agai ... | 2007 | 17912347 |
| immunotherapy with mycobacterium w vaccine decreases the incidence and severity of type 2 (enl) reactions. | immunotherapy with mycobacterium w (m.w) vaccine was given to 45 patients with multibacillary (mb) leprosy; 41 similarly classified patients served as controls. all patients received standard multidrug therapy (mdt). incidence, severity and frequency of type 2 (enl) reactional episodes were monitored in both groups in a follow-up extending up to 4 years. reactions were seen in fewer vaccinated (10/37) bl and ll patients than in the control group (12/34). a total of 20 episodes were recorded in t ... | 1993 | 8464320 |
| an immunodominant 30-kda antigen of a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine, mycobacterium w, shares t and b cell determinants with m. leprae and m. tuberculosis. | earlier we reported that vaccination of leprosy patients with mycobacterium w induces an immune response directed predominantly against low molecular weight antigens. one of these antigens, with a molecular mass of 30-kda, was recognized by a majority of the vaccinated subjects as well as the tuberculoid leprosy patients and healthy contacts. in the present communication we report further characterization of this antigen. immunofluorescence and western blot studies with antibodies raised against ... | 1993 | 8283960 |
| reversal reaction in multibacillary leprosy patients following mdt with and without immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, mycobacterium w. | immunotherapy with a candidate for an antileprosy vaccine, mycobacterium w, was given in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt) to 53 multibacillary lepromin negative patients belonging to bb, bl and ll types of leprosy (vaccine group). an equal control group received mdt and injections of micronized starch as placebo. both the vaccine and placebo were administered intradermally every 3 months. the patients were evaluated at determined intervals by clinical, bacteriological and histopathol ... | 1993 | 8231601 |
| leprosy. | the world health organization field leprosy classification is based on the number of skin lesions: single-lesion leprosy (1 lesion), paucibacillary leprosy (2-5 skin lesions), and multibacillary leprosy (more than 5 skin lesions). worldwide, about 720,000 new cases of leprosy are reported each year, and about 2 million people have leprosy-related disabilities. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of inte ... | 2007 | 19454067 |
| field trials on the use of mycobacterium w vaccine in conjunction with multidrug therapy in leprosy patients for immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic purposes. | a double blind field trial was started with a candidate anti-leprosy vaccine, mycobacterium w as an immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic agent against leprosy in a highly endemic region with a prevalence rate of over 18 per 1000 population. by 31 august 1992, 224 villages have been surveyed, covering a population of 307,981 (1981 census). a total of 979 mb patients and 2801 pb patients have been registered. a total of 19,453 household contacts of leprosy patients have been examined for clini ... | 1993 | 8127216 |
| aerosol vaccines for tuberculosis: a fine line between protection and pathology. | pulmonary delivery of vaccines against airborne infection is being investigated worldwide, but there is limited effort directed at developing inhaled vaccines for tuberculosis (tb). this review addresses some of the challenges confronting vaccine development for tb and attempts to link these challenges to the promises of mucosal immunity offered by pulmonary delivery. there are several approaches working toward this goal including subunit vaccines, recombinant strains, a novel vaccine strain myc ... | 2010 | 21067975 |
| induction of lepromin positivity following immuno-chemotherapy with mycobacterium w vaccine and multidrug therapy and its impact on bacteriological clearance in multibacillary leprosy: report on a hospital-based clinical trial with the candidate antileprosy vaccine. | a vaccine based on autoclaved mycobacterium w was administered, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt), to 157 bacteriologically positive, lepromin-negative, multibacillary (ll, bl and bb) leprosy patients. the vaccinees were supported by a well-matched control group of 147 patients with similar type of disease who received a placebo injection in addition to mdt. the mdt was given for a minimum period of 2 years and continued until skin-smear negativity, while the vaccine was given at 3 ... | 1999 | 10575405 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii supernatant induces apoptotic cell death in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. | mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip), also known as mw, is a saprophytic, non-pathogenic strain of mycobacterium and is commercially available as a heat-killed vaccine for leprosy and recently tuberculosis (tb) as part of mdt. in this study we provide evidence that cell-free supernatant collected from original mip suspension induces rapid and enhanced apoptosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. it is demonstrated that the mip cell-free supernatant induced apoptosis is mitochondria-mediated ... | 2011 | 21347304 |
| an immunotherapeutic vaccine for multibacillary leprosy. | on january 30, 1998, a vaccine for leprosy based on mycobacterium w (the code word under which this species hitherto unspecified was investigated) was launched for public use for therapeutic purposes. the vaccine has completed phase iii immunotherapeutic trials as an adjunct to chemotherapy in urban and rural leprosy control centres and has received the authorization from the drugs controller of india for industrial manufacture. it will be made available by m/s cadila pharmaceuticals, ahmedabad. ... | 1999 | 10614726 |
| mycobacterium w vaccine, a useful adjuvant to multidrug therapy in multibacillary leprosy: a report on hospital based immunotherapeutic clinical trials with a follow-up of 1-7 years after treatment. | a vaccine based on autoclaved mycobacterium w was administered, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt), to 156 bacteriologically positive, lepromin negative multibacillary leprosy patients compared to a well matched control group of 145 patients with a similar type of disease who received a placebo injection in addition to mdt. the mdt was given for a minimum period of 2 years and continued until skin smear negativity, while the vaccine was given at 3-month intervals up to a maximum of ... | 2000 | 10920613 |
| reactional states and neuritis in multibacillary leprosy patients following mdt with/without immunotherapy with mycobacterium w antileprosy vaccine. | a vaccine based on autoclaved mycobacterium w was administered, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt), to 157 untreated, bacteriologically positive, lepromin negative multibacillary leprosy patients, supported by a well matched control group of 147 patients with similar type of disease, who received a placebo injection in addition to mdt. the mdt was given for a minimum period of 2 years and continued until skin smear negativity, while the vaccine/placebo was given at 3-monthly interva ... | 2000 | 10920614 |
| induction of lepromin positivity and immunoprophylaxis in household contacts of multibacillary leprosy patients: a pilot study with a candidate vaccine, mycobacterium w. | we screened 487 household contacts of multibacillary (mb) patients for evidence of disease and their lepromin status. from the 444 results available, 302 (68.02%) were lepromin positive and 142 (31.98%) were lepromin negative on initial testing. the initial lepromin status as assessed in the group of 54 contacts having disease at the outset showed 24 out of 46 (52.2%) to be lepromin positive and 22 of 46 (47.8%) to be lepromin negative. in the same group, among 24 lepromin positives, 22 (91.7%) ... | 2000 | 11036493 |
| impact of combined mycobacterium w vaccine and 1 year of mdt on multibacillary leprosy patients. | a total of 20 bacteriologically positive multibacillary (mb) leprosy patients older than 18 years of age with a bacterial index (bi) of 2+ or greater were given standard world health organization multiple drug therapy (mdt-mb) for 12 consecutive months plus four intradermal doses of mycobacterium w vaccine at 3 monthly intervals (study group). twenty age-matched mb patients were given who/mdt alone (control group). the patients of both groups were followed up for 1 year. improvements in the pati ... | 2001 | 11875762 |
| combined 12-month who/mdt mb regimen and mycobacterium w. vaccine in multibacillary leprosy: a follow-up of 136 patients. | a total of 136 patients with bi > or = 2 having been followed up for at least 2 years or more were included in the analyses. seventy-seven out of 136 patients had completed three years follow up. all patients were given who/mdt mb regimen for 12 months and additionally 4 doses of mycobacterium w. vaccine at 3-month intervals. the age of the patients varied from 6 to 77 years (mean 34 +/- 11.3 years) and they had the disease varying from 3 months to 7 years (mean = 1.9 +/- 1.4 years). the mean of ... | 2002 | 12483965 |
| mechanism of phagocytosis of mycobacteria by schwann cells and their comparison with macrophages. | factors influencing the phagocytosis of mycobacteria by 33b rat schwannoma cells and rat peritoneal macrophages were studied. uptake of 14c-acetate-labeled mycobacterium w by these cells was used to set up a radiometric phagocytosis assay. incubation at 4 degrees c and treatment with sodium azide (0.2% to 1%), colchicine (10(-7) to 10(-3) m), cytochalasin b (0.2 micrograms/ml to 25 micrograms/ml), and dibutyryl cyclic amp (10(-7) to 10(-3) m) inhibited the phagocytosis by both cell types in a si ... | 1986 | 3014027 |
| antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of terminalia stenostachya and terminalia spinosa. | plants that belong to the combretaceae family have long history of use in the traditional medicine systems of africa and asia for treatment of diseases and conditions associated with hiv/aids-opportunistic infections. the objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of extracts of terminalia stenostachya engl. & diels and terminalia spinosa engl. (combretaceae), to verify the rationale for their use by traditional health practitioners in the treatment of hiv/aids patients ... | 2011 | 25566609 |
| immunotherapeutic effects of a vaccine based on a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium, mycobacterium w in multibacillary leprosy patients. | immunotherapy with a vaccine consisting of autoclaved mycobacterium w was given in addition to chemotherapy in 54 multibacillary, lepromin negative patients belonging to bb, bl and ll types of leprosy. thirty-seven patients with similar types of diseases received chemotherapy and placebo injections. the 'vaccine' was repeated every 3 months. bacterial clearance was more rapid in the vaccinated patients. two lepromatous leprosy patients with initial bacterial index (bi) of 1.8 and 2.8 became bact ... | 1990 | 2336873 |
| [eradication of leprosy and public health. vaccination and multidrug therapy]. | leprosy is a disease, which still affects large populations in the developing countries particularly in africa, asia and latin america. for the last 15 years significant advances have been made towards leprosy elimination. the most effective strategy for leprosy control is an early identification of cases and an effective treatment with multidrug therapy (mdt). the vaccination against leprosy plays only an additional role. there are two possible approaches to develop vaccine against leprosy. one ... | 2002 | 12666583 |
| role of mycobacterium w as adjuvant treatment of lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer). | mycobacterium w (immuvac), a new potent immunomodulator was evaluated as an adjuvant therapy in the management of non-small cell lung cancer in a controlled clinical trial. the standard therapy employed was combination chemotherapy in the form of cisplatin and etoposide along with radiotherapy. the group receiving mycobacterium w tolerated the chemotherapy and radiotherapy well and completed it as planned, in contrast to premature stoppage of radiotherapy in 50% of patients in the control group. ... | 2003 | 12841498 |
| large-scale validation of a latex agglutination test for diagnosis of tuberculosis. | large-scale validation of a simple latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is described. soluble antigens extracted from a non-pathogenic saprophytic mycobacterium, mycobacterium w, which shares antigenic determinants with mycobacterium tuberculosis, were covalently linked to carboxylated polystyrene latex beads. batch to batch reproducibility of coated latex was ensured. latex reagents were standardized to overcome non-specific agglutination. reagents of the test are stable f ... | 2003 | 14642308 |
| under-explored experimental topics related to integral mycobacterial vaccines for leprosy. | many leprosy vaccine studies have utilized live or killed whole mycobacteria, such as bacille calmette-guérin, indian cancer research center (icrc) bacilli and mycobacterium w either alone or in combination with killed mycobacterium leprae. for bacille calmette-guérin, the vaccine dose is generally that which gives the largest delayed-type hypersensitivity response with minimal side effects. the doses of other integral mycobacterial vaccines appear to be arbitrarily chosen. hypotheses governing ... | 2003 | 14711362 |
| bladder preserving approach for muscle invasive bladder cancer--role of mycobacterium w. | mycobacterium w (immuvac), a new potent immunomodulator was evaluated as concomitant therapy in the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer along with external beam radiation therapy. there was no residual tumour in all the five patients after two months of therapy. all patients remained disease free for an observation period of more than 2 years. | 2003 | 15168998 |
| minocycline successfully treats exaggerated granulomatous hypersensitivity reaction to mw immunotherapy. | mycobacterium w (mw) vaccine has been found to be effective in the treatment of leprosy and warts. despite increasing use of mw immunotherapy, data on its safety is limited. we report a series of eight patients who developed persisting injection site granulomatous reaction following mw immunotherapy and were successfully treated with minocycline. eight patients with persistent nodular swelling at the site of mw injections were identified. seven of them had received mw immunotherapy for cutaneous ... | 2016 | 27891740 |
| evolving role of immunotherapy in the treatment of refractory warts. | cutaneous and genital warts are common dermatological conditions caused by the human papilloma virus (hpv). although it is a benign condition, it causes disfigurement, has a tendency to koebnerize, and can be transmitted to others. this makes adequate and timely treatment important. there are several conventional treatments available with variable response. topical and systemic immunotherapy has now found a significant place in the treatment of warts because of its nondestructive action, ease of ... | 2017 | 27730031 |
| improved cure rates in pulmonary tuberculosis category ii (retreatment) with mycobacterium w. | a controlled study to improve sputum conversion rate of current short course chemotherapy using immunomodulator containing mycobacterium w had been shown earlier. the same randomised study was continued further till the end of therapy. at the end of the intensive phase, sputum conversion rate in category ii was 75.51% in mycobacterium w (mw) group as compared to 51.85% in the control group. the cure rate in category ii was 97.96% and 77.77% in mw and control groups, respectively. treatment failu ... | 2003 | 15198421 |
| antigenic trigger for type 1 reaction in leprosy. | type 1 (reversal or upgrading) reactions occur during or after chemotherapy in around 10% leprosy patients [int j lepr other mycobact dis 61 (1993) 8-15]. the cause of this immunological upgrading is incompletely defined, although the approximately 2-fold increased risk of reaction in patients vaccinated with mycobacterium w suggests that infection by mycobacteria other than mycobacterium leprae may trigger this phenomenon [vaccine 13 (1995) 1102-1110]. we report a case of borderline lepromatous ... | 2005 | 15780420 |
| the use of the name mycobacterium w for the leprosy immunotherapeutic bacillus creates confusion with m. tuberculosis-w (beijing strain): a suggestion. | | 2008 | 17766188 |
| potential of mw as a prophylactic vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis. | mycobacterium w (mw), is a cultivable, non-pathogenic mycobacterium and has been tried extensively as an immunomodulator in leprosy. this has been found to be safe and has shown beneficial immunoprophylactic effect in population based, double blind placebo controlled trials in north india. these effects were also observed in the vaccine trials in south india. keeping in view these beneficial effects and its earlier reported protective effect against tuberculosis in animals, its protective effica ... | 2008 | 18243430 |
| intralesional immunotherapy with killed mycobacterium w vaccine for the treatment of ano-genital warts: an open label pilot study. | intralesional immunotherapy with skin test antigens and vaccines has been found to be effective in the management of genital and extragenital warts. | 2008 | 18484970 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii (mw) re-establishes host protective immune response in leishmania donovani infected macrophages: critical role of il-12. | leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, causes a strong immunosuppression in a susceptible host and inflicts the fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis. relatively high toxicity, low therapeutic index, and failure in reinstating host-protective anti-leishmanial immune responses have made anti-leishmanial drugs patient non-compliant and an immuno-modulatory treatment a necessity. therefore, we have tested the anti-leishmanial efficacy of a combination of a novel immunomodulator, mycobacterium in ... | 2012 | 22792256 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of "mycobacterium w" against mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice immunized with live versus heat-killed m. w by the aerosol or parenteral route. | as the disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a burden, there is a concerted effort to find new vaccines to combat this problem. one of the important vaccine strategies is whole bacterial vaccines. this approach relies on multiple antigens and built-in adjuvanticity. other mycobacterial strains which share cross-reactive antigens with m. tuberculosis have been considered as alternatives to m. bovis for vaccine use. one such strain, "mycobacterium w", had been evaluated for ... | 2009 | 18981249 |
| polyphasic taxonomic analysis establishes mycobacterium indicus pranii as a distinct species. | mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip), popularly known as mw, is a cultivable, non-pathogenic organism, which, based on its growth and metabolic properties, is classified in runyon group iv along with m. fortuitum, m. smegmatis and m. vaccae. the novelty of this bacterium was accredited to its immunological ability to undergo antigen driven blast transformation of leukocytes and delayed hypersensitivity skin test in leprosy patients, a disease endemic in the indian sub-continent. consequently, mip ... | 2009 | 19606228 |
| development of a highly immunogenic recombinant candidate vaccine against human chorionic gonadotropin. | human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) is synthesized soon after fertilization and is essential for embryonic implantation. a vaccine targeting hcg would be an ideal choice for immuno-contraception; an anti-hcg vaccine developed by talwar et al., has previously undergone phase ii efficacy trials, providing proof of principle. these trials established the threshold levels of bio-neutralizing anti-hcg antibody titers required to prevent pregnancy; however, these titers (>50 ng/ml) were achieved in onl ... | 2011 | 21272600 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii and mycobacterium bovis bcg lead to differential macrophage activation in toll-like receptor-dependent manner. | mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) is an atypical mycobacterial species possessing strong immunomodulatory properties. it is a potent vaccine candidate against tuberculosis, promotes th1 immune response and protects mice from tumours. in previous studies, we demonstrated higher protective efficacy of mip against experimental tuberculosis as compared with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg). since macrophages play an important role in the pathology of mycobacterial diseases and cancer, in the present ... | 2014 | 24766519 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv is more effective compared to vaccine strains in modulating neutrophil functions: an in vitro study. | neutrophils are the primary cells contributing to initial defense against mycobacteria. yet, little is known about the potential of various mycobacterial strains to stimulate neutrophils. this study was focused to compare the differential capacity of vaccine strains, mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) and mycobacterium indicus pranii (mw), and laboratory strain h37rv to activate and enhance neutrophil functions. the expression of phenotypic markers like fcγ receptor, toll-like re ... | 2012 | 22900703 |
| leprosy. | the world health organization field leprosy classification is based on the number of skin lesions: paucibacillary leprosy (1-5 skin lesions), and multibacillary leprosy (more than 5 skin lesions). worldwide, about 250,000 new cases of leprosy are reported each year, and about 2 million people have leprosy-related disabilities. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: what are the effects of interventions to prevent leprosy? what ... | 2010 | 21418690 |
| immunotherapeutic efficacy of mycobacterium indicus pranii in eliciting anti-tumor t cell responses: critical roles of ifn? | mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) is approved for use as an adjuvant (immuvac/cadi-05) in the treatment of leprosy. in addition, its efficacy is being investigated in clinical trials on patients with tuberculosis and different tumors. to evaluate and delineate the mechanisms by which autoclaved mip enhances anti-tumor responses, the growth of solid tumors consisting of sp2/0 (myeloma) and el4 (thymoma) cells was studied in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice respectively. treatment of mice with a single in ... | 2011 | 21455983 |
| outcomes of toll-like receptors' antagonism in steroid-resistant optic neuritis; a pilot study. | background: to investigate the safety and outcomes of off-label immunomodulator mycobacterium w. (mw), a tlr 9 antagonist in steroid-resistant idiopathic unilateral optic neuritis. methods: case series. eight patients with documented idiopathic unilateral optic neuritis who did not improve with methyl prednisolone followed by oral steroids as per the optic neuritis treatment trial (ontt) were administered mw 5 ml ... | 2011 | 22169982 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii is a potent immunomodulator for a recombinant vaccine against human chorionic gonadotropin. | the objective of this work was to identify a human use-permissible adjuvant to enhance significantly the antibody response to a recombinant anti-hcg vaccine. previous phase ii efficacy trials in sexually active women have demonstrated the prevention of pregnancy at hcg bioneutralization titers of 50ng/ml or more. mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip), a non-pathogenic mycobacterium employed as an autoclaved suspension in aqueous buffer, significantly increased antibody titers in the fvb strain of m ... | 2011 | 21885129 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii downregulates mmp-9 and inos through cox-2 dependent and tnf-α independent pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. | despite the popular belief that granulomas are innate immune mechanism to restrict mycobacterial growth, evidences suggest that granulomas facilitate growth of mycobacterium by recruiting large numbers of uninfected macrophages to the site of infection. matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9) has been shown to be directly involved in recruitment of macrophages at the site of infection, contributing to nascent granuloma maturation and bacterial growth. in this manuscript it is reported that heat-kille ... | 2011 | 22138502 |
| activation of anti-tumor immune response and reduction of regulatory t cells with mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) therapy in tumor bearing mice. | role of immune system in protecting the host from cancer is well established. growing cancer however subverts immune response towards th2 type and escape from antitumor mechanism of the host. activation of both innate and th1 type response is crucial for host antitumor activity. in our previous study it was found, that mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) also known as m. w induces th1 type response and activates macrophages in animal model of tuberculosis. hence, we studied the immunotherapeutic ... | 2011 | 21984926 |
| antibody response to phenolic glycolipid i and mycobacterium w antigens and its relation to bacterial load in m. leprae-infected mice and leprosy patients. | twenty-six inbred balb/cby mice were infected with live mycobacterium leprae by injecting 6 x 10(3) bacilli in the hind footpad. bleeds were collected at monthly intervals. after 6 months, acid-fast bacilli (afb) were harvested monthly from the footpad of mice. the sera were analysed in enzyme immunoassay for antibodies against phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i) of m. leprae and antigens of mycobacterium w (m. w); 21 out of 26 (80.7%) mice demonstrated the presence of antibodies against pgl-i and m. ... | 1989 | 12412751 |
| Mycobacterium indicus pranii as stand-alone or adjunct immunotherapeutic in treatment of experimental animal tuberculosis. | Background & objectives: Mycobacterium w (M.w) is a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium and shares several antigens with M. tuberculosis. It has shown good immunomodulation in leprosy patients. Hence in the present study, the efficacy of M.w immunotherapy, alone or in combination with multi drug chemotherapeutic regimens was investigated against drug sensitive M. tuberculosis H37Rv and three clinical isolates with variable degree of drug resistance in mice. Methods: BALB/c mice were infected w ... | 2011 | 22199110 |
| efficacy of intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: a review of the literature. | warts are common epidermal growths caused by human papillomavirus that often cause significant discomfort and embarrassment. current treatment options include topical therapies, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and surgical excision. many of these options are destructive and may result in scarring, while less aggressive approaches can lead to lesion recurrence. additionally, these local modalities are not practical for patients with a large number of warts. systemic approaches such as immunother ... | 2016 | 26991521 |
| immunodominant protein mip_05962 from mycobacterium indicus pranii displays chaperone activity. | tuberculosis, a contagious disease of infectious origin is currently a major cause of deaths worldwide. mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip), a saprophytic non-pathogen and a potent immunomodulator is currently being investigated as an intervention against tuberculosis along with many other diseases with positive outcome. the apparent paradox of multiple chaperones in mycobacterial species and enigma about the cellular functions of the client proteins of these chaperones need to be explored. chape ... | 2017 | 28296245 |
| inter-clade protection offered by mw-adjuvanted recombinant ha, np proteins, and m2e peptide combination vaccine in mice correlates with cellular immune response. | we documented earlier that mw (heat-killed suspension of mycobacterium indicus pranii) adjuvant when used with conserved antigens, nucleoprotein (np), and ectodomain of matrix (m2) protein (m2e) provided complete protection against homologous (clade 2.2) virus challenge in mice. the present study extends these observations to inter-clade challenge (clade 2.3.2.1) h5n1 virus and attempts to understand preliminary immunologic basis for the observed protection. female balb/c mice immunized with a s ... | 2016 | 28119689 |
| evaluation of liposome, heat-killed mycobacterium w, and alum adjuvants in the protection offered by different combinations of recombinant ha, np proteins, and m2e against homologous h5n1 virus. | continued evolution of highly pathogenic h5n1 viruses causing high mortality in humans obviates need for broadly cross-reactive vaccines. for this, hemagglutinin (ha) inducing specific protective antibodies, highly conserved nucleoprotein (np), and ectodomain of matrix (m2e) protein, either singly or in combination, were evaluated in balb/c mice. recombinant ha and np (baculovirus system) and m2e (synthetic peptide) and 3 adjuvants, that is, liposomes, mw (heat killed mycobacterium w), and alum ... | 2016 | 27508998 |
| immunoprophylactic effects of the anti-leprosy mw vaccine in household contacts of leprosy patients: clinical field trials with a follow up of 8-10 years. | we report here a large scale, double blind immunoprophylactic trial of a leprosy vaccine based on mycobacterium w (mw) in an endemic area of kanpur dehat, uttar pradesh, india. a population of 420,823 spread over 272 villages was screened where 1226 multibacillary (mb) and 3757 paucibacillary (pb) cases of leprosy were detected. a total of 29,420 household contacts (hhc) of these patients were screened for evidence of active or inactive leprosy. after exclusion of 1622 contacts for any of the di ... | 2005 | 16038246 |
| comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of bcg and mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. | even after 12 months of multi-drug therapy (m.d.t.) multibacillary (mb) therapy patients with high bacterial index (b.i.) continue to harbor dead bacilli and viable persisters, which lead to immunological complications such as recurrent reactions and late relapses, respectively. to achieve faster killing of viable bacilli and clearance of dead bacilli, various immunotherapeutic agents (vaccines and cytokines) are being evaluated as an adjunct to m.d.t. aims and objectives. to evaluate the role o ... | 2005 | 16830653 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii (mw)-mediated protection against visceral leishmaniasis by reciprocal regulation of host dual-specificity phosphatases. | leishmania donovani resides within the host macrophages by dampening host defence mechanisms and thereby it modulates the host cell functions for its survival. multiple host cell factors compete during the interplay between the host and the parasite. roles for dual-specificity phosphatases (dusps) are implicated in various pathological conditions. however, the reciprocity of these dusps was unknown in l. donovani infection in a susceptible model. here, we show that mycobacterium indicus pranii ( ... | 2016 | 28013190 |
| unresponsiveness of mycobacterium w vaccine in managing acute and chronic leishmania donovani infections in mouse and hamster. | the role of mycobacterium w (mw) vaccine as an immunomodulator and immunoprophylactant in the treatment of mycobacterial diseases (leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis) is well established. the fact that it shares common antigens with leishmanial parasites prompted its assessment as an immunostimulant and as an adjunct to known anti-leishmanials that may help in stimulating the suppressed immune status of leishmania donovani-infected individuals. the efficacy of mw vaccine was assessed as an immun ... | 2013 | 23253783 |
| molecular analysis of clinical isolates previously diagnosed as mycobacterium intracellulare reveals incidental findings of "mycobacterium indicus pranii" genotypes in human lung infection. | mycobacterium intracellulare is a major cause of mycobacterium avium complex lung disease in many countries. molecular studies have revealed several new mycobacteria species that are closely related to m. intracellulare. the aim of this study was to re-identify and characterize clinical isolates from patients previously diagnosed with m. intracellulare lung disease at the molecular level. | 2015 | 26423052 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii induces dendritic cell activation, survival, and th1/th17 polarization potential in a tlr-dependent manner. | mip is a nonpathogenic, soil-borne predecessor of mycobacterium avium. it has been reported previously that mip possesses strong immunomodulatory properties and confers protection against experimental tb and tumor. dcs, by virtue of their unmatched antigen-presentation potential, play a critical role in activation of antitumor and antimycobacterial immune response. the effect of mip on the behavior of dcs and the underlying mechanisms, however, have not been investigated so far. in the present s ... | 2015 | 25593326 |
| comparative analyses of nonpathogenic, opportunistic, and totally pathogenic mycobacteria reveal genomic and biochemical variabilities and highlight the survival attributes of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterial evolution involves various processes, such as genome reduction, gene cooption, and critical gene acquisition. our comparative genome size analysis of 44 mycobacterial genomes revealed that the nonpathogenic (np) genomes were bigger than those of opportunistic (op) or totally pathogenic (tp) mycobacteria, with the tp genomes being smaller yet variable in size--their genomic plasticity reflected their ability to evolve and survive under various environmental conditions. from the 44 m ... | 2014 | 25370496 |
| "mycobacterium indicus pranii" is a strain of mycobacterium intracellulare. | | 2015 | 25736889 |
| mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) mediated host protective intracellular mechanisms against tuberculosis infection: involvement of tlr-4 mediated signaling. | mycobacterium tuberculosis infection inflicts the disease tuberculosis (tb), which is fatal if left untreated. during m. tuberculosis infection, the pathogen modulates tlr-4 receptor down-stream signaling, indicating the possible involvement of tlr-4 in the regulation of the host immune response. mycobacterium indicus pranii (mip) possesses immuno-modulatory properties which induces the pro-inflammatory responses via induction of tlr-4-mediated signaling. here, we observed the immunomodulatory p ... | 2016 | 27865392 |