| [studies on the antimalarial action of gelatin capsule of artemisia annua]. | the pharmacological and clinical effects of gelatin capsule of artemisia annua (gcaa) were investigated. the results revealed that the ld50 was 162.5 +/- 10.1g (crude drug)/kg and ed50 was 11.9 +/- 2.4g (crude drug) for clearance of parasitemia in mice infected with plasmodium berghei therapeutic index being 13.6, which was 3.5 times more than that of artemisinin. the cure rate of coea for plasmodium berghei and p. vivax infections was 100%, as well as just like that of the extract tablets of ar ... | 1992 | 1303339 |
| stereoselective synthesis and antimalarial activity of alpha-artelinic acid from artemisinin. | alpha-artelinic acid [8], a potent, stable, and water-soluble antimalarial agent, has been synthesized from artemisinin [1], the sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from artemisia annua. the blood schizontocidal antimalarial activity of alpha-artelinic acid evaluated against plasmodium knowlesi is also reported. | 1992 | 1431937 |
| trial of antimalarial potential of extracts of artemisia annua grown in myanmar. | | 1991 | 1755047 |
| can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antimalarial agents? | the resistance of plasmodium falciparum, the cause of tertian malaria, to synthetic antimalarials, together with the resistance of the vector mosquitoes to insecticides, has resulted in a resurgence in the use of quinine and a search for new antimalarial agents. in recent years, artemisinin, isolated from artemisia annua which is used in chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria, has proved to be effective in the treatment of cerebral malaria due to chloroquine-resistant strains ... | 1991 | 1881153 |
| effects of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin and arteether on immune responses of normal mice. | artemisinin (qinghaosu) is a potent antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the chinese herb artemisia annua. arteether, a potent semisynthetic analogue of dihydroartemisinin is being developed by the world health organization as the artemisinin derivative of choice for the treatment of malaria. all three agents in doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight were found to exhibit marked suppression of humoral responses, as measured by the hemolytic plaque assay, with arteether being the most ... | 1990 | 2202689 |
| [the pharmacokinetics of dihydroqinghasu given orally to rabbits and dogs]. | qinghaosu (qhs), also known as artemisinine and arteannuin, is isolated from the chinese herb artemisia annua l. it is highly active against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of p. berghei and has been approved by the ministry of health for the treatment of malaria. when qhs is treated with sodium borohydride, dihydroqinghaosu (dh qhs) is resulted with the antimalarial activity enhanced several fold. this paper reports the pharmacokinetics of dhqhs studied with the rad ... | 1990 | 2239323 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xl. the action of artemisinin and related sesquiterpenes. | artemisinin (qinghaosu), a poorly soluble sesquiterpene lactone derived from the plant artemisia annua linn., and a number of more soluble, semi-synthetic derivatives are rapidly-acting blood schizontocides against plasmodium berghei and p. yoelii nigeriensis. an oily suspension of artemisinin given s.c. is more effective than aqueous suspensions. the activity is retained against lines resistant to primaquine, cycloguanil, pyrimethamine, sulphonamides, mefloquine and menoctone, but a highly chlo ... | 1986 | 3307655 |
| potentiation of the antimalarial activity of qinghaosu by methoxylated flavones. | interaction between the flavones casticin and artemetin and the antimalarial activity of chloroquine and qinghaosu (qhs) was examined using an in vitro growth assay based on [3h]hypoxanthine incorporation in synchronized cultures of a cloned line of plasmodium falciparum. casticin, and to a lesser extent artemetin, selectively enhanced the inhibition of growth by qhs, but had little effect on the activity of chloroquine. the findings suggest that flavones indigenous to artemisia annua, from whic ... | 1987 | 3318019 |
| the effect of combinations of qinghaosu (artemisinin) with standard antimalarial drugs in the suppressive treatment of malaria in mice. | artemisinin is a novel antimalarial drug isolated in china from the wormwood plant artemisia annua l. studies with rodent malaria were carried out to detect antagonism and synergism with a variety of antimalarial drugs. isobolograms of drug interaction were plotted at the ed90 level. with a normally susceptible strain of plasmodium berghei, marked potentiative synergism was found with mefloquine, tetracycline and spiramycin. there was some synergism also with primaquine. combinations of artemisi ... | 1987 | 3328341 |
| an investigation on in vivo allergenicity of artemisia annua leaves and stems. | pollen of artemisia annua is considered to be one of the most important allergens in autumnal hay fever in china, just as ragweed is in north america. in order to clarify the allergenicity of non-pollen containing components of the plant, artemisia annua leaves and stems were collected and extracted before pollination time. the extracts of these pollen-free plant components were studied for allergenic activities using skin prick tests, intradermal tests, intranasal challenge and bronchial provoc ... | 1987 | 3449079 |
| production of artemisinin in tissue cultures of artemisia annua. | | 1986 | 3760887 |
| qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from china. | the herb artemisia annua has been used for many centuries in chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. in 1971, chinese chemists isolated from the leafy portions of the plant the substance responsible for its reputed medicinal action. this compound, called qinghaosu (qhs, artemisinin), is a sesquiterpene lactone that bears a peroxide grouping and, unlike most other antimalarials, lacks a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system. the compound has been used successfull ... | 1985 | 3887571 |
| metabolic fate of qinghaosu in rats; a new tlc densitometric method for its determination in biological material. | since the sixties, the emergence of malarial parasites resistant to the most potent anti-malarials has posed a serious problem to the therapy of malaria. qinghaosu, a new sesquiterpene isolated from a chinese medicinal herb qing-hao (artemisia annua linn) is being used for the treatment of malaria in china with good results even in cases resistant to common anti-malarial agents. in this paper, a sensitive method of high specificity using tlc for the determination of qinghaosu in biological speci ... | 1985 | 4029221 |
| [chemical constituents of volatile oils of artemisia annua]. | | 1983 | 6231125 |
| immunosuppressive action of qinghaosu. | qinghaosu, isolated and purified from the chinese herb, artemisia annua linn, and identified as a sesquiterpene with a peroxide bridge and lactone structure, is a highly potent and non-toxic new antimalaria drug. this paper reports the immunosuppressive action of its water soluble derivative (hemisuccinate na, qhs). the remarkable suppression by qhs of the in vitro 3htdr incorporation by mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cells and human peripheral lymphocytes, as well as the spontaneous incorporat ... | 1984 | 6379875 |
| isolation of artemisinin (qinghaosu) from artemisia annua growing in the united states. | | 1984 | 6387056 |
| [studies on the constituents of qing-hao (artemisia annua l.) (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 7246159 |
| [studies on the constituents of artemisia annua l. (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 7246183 |
| antimalarial activity in vitro of cochlospermum tinctorium tubercle extracts. | resistance of plasmodium falciparum to current antimalarial compounds has drastically increased during the last few years and is now a major public health problem. we have studied plants traditionally used in africa against malaria. extracts of the tubercles of cochlospermum tinctorium a. rich, commonly used in burkina faso, were tested in vitro on 2 strains of p. falciparum, one (fcb1-colombia) chloroquine resistant and the other (f32-tanzania) chloroquine sensitive. extracts were obtained by i ... | 1995 | 7778154 |
| progress in the research of artemisinin-related antimalarials: an update. | artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from artemisia annua l., and a number of its semisynthetic derivatives have shown to possess antimalarial properties. they are all effective against plasmodium parasites that are resistant to the newest and commonly used antimalarial drugs. this article gives a survey of the literature dealing with artemisinin-related antimalarial issues that have appeared from the end of 1989 up to the beginning of 1994. a broad range of medical and pha ... | 1994 | 7951130 |
| cytotoxic terpenoids and flavonoids from artemisia annua. | the cytotoxic activity of nine terpenoids and flavonoids isolated from artemisia annua was tested in vitro on several human tumor cell lines. these compounds are artemisinin, deoxyartemisinin, artemisinic acid, arteannuin-b, stigmasterol, friedelin, friedelan-3 beta-ol, artemetin, and quercetagetin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether. friedelane-type triterpenoids were isolated for the first time from this plant. artemisinin and quercetagetin 6,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether showed significant cytotoxicity a ... | 1994 | 8134418 |
| [pharmacokinetics of dihydroqinghaosu in human volunteers and comparison with qinghaosu]. | qinghaosu (qhs), also known as artemisinin and arteannuin, is a novel type of sesquiterpene with a peroxide linkage isolated from the chinese herb artemisia annua l. since its discovery as an antimalarial with low toxicity, hundreds of derivatives have been synthesized among them artesunate (ats), artemether (atm) and dihydroqinghaosu (dhqhs) were found to be more active than qhs itself. a suppository of qhs, a dual-pack dosage form of ats (artesunic acid to be dissolved in sodium bicarbonate so ... | 1993 | 8237378 |
| [antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of artemisia annua l]. | the antipyretic, heat-resisting anti-inflammatory analgesic and bacteriostasis effects of water extracts ethyl-acetate and n-butyl alcohol extracts of artemisia annua are reported. animal experiment has demonstrated that qinghao acid is one of the actively bacteriostatic constituents. scopoletin is one of the anti-inflammatory constituents of artemisia annua. | 1993 | 8323686 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria. xlviii. the activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. part 1: studies leading to the development of novel cis-fused cyclopenteno derivatives. | the new chinese antimalarial blood schizontocide, artemisinin, derived from the plant artemisia annua, displays a high level of activity against polyresistant plasmodium falciparum. several synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes were examined in a search for compounds that exhibit a similar type of action against drug-resistant parasites. this paper, the first of a series, describes the examination of these trioxanes against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant malaria parasites in a rodent model, using artemis ... | 1993 | 8346987 |
| immunoquantitative analysis of artemisinin from artemisia annua using polyclonal antibodies. | artemisinin was derivatized to dihydroartemisinin carboxymethylether in three steps, without disturbing the peroxide bridge, and then linked to either thyroglobulin (tgb) or bovine serum albumin (bsa). the artemisinin-tgb and -bsa conjugates were injected in female new zealand rabbits but only the artemisinin-tgb conjugate generated polyclonal antibodies. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and the specificity of the antibodies was confirmed by comparison with pre-immune s ... | 1996 | 8588880 |
| cloning and analysis of a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from artemisia annua. | a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) synthase (fpps) has been cloned from a cdna library of artemisia annua. the sequence analysis showed that the cdna encoded a protein of 343 amino acid (aa) residues with a calculated molecular weight of 39420 kda. the deduced aa sequence of the cdna was highly similar to fpps from other plants, yeast and mammals, and contained the two conserved domains found in polyprenyl synthases including fpps, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases and hexaprenyl diph ... | 1996 | 8682304 |
| hairy root culture of artemisia annua l. by ri plasmid transformation and biosynthesis of artemisinin. | the hairy root culture system of the medical plant artemisia annua l. was established by infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes r1601. the transgenic state of transformed roots was confirmed by southern blot hybridization with tl-dna of pfw302. the expression of nptii gene was confirmed by enzymic assay. the important secondary metabolites-artemisinin was obtained in the hairy root culture. the effects of various physical and chemical factors on the growth of the hairy roots and production of a ... | 1995 | 8739100 |
| a high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of plasma artemisinin using a glassy carbon electrode for reductive electrochemical detection. | a high-performance liquid chromatography assay equipped with a glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection (hplc-ecd) was developed at reductive mode for the analysis of artemisinin, the antimalarial drug from artemisia annua (asteraceae) in human plasma. this method was selective, sensitive, and produced satisfactory recovery, precision, and accuracy. analysis of plasma samples from 8 male volunteers given 10 mg kg-1 of artemisinin orally as an aqueous suspension showed a mean peak pl ... | 1997 | 9063097 |
| effects of components of artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. | four experiments were run to test the anticoccidial activity of dried artemisia annua leaves and several of their chemical constituents for possible use as prophylactic feed additives. when fed over a period of 3 wk at a level of 5%, a dried leaf supplement of a. annua provided significant protection against lesions due to eimeria tenella but not eimeria acervulina or eimeria maxima. when fed over a period of 5 wk at a level of 1% to chicks undergoing immunization with a live vaccine, it provide ... | 1997 | 9251146 |
| antimalaric effect of an alcoholic extract of artemisia ludoviciana mexicana in a rodent malaria model. | chloroquine resistance of plasmodium falciparum first and of p. vivax more recently, stimulated the search for new antimalarics. chinese investigators have introduced new compounds obtained from extracts of artemisia annua which possess an antimalaric active principle different from those of the drugs in use. in mexico eight species of artemisia have been described and among them just a. ludoviciana has been empirically used in the treatment of intermittent fever. to know whether mexican artemis ... | 1997 | 9419840 |
| bitter-sweet solutions for malaria: exploring natural remedies from the past. | this paper explores "a wonderful cure" for malaria used successfully by robert talbor, an apothecary's apprentice in the english marshes, to treat essex smugglers and european royalty in the seventeenth century. the basis of this cure is identified as "quinquina" from the bark of the south american cinchona tree. the story of robert talbor and his secret remedy for malaria opens up a set of intriguing questions about the early history of "quinquina", the subsequent development of quinine, the us ... | 1998 | 9653734 |
| in vitro antiplasmodial activity of stem and root extracts of nauclea latifolia s.m. (rubiaceae). | aqueous extracts from nauclea latifolia s.m. (rubiaceae), a plant commonly used in ivory coast by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria, were tested on two strains of plasmodium faliparum: fcb1-colombia (chloroquine-resistant) and a nigerian strain (chloroquine-sensitive). the extracts were obtained from stems and roots of the plant in two forms, infusion and decoction, both methods used by most traditional healers. the in vitro activity of n. latifolia extracts on p. falciparum was a ... | 1998 | 9705007 |
| dietary modulation of avian coccidiosis. | during the past several years, our laboratory has been investigating the anticoccidial activities of various natural products that have potential use as dietary supplements for coccidiosis control. sources of fats containing high concentrations of n-3 fatty acids such as menhaden oil and flaxseed oil and flaxseed, when added to starter rations and fed to chicks from one day of age, effectively reduce lesions caused by the caecal parasite eimeria tenella, but not lesions caused by eimeria maxima. ... | 1998 | 9724884 |
| how chinese scientists discovered qinghaosu (artemisinin) and developed its derivatives? what are the future perspectives? | since the middle of this century and especially since the 1960s and 1970s. chinese scientists have put considerable effort and resources into the search for new antimalarial compounds extracted from chinese traditional herbs. archaeological findings indicate that qinghao (artemisia annua l.) has been used as a traditional remedy in china for over two thousand years. its antimalarial principle was finally isolated in 1971 and named artemisinin or qinghaosu (meaning the principle of qinghao in chi ... | 1998 | 10212890 |
| positioning, labelling and control of medical information: artesunate strategy and arsumax development story. | sanofi decided, some years ago, to help developing a molecule of a new type called artesunate, a semisynthetic derivative from qinghaosu, or artemisinine, a sesquiterpenic lactone extracted from the leaves of a world wide spread plant: artemisia annua. after having signed a secrecy agreement with a local pharmaceutical company in china manufacturing artesunate, sanofi started, in 1993, the assessment of all the data transmitted as well as the plant involved in the artesunate tablet manufacturing ... | 1998 | 10212905 |
| plants showing antiplasmodial activity--from crude extracts to isolated compounds. | the derivation of important antimalarial compounds started with the discovery of cinchona bark powder with wine. subsequently, post world war-i was a period of intensive work in maintaining such ethnobotanical records, in which the use of quinine has remained the drug of choice in malaria. after world war-ii new chemical techniques were used to fractionate and isolate, and also for structure determinations, which led to an ever increasing number of potential antiplasmodial compounds. recently ex ... | 1998 | 10448228 |
| the molecular cloning of 8-epicedrol synthase from artemisia annua. | a cdna library was prepared from artemisia annua, and a 129-bp fragment was amplified from this library using primers corresponding to sequences conserved in known dicot sesquiterpene synthases. a 1641-bp open reading frame that encoded a predicted protein 35-38% identical to dicot sesquiterpene synthases was cloned using this fragment as a hybridization probe. the gene product expressed in escherichia coli cyclized farnesyl diphosphate to a 96:4 mixture of (-)8-epicedrol and cedrol. neither ced ... | 1999 | 10486139 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of epi-cedrol synthase, a sesquiterpene cyclase from artemisia annua l. | sesquiterpene cyclases (synthases) catalyze the conversion of the isoprenoid intermediate farnesyl diphosphate to various sesquiterpene structural types. in plants, many sesquiterpenes are produced as defensive chemicals (phytoalexins) or mediators of chemical communication (i.e., pollinator attractants). a number of sesquiterpene synthases are present in artemisia annua l. (annual wormwood). we have isolated a cdna clone encoding one of these, epi-cedrol synthase. this clone contains a 1641-bp ... | 1999 | 10486140 |
| studies on dynamics of growth and biosynthesis of artemisinin in hairy roots of artemisia annua l. | seven hairy root lines with the properties of fast growth and high artemisinin contents were selected from 747 hairy roots induced by transformation of artemisia annua l. strain 025 with agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc15834. the differences of growth rates and artemisinin contents among the 7 selected hairy root lines were extremely significant, of which hr-9 gave the highest yield of artemisinin, reaching 33.25 mg/y.l. the differences of growth rates and artemisinin contents among hairy roots, un ... | 1998 | 10503642 |
| (3r)-linalool synthase from artemisia annua l.: cdna isolation, characterization, and wound induction. | artemisia annua is an annual herb used in traditional chinese medicine. a cdna library was constructed from leaves of a. annua seedlings and target sequences were amplified by pcr using degenerate primers derived from a consensus sequence of angiosperm terpene synthases. two clones, qh1 and qh5, with high sequence similarity to plant monoterpene synthases were ultimately obtained and expressed in escherichia coli. these cdnas encode peptides of 567 aa (65.7 kda) and 583 aa (67.4 kda), respective ... | 1999 | 10562427 |
| differential effects of orally versus parenterally administered qinghaosu derivative artemether in dogs. | artemether (am) is an antimalarial drug derived from artemisinin (qinghaosu), an extract of the herb artemisia annua l., sweet wormwood. its antiparasitic effect is that of a schizontocide and is explained by rapid uptake by parasitized erythrocytes and interaction with a component of hemoglobin degradation resulting in formation of free radicals. it has been shown to exhibit a high clinical cure rate. previous animal safety studies with qinghaosu derivatives revealed dose-dependent neurotoxicit ... | 1999 | 10661809 |
| preventive effect of artemether in experimental animals infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the effect of artemether, an antimalarial drug developed from the plant artemisia annua, has been tested against the larval stages of schistosoma mansoni covering the time from skin penetration to the early adult liver-stage. the results show that the experimental animals used (hamster and mice) do not develop schistosomiasis mansoni if treated with artemether during the first month after infection. the parasite was found to be especially susceptible between the 3rd and 4th week after infection, ... | 2000 | 10729713 |
| expression of a chimeric farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene in artemisia annua l. transgenic plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. | an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system was developed for artemisia annua l. using this system a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fds placed under a camv 35s promoter) was transferred into a. annua via a. tumefaciens strain lb4404. leaf or leaf discs were used as explants to be infected with a. tumefaciens and an optimal concentration of 20 mg/l kanamycin was applied to select kanamycin resistant shoots. forty-five lines of resistance kanamycin shoots transformed ... | 2000 | 10814821 |
| the regulation of solasodine production by agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots of solanum aviculare. | transgenic roots of solanum spp. containing extra copies of an hmgr gene derived from artemisia annua have been obtained via transformation with agrobacterium rhizogenes. hairy root clones of solanum aviculare which were transgenic for hmgr typically grew faster than those which did not contain extra copies of this gene and also accumulated up to 4.2 times more solasodine when grown under dark, but not light, conditions. the implications of these findings with respect to the regulation of solaso ... | 2000 | 10909266 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, a key enzyme of artemisinin biosynthesis in artemisia annua l. | in plants, sesquiterpenes of different structural types are biosynthesized from the isoprenoid intermediate farnesyl diphosphate. the initial reaction of the biosynthesis is catalyzed by sesquiterpene cyclases (synthases). in artemisia annua l. (annual wormwood), a number of such sesquiterpene cyclases are active. we have isolated a cdna clone encoding one of these, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, a putative key enzyme of artemisinin biosynthesis. this clone contains a 1641-bp open reading frame co ... | 2000 | 11032404 |
| amorpha-4,11-diene synthase of artemisia annua: cdna isolation and bacterial expression of a terpene synthase involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. | artemisia annua, an indigenous plant to korea, contains an antimalarial sesquiterpene, artemisinin. the first committed step of artemisinin biosynthesis is the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate by a sesquiterpene synthase to produce an amorphane-type ring system. the aims of this research were to molecularly clone and express amorpha-4,11-diene synthase for metabolic engineering. pcr amplification of genomic dna with a pair of primers, designed from the conserved regions of sesquiterpene synth ... | 2000 | 11185551 |
| the anti-malarial artesunate is also active against cancer. | artesunate (art) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, the active principle of the chinese herb artemisia annua. art reveals remarkable activity against otherwise multidrug-resistant plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax malaria. art has now been analyzed for its anti-cancer activity against 55 cell lines of the developmental therapeutics program of the national cancer institute, usa. art was most active against leukemia and colon cancer cell lines (mean gi50 values: 1.11+/-0.56 microm and ... | 2001 | 11251172 |
| screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against eimeria tenella. | ionophorous antibiotics have been popularly used in the treatment of avian coccidiosis. tissue residue of these antibiotics may be found in poultry, we have sought safe alternative anticoccidial herbal materials for the control of avian coccidiosis. efficacy of extracts from 15 different herbs, including bupleurum chinese dc, sophora flavescens aiton, and artemisia annua linne was tested against eimeria tenella. one-day-old broiler chicks were infected with a usda reference book of e. tenella, a ... | 2001 | 11267752 |
| amorpha-4,11-diene synthase: cloning and functional expression of a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the novel antimalarial drug artemisinin. | the sesquiterpenoid artemisinin, isolated these from the plant artemisia annua l., and its semi-synthetic derivatives are a new and very effective group of antimalarial drugs. a branch point in the biosynthesis of this compound is the cyclisation of the ubiquitous precursor farnesyl diphosphate into the first specific precursor of artemisinin, namely amorpha-4,11-diene. here we describe the isolation of a cdna clone encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibits t ... | 2001 | 11289612 |
| antifungal activity of artemisia annua endophyte cultures against phytopathogenic fungi. | artemisia annua, well recognized for its production of antimalarial drug artemisinin, is seldom attacked by any of phytopathogenic fungi, which could be partially associated with the presence of endophytes. present investigation is aiming at disclosing whether the endophytes inside a. annua produce antifungal substances. a total of 39 endophytes were isolated and fermented, and the ferment broth was evaluated in vitro for the antifungal activity against crop-threatening fungi gaeumannomyces gram ... | 2001 | 11434973 |
| effects of ipt gene expression on the physiological and chemical characteristics of artemisia annua l. | an isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt) from t-dna was transferred into artemisia annua l. via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the ipt gene was placed in a binary vector under the control of the camv 35s promoter. leaf explants were infected with a. tumefaciens lba4404 containing pbiipt to induce the buds. nineteen shoot lines were selected, which were resistant to kanamycin. polymerase chain reactions and southern blotting confirmed that at least five shoot lines contained the foreign gene. the result ... | 2001 | 11448744 |
| antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. | the antioxidant capacities (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, orac) and total phenolic contents in extracts of 27 culinary herbs and 12 medicinal herbs were determined. the orac values and total phenolic contents for the medicinal herbs ranged from 1.88 to 22.30 micromol of trolox equivalents (te)/g of fresh weight and 0.23 to 2.85 mg of gallic acid equivalents (gae)/g of fresh weight, respectively. origanum x majoricum, o. vulgare ssp. hirtum, and poliomintha longiflora have higher orac and p ... | 2001 | 11714298 |
| antiulcerogenic activity of crude ethanol extract and some fractions obtained from aerial parts of artemisia annua l. | the resulting enriched sesquiterpene lactone fraction and the crude ethanol extract of artemisia annua l. aerial parts, showed antiulcerogenic activity when administered orally, on the indomethacin induced ulcer in rats. the sesquiterpene lactone fraction yielded three different polarity fractions on column chromatography as follows: non-polar, medium polarity and polar fraction, when submitted to the same indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats they resulted in different levels of inhibition of the ... | 2001 | 11746858 |
| in vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of mammals and has been associated with abortion in cattle worldwide. artemisinin is an effective antimalarial compound derived from a traditional chinese herbal remedy, qinghao or artemisia annua l. in the study reported, the cultured host cells (vero cells or mouse peritoneal macrophages) infected with n. caninum tachyzoites were incubated with alpha-mem (minimal essential medium) 10%hs supplemented with vario ... | 2002 | 11751000 |
| antiparasitic properties of medicinal plants and other naturally occurring products. | parasitic diseases remain a major public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people, particularly in tropical developing countries. the limited availability and affordability of pharmaceutical medicines means that the majority of the world's population depends on traditional medical remedies, and it is estimated that some 20,000 species of higher plant are used medicinally throughout the world. many well-known drugs listed in the modern pharmacopoeia have their origins in nature, in ... | 2001 | 11757332 |
| structure-activity relationships of the antimalarial agent artemisinin. 6. the development of predictive in vitro potency models using comfa and hqsar methodologies. | artemisinin (1) is a unique sesquiterpene peroxide occurring as a constituent of artemisia annua l. because of the effectiveness of artemisinin in the treatment of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum and its rapid clearance of cerebral malaria, development of clinically useful semisynthetic drugs for severe and complicated malaria (artemether, artesunate) was prompt. however, recent reports of fatal neurotoxicity in animals with dihydroartemisinin derivatives such as artemether have spawned a r ... | 2002 | 11784134 |
| demonstrating the validity of natural products as anti-infective drugs. | this presentation reviews the synthetic or classical development pathway of drug development and contrasts it with developing natural products as drugs. also presented is an example of a traditional medicine that has been developed from a natural product and has become a "new/old" antiparasitic drug used in the treatment of malaria. the classic paradigm of synthetic drug development breaks down into drug discovery, drug design, preclinical studies, and clinical studies. this paradigm, constructe ... | 2001 | 11822638 |
| simple and rapid physico-chemical methods to examine action of antimalarial drugs with hemin: its application to artemisia annua constituents. | malaria is a major health problem in many countries and according to an estimate of the who, more than 500 million infections occur per year. artemisinin, a sesquiterpene from artemisia annua l., has received considerable attention as a promising and potent antimalarial drug for its stage speciticity, its rather low toxicity, effectiveness against drug-resistant plasmodium species and activity against cerebral malaria. from recent studies it seems that hemin is primarily involved in the antimala ... | 2002 | 11833740 |
| antiulcerogenic activity of some sesquiterpene lactones isolated from artemisia annua. | artemisinin 1, dihydro-epideoxyarteannuin b 2 and deoxyartemisinin 3 were isolated from the sequiterpene lactone-enriched fraction obtained from the crude ethanolic extract of artemisia annua l. these compounds were tested on ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. compound 1 did not afford cytoprotection under the experimental models tested. only compounds 2 and 3 decreased the ulcerative lesion index produced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats. these compounds did not demonstrate antiu ... | 2002 | 12094294 |
| molecular docking and 3-d-qsar studies on the possible antimalarial mechanism of artemisinin analogues. | artemisinin (qinghaosu) is a natural constituent found in artemisia annua l, which is an effective drug against chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum strains and cerebral malaria. the antimalarial activities of artemisinin and its analogues appear to be mediated by the interactions of the drugs with hemin. in order to understand the antimalarial mechanism and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and the antimalarial activities of artemisinin analogues, we performed molec ... | 2002 | 12110308 |
| fusion of farnesyldiphosphate synthase and epi-aristolochene synthase, a sesquiterpene cyclase involved in capsidiol biosynthesis in nicotiana tabacum. | a clone encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fpps) was obtained by pcr from a cdna library made from young leaves of artemisia annua. a cdna clone encoding the tobacco epi-aristolochene synthase (eas) was kindly supplied by j. chappell (university of kentucky, lexington, ky, usa). two fusions were constructed, i.e. fpps/eas and eas/fpps. the stop codon of the n-terminal enzyme was removed and replaced by a short peptide (gly-ser-gly) to introduce a linker between the two orfs. these two fusio ... | 2002 | 12135497 |
| [artemisinine and artesunate in the treatment of malaria in vietnam (1984-1999)]. | the long history of the use of artemisia annua l. to treat malaria (called quinghao in china and thanh hao in vietnam) has led vietnamese scientists to manufacture locally preparations of artemisinine and artesunate, to test their tolerance for human beings as well as their efficiency in treating p. falciparum and p. vivax infections. associating these drugs with antibiotics (such as tetracycline or doxycycline) could be an interesting topic for future research. under the auspices of the nationa ... | 2002 | 12145966 |
| [experimental study on antiendotoxin effect of extracts from artemisia annua l]. | to explore the antiendotoxin effect of extracts from artemisia annua (aa) and qinghaosu (qhs). | 1999 | 12242801 |
| antibacterial and antioxidant activities of artemisia annua essential oil. | the essential oil of artemisia annua aerial parts, consisting of camphor (44%), germacrene d (16%), trans-pinocarveol (11%), beta-selinene (9%), beta-caryophyllene (9%) and artemisia ketone (3%), was screened for its antimicrobial activity. the essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested gram-positive bacteria enterococcus hirae and both tested fungi. this oil has shown an antioxidant activity equivalent to 18% of the reference compound (alpha-tocopherol). | 2002 | 12385883 |
| a cdna clone for beta-caryophyllene synthase from artemisia annua. | an homology-based cloning strategy yielded a full-length cdna from artemisia annua that encoded a protein of 60.3 kda which resembled a sesquiterpene synthase in sequence. heterologous expression of the gene in escherichia coli provided a soluble recombinant enzyme capable of catalyzing the divalent metal ion-dependent conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to beta-caryophyllene, a sesquiterpene olefin found in the essential oil of a. annua. in reaction parameters and kinetic properties, beta-caryop ... | 2002 | 12409018 |
| activity against plasmodium falciparum of cycloperoxide compounds obtained from the sponge plakortis simplex. | there is an urgent need to discover new antimalarials, due to the spread of chloroquine resistance and the limited number of available drugs. in the last few years, artemisinin, the endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone derived from artemisia annua, and its derivatives proved to be very active against plasmodium falciparum. these compounds are characterized by an endoperoxide pharmacophore that is critical for their antimalarial activity. there are several reports, from our group and others, that m ... | 2002 | 12461008 |
| two flavonols from artemisa annua which potentiate the activity of berberine and norfloxacin against a resistant strain of staphylococcus aureus. | bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of artemisia annua l. (asteraceae) was conducted in order to assess the possible presence in the plant material of inhibitors of bacterial multidrug resistance pumps. fractions were tested for staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition in the presence of a subinhibitory dose of the weak antibacterial alkaloid berberine. active fractions yielded the flavones chrysosplenol-d and chrysoplenetin, which themselves had very weak growth inhibitory action, but wh ... | 2002 | 12494348 |
| plants against malaria, part 2: artemisia annua (qinghaosu or the sweet wormwood). | | 2002 | 12549510 |
| adhesion of plant roots to poly-l-lysine coated polypropylene substrates. | the ability to immobilize plant tissue in a bioreactor is an important process tool. we have shown that roots of several species rapidly attach to poly-l-lysine coated polypropylene mesh in a liquid environment. using transformed roots of artemisia annua as a model, the attachment process was found to be enhanced by sheep serum, but not bsa and inhibited by excess mn(2+), but unaffected by ca(2+) or mg(2+). attempts to characterize the molecule(s) responsible for binding using lectins and antibo ... | 2003 | 12568743 |
| artemisinin, a novel antimalarial drug: biochemical and molecular approaches for enhanced production. | artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone containing an endoperoxide bridge, has been isolated from the aerial parts of artemisia annua l. plants. it is effective against both drug-resistant and cerebral malaria-causing strains of plasmodium falciparum. the relatively low yield (0.01-0.8 %) of artemisinin in a. annua is a serious limitation to the commercialization of the drug. therefore, the enhanced production of artemisinin either in cell/tissue culture or in the whole plant of a. annua is highly ... | 2003 | 12709893 |
| artemisinins target the serca of plasmodium falciparum. | artemisinins are extracted from sweet wormwood (artemisia annua) and are the most potent antimalarials available, rapidly killing all asexual stages of plasmodium falciparum. artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones widely used to treat multidrug-resistant malaria, a disease that annually claims 1 million lives. despite extensive clinical and laboratory experience their molecular target is not yet identified. activated artemisinins form adducts with a variety of biological macromolecules, includi ... | 2003 | 12931192 |
| central properties of the essential oil and the crude ethanol extract from aerial parts of artemisia annua l. | the present study evaluated the central activity of the essential oil and the ethanolic extract from artemisia annua l. in animals as a part of a psychopharmacological screening of this plant. the extract was prepared with fresh leaves in ethanol (aee) and the essential oil (aeo) was obtained by hidrodestilation. the ed(50) and the ld(50) obtained for the essential oil were 470mg/kg (correlation coefficient r=0.97333 and linear regression y=-26.52x+0.158) and 790mg/kg, and for the extract, 450mg ... | 2003 | 12967596 |
| postsynaptic dopamine (d(2))-mediated behavioural effects of high acute doses of artemisinin in rodents. | artemisinin or qinghaosu is the active principle of quinghao (artemisia annua l.) developed from chinese traditional medicine, which is now widely used around the world against falciparum malaria. behavioural effects of high acute doses of artemisinin were studied on spontaneous motor activity (sma), exploratory behavior, apomorphine-induced stereotype behavior and pentobarbital sleeping time in mice and rats in order to provide additional evidence on its safety profile on the central nervous sy ... | 2003 | 14698358 |
| prediction of anti-plasmodial activity of artemisia annua extracts: application of 1h nmr spectroscopy and chemometrics. | we describe the application of 1h nmr spectroscopy and chemometrics to the analysis of extracts of artemisia annua. this approach allowed the discrimination of samples from different sources, and to classify them according to anti-plasmodial activity without prior knowledge of this activity. the use of partial least squares analysis allowed the prediction of actual values for anti-plasmodial activities for independent samples not used in producing the models. the models were constructed using ap ... | 2004 | 15030886 |
| inhibitory effects of artesunate on angiogenesis and on expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and vegf receptor kdr/flk-1. | artesunate (art) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin extracted from the plant artemisia annua is a safe and effective antimalarial drug. in the present investigation, art was found also to inhibit angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. the anti-angiogenic effect in vivo was evaluated in nude mice by means of human ovarian cancer ho-8910 implantation and immunohistochemical stainings for microvessel (cd(31)), vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and vegf receptor kdr/flk-1. tumor growt ... | 2004 | 15051917 |
| studies on the effects of fpf1 gene on artemisia annua flowering time and on the linkage between flowering and artemisinin biosynthesis. | the flowering promoting factor1 ( fpf1) from arabidopsis thaliana was transferred into artemisia annua l. via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the fpf1 gene was firstly inserted in the binary vector pbi121 under the control of camv 35s promoter to construct the plant expression vector pbifpf1, then leaf explants of a. annua were infected with a. tumefaciens lba4404 containing pbifpf1, and induced shoots. transgenic plants were obtained through the selection with kanamycin. pcr, pcr-southern and southe ... | 2004 | 15095151 |
| recent advances in artemisinin and its derivatives as antimalarial and antitumor agents. | artemisinin, the first and last naturally occurring 1, 2, 4-trioxane originated from artemisia annua, l. and its derivatives are a potent class of antimalarial drugs. the clinical efficacy of these drugs is characterized by an almost immediate onset and rapid reduction of parasitemia, and it is high in such areas as well where multidrug-resistance is rampant. furthermore, artemisinin and many of its analog possess not only antiparasitic effect against plasmodium falciparum, schistosoma japonicum ... | 2004 | 15134519 |
| artesunate reduces chicken chorioallantoic membrane neovascularisation and exhibits antiangiogenic and apoptotic activity on human microvascular dermal endothelial cell. | artesunate (art), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin extracted from the chinese herb artemisia annua, is a safe and effective antimalarial drug. art has now been analyzed for its anti-angiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. the anti-angiogenic effect in vivo was evaluated on chicken chorioallantoic membrane (cam) neovascularisation model. art started to significantly inhibit cam angiogenesis at a low concentration of 10 nm/100 microl/egg, and completely inhibited the angiogenesis at 80 ... | 2004 | 15219940 |
| immunosuppressive activity of a molecule isolated from artemisia annua on dth responses compared with cyclosporin a. | artemisia belongs to the family of compositea; there are different artemisias in iran, of which artemisia annua l. is grown in the north of iran. in this study, artemisinin was extracted and purified from the whole plants. the purification of artemisinin was performed using column chromatography in different polarities of solvents and the results were evaluated by thin layer chromatography (tlc). (1)h-nmr (nmr-500) spectroscopy was used to characterize the purified artemisinin. the immunosuppres ... | 2004 | 15313428 |
| artemisinin induces apoptosis in human cancer cells. | artemisinin is a chemical compound extracted from the wormwood plant, artemisia annua l. it has been shown to selectively kill cancer cells in vitro and retard the growth of implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in rats. in the present research, we investigated its mechanism of cytotoxicity to cancer cells. | 2004 | 15330172 |
| apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by artesunate. | artesunate (art), a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin isolated from the traditional chinese herb artemisia annua, is an effective novel antimalarial drug. the present study investigated the apoptotic activity of artesunate in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (huvec) by means of nuclear staining, dna agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. the observations also indicated that artesunate induced apoptosis of huvec in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner ... | 2004 | 15653096 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from artemisia annua l. | a cdna clone encoding amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from artemisia annua was subcloned into a bacterial expression vector in frame with a his6-tag. recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase was produced in escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme showed ph optimum at ph 6.5, and a minimum at ph 7.5. substantial activity was observed in the presence of mg2+, mn2+ or co2+ as cofactor. the enzyme exhibits a low activity in the presence of ni2+ and essentially no activity with c ... | 2005 | 15797234 |
| [review of the use of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of malaria]. | this article reviews the development of the artemisinins used in the treatment of drug-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria. the story starts in china with artemisia annua l., a plant that was traditionally used as an antipyretic. the activity of annual wormwood can be explained by the presence of the active substance artemisinin. soon, artemether, artemotil, artenimol, artesunate and sodium artesunate, derivatives of artemisinin, have been developed. each has its own physical and pharmaceuti ... | 2005 | 15828489 |
| cloning and expression of a farnesyl diphosphate synthase in centella asiatica (l.) urban. | a cdna encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps; ec2.5.1.1/ec2.5.1.10) was isolated from centella asiacita (l.) urban, using degenerate primers based on two highly conserved domains. a full-length cdna clone was subsequently isolated by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the sequence of the cafps (c. asiatica farnesyl diphosphate synthase) cdna contains an open reading frame of 1029 nucleotides encoding 343 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39.6 kda. the deduced cafps amino acid ... | 2005 | 15879717 |
| expression, purification and characterization of recombinant (e)-beta-farnesene synthase from artemisia annua. | a cdna clone (genbank accession no. ay835398) encoding a sesquiterpene synthase, (e)-beta-farnesene synthase, has been isolated from artemisia annua l. it contains a 1746-bp open reading frame coding for 574 amino acids (66.9 kda) with a calculated pi=5.03. the deduced amino acid sequence is 30-50% identical with sequences of other sesquiterpene synthases from angiosperms. the recombinant enzyme, produced in escherichia coli, catalyzed the formation of a single product, beta-farnesene, from farn ... | 2005 | 15896363 |
| [advances in molecular regulation of artemisinin biosynthesis]. | artemisinin, a new and a very potent antimalarial drug, is produced by the chinese medicinal herb artemisia annua l. it is a sesquiterpene lactone with an endoperoxide bridge and is active against chloroquine resistant forms of plasmodium falciparum. the relatively low yield (0.01% - 0.6%) of artemisinin in a. annua is a serious limitation to the commercialization of the drug. therefore, a through understanding of the biosynthetic pathway and the characterization of the involved enzymes are impo ... | 2003 | 15971573 |
| amorpha-4,11-diene synthase: mechanism and stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate. | recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from artemisia annua, expressed in escherichia coli, was incubated with the deuterium-labeled farnesyl diphosphates, (1r)-[1-(2)h]fpp, (1s)-[1-(2)h]fpp, and [1,1-(2)h2]fpp. gc-ms analysis of amorpha-4,11-diene formed from the deuterated fpps shows that the deuterium atoms are retained in the product. furthermore, analysis of the ms-spectra obtained with the differently labeled substrate indicates that the h-1si-proton of fpp is transferred during the cycli ... | 2006 | 16143293 |
| yeast model uncovers dual roles of mitochondria in action of artemisinin. | artemisinins, derived from the wormwood herb artemisia annua, are the most potent antimalarial drugs currently available. despite extensive research, the exact mode of action of artemisinins has not been established. here we use yeast, saccharamyces cerevisiae, to probe the core working mechanism of this class of antimalarial agents. we demonstrate that artemisinin's inhibitory effect is mediated by disrupting the normal function of mitochondria through depolarizing their membrane potential. mor ... | 2005 | 16170412 |
| artesunate in the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma--first experiences. | artesunate (art) is a derivative of artemisinin, the active principle of the chinese herb artemisia annua l. artesunate is approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant malaria and has an excellent safety profile. it has been shown that artesunate, apart from its anti-malarial activity, has cytotoxic effects on a number of human cancer cell lines, including leukemia, colon cancer and melanoma. we report on the first long-term treatment of two cancer patients with art in combination with stan ... | 2005 | 16273263 |
| synergistic cytotoxicity of artemisinin and sodium butyrate on human cancer cells. | butyric acid is a short chain fatty acid produced by large bowel bacterial flora. it serves as an antiinflammatory agent and nutrient for normal colon cells. butyric acid has also been shown to induce apoptosis in colon and many other cancer cells. artemisinin is a compound extracted from the wormwood artemisia annua l. it has been shown to selectively kill cancer cells in vitro and to be effective in treating animal and human cancer. we and others have found that the artemisinin analog, dihydro ... | 2005 | 16309236 |
| oral artemisinin prevents and delays the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced breast cancer in the rat. | artemisinin, a compound isolated from the sweet wormwood artemisia annua l., has previously been shown to have selective toxicity towards cancer cells in vitro. in the present experiment, we studied the potential of artemisinin to prevent breast cancer development in rats treated with a single oral dose (50mg/kg) of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba), known to induce multiple breast tumors. starting from the day immediately after dmba treatment, one group of rats was provided with a powdered ... | 2006 | 16356830 |
| artemisia annua l. (asteraceae) trichome-specific cdnas reveal cyp71av1, a cytochrome p450 with a key role in the biosynthesis of the antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin. | artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from the plant artemisia annua, forms the basis of the most important treatments of malaria in use today. in an effort to elucidate the biosynthesis of artemisinin, an expressed sequence tag approach to identifying the relevant biosynthetic genes was undertaken using isolated glandular trichomes as a source of mrna. a cdna clone encoding a cytochrome p450 designated cyp71av1 was characterized by expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae and ... | 2006 | 16458889 |
| targeting angiogenesis with integrative cancer therapies. | an integrative approach for managing a patient with cancer should target the multiple biochemical and physiological pathways that support tumor development while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. angiogenesis is a key process in the promotion of cancer. many natural health products that inhibit angiogenesis also manifest other anticancer activities. the authors will focus on natural health products (nhps) that have a high degree of antiangiogenic activity but also describe some of their many ot ... | 2006 | 16484711 |
| simultaneous analysis of artemisinin and flavonoids of several extracts of artemisia annua l. obtained from a commercial sample and a selected cultivar. | artemisia annua l. (qinghao) is a promising and potent antimalarial herbal drug. this activity has been ascribed to its component artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone that is very effective against drug-resistant plasmodium species with a low toxicity. our studies indicate that several flavonoids of a. annua can promote and enhance the reaction of artemisinin with hemin. these data are in good agreement with previous investigations on the in vitro potentiation of antimalarial activity of artemis ... | 2006 | 16488585 |
| isoprenoid biosynthesis in artemisia annua: cloning and heterologous expression of a germacrene a synthase from a glandular trichome cdna library. | artemisia annua (asteraceae) is the source of the anti-malarial compound artemisinin. to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway and to isolate and characterize genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids including artemisinin in a. annua, glandular trichomes were used as an enriched source for biochemical and molecular biological studies. the sequencing of 900 randomly selected clones from a glandular trichome plasmid cdna library revealed the presence of many ests involved in isoprenoid biosyn ... | 2006 | 16579958 |
| production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast. | malaria is a global health problem that threatens 300-500 million people and kills more than one million people annually. disease control is hampered by the occurrence of multi-drug-resistant strains of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. synthetic antimalarial drugs and malarial vaccines are currently being developed, but their efficacy against malaria awaits rigorous clinical testing. artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide extracted from artemisia annua l (family asteraceae; ... | 2006 | 16612385 |
| production of the artemisinin precursor amorpha-4,11-diene by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the gene encoding for amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from artemisia annua was transformed into yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae in two fundamentally different ways. first, the gene was subcloned into the galactose-inducible, high-copy number yeast expression vector pyedp60 and used to transform the saccharomyces cerevisiae strain cen.pk113-5d. secondly, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene, regulated by the same promoter, was introduced into the yeast genome by homologous recombination. in protein extrac ... | 2006 | 16614895 |
| absolute configuration of new cytotoxic and other bioactive trichothecene macrolides. | three new cytotoxic 10,13-cyclotrichothecane-derived macrolides, myrothecines a-c (1-3), were characterized from the extracts of two myrothecium roridum strains, ifb-e009 and ifb-e012, isolated as endophytic fungi found on the traditional chinese medicinal plants trachelospermum jasminoides and artemisia annua, respectively. the absolute configuration of myrothecines a-c was elucidated by a combination of spectral techniques (uv, ir, ms, circular dichroism (cd), (1)h and (13)c nmr, dept, (1)h-(1 ... | 2006 | 16673428 |
| artemisinin: current state and perspectives for biotechnological production of an antimalarial drug. | artemisinin isolated from the aerial parts of artemisia annua l. is a promising and potent antimalarial drug which has a remarkable activity against chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of plasmodium falciparum, and is useful in treatment of cerebral malaria. because the low content (0.01-1 %) of artemisinin in a. annua is a limitation to the commercial production of the drug, many research groups have been focusing their researches on enhancing the production of artemisinin i ... | 2006 | 16773335 |
| dihydroarteannuin ameliorates lupus symptom of bxsb mice by inhibiting production of tnf-alpha and blocking the signaling pathway nf-kappa b translocation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action of dihydroarteannuin (dha), a semi-synthesized agent from the starting material artemisinin extracted from the chinese traditional herbs artemisia annua, on ameliorating the symptoms of lupus on bxsb mice. the concentration of tnf-alpha in the culture supernatant of the peritoneal macrophages and in the sera of bxsb mice was determined by the elisa method. nf-kappab protein expression and translocation were assayed by the emsa met ... | 2006 | 16782536 |