| filarial infection of equidae in the tehran area of iran. | microfilariae of three genera, namely elaeophora böhmi, onchocerca cervicalis and parafilaria multipapillosa were recovered from blood samples of equidae in tehran, iran. these microfilarial infections in equidae are reported for the first time from iran. | 1977 | 143741 |
| bovine and equine onchocerciasis in eastern north america with a discussion on cuticular morphology of onchocerca spp. in cattle. | skin sections and/or the ligamentum nuchae and ligamentum gastrolienale were examined from twelve bovine carcasses obtained from southern and eastern ontario and from quebec. of these, seven were shown to be infected with onchocerca gutturosa and/or onchocerca lienalis. the morphology of the adult female cuticle is discussed. skin sections from 43 equine carcasses from a slaughter house in grenville, quebec were examined and microfilariae of onchocerca sp. were recovered from 32 (74%). there are ... | 1979 | 487249 |
| laboratory transmission of onchocerca cervicalis with culicoides variipennis. | | 1978 | 626281 |
| [description of the infective stage of onchocerca cervicalis r. et h., 1910 ]. | | 1978 | 697294 |
| survey for infection with onchocerca cervicalis in horses in eastern united states. | this survey was performed to study the prevalence of infection with onchocerca cervicalis in horses in the eastern united states. in the course of the survey, 121 horses, 1 mule and 1 donkey were examined. microfilariae were recovered from 74 (61%) of the horses examined. all infected horses showed microfilariae of o cervicalis in the umbilical sample, 62 (84%) were infected in the eyelid and, in 36 (49%), microfilariae had invaded the eye. the mule was unifected and the donkey was infected with ... | 1978 | 749580 |
| [onchocerca cervicalis infection in quebec: clinical signs and diagnostic methods]. | | 1977 | 861924 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910: v. the development of onchocerca cervicalis larvae in the vectors. | colonies of culicoides nubeculosus and c; variipennis were established at winches farm field station, st. abans. both species of midge were found to be susceptible to infection with onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. infection was achieved either by engorging through a chick skin membrane on a suspension of microfilariae in blood, or by feeding upon a horse naturally infected with o. cervicalis microfilariae. a large proportion of the microfilariae ingested by the midges penetrated into the ha ... | 1975 | 1127216 |
| onchocerca cervicalis infection in horses from the western united states. | in a study of onchocerca cervicalis infection in a sample of 100 horses from the western united states, 48 were infected. infection was more common in older horses and occurred in both sexes equally. data about the distribution and the concentration of microfilariae within the skin are presented. the only cutaneous pathologic change that could be attributed to microfilariae was minimal perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrate. invasion of the eye with microfilariae occurred in 60 percent of the ... | 1975 | 1147344 |
| [preliminary studies on the incidence of filaziae in equidae in the netherlands (author's transl)]. | biopsies of the skin of the umbilical area were taken from ninety-nine horses and one donkey, all reared in the netherlands. the biopsy specimens were examined for the presence of microfilariae by a recovery procedure. microfilariae were identified in eight horses. these were microfilariae of the species onchocerca cervicalis in each case. | 1975 | 1154357 |
| controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic vet 220-s alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog vet 220-s given alone or with trichlorfon (tcf) by nasogastric intubation. six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given tcf (40 mg/kg); 6 were given vet 220-s (2.5 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg). all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. draschia megastoma, ... | 1991 | 2053725 |
| hydrogen peroxide is the most toxic oxygen species for onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. | the toxicity of the active oxygen species hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen to microfilariae (mf) has been studied in vitro, using active oxygen-generating systems and scavengers/inhibitors. mf viability was monitored by uptake of the radiolabel, [3h]2-deoxy-d-glucose. hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen, but not superoxide radical or hydroxyl radical, are toxic for mf. hydrogen peroxide was toxic for mf within 2 h at concentrations as low as 5 microm, a ... | 1990 | 2163503 |
| antigenic and dynamic properties of the surface of onchocerca microfilariae. | we analyzed the antigenicity and stability of the surface of skin microfilariae (mf) of onchocerca cervicalis, a horse parasite. these mf express antigens on their surface that are cross-reactive with the cattle parasite o. lienalis and with the human parasite o. volvulus. the surface of living o. cervicalis mf was radioiodinated using iodogen and the labeled components were solubilized in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds), or extracted with the milder detergent octyl-beta-d-gluco ... | 1990 | 2200104 |
| body size of culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in relation to bloodmeal size estimates and the ingestion of onchocerca cervicalis (nematoda: filarioidea) microfiliariae. | | 1989 | 2708982 |
| cloning and characterization of an onchocerca volvulus specific dna sequence. | a cloned sequence, povs134, was isolated from a genomic library prepared from onchocerca volvulus of savanna origin in the plasmid puc9. povs134 hybridizes to all the geographic isolates of o. volvulus tested from both the new and the old world, but not to the species onchocerca gibsoni, onchocerca gutturosa, onchocerca ochengi, onchocerca cervicalis, the filarial parasites brugia malayi, or dirofilaria immitis, nor to human or simuliid dna. as little as 250 pg of dna can be detected on a dot bl ... | 1989 | 2811941 |
| onchocerca cervicalis in horses: dermal histopathology. | a histopathological study of ventral midline skin from midwestern u.s. horses with and without onchocerciasis due to onchocerca cervicalis found perivascular mononuclear dermatitis as the most consistent difference between the two groups. seasonal variation in parasite numbers or cellular influxes was not observed. eosinophilic dermatitis was observed in horses with onchocerciasis and dermatitides of unknown etiology. | 1985 | 2859751 |
| an in vitro radiolabel uptake viability assay for onchocerca microfilariae. | a radiolabel uptake viability assay for onchocerca cervicalis using [3h]2-deoxy-d-glucose in hanks' balanced salt solution, ph 7.5, at 30 c is described and compared to the traditional visual motility assay. a correlation of r = 0.92 between the assays was found, with the radiolabel uptake method apparently a more sensitive indicator of microfilarial viability. | 1989 | 2918434 |
| factors influencing the ingestion of onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae by culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | culicoides variipennis were fed under controlled conditions on two ponies that exhibited seasonal changes in onchocerca cervicalis microfilarial (mf) skin density and skin distribution. the seasonal changes did not radically affect mf ingestion. flies were fed on the umbilicus of infected ponies by two methods: individual feeding in consecutive order at the same site, or by mass feeding. linear regression analysis indicated that ingestion of microfilaria was independent of feeding time and engor ... | 1988 | 3199113 |
| efficacy of ivermectin in paste and injectable formulations against microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis and resolution of associated dermatitis in horses. | the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), in injectable or paste formulations, against microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis and associated skin lesions was evaluated in 20 naturally infected horses during midsummer months in louisiana. all horses had clinical signs of dermatitis of the ventral midline and/or limbs, shoulders, thorax, and withers. efficacy was monitored at 21, 42, and 63 days after treatment. procedures done at these intervals included microfilarial counts of 6-m ... | 1988 | 3223664 |
| equine ocular pathology ascribed to onchocerca cervicalis infection: a re-examination. | eyes from 292 old (15-20 years) horses originating in the eastern, southeastern and midwestern united states were examined for the presence of onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae (mf) and concurrently for anterior and posterior segment ocular pathological changes. one-hundred-fifty-three animals (52.4%) were positive for dermal mf (range 0.03-5,364/mg). of these, 60 animals had anterior segment changes. an additional 58 animals with pathological changes had no dermal mf. mf were recovered from t ... | 1987 | 3502032 |
| invasion of the mouse eye by onchocerca microfilariae. | onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae (mf) were injected s.c. into the scalp between the eyes of cba/h mice. invasion was followed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and h & e stained serial sections at varying times post infection. the first mf observed were found 24 hr p.i. on the corneal surface in tear fluid. at 48 hr mf were observed actively swimming in the anterior chamber and by 3 d in the corneal stroma. histologically mf appeared in orbital muscle connective tissue, subcutaneously in the eyebrow ... | 1986 | 3563315 |
| seasonal changes in density and tissue distribution of onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae in ponies and related changes in culicoides variipennis populations in louisiana. | seasonal changes in density and spatial distribution of onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae were studied in ventral-midline skin of 15 infected pony mares in southern louisiana. triple running mean analysis of data over a 13-mo period indicated that a distinct pattern exists in total microfilariae population density and in microfilariae occurrence in different levels of the dermis. microfilariae density reaches peak levels in the spring followed by a 58% decrease in the summer, a 19% increase in ... | 1987 | 3585627 |
| treatment of equine onchocerciasis with ivermectin paste. | a single oral dose of ivermectin paste was administered to 12 horses with dermatitis and clinical signs typical of onchocerciasis. two of the horses also had lesions of queensland itch. microfilarias of onchocerca cervicalis were identified in fresh, macerated, skin biopsies from the neck, brisket or umbilical regions of all horses and microfilarias of o. gutturosa from the neck of 2. eight of the horses developed skin reactions 4 to 24 h after the administration of the ivermectin, notably weals ... | 1986 | 3755903 |
| prevalence of equine onchocerciasis in southeastern and midwestern united states. | of 664 horses reported to have originated in southeastern and midwestern united states, 341 (51.4%) were positive for onchocerca cervicalis cutaneous microfilariasis. the highest prevalence of 68.8% was recorded for horses from virginia. horses with the highest concentrations of microfilariae (as high as 19,770 microfilariae/mg in 1 horse) were from the southeast (georgia, florida, tennessee, and alabama). for horses from south carolina, the prevalence of infection was 57.1%; from the midwest (k ... | 1985 | 4008301 |
| [periodic uveitis in horses]. | the aetiology, clinical symptoms and treatment of equine periodic ophthalmia are discussed. particular attention is paid to the possible role in aetiology of onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. corticosteroids and atropine are the most important therapeutic drugs. | 1985 | 4071514 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910: iv. behaviour of the vector culicoides nubeculosus in relation to the transmission of onchocerca cervicalis. | | 1974 | 4448891 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910. i. onchocerca cervicalis in british horses. | | 1973 | 4702889 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910. ii. pathology in the horse. | | 1973 | 4724311 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry 1910. 3. morphological and taxonomic studies on onchocerca cervicalis from british horses. | | 1974 | 4854500 |
| studies on onchocerca cervicalis railliet and henry, 1910 microfilariae in the jird, meriones unguiculatus. | | 1974 | 4854501 |
| a membrane feeding technique for the infection of culicoides tuberculosus mg. and culocoides variipennis sonorensis cog. with onchocerca cervicalis rail. and henry. | | 1971 | 5557354 |
| multiplication of bluetongue virus in culicoides nubeculosus (meigen) simultaneously infected with the virus and the microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis (railliet & henry). | | 1980 | 6257192 |
| aggregation of equine platelets by onchocerca cervicalis collagen. | the arachidonic acid pathway plays an important role in many inflammatory reactions. current evidence suggests that platelets can play a central part in host inflammation. since microfilariae are mobilized into the bloodstream following diethylcarbamazine (dec) treatment, we have studied the effects of onchocerca cervicalis cuticle preparations on equine platelet aggregation. the authors have found that o cervicalis cuticular preparations can induce platelet aggregation in vitro. furthermore, th ... | 1983 | 6299106 |
| prevalence of onchocerca cervicalis in equids in the gulf coast region. | microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis were detected in midventral skin biopsy samples in 64 of 84 (76%) mixed-breed ponies greater than 2 years old from the gulf coast area and in 42 of 51 (82.4%) horses from louisiana breeding herds. the number of microfilariae per 8 mm of biopsied skin (ponies) ranged from 1 to 21,570. the number of microfilariae per 6 mm of biopsied skin (horses) ranged from 8 to 55,600. | 1984 | 6476578 |
| immunoglobulin levels in tears and aqueous humor of horses before and after diethylcarbamazine (dec) therapy. | a quantitative investigation of equine tear and aqueous humor immunoglobulins was done using normal horses and ponies as well as horses and ponies infected with onchocerca cervicalis. the equine immunoglobulin isotypes igga, igm, iga and igg(t) were quantitated by either single radial immunodiffusion (srid) or radioimmunoassay (ria). tear immunoglobulin levels for igga (128 +/- 151 micrograms/ml), iga (1,664 +/- 1,038 micrograms/ml) and igm (106 +/- 74 micrograms/ml) were measured, while igg(t) ... | 1984 | 6495631 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against onchocerca cervicalis microfilarial dermatitis in horses. | forty horses having microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis in association with dermatitis, alopecia, and pruritus on the ventral midline were given a single im injection of 0.2 mg of ivermectin/kg of body weight (june to august 1981). microfilarial counts in the 40 horses ranged from 18 to 42,446 microfilariae/skin snip on the day of treatment, and histopathologic examination of these skin sections indicated a chronic eosinophilic dermatitis. numerous microfilariae were in the dermis, but there ... | 1983 | 6688162 |
| equine complement activation as a mechanism for equine neutrophil migration in onchocerca cervicalis infections. | extracts of onchocerca cervicalis, an equine parasite, were incubated with radiolabeled equine neutrophils and neutrophil migration was assessed for factors derived from the parasite itself or for host-derived factors after incubation of these same parasite extracts with equine serum. no stimulus for cell migration was observed in saline extracts of adult worms, uterine microfilariae, or skin microfilariae at any dosage tested. however, after incubation of saline extracts with fresh normal equin ... | 1983 | 6872345 |
| efficacy of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1) against adult setaria equina and microfilariae of onchocerca cervicalis in ponies. | | 1980 | 6894003 |
| effects of extracts of onchocerca cervicalis from horses on the lytic activity of human, rat, and equine complement. | | 1982 | 7094438 |
| efficacy of moxidectin oral gel against onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae. | during a series of dose-titration experiments designed to evaluate the efficacy of moxidectin oral gel against equine gastrointestinal parasites, infection with onchocerca cervicalis was diagnosed in 25 of 82 ponies prior to treatment. microfilariae were identified in full-thickness skin biopsies taken from the ventral midline. treatment with moxidectin in single doses of 300, 400, or 500 micrograms/kg of body weight was 100% effective in eliminating microfilariae from 20 skin biopsies taken 14 ... | 1995 | 7876966 |
| onchocerca retinol- and ivermectin-binding protein activity. | the presence of retinol-binding protein (rbp) activity in onchocerca cervicalis adult worms and interaction with ivermectin has been studied using high pressure size exclusion chromatography (hpsec). four distinct peaks of [3h]-retinol incorporation were obtained corresponding to approximate molecular weights of 150, 67, 19.7 and 4.6 kda, the 2 smaller m(r) peaks accounting for most of the binding activity. competition for binding using non-labelled retinol at 200-fold molar excess indicated tha ... | 1996 | 8851862 |
| comparative efficacy of moxidectin 2% equine oral gel and ivermectin 2% equine oral paste against onchocerca cervicalis (railliet and henry, 1910) microfilariae in horses with naturally acquired infections in formosa (argentina). | on the basis of positive skin snips for onchocerca cervicalis microfilariae (mf), 45 horses were chosen from 48 in a total of 257 screened on 12 locations in the northeast province of formosa (argentina), and randomly assigned to two treatment groups of 20 horses each, and a nontreated control group of five horses. on day 14 post-treatment (pt), skin snip samples in the ivermectin-treated (0.2 mg/kg) group were negative for normal viable microfilariae (mf), while horses in the control group main ... | 1997 | 9477510 |
| zoonotic onchocerca (nematoda:filarioidea) in the cornea of a colorado resident. | a female patient, resident in the state of colorado, presented with iritis of the right eye. slit-lamp examination showed the presence of a thin, threadlike worm entwined in the cornea. the patient was taken to surgery for removal of the parasite. | 1998 | 9709764 |
| subconjunctival zoonotic onchocerciasis in man: aberrant infection with onchocerca lupi? | in the past few decades, 10 cases of cryptic, zoonotic onchocerciasis, including two subconjunctival infections, have been reported in man. in the majority of cases, onchocerca cervicalis, o. gutturosa or o. dewittei, which normally infect horses, cattle and wild boar, respectively, were responsible for the lesions. however, the taxonomic status of the parasites involved in the two subconjunctival infections, both of which were european, has never been unambiguously determined. in such infection ... | 2002 | 12194710 |
| [can the study of the ocular lesions of onchocerca cervicalis infection in the horse provide interesting data on the pathogenesis of human ocular onchocerciasis?]. | | 1962 | 13928080 |
| [discovery of microfilarias of onchocerca cervicalis in the ocular tissue in horse]. | | 1952 | 14956426 |
| onchocerca cervicalis in horses from southern brazil. | the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of onchocerca cervicalis in 1200 adult horses from rural areas of rio grande do sul, brazil. umbilical skin specimens measuring 2 x 2 cm were minced, suspended in 10 ml of distilled water and incubated at room temperature overnight. the liquid volume was centrifuged and the sediment was screened for microfilariae. the ligamentum nuchae were totally removed, preserved in ice and dissected for the detection of adult forms of onchocerca ce ... | 2004 | 15563023 |
| ivermectin inhibits growth of chlamydia trachomatis in epithelial cells. | ivermectin is currently approved for treatment of both clinical and veterinary infections by nematodes, including onchocerca cervicalis in horses and onchocerca volvulus in humans. however, ivermectin has never been shown to be effective against bacterial pathogens. here we show that ivermectin also inhibits infection of epithelial cells by the bacterial pathogen, chlamydia trachomatis, at doses that could be envisioned clinically for sexually-transmitted or ocular infections by chlamydia. | 2012 | 23119027 |
| prevalence and pathogenesis of some filarial nematodes infecting donkeys in egypt. | the primary objective of the present study is to determine the commonness of filarial parasites in donkeys in egypt, identification of the filarial species tainting them and the delivered pathogenic impact connected with the infestation. | 2016 | 27651679 |
| examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites. | macrocyclic lactones (mls), specifically the avermectins and milbemycins, are known for their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of disease-causing nematodes and arthropods in humans and animals. in most nematodes, drugs in this class induce paralysis, resulting in starvation, impaired ability to remain associated with their anatomical environment, and death of all life stages. initially, this was also thought to be the ml mode of action against filarial nematodes, but researchers have not b ... | 2017 | 28410595 |