| rt-pcr and its detection limit for cell culture grown bluetongue virus 1 using ns1 gene group specific primers. | rt-pcr was standardised for the detection of bluetongue viral rna using highly expressed non structural protein 1 gene as the target gene with specific primers targeted to 274 bp of 5' end of ns1 gene. pcr product was consistently obtained in 30 pcr cycles. further, detection limit of rt-pcr was estimated using serial 10 fold dilutions of bhk 21 cells grown btv 1. the study suggested that rt-pcr can be used for detection of btv in indian conditions with the sensitivity limit of 10 infectious par ... | 1999 | 10865895 |
| bluetongue virus: (1) in pregnant white-tailed deer (2) a plaque reduction neutralization test. | six white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were infected with bluetongue virus (bts, vaccinal strain) approximately one-third of the way through their gestation period. one deer died of bluetongue 21 days after inoculation. of the five surviving the infection, one had two mummified fetuses, and the others no fetuses upon euthanasia two weeks after term. fetuses were present in two control deer and in the one which died of bluetongue. a plaque reduction neutralization test for bluetongue viru ... | 1970 | 16512142 |
| first report of bluetongue virus serotype 1 isolated from a white-tailed deer in the united states. | in november 2004, tissues were collected from a hunter-killed white-tailed deer in st. mary parish, louisiana. bluetongue virus (btv) was isolated from the tissues; however, the isolate could not be identified as any of the us domestic serotypes. subsequent testing by virus neutralization using serotype-specific antiserum tentatively identified the isolate as btv serotype 1 (btv-1), which had not previously been found in the united states. primers were designed based on the sequence of an outer ... | 2006 | 16921883 |
| emergence of bluetongue serotypes in europe, part 2: the occurrence of a btv-11 strain in belgium. | an edta-blood sample from a cow without clinical signs, which gave early birth to a newborn calf that died soon after delivery, was shown to be positive for bluetongue virus (btv)-rna using a group-specific real-time rt-pcr (rt-qpcr). in-house serotype-specific rt-qpcr assays for bluetongue virus serotype 1 (btv-1), -6 and -8 all gave negative results. subsequent assays were carried out using conventional (gel-based) rt-pcr primers for all 25 btv serotypes and only two primer sets, both specific ... | 2009 | 19909474 |
| detection of bluetongue virus rna in field-collected culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) following the discovery of bluetongue virus serotype 1 in white-tailed deer and cattle in louisiana. | in november 2004, bluetongue virus (family reoviridae, genus orbivirus, btv) serotype 1 (btv-1) was detected for the first time in the united states from a hunter-killed deer in st. mary parish, la. in 2005, sera surveys were conducted on three cattle farms near the area where the deer was found, and btv-1-seropositive cattle were found on two of the three farms; in 2006, sera surveys from the cattle on the three farms did not detect any btv-1-positive animals. the purpose of this study was to s ... | 2010 | 20380309 |
| a clathrin independent macropinocytosis-like entry mechanism used by bluetongue virus-1 during infection of bhk cells. | acid dependent infection of hela and vero cells by btv-10 occurs from within early-endosomes following virus uptake by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (forzan et al., 2007: j virol 81: 4819-4827). here we report that btv-1 infection of bhk cells is also dependent on a low endosomal ph; however, virus entry and infection were not inhibited by dominant-negative mutants of eps15, ap180 or the 'aa' splice variant of dynamin-2, which were shown to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis. in addition, inf ... | 2010 | 20613878 |
| enhanced proinflammatory cytokine activity during experimental bluetongue virus-1 infection in indian native sheep. | bluetongue disease has been causing variable morbidity and mortality in sheep in india and other countries of the world. the experimental infection with indian btv-1 strain induced mild to sub-acute infection in native sheep. there were low induction of il-12, ifn-γ and tnf-α cytokine mrna expressions determined by real time rt-pcr in draining lymph nodes (dln), spleen, and pbmcs during the initial stages of infection (8 days post inoculation, dpi) and higher around 15 dpi. the reduced pro-infla ... | 2011 | 22118901 |
| transplacental transmission of bluetongue virus serotype 1 and serotype 8 in sheep: virological and pathological findings. | the bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv-8) strain, which emerged in europe in 2006, had an unusually high ability to cause foetal infection in pregnant ruminants. other serotypes of btv had already been present in europe for more than a decade, but transplacental transmission of these strains had never been demonstrated. to determine whether transplacental transmission is a unique feature of btv-8 we compared the incidence and pathological consequences of transplacental transmission of btv-8 to tha ... | 2013 | 24358112 |
| bluetongue virus serotype 1 in wild ruminants, france, 2008-10. | the persistence of bluetongue virus serotype 1 (btv-1) circulation was evaluated in red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), mouflons (ovis ammon), and pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) sampled during two hunting seasons between september 2008 and february 2010 in the east pyrenean mountains, france. the prevalence of btv antibody in red deer was high and not significantly different between the two hunting seasons (50.9% and 49.6%, respectively). the prevalence o ... | 2012 | 23060507 |