| jatobal virus antigenic characterization by elisa and neutralization test using eia as indicator, on tissue culture. | a virus antigenic characterization methodology using an indirect method of antibody detection elisa with virus-infected cultured cells as antigen and a micro virus neutralisation test using eia (nt-eia) as an aid to reading were used for antigenic characterization of jatobal (bean 423380). jatobal virus was characterized as a bunyaviridae, bunyavirus genus, simbu serogroup virus. elisa using infected cultured cells as antigen is a sensitive and reliable method for identification of viruses and h ... | 1988 | 2593820 |
| biochemical and serological comparisons of australian bunyaviruses belonging to the simbu serogroup. | comparative analysis of the structural and possible non-structural proteins of seven simbu serogroup bunyaviruses isolated in australia revealed them all to be similar in size to those of bunyamwera virus, the prototype of the bunyavirus genus. the molecular weights of the structural proteins for these bunyaviruses (akabane, aino, tinaroo, douglas, peaton, facey's paddock and thimiri viruses) were 193k to 205k (l), 103k to 125k (g1), 33k to 37k (g2) and 25k to 26k (n). analysis of the virion rna ... | 1988 | 3286816 |
| viruses isolated from panamanian sloths. | seven virus strains were isolated in vero cells from whole blood samples from 80 wild-caught sloths, bradypus variegatus and choloepus hoffmanni, from central panamá. four strains of at least two different serotypes are related to changuinola virus; two of these were associated with prolonged or recrudescent viremias. one strain is an antigenic subtype of punta toro virus, and another, described here as bradypus-4 virus, is a new, antigenically ungrouped virus. a second new virus from sloths, ut ... | 1983 | 6316795 |
| localized conserved regions of the s rna gene products of bunyaviruses are revealed by sequence analyses of the simbu serogroup aino virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence has been determined for the s rna of aino virus, a member of the simbu serogroup (bunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae). the s rna is 850 nucleotides long (2.76 x 10(5) daltons) and in the viral complementary sequence has a short 5' non-coding region of 34 nucleotides and a more extensive 3' non-coding region of 117 nucleotides. the 3'-5' complementarity of the aino s rna is about 25 residues long, depending on the arrangement. the aino sequence predicts that, l ... | 1984 | 6532000 |
| teratogenicity of australian simbu serogroup and some other bunyaviridae viruses: the embryonated chicken egg as a model. | the use of embryonated chicken eggs as a model for assessing the teratogenic potential of animal viruses was investigated with 12 members of the bunyaviridae family. infection of 4-day-old embryonated chicken eggs via the yolk sac with 10 of the viruses resulted in deaths or congenital deformities that were similar to those observed in akabane virus infections of fetal ruminants and included arthrogryposis, scoliosis, mandible defects, and retarded development. statistical analysis showed that t ... | 1984 | 6690412 |
| antigenic relationships among simbu serogroup (bunyaviridae) viruses. | antigenic relationships among 24 bunyaviruses of the simbu serogroup were determined by complement-fixation (cf), serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization (n) and, where possible, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests. by cf, three distinct complexes of closely related viruses were identified within the serogroup. nola and thimiri viruses, which showed little relationship with other members of the serogroup, may represent two additional complexes. n tests in vero cells showed that individ ... | 1981 | 7325288 |
| antigenic diversity of akabane virus detected by monoclonal antibodies. | the antigenic properties of 21 japanese field isolates and two australian strains of akabane (aka) virus (simbu serogroup, bunyavirus) isolated from 1959 to 1990 were compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), plaque-reduction neutralization (prnt) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the obe-1 strain of aka virus. sixteen mabs were established by fusing p3x63ag8u1 mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with the obe ... | 1997 | 9085550 |
| rapid identification of australian bunyavirus isolates belonging to the simbu serogroup using indirect elisa formats. | the bunyavirus genus, belonging to the bunyaviridae family, is comprised of a large group of antigenically and geographically disparate arthropod-borne viruses of medical and veterinary significance. in australia, viruses belonging to the simbu serogroup of the bunyavirus genus, akabane, tinaroo, peaton, aino, douglas, thimiri and facey's paddock have been isolated. in this communication we describe two indirect elisas, referred to as the simbu serogroup elisa (sg-elisa), and the simbu typing el ... | 1997 | 9220398 |
| antigenic and genetic comparisons of japanese and australian simbu serogroup viruses: evidence for the recovery of natural virus reassortants. | the antigenicity and rna genome structures of five simbu serogroup bunyaviruses isolated in japan and australia were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised to akabane (aka) virus and oligonucleotide fingerprinting. the virion surface glycoprotein (g1) and the nucleocapsid (n) protein of heterologous viruses showed no reactivity to the mabs, while the aka-derived anti-g1 mab (2f1) reacted with peaton virus and all three aka anti-n mabs reacted with tinaroo (tin) virus at almost the sa ... | 1997 | 9282785 |
| detection and differentiation of aino and akabane simbu serogroup bunyaviruses by nested polymerase chain reaction. | reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested pcr were developed to detect and differentiate aino (aino) and akabane (aka) virus s rna. two pairs of aino- and aka-specific primers for nested pcr were synthesized and examined for their capacity to amplify pcr products using 7 simbu serogroup viruses isolated in japan and australia. rt- and nested pcr using aka-specific primers amplified cdna from tinaroo virus rna as well as homologous rna. nested pcr products were different ... | 1999 | 10603165 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the medium rna segment of oropouche, a simbu serogroup virus: comparison with the middle rna of bunyamwera and california serogroup viruses. | the bunyavirus genus of the family bunyaviridae contains 18 serogroups. to date nucleotide sequence data has been obtained for three serogroups, bunyamwera, california and simbu, based on analysis of the small (s) rna segment. in comparison, there is only nucleotide sequence data for the large and medium (m) rna segments for members of the bunyamwera and california serogroups. in this paper we report the nucleotide sequence of the m rna of oropouche (oro) virus, a member of the simbu serogroup. ... | 2001 | 11172919 |
| identification of simbu, california and bunyamwera serogroup bunyaviruses by nested rt-pcr. | we describe a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with primers that anneal to the 5' and 3' ends and amplify the bunyavirus s rna segments. the rt-pcr was done on the fluids of c6/36 cells infected with each of 21 bunyaviruses. the bunyaviruses studied, with the exception of catu virus, produced amplicons having 700 to 1300 base pairs and probably contained the whole s rna segment sequence. a nested pcr performed with these amplicons distinguished california and most bunyamw ... | 2001 | 11280054 |
| jatobal virus is a reassortant containing the small rna of oropouche virus. | jatobal (jat) virus was isolated in 1985 from a carnivore (nasua nasua) in tucuruí, pará state, brazil and was classified as a distinct member of the simbu serogroup of the bunyavirus genus, family bunyaviridae on the basis of neutralization tests. on the basis of nucleotide sequencing, we have found that the small (s) rna of jat virus is very similar (>95% identity) to that of oropouche (oro) virus, in particular, the peruvian genotype of oro virus. in comparison, limited nucleotide sequencing ... | 2001 | 11451484 |
| phylogeny of the simbu serogroup of the genus bunyavirus. | the simbu serogroup of the genus bunyavirus, family bunyaviridae contains 25 viruses. previous serological studies provided important information regarding some but not all of the relationships among simbu serogroup viruses. this report describes the nucleotide sequence determination of the nucleocapsid (n) gene of the small genomic segment of 14 simbu serogroup viruses and partial nucleotide sequence determination of the g2 glycoprotein-coding region (encoded by the medium rna segment) of 19 vi ... | 2001 | 11514727 |
| diagnosis of oropouche virus infection by rt-nested-pcr. | using the rt-pcr with primers that anneal to the 5' and the 3' extremities of the genome segments of bunyaviruses and internal primers that anneal to the s segment of simbu serogroup viruses in a nested pcr it was possible to amplify the oropouche virus (oro) genome from the sera of three patients. these results show that this rt-nested-pcr is a useful tool for rapid diagnosis of oropouche fever infections. | 2002 | 11748670 |
| characterization and identification of oya virus, a simbu serogroup virus of the genus bunyavirus, isolated from a pig suspected of nipah virus infection. | a virus, named oya virus, was isolated in vero cell cultures from the lungs of a pig suspected of nipah virus infection. the virus was revealed as a spherical enveloped rna virus with a diameter of 79 nm. for identification of oya virus, rt-pcr was performed. a common primer set for s-rna of the simbu serogroup of the genus bunyavirus was able to amplify a cdna from oya virus rna. the sequence data of the product revealed that the partial gene of oya virus s-rna segment had 65-70% homology with ... | 2002 | 12181680 |
| sequence analysis of the medium rna segment of three simbu serogroup viruses, akabane, aino, and peaton viruses. | the sequence analysis was carried out for the medium (m) rna segment of the akabane virus (akav), aino virus (ainv), and peaton virus (peav) of the simbu serogroup of the genus orthobunyavirus of the family bunyaviridae. the complementary sequences of the m rna segments of akav, ainv, and peav contain a single large open reading frame (orf), like other orthobunyaviruses. the orfs potentially encode 1401 amino acids (aa), 1404 aa, and 1400 aa polypeptides, respectively. the identity of the m segm ... | 2003 | 12727343 |
| the emergence in japan of sathuperi virus, a tropical simbu serogroup virus of the genus orthobunyavirus. | in 1999, two viruses were isolated from blood samples of sentinel cattle in the western part of japan. the physiochemical and morphological properties of these viruses indicated that they belonged to the family bunyaviridae. sequence analysis of the s segment indicates that the two viruses are closely related to sathuperi virus (satv). the n-terminal 168 amino acid of the g2 protein of the m segment was highly homologous with that of satv (98.2%). given these results, we conclude that the newly ... | 2004 | 15098114 |
| serological and clinical evidence of a teratogenic simbu serogroup virus infection of cattle in israel, 2001-2003. | during the last 35 years, two major outbreaks of akabane virus (akav) infection were recorded in cattle in israel in 1969/1970 and 2002/2003. congenital malformations of calves characterised by the appearance of an arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly syndrome first appeared in israel in 1969. based on epidemiological, clinical, pathological, histopathological and serological data, this syndrome was strongly correlated with seroreactivity to akav, a member of the bunyaviridae, simbu serogroup. in ... | 2004 | 20419647 |
| iquitos virus: a novel reassortant orthobunyavirus associated with human illness in peru. | oropouche (oro) virus, a member of the simbu serogroup, is one of the few human pathogens in the orthobunyavirus genus in the family bunyaviridae. genetic analyses of oro-like strains from iquitos, peru, identified a novel reassortant containing the s and l segments of oro virus and the m segment of a novel simbu serogroup virus. this new pathogen, which we named iquitos (iqt) virus, was first isolated during 1999 from a febrile patient in iquitos, an amazonian city in peru. subsequently, the vi ... | 2011 | 21949892 |
| molecular characterization and seroprevalence in pigs of sc0806, a cat que virus isolated from mosquitoes in sichuan province, china. | the simbu serogroup currently consists of a highly diverse group of related arboviruses that infect both humans and economically important livestock species. cat que virus (cqv), a simbu serogroup virus of the genus orthobunyavirus (family bunyaviridae), was first isolated in 2004 from mosquitoes during surveillance of arbovirus activity in acute pediatric encephalitis in northern vietnam. we report here the complete genome sequence of sc0806 isolated from mosquitoes (culex tritaeniorhynchus) in ... | 0 | 26186514 |
| detection of oropouche virus segment s in patients and inculex quinquefasciatus in the state of mato grosso, brazil. | this study aimed to investigate the circulation of orthobunyavirus species in the state of mato grosso (mt) brazil. during a dengue outbreak in 2011/2012, 529 serum samples were collected from patients with acute febrile illness with symptoms for up to five days and 387 pools of female culex quinquefasciatus captured in 2013 were subjected to nested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for segment s of the simbu serogroup followed by nucleotide sequencing and virus isolation in vero c ... | 0 | 26517653 |
| lack of evidence for the presence of schmallenberg virus in mosquitoes in germany, 2011. | in 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup was discovered near the german-dutch border and named schmallenberg virus (sbv). so far, sbv genome has been detected in various field-collected culicoides species; however, other members of the simbu serogroup are also transmitted by mosquitoes. | 2014 | 25174354 |
| evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing akabane virus, aino virus and chuzan virus against schmallenberg virus infection. | schmallenberg virus (sbv), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of europe since 2011. it can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. sbv, a member of the simbu serogroup within the genus orthobunyavirus, is closely related to akabane virus (akav) and aino virus (ainov) among others. in the present study, 4 holstein-friesian calves were immunized twice four weeks apart with a multivalent, inactivated vaccine against akav an ... | 2013 | 24313924 |
| evaluation of in vitro methods for assessment of infection of australian culicoides spp. with bluetongue viruses. | biting midges from the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are the vectors of several globally important arboviruses that affect livestock. these include orbiviruses from the bluetongue virus (btv) and african horse sickness virus (ahsv) groups and members of the simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses, such as the recently emerged schmallenberg virus. in this article, the authors evaluate several methods for feeding wild‑caught australian culicoides on btv infected preparations of blood an ... | 2016 | 26741248 |
| what can akabane disease teach us about other arboviral diseases. | viruses of the simbu serogroup cause lesions to foetuses that are seen at birth and that correlate with the stage of pregnancy at which the dam first contracts the virus. the simbu serogroup comprises arboviruses known to cause outbreaks of abnormal parturitions in domestic ruminants; these abnormalities include abortion, stillbirth, and congenitally deformed neonates. simbu serogroup members include: akabane virus (akav), aino virus, cache valley virus, and schmallenberg virus. lately, dairy he ... | 2016 | 27723047 |
| circulation of a simbu serogroup virus, causing schmallenberg virus-like clinical signs in northern jordan. | schmallenberg virus (sbv)-like clinical cases of abortions in northern jordan in early 2013, together with the emergence of sbv in europe in 2011, its rapid spread within the following years and the detection of this virus in turkey, raised questions about the distribution of sbv or related orthobunyaviruses. to evaluate the occurrence of sbv or related members of the simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses in jordan, bulk milk (cattle) and serum samples (cattle, sheep and goat) collected in northe ... | 2015 | 26715241 |
| detection and differentiation of schmallenberg, akabane and aino viruses by one-step multiplex reverse-transcriptase quantitative pcr assay. | schmallenberg virus (sbv), akabane virus (akav) and aino virus (ainv) are members of the simbu serogroup within the genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae, which can cause reproductive disorders including abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformation in ruminants. because, the clinical signs are similar, confirmatory diagnosis requires viral detection to differentiate infection between these three viruses. | 2015 | 26497392 |
| the n-terminal domain of schmallenberg virus envelope protein gc is highly immunogenic and can provide protection from infection. | schmallenberg virus (sbv) is transmitted by insect vectors, and therefore vaccination is one of the most important tools of disease control. in our study, novel subunit vaccines on the basis of an amino-terminal domain of sbv gc of 234 amino acids ("gc amino") first were tested and selected using a lethal small animal challenge model and then the best performing formulations also were tested in cattle. we could show that neither e. coli expressed nor the reduced form of "gc amino" protected from ... | 2017 | 28211908 |
| activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase by akabane virus is required for apoptosis. | akabane virus (akav) belongs to the simbu serogroup of the genus orthobunyavirus in the family bunyaviridae. it has been shown that akav induces apoptosis in mammalian cells. it is necessary to understand the signaling pathways involved in akav-induced apoptosis to further elucidate the molecular virology of akav. c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) are mediators of apoptosis; therefore, we investigated the roles of jnk and p38 mapk cascades in akav-infe ... | 2016 | 27473988 |
| broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to simbu serogroup lineage 1 and specific detection of akabane, aino and peaton viruses by newly developed multiple taqman assays. | taqman assays were developed for the broad-range detection of arboviruses belonging to simbu serogroup lineage 1 in the genus orthobunyavirus and also for the specific detection of three viruses in the lineage, akabane, aino and peaton viruses (akav, ainov and peav, respectively). a primer and probe set was designed for the broad-range detection of simbu serogroup lineage 1 (pan-simbu1 set) mainly targeting akav, ainov, peav, sathuperi and shamonda viruses (satv and shav), and the forward and re ... | 2015 | 26341063 |
| evaluation of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of serum antibodies against akabane virus in cattle. | in new zealand, an arbovirus surveillance program has been operating for more than 20 years, which includes testing of cattle with the akabane virus neutralization test. with the aim to replace this laborious test by an easier-to-perform enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), 2 commercial elisa kits, elisa-1 from france (originally from australia) and elisa-2 from japan, were compared, using 334 serum samples from noninfected new zealand cattle, and 548 serum samples from naturally infected ... | 2013 | 23942902 |
| 'schmallenberg virus'--a novel orthobunyavirus emerging in europe. | in 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, the schmallenberg virus (sbv), was discovered using a metagenomic approach. sbv caused a large epidemic in europe in ruminants. as with related viruses such as akabane virus, it appears to be transmitted by biting midges. transplacental infection often results in the birth of malformed calves, lambs and goat kids. in more than 5000 farms in germany, the netherlands, belgium, france, uk, italy, spain, luxembourg, denmark and switzerland acu ... | 2013 | 23046921 |
| epizootic of ovine congenital malformations associated with schmallenberg virus infection. | epizootic outbreaks of congenital malformations in sheep are rare and have, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported before in europe. this paper describes relevant preliminary findings from the first epizootic outbreak of ovine congenital malformations in the netherlands. between 25 november and 20 december 2011, congenital malformations in newborn lambs on sheep farms throughout the country were reported to the animal health service in deventer. subsequently, small ruminant veterinary ... | 2012 | 22393844 |
| development of a pan-simbu real-time reverse transcriptase pcr for the detection of simbu serogroup viruses and comparison with sbv diagnostic pcr systems. | schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, was first identified in october 2011 in dairy cattle in germany, where it caused fever, diarrhea and a drop in milk yield. since then, sbv additionally has been detected in adult sheep and goats. although symptoms of acute infection were not observed, infection during a vulnerable phase of pregnancy caused congenital malformations and stillbirths. in view of the current situation and the possible emergence of further simb ... | 2013 | 24188175 |
| isolation and characterization of oya virus a member of simbu serogroup, family bunyaviridae, isolated from karnataka, india. | during a study on japanese encephalitis (je) from kolar district of karnataka state, india in 1986; two virus isolates were obtained in infant swiss albino mouse from a pig and a human serum sample. for characterization of these virus isolates, they were propagated in vero ccl-81 cells. these virus isolates were screened for flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis, west nile, dengue, kyasanur forest disease) and alphavirus (chikungunya) by rt-pcr and found to be negative. further these they were scr ... | 2016 | 27374486 |
| schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: past, present and future. | schmallenberg disease has emerged in north-western europe in 2011 and has since spread widely, even across the european borders. it has the potency to infect many, mainly ruminant, species, but seems to lack zoonotic potential. horizontal transmission occurs through various culicoides biting midges and subsequent trans-placental transmission causes teratogenic effects. in some small ruminants, clinical signs, including fever, decreased milk production and diarrhea occur during the viraemic phase ... | 2015 | 26441013 |
| schmallenberg virus as possible ancestor of shamonda virus. | schmallenberg virus (sbv), an orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, recently emerged in europe and has been suggested to be a shamonda/sathuperi virus reassortant. results of full-genome and serologic investigations indicate that sbv belongs to the species sathuperi virus and is a possible ancestor of the reassortant shamonda virus. | 2012 | 23017842 |
| malformations caused by shuni virus in ruminants, israel, 2014-2015. | | 2015 | 26583957 |
| effective interference between simbu serogroup orthobunyaviruses in mammalian cells. | the simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses comprises a wide range of viruses with different medical and veterinary relevance. these viruses are known to reassort, and coinfection of the same cell is one of the prerequisites for reassortment. here, a mammalian cell line was infected with various members of this virus group, inoculated after several time points with a second simbu serogroup virus, and analyzed by strain or species specific immunofluorescence staining. different virus species or diff ... | 2016 | 27939151 |
| schmallenberg virus infection diagnosis: results of a german proficiency trial. | since schmallenberg virus (sbv), an orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, was detected in central europe in 2011 for the first time, numerous diagnostic test systems for genome or antibody detection have been established. therefore, a laboratory proficiency trial with 28 veterinary laboratories was initiated to allow performance evaluations of the different veterinary diagnostic laboratories and the performance of the used assays. a panel of selected sera and bovine semen samples for the analy ... | 2016 | 27234591 |
| schmallenberg virus infection. | since schmallenberg virus, an orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, was identified near the german-dutch border for the first time in late 2011 it has spread extremely quickly and caused a large epidemic in european livestock. the virus, which is transmitted by culicoides biting midges, infects domestic and wild ruminants. adult animals show only mild clinical symptoms or none at all, whereas an infection during a critical period of gestation can lead to abortion, stillbirth or the birth of se ... | 2015 | 26601441 |
| a novel panel of monoclonal antibodies against schmallenberg virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein gc allows specific orthobunyavirus detection and reveals antigenic differences. | a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for the nucleocapsid (n) protein or the glycoprotein gc of schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel member of the simbu serogroup (genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae), was produced and used to analyze antigenic differences among members of this serogroup. reactivity with various sbv-isolates and other simbu serogroup viruses was assessed by an indirect immunofluorescence test and by immunoblotting. the gc-specific mabs detected different sbv iso ... | 2015 | 25889366 |
| development and evaluation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological detection of schmallenberg virus antibodies in ruminants using whole virus antigen. | in late 2011, a new orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup named schmallenberg virus (sbv) emerged in continental europe. the virus is transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, with the culicoides species as, so far known, main vectors. infection with the virus can cause clinical signs in adult ruminants including diarrhea, fever and reduced milk production. transplacental infection of the developing fetus can lead to malformations of varying severity. to assess seroprevalence of sbv in sweden an ... | 2014 | 25475567 |
| deletion mutants of schmallenberg virus are avirulent and protect from virus challenge. | since its emergence, schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel insect-transmitted orthobunyavirus which predominantly infects ruminants, has caused a large epidemic in european livestock. newly developed inactivated vaccines are available, but highly efficacious and safe live vaccines are still not available. here, the properties of novel recombinant sbv mutants lacking the nonstructural protein nss (rsbvδnss) or nsm (rsbvδnsm) or both of these proteins (rsbvδnss/δnsm) were tested in vitro and in vivo ... | 2015 | 25410877 |
| serological screening suggests presence of schmallenberg virus in cattle, sheep and goat in the zambezia province, mozambique. | schmallenberg virus (sbv) is a novel orthobunyavirus within the family bunyaviridae belonging to the simbu serogroup. schmallenberg virus infects ruminants and has since its discovery in the autumn 2011 been detected/spread to large parts of europe. most bunyaviruses are arboviruses, and sbv has been detected in biting midges in different european countries, suggesting that they may play a role in the transmission of the virus. it is not known how sbv was introduced to europe and if sbv is prese ... | 2014 | 24828615 |
| schmallenberg virus-two years of experiences. | in autumn 2011, a novel species of the genus orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup was discovered close to the german/dutch border and named schmallenberg virus (sbv). since then, sbv has caused a large epidemic in european livestock. like other viruses of the simbu serogroup, sbv is transmitted by insect vectors. adult ruminants may show a mild transient disease, while an infection during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe congenital malformation, premature birth or stillbirth. ... | 2014 | 24768435 |
| characterization of messenger rna termini in schmallenberg virus and related simbuviruses. | schmallenberg virus (sbv) is an emerging arbovirus infecting ruminants in europe. sbv belongs to the bunyaviridae family within the simbu serogroup. its genome comprises three segments, small (s), medium (m) and large (l), that together encode six proteins and contain ntrs. ntrs are involved in initiation and termination of transcription and in genome packaging. this study explored the 3' mrna termini of sbv and related simbuviruses. in addition, the 5' termini of sbv messenger rna (mrna) were c ... | 2013 | 23939979 |
| no evidence for the persistence of schmallenberg virus in overwintering mosquitoes. | in 2011, schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel member of the simbu serogroup, genus orthobunyavirus, was identified as the causative agent of a disease in ruminants in europe. based on the current knowledge on arthropods involved in the transmission of simbu group viruses, a role of both midges and mosquitoes in the sbv transmission cycle cannot be excluded beforehand. the persistence of sbv in mosquitoes overwintering at sbv-affected farms in the netherlands was investigated. no evidence for the p ... | 2014 | 23692132 |
| schmallenberg virus. | in late 2011 a novel virus of the simbu serogroup, family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus, was discovered at the german-dutch border and named "schmallenberg virus" (sbv). since then, the virus has spread rapidly to other european countries, and the involvement of biting midges has been demonstrated. affected adult ruminants show none or only mild clinical signs including fever, reduced milk production or diarrhoea. however, in keeping with related viruses, an infection of sbv-naive cows and ... | 2013 | 23689895 |
| in vivo and in vitro identification of a hypervariable region in schmallenberg virus. | detected for the first time in 2011, schmallenberg virus (sbv) is an orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup that caused a large outbreak in european ruminants. in a tight time frame, data have been obtained on sbv epidemiology and the clinical pictures associated with this new viral infection, but little information is available on the molecular biology of sbv. in this study, sbv sequence variability was characterized from the central nervous system of two stillborn lambs in a naturally infected ... | 2013 | 23364190 |
| a mutation 'hot spot' in the schmallenberg virus m segment. | in the autumn of 2011, schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup, was identified by metagenomic analysis in germany. sbv has since been detected in ruminants all over europe, and investigations on phylogenetic relationships, clinical signs and epidemiology have been conducted. however, until now, only comparative sequence analysis of sbv genome segments with other species of the simbu serogroup have been performed, and detailed data on the s and m segments, releva ... | 2013 | 23364189 |
| validation of a commercially available indirect elisa using a nucleocapside recombinant protein for detection of schmallenberg virus antibodies. | a newly developed enzym like immuno sorbant assay (elisa) based on the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (n) of schmallenberg virus (sbv) was evaluated and validated for the detection of sbv-specific igg antibodies in ruminant sera by three european reference laboratories. validation data sets derived from sheep, goat and bovine sera collected in france and germany (n = 1515) in 2011 and 2012 were categorized according to the results of a virus neutralization test (vnt) or an indirect immuno-fluo ... | 2013 | 23335964 |
| schmallenberg virus, a novel orthobunyavirus infection in ruminants in europe: potential global impact and preventive measures. | in autumn 2011, schmallenberg virus was the first orthobunyavirus detected in europe. the virus belongs to the simbu serogroup. like other orthobunyaviruses, it is apparently transmitted by arthropod vectors, primarily by biting midges (culicoides spp.). ruminants and new-world camelids (alpacas) are susceptible to infection. adult animals may develop mild disease, if any. however, transplacental infection can lead to severe congenital malformations such asarthrogryposis, malformation of the ver ... | 2013 | 23215779 |
| studies on arthropod-borne viruses of tongaland. vii. simbu virus, a hitherto unknown agent isolated from aedes (banksinella) circumluteolus theo. | | 1957 | 13506707 |
| characterization of simbu serogroup virus infections in type i interferon receptor knock-out mice. | in late 2011, schmallenberg virus (sbv), a novel, arthropod-borne, teratogenic orthobunyavirus, emerged near the german/dutch border and thereafter spread rapidly throughout the continent thereby causing great economic losses in european livestock. sbv mainly infects ruminants and closely related viruses such as sabo virus (sabov), simbu virus (simbuv) and sathuperi virus (satv) have been isolated from their insect-vectors or putative ruminant hosts. however, information about their pathogenesis ... | 2017 | 28702933 |
| a large-scale serological survey of akabane virus infection in cattle, yak, sheep and goats in china. | akabane virus (akav) is a member of the simbu serogroup, classified in the genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae. akav infection can cause abortion, stillbirth, and congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in cattle and sheep. the distribution and prevalence of akav infection in china is still unknown. a total of 2731 sera collected from 2006 to 2015 in 24 provinces of china from cattle, sheep, goats and yak were examined by serum neutralisation test. the overall seroprevalence rates f ... | 2017 | 28757043 |
| the potential for reassortment between oropouche and schmallenberg orthobunyaviruses. | a number of viruses within the peribunyaviridae family are naturally occurring reassortants, a common phenomenon for segmented viruses. using a minigenome-reporter and virus-like particle (vlp) production assay, we have accessed the potential of oropouche virus (orov), schmallenberg virus (sbv), and other orthobunyaviruses within the simbu serogroup to reassort. we found that the untranslated region (utr) in the medium segment is a potential contributing factor for reassortment by the tested vir ... | 2017 | 28800086 |
| congenital malformations of calves infected with shamonda virus, southern japan. | in 2015 and 2016, we observed 15 malformed calves that were exposed to intrauterine infection with shamonda virus, a simbu serogroup orthobunyavirus, in japan. characteristic manifestations were arthrogryposis and gross lesions in the central nervous system. our results indicate that this arbovirus should be considered a teratogenic virus in ruminants. | 2017 | 28518043 |
| characterization of five unclassified orthobunyaviruses (bunyaviridae) from africa and the americas. | the bunyaviridae family is made up of a diverse range of viruses, some of which cause disease and are a cause for concern in human and veterinary health. here, we report the genomic and antigenic characterization of five previously uncharacterized bunyaviruses. based on their ultrastructure, antigenic relationships and phylogenomic relationships, the five viruses are classified as members of the orthobunyavirus genus. three are viruses in the california encephalitis virus serogroup and are relat ... | 2017 | 28885138 |
| genomic and phylogenetic characterization of viruses included in the manzanilla and oropouche species complexes of the genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae. | a thorough characterization of the genetic diversity of viruses present in vector and vertebrate host populations is essential for the early detection of and response to emerging pathogenic viruses, yet genetic characterization of many important viral groups remains incomplete. the simbu serogroup of the genus orthobunyavirus, family bunyaviridae, is an example. the simbu serogroup currently consists of a highly diverse group of related arboviruses that infect both humans and economically import ... | 2014 | 24558222 |
| akabane, aino and schmallenberg virus-where do we stand and what do we know about the role of domestic ruminant hosts and culicoides vectors in virus transmission and overwintering? | akabane, aino and schmallenberg virus belong to the simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses and depend on culicoides vectors for their spread between ruminant hosts. infections of adults are mostly asymptomatic or associated with only mild symptoms, while transplacental crossing of these viruses to the developing fetus can have important teratogenic effects. research mainly focused on congenital malformations has established a correlation between the developmental stage at which a fetus is infected ... | 2017 | 29096232 |
| schmallenberg virus: a novel virus of veterinary importance. | in late 2011, unspecific clinical symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, and decreased milk production were observed in dairy cattle in the dutch/german border region. after exclusion of classical endemic and emerging viruses by targeted diagnostic systems, blood samples from acutely diseased cows were subjected to metagenomics analysis. an insect-transmitted orthobunyavirus of the simbu serogroup was identified as the causative agent and named schmallenberg virus (sbv). it was one of the first detec ... | 2017 | 29029729 |
| pathogenicity and teratogenicity of schmallenberg virus and akabane virus in experimentally infected chicken embryos. | schmallenberg virus (sbv) and akabane virus (akav) are teratogenic simbu serogroup orthobunyaviruses. embryonated chicken egg models (ece) have been used to study the pathogenicity and teratogenicity of simbu viruses previously, however to date no such studies have been reported for sbv. hence, the aims of this study were to investigate if ece are susceptible to experimental sbv infection, and to evaluate the pathogenicity and teratogenicity of sbv and akav in ece models. two studies were conduc ... | 2018 | 29519522 |
| characterization of unknown orthobunya-like viruses from india. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) of agents causing idiopathic human diseases has been crucial in the identification of novel viruses. this study describes the isolation and characterization of two novel orthobunyaviruses obtained from a jungle myna and a paddy bird from karnataka state, india. using an ngs approach, these isolates were classified as cat que and balagodu viruses belonging to the manzanilla clade of the simbu serogroup. closely related viruses in the manzanilla clade have been iso ... | 2018 | 30149496 |
| serological evidence suggests that several simbu serogroup viruses circulated in israel. | viruses of the simbu serogroup are arboviruses that are known to cause outbreaks of abortion, stillbirth and congenitally deformed neonates. this study presents the results of antibody screening of simbu serogroup viruses in heifers born in israel after october 2013, and in adult milking cows born before may 2012. thirteen dairy cattle farms in five regions, and one sheep flock, entered this study. serum samples that were found to be positive by elisa were further tested by specific virus- neutr ... | 2019 | 30951185 |