| the interferon sensitivity of selected porcine viruses. | the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of 11 porcine viruses to the antiviral effects of porcine interferon-alpha in serum from piglets which had been infected 19 h previously with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and of porcine interferon-beta prepared in pk-15 cells by induction with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, in yield reduction assays in pig kidney cells which were treated with interferon before virus challenge, and both before and after virus challenge. the most ... | 1989 | 2492445 |
| cis-acting packaging motifs of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the cis-acting packaging domain is required for selective encapsidation of adenovirus dna into preformed empty capsids late in the viral life cycle. earlier, it was demonstrated that the cis-acting packaging domain of porcine adenovirus type (padv)-3 is located between nucleotide position (nt) 212 and 531 at the left end genome which contains six at/gc rich motifs. removal of packaging domain from left end to the right end of the genome produced a viable mutant virus suggesting that the identifi ... | 2004 | 15246658 |
| a newly identified interaction between iva2 and pviii proteins during porcine adenovirus type 3 infection. | the adenovirus iva2 is an intermediate viral gene product that appears to perform multiple essential roles in viral infection. using iva2 as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system, we screened selected open reading frames (orfs) of porcine adenovirus (padv)-3 for potential interaction with iva2. interestingly, pviii showed specific interaction with iva2. the yeast two-hybrid findings were validated by gst pull-down assays, in vitro binding studies employing cell-free coupled transcription-translati ... | 2005 | 15866071 |
| analysis of early region 4 of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the early region 4 (e4) of porcine adenovirus (padv)-3, located at the right-hand end of the genome is transcribed in a leftward direction and has the potential to encode seven (p1-p7) open reading frames (orfs). to determine the role of each protein in viral replication, we constructed full-length padv-3 genomic clones containing deletions of individual e4 orf or combined deletions of the neighboring orfs. transfection of swine testicular (st) cells with individual e4 mutant plasmid dnas genera ... | 2004 | 15246655 |
| viral rnas detected in virions of porcine adenovirus type 3. | it has been demonstrated that cellular and viral rnas were packaged in the virions of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv 1), members of the herpesviridae family, both of which are enveloped double-stranded dna viruses. here, we provide evidence suggesting that rnas are packaged in the virions of porcine adenovirus type 3 (padv-3), which is a member of the adenoviridae family, a non-enveloped double-stranded dna virus. the rnas packaged in padv-3 virions were enriched in ... | 2004 | 15051396 |
| porcine adenovirus type 3 e1 transcriptional control region contains a bifunctional regulatory element. | we identified a bifunctional regulatory element located between nt 374 and 431 upstream of tata box of porcine adenovirus (pav) 3 e1a promoter. deletion of the element dramatically reduced the steady-state level of e1a mrna, but increased that of e1b, which lies immediately downstream of e1a. the mutant virus displayed defective replication at early times of infection, but replicated nearly as efficiently as wild-type pav-3 at late times of infection. this defect was complemented with coinfectin ... | 2004 | 14972533 |
| a recombinant e1-deleted porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector. | replication-defective e1-deleted porcine adenoviruses (pavs) are attractive vectors for vaccination. as a prerequisite for generating pav-3 vectors containing complete deletion of e1, we transfected vido r1 cells (fetal porcine retina cells transformed with e1 region of human adenovirus 5) with a construct containing pav-3 e1b(large) coding sequences under the control of hcmv promoter. a cell line named vr1bl could be isolated that expressed e1b(large) of pav-3 and also complemented pav214 (e1a+ ... | 2003 | 12954206 |
| analysis of early region 1 of porcine adenovirus type 3. | to identify the proteins encoded by the porcine adenovirus 3 (pav-3) e1 region, rabbit antisera were prepared using a bacterial fusion protein encoding e1a, e1b(small), or e1b(large) protein. sera against e1a, e1b(small), and e1b(large) immunoprecipitated a protein of 35, 23, and 53 kda, respectively, in in vitro translated and transcribed mrna and pav-3 infected cells. to determine the role of e1 proteins in pav-3 replication, we constructed vectors with a deletion(s) in the e1 region. mutant p ... | 2001 | 11878877 |
| characterization of dna binding protein of porcine adenovirus type 3. | to identify and characterize the protein encoded by the e2a region of porcine adenovirus (pav)-3, dna sequence coding for a portion (amino acids 102-457) of the dna binding protein (dbp) open reaching frame was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase protein of schistosoma japonica. the affinity-purified fusion protein was used to immunize rabbits. immunoprecipitation/western blot analysis demonstrated that the antisera specifically recognized ... | 2001 | 11805441 |
| circumvention of vector-specific neutralizing antibody response by alternating use of human and non-human adenoviruses: implications in gene therapy. | to determine whether non-human adenovirus-specific antibodies are cross-neutralizing, rabbit and mouse anti-human adenovirus type 5 (had5), anti-bovine adenovirus type 3 (bad3), and anti-porcine adenovirus type 3 (pad3) sera were used in cross-virus neutralization assays. adenovirus neutralizing antibodies were found to be virus-specific, suggesting that virus neutralizing epitope differs significantly in had5, bad3, and pad3. to further investigate whether immunity to an had5-derived vector cou ... | 2000 | 10873758 |
| sequence analysis of porcine adenovirus type 3 e1 region, pix and piva2 genes, and two novel open reading frames. | the porcine adenovirus type 3 (pad3) genome between map units 0 and 13.7 was sequenced and compared with similar regions of other adenoviruses. this region consists of the left inverted terminal repeat sequences involved in dna packaging, the entire early region 1 (e1) and the protein ix (pix) transcription unit. the lower strand contains the c-terminal end of iva2 of the e2a transcriptional unit and two novel open reading frames (orfs). the e1 transcription unit consists of orfs for proteins ho ... | 2000 | 10773731 |
| porcine adenovirus-3 as a helper-dependent expression vector. | porcine adenovirus has been proposed as a potential vector for generating novel and effective vaccines for pigs. as a prerequisite for the generation of helper-dependent porcine adenovirus-3 (pav-3) vectors, two e1-complementing porcine cell lines expressing e1 proteins of human adenovirus-5 (hav-5) were made. these cell lines could be efficiently transfected with dna and allowed the rescue and propagation of a pav-3 recombinant, pav201, containing a 0.597 kb e3 deletion and a 0.803 kb e1a delet ... | 1999 | 10580052 |
| genomic location and nucleotide sequence of a serotype 3 porcine adenovirus hexon gene. | the putative hexon gene of a porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pav3) has been identified, cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. the genomic location of the pav3 hexon gene was determined and an open reading frame (orf) encoding a polypeptide of 939 amino acids identified. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the putative pav3 hexon gene with the sequence of the hav2 hexon gene returned an overall identity of approximately 63%. a stop codon 144 nucleotides upstream and a start codon 18 ... | 1999 | 10446655 |
| development of porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector. | porcine adenovirus-3 (pav-3) was developed as an expression vector using homologous recombination in escherichia coli bj 5183. as a prerequisite, the complete genome of pav-3 was first introduced as a paci restriction fragment into a bacterial plasmid. the plasmid, when paci restricted and transfected into swine testicular cells, produces an infectious virus. the potential of this procedure was demonstrated by the construction of several pav-3 recombinants. part of the e3 region, which is noness ... | 1999 | 10091994 |
| sequence and transcription map analysis of early region-1 of porcine adenovirus type-3. | the nucleotide sequence of a region of the genome of porcine adenovirus-3 (pav-3) between map units 1 and 12.2 was determined. the sequenced region included four major open reading frames, and several transcription control elements. homology studies, using the deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frames, revealed genes coding for the e1a, e1b 202r, e1b 474r and pix proteins. the region was characterized by northern blot analysis and sequencing of cdna clones. in pav-3, the e1a region ... | 1998 | 9879766 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcription map of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the complete nucleotide sequence of porcine adenovirus type 3 was determined and a transcriptional map for the genome was constructed. the size of the genome is 34094 bp in length with an unusually high g + c content (63.7%), the highest thus far reported for any adenovirus. overall organization of the genome is similar to that for previously sequenced adenoviral dnas, but there also were distinct differences. the late regions genes are organized into six families, instead of five as they are in ... | 1998 | 9837805 |
| characterization of the early region 4 of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the nucleotide sequence of a 3028 bp dna segment, located between map co-ordinates 100 and 92 in the genome of porcine adenovirus type 3 (pav-3), was determined. the segment includes the entire early region 4 (e-4) and the right inverted terminal repeat sequences. there were two tata boxes and one canonical polyadenylation signal on the 1 strand. homology searches of the genbank data base for the predicted amino acid sequences revealed that, of the eight open reading frames (orfs) on the 1 stran ... | 1997 | 9354276 |
| nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the porcine adenovirus 23k protein. | the genomic location of the viral encoded protease (23k) of porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pav3) was determined and the appropriate fragment cloned and sequenced. an open reading frame (orf) coding for a polypeptide of 203 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 23.3 kda was found. the orf was situated in a position similar to that of the human adenovirus 23k, that is, between a putative stop codon for the hexon gene and the polyadenylation signal, aataaa, for the late region 3. amino a ... | 1996 | 8912929 |
| genomic location and nucleotide sequence of a porcine adenovirus penton base gene. | the putative penton base gene of a porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pav3) has been identified, cloned and sequenced. the genomic location of the pav3 penton base was deduced by probing a southern blot with a polymerase chain reaction generated product containing the human adenovirus type 2 (hav2) penton base gene. sequencing revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 1527 nucleotides coding for a polypeptide of 509 amino acids. however, cdna analysis indicated an acceptor splice site one nucleotide u ... | 1996 | 8774695 |
| potential viral vectors for the stimulation of mucosal antibody responses against enteric viral antigens in pigs. | four viruses were compared for their ability to induce an intestinal antibody response in piglets. antibodies were not detected in response to oral vaccination with either fowlpox virus or a baculovirus (bv). simultaneous oral dosing and parenteral inoculation with high concentrations of bv in an oil emulsion adjuvant induced high levels of circulating virus neutralising (vn) antibodies, and also low levels of intestinal antibodies when booster doses of virus were given. in response to oral vacc ... | 1993 | 8393209 |
| sequence analysis of putative pviii, e3 and fibre regions of porcine adenovirus type 3. | sequence analysis of a region of the genome of porcine adenovirus type 3 from map unit 79.5 to map unit 92 was performed. homology studies revealed genes coding for the hexon-associated protein pviii on the left and for the fibre protein on the right of the sequenced region. by analogy with the genomic organization of other adenoviruses, the 1179 bp sequence between the pviii and fibre open reading frames, extending from map unit 81.3 to map unit 84.7, was identified as the equivalent of the e3 ... | 1995 | 7625129 |
| the inactivation of viruses in cattle and pig slurry by aeration or treatment with calcium hydroxide. | porcine enterovirus type 2 or porcine adenovirus type 3 were seeded into samples of pig slurry, and a bovine enterovirus was seeded into cattle slurry, and samples of the slurry were aerated in the laboratory for 21 days. the viruses were inactivated more rapidly in the aerated slurry than in control slurry which was not aerated. the difference in inactivation rate was greatest for the porcine adenovirus and least for the bovine enterovirus. inactivation of the porcine enterovirus in aerated dis ... | 1979 | 219109 |
| bovine adenovirus type 3 internalization is independent of primary receptors of human adenovirus type 5 and porcine adenovirus type 3. | usefulness of adenoviral vectors derived from human adenovirus (had) type 5 (had5) is mainly limited by wide prevalence of preexisting anti-had5 immunity as well as non-specific tissue tropism of these vectors. as an alternative, non-human adenoviral vectors including bovine adenovirus type 3 (bad3) are currently being investigated. non-prevalence of bad3 in humans and its ability to evade preexisting had immunity are some of the features that make bad3 a promising vector for human gene delivery ... | 2005 | 15883040 |
| promoter activity of left inverted terminal repeat and downstream sequences of porcine adenovirus type 3. | early region 1 (e1) of porcine adenovirus type 3 (padv-3) consists of e1a and e1b transcription units. the authentic promoter region of e1a contains a tata box at nucleotide position (nt) 449 and a bifunctional regulatory element between nt 374 and 431, which enhances the transcription of e1a, but represses that of e1b. here, we investigated the role of the left inverted terminal repeat (itr) and its downstream sequences (between nt 151 and 312) in the transcription of early viral genes, and vir ... | 2004 | 15826912 |
| porcine adenovirus serotype 3 internalization is independent of car and alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin. | nonhuman adenoviruses including porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pad3) are emerging vectors for gene delivery. pad3 efficiently transduces human and murine cells in culture, and circumvents preexisting humoral immunity in humans. the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (car) serves as a primary receptor and alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 integrin as a secondary receptor for several human adenovirus (had) subtypes including had5. in this study, we deduced the role of car, alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5 inte ... | 2005 | 15661148 |
| porcine adenoviral vectors evade preexisting humoral immunity to adenoviruses and efficiently infect both human and murine cells in culture. | preexisting immunity against human adenoviruses (had) limits the efficiency of transduction of had vectors in humans. in addition, development of a vector-specific immune response after the first inoculation with a had vector further lowers vector uptake following readministration. we investigated the usefulness of porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pad3)-based vectors as a supplement to had vectors. here we demonstrate that preexisting had-specific neutralizing antibodies in humans do not cross-neu ... | 2004 | 15351486 |
| transcription mapping and characterization of proteins produced from early region 4 of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the early region 4 (e4) of porcine adenovirus 3 (padv-3) was characterized by northern blot, rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), rt-pcr and cdna sequence analysis. northern blot analysis revealed three different classes of transcripts, which appeared and peaked at different times post-infection. the rt-pcr, race and cdna sequence analysis identified nine major e4 transcripts, all of which shared a 107-bp 5' leader sequence and a 126-bp 3' terminus. these transcripts have one to three intron ... | 2007 | 17122893 |
| porcine adenovirus type 3 e1b large protein downregulates the induction of il-8. | replication-defective (e1-e3 deleted) adenovirus vector based gene delivery results in the induction of cytokines including il-8, which may contribute to the development of inflammatory immune responses. like other adenoviruses, e1 + e3 deleted porcine adenovirus (padv) 3 induces the production of il-8 in infected cells. in contrast, no il-8 production could be detected in cells infected with wild-type or mutant padv-3s containing deletion in e1a + e3 (pav211) or e1bsmall + e3 (pav212). expressi ... | 2007 | 17565687 |
| comparative analysis of vector biodistribution, persistence and gene expression following intravenous delivery of bovine, porcine and human adenoviral vectors in a mouse model. | nonhuman adenoviruses including bovine adenovirus serotype 3 (bad3) and porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pad3) can circumvent pre-existing immunity against human adenovirus serotype 5 (had5) and are being developed as alternative vectors for gene delivery. to assess the usefulness of these vectors for in vivo gene delivery, we compared biodistribution, persistence, state of vector genome, and transgene and vector gene expression by replication-defective bad3 and pad3 vectors with those of had5 vec ... | 2009 | 19211122 |
| characterization of cis-acting sequences involved in packaging porcine adenovirus type 3. | encapsidation of adenovirus dna involves specific interactions between cis-acting genomic dna sequences and trans-acting proteins. the cis-acting packaging domain located near the left inverted terminal repeat is composed of a series of redundant but not functionally equivalent motifs. such motifs are made up of the consensus sequence 5'-tttgn(8)cg-3' and 5'-tttg/a-3' in human adenovirus 5 (hav-5) and canine adenovirus-2 (cav-2), respectively. to gain comparative insight into adenovirus encapsid ... | 2003 | 14554092 |
| bovine adenovirus serotype 3 utilizes sialic acid as a cellular receptor for virus entry. | bovine adenovirus serotype 3 (bad3) and porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (pad3) entry into the host cells is independent of coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor and integrins. the role of sialic acid in bad3 and pad3 entry was investigated. removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase, or blocking sialic acid by wheat germ agglutinin lectin significantly inhibited bad3, but not pad3, transduction of madin-darby bovine kidney cells. maackia amurensis agglutinin or sambucus nigra (elder) agglutinin treatmen ... | 2009 | 19646729 |
| a porcine adenovirus with low human seroprevalence is a promising alternative vaccine vector to human adenovirus 5 in an h5n1 virus disease model. | human adenovirus 5 (adhu5) vectors are robust vaccine platforms however the presence of naturally-acquired neutralizing antibodies may reduce vector efficacy and potential for re-administration. this study evaluates immune responses and protection following vaccination with a replication-incompetent porcine adenovirus 3 (pav3) vector as an alternative vaccine to adhu5 using an avian influenza h5n1 disease model. vaccine efficacy was evaluated in balb/c mice following vaccination with different d ... | 2010 | 21179494 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis and molecular cloning of porcine adenovirus type 3. | the 6618 strain of porcine adenovirus type 3 was cultivated in swine testis cells, and viral dna was extracted from the infected cells by a modified hirt procedure. the dna was digested by each of 13 restriction endonucleases, and the number of cleavage sites which were identified varied from 1 to 17. the size of the porcine adenovirus type 3 genome, estimated from the sizes of the restriction enzyme fragments, was approximately 35 kb. fragments representing the entire genome were cloned. physic ... | 1993 | 8150597 |