| critical evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity in terrestrial and marine mammals: increasing impact of non-ortho and mono-ortho coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls from land to ocean. | residues of potentially toxic non-ortho chlorine substituted coplanar 3,3',4,4'-tetra-,3,3',4,4',5-penta-, 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and their mono- and di-ortho analogs 2,3',4,4',5-penta, 2,3,3',4,4'-penta-, 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexa- and 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexa-, 2,2',3,4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl) were determined in humans, dogs, cats (terrestrial), a finless porpoise (neophocoena phocoenoides--coastal), dall's porpoises (phocoenoides dalli, dalli), baird's beaked whales (berardius bairdii) and ki ... | 1989 | 2515809 |
| observations on baiji (lipotes vexillifer) and finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in the lower reaches of the chang jiang. | lipotes usually occurs in pairs or in small loose groups. the calves are born in march-april. the finless porpoises are usually seen in groups of five or six individuals. the blow of lipotes lasts 0.2-0.6 sec and that of neophocaena 0.2-0.5 sec. in lipotes, a short dive would take 10-20 sec and a long dive up to 1-2 min (average value being 31 sec). in neophocaena a long dive would reach a maximum of 65 sec with an average of 17.5 sec. lipotes has a pair of functional eyes. the selective seconda ... | 1980 | 7414316 |
| phylogenetic relationships among the true porpoises (cetacea:phocoenidae). | portions of the cytochrome b gene and control region of the mitochondrial dna molecule were sequenced to investigate systematic relationships among the six extant species of true porpoises, (cetacea: phocoenidae). phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences support a close relationship between burmeister's porpoise, phocoena spinipinnis, and the vaquita, phocoena sinus, and the association of these two species with the spectacled porpoise, australophocaena dioptrica. the latter ... | 1995 | 8747302 |
| postmortem findings in a finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides) calf stranded in hong kong. | | 1999 | 10070693 |
| post-mortem investigations on stranded dolphins and porpoises from hong kong waters. | stranded cetaceans reported from the territorial waters of hong kong during the period may 1993 to march 1998 were examined to establish factors that may have contributed to their death. during the current study, 28 indo-pacific hump-backed dolphins (sousa chinensis), 32 finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides), and four bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) were necropsied. bacteria (15 species) were isolated from nine animals. of these bacteria, 47% were of possible fecal origin reflect ... | 2000 | 10813617 |
| isomer-specific accumulation and toxic assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls, including coplanar congeners, in cetaceans from the north pacific and asian coastal waters. | to elucidate the global distribution and toxicological impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) on cetaceans, the present study determined the concentrations of individual pcb congeners, including toxic non-ortho (iupac nos. 77, 126, 169) and mono-ortho (iupac nos. 105, 118, 156) coplanar congeners, in the blubber of 10 species of adult male odontocetes collected from several locations in the north pacific ocean and along coastal waters of japan, hong kong, the philippines, and india during 1 ... | 2000 | 10948292 |
| comparison between visual and passive acoustic detection of finless porpoises in the yangtze river, china. | recently, sonar signals and other sounds produced by cetaceans have been used for acoustic detection of individuals and groups in the wild. however, the detection probability ascertained by concomitant visual survey has not been demonstrated extensively. the finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) have narrow band and high-frequency sonar signals, which are distinctive from background noises. underwater sound monitoring with hydrophones (b&k8103) placed along the sides of a research vessel, ... | 2001 | 11325140 |
| parasites from indo-pacific hump-backed dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in hong kong. | between 1993 and 1998, 28 indo-pacific hump-backed dolphins (sousa chinensis) and 32 finless porpoises (neophocaena phocoenoides) stranded in hong kong territorial waters were examined postmortem for parasites. the nematode halocercus pingi was discovered in the lungs of one hump-backed dolphin and in 10 finless porpoises, typically within abscesses or granulomata, and they were frequently accompanied by a catarrhal exudate and lesions characteristic of pneumonia. seven of the 10 finless porpois ... | 2001 | 11465264 |
| underwater sounds near a fuel receiving facility in western hong kong: relevance to dolphins. | western hong kong is home to two species of marine mammals: indo-pacific humpbacked dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides). both are threatened in many parts of their range in southeast asia [for example, international biological research institute reports 9 (1997), 41; asian marine biology 14 (1997) 111]. in 1998, when the new hong kong international airport opened in western hong kong, small tankers (about 100 m long, cargo capacity about 6300 metric tons) ... | 2002 | 12206406 |
| occurrence of synthetic musk fragrances in marine mammals and sharks from japanese coastal waters. | in this study, the occurrence of the polycyclic musk fragrances hhcb (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran) and ahtn (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyltetrahydeonaphthalene) in marine mammals and sharks collected from japanese coastal waters is reported. hhcb was present in the blubbers of all finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) analyzed (n = 8), at levels ranging from 13 to 149 ng/g on a wet weight basis. a fetus sample of finless porpoise contained a no ... | 2005 | 15952346 |
| evoked-potential audiogram of the yangtze finless porpoise neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. | | 2005 | 15957743 |
| echolocation signals of the free-ranging yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientialis). | this paper describes the high-frequency echolocation signals from free-ranging yangtze finless porpoise in the tian-e-zhou baiji national natural reserve in hubei province, china. signal analysis showed that the yangtze finless porpoise clicks are typical high-frequency narrow-band (relative width of the frequency spectrum q = 6.6 +/- 1.56, n = 548) ultrasonic pulses. the peak frequencies of the typical clicks range from 87 to 145 khz with an average of 125 +/- 6.92 khz. the durations range from ... | 2005 | 15957795 |
| population genetic structure of the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis): implications for management and conservation. | understanding the population genetic structure is a prerequisite for conservation of a species. the degree of genetic variability characteristic of the mitochondrial dna control region has been widely exploited in studies of population genetic structure and can be useful in identifying meaningful population subdivisions. to estimate the genetic profile of the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), an endangered freshwater population endemic to china, the complete mt ... | 2005 | 16144307 |
| a passive acoustic monitoring method applied to observation and group size estimation of finless porpoises. | the present study aimed at determining the detection capabilities of an acoustic observation system to recognize porpoises under local riverine conditions and compare the results with sighting observations. arrays of three to five acoustic data loggers were stationed across the main channel of the tian-e-zhou oxbow of china's yangtze river at intervals of 100-150 m to record sonar signals of free-ranging finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides). acoustic observations, concurrent with visual ... | 2005 | 16158672 |
| an assessment of the risks associated with polychlorinated biphenyls found in the stomach contents of stranded indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from hong kong waters. | the risks to indo-pacific humpback dolphins and finless porpoises associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were assessed. stomach contents from twelve stranded humpback dolphins and sixteen stranded finless porpoises were collected. concentrations of total and isomer-specific pcbs in the stomach contents were determined using dual-column gas chromatography equipped with electron capture detectors (gc-ecd). risks due to the pcbs were assessed in three scenarios, based on total pcbs (summa ... | 2006 | 16169043 |
| aquatic resource conservation. the first yangtze finless porpoise successfully born in captivity. | as the sole freshwater subspecies of finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides), the yangtze finless porpoise (n. p. asiaeorientalis) lives only in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river and its appended poyang and dongting lakes. as a result of human activity on the river, including over and illegal fishing, pollution, transportation and dam construction, the population of yangtze finless porpoises has been steadily and rapidly decreasing during the past several decades, which leads ... | 2005 | 16206715 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorines in small cetaceans from hong kong waters: levels, profiles and distribution. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorine compounds (ocs) were determined in the blubber, liver and kidney of indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in hong kong coastal waters during 1995-2001. among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, ddts were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 9.9 to 470 microg/g lipid wt. pbdes in hong kong cetaceans, which are reported for the first time, were ... | 2005 | 16291183 |
| origin of the double- and multi-pulse structure of echolocation signals in yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientialis). | the signals of dolphins and porpoises often exhibit a multi-pulse structure. here, echolocation signal recordings were made from four geometrically distinct positions of seven yangtze finless porpoises temporarily housed in a relatively small, enclosed area. some clicks demonstrated double-pulse, and others multi-pulse, structure. the interpulse intervals between the first and second pulse of the double- and multi-pulse clicks were significantly different among data from the four different posit ... | 2005 | 16419836 |
| temporal variation and biomagnification of organohalogen compounds in finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from the south china sea. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and organochlorine compounds (ocs) were determined in the blubber of male finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) collected in 1990 and 2000/01 from the south china sea. among the organohalogen compounds analyzed, ddts and pcbs were the predominant contaminants in the porpoises, ranging from 26,000 to 260,000 and 1400 to 28,000 ng/g lipid wt., respectively. pbdes ranged from a minimum of 84 ng/g lipid wt., in 1990 to a maximum of 980 ng/g lipid wt., in ... | 2006 | 16540219 |
| genetic variation of the mhc dqb locus in the finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a large multigene coding for glycoproteins that play a key role in the initiation of immune responses in vertebrates. the exon 2 region of the mhc dqb locus was analyzed using 160 finless porpoises from 5 populations in japanese waters. the 5 populations were based on a previous mitochondrial dna control region analysis, which showed distinct geographical separation. eight dqb alleles were detected, and the geographical distribution of the alleles in ... | 2006 | 16603807 |
| perfluorinated contaminants in sediments and aquatic organisms collected from shallow water and tidal flat areas of the ariake sea, japan: environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonate in aquatic ecosystems. | perfluorinated compounds (pfcs), such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos), perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), perfluorononanoate (pfna), perfluorohexane sulfonate (pfhs), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (pfosa) are widely distributed in aquatic ecosystems. despite studies reporting the occurrence of pfcs in aquatic organisms, the fate of pfcs in tidal flat and marine coastal ecosystems is not known. in this study, we determined concentrations of pfos, pfoa, pfna, pfhs, and pfosa in sediments; benthic or ... | 2006 | 16955886 |
| risk assessment of trace elements in the stomach contents of indo-pacific humpback dolphins and finless porpoises in hong kong waters. | the potential health risks due to inorganic substances, mainly metals, was evaluated for the two resident marine mammals in hong kong, the indo-pacific humpback dolphin (sousa chinensis) and the finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides). the stomachs from the carcasses of twelve stranded dolphins and fifteen stranded porpoises were collected and the contents examined. concentrations of thirteen trace elements (ag, as, cd, co, cr, cs, cu, hg, mn, ni, se, v and zn) were determined by inductively ... | 2007 | 16979696 |
| range-wide yangtze freshwater dolphin expedition: the last chance to see baiji? | there are two species of fresh water cetaceans surviving in the yangtze river system in china: baiji (lipotes vexillifer) and yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis). as a result of the expansion of human activities on the river, their distribution ranges appear to be decreasing and in the case of the baiji, are even being restricted to several sections. the baiji is the world's most critically endangered cetacean species with a population estimated at only a few tens ... | 2006 | 17120833 |
| serum concentrations of gonadotropins and steroid hormones of neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis in middle and lower regions of the yangtze river. | as a relatively isolated and unique freshwater population, the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) is the most endangered subpopulation of this species. the objective of this study was to improve our understanding of their reproductive endocrinology by measuring (radioimmunoassay) serum concentrations of fsh, lh, estradiol (e(2)), progesterone (p(4)) and testosterone (t(2)) in free-ranging animals. blood samples were collected from 66 yangtze finless porpoises (41 ... | 2007 | 17196248 |
| contamination level of mercury in red meat products from cetaceans available from south korea markets. | levels of total mercury (t-hg) were surveyed in red meat (n=73) and liver (n=3) from toothed whales, dolphins and porpoises (odontocetes) sold for human consumption in the coastal cities of south korea. high concentrations of t-hg were found in the liver products of finless porpoises (18.7 and 156 microg/wet g) and common dolphins (13.2 microg/wet g). the t-hg concentrations in red meat products were highest in the false killer whale (9.66+/-12.3 microg/wet g, n=9), bottlenose dolphin (10.6+/-12 ... | 2007 | 17395215 |
| occurrence of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in the brain of cetaceans stranded along the japanese coast. | levels of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (oh-pcbs) and pcbs were measured in the brain of melon-headed whales (mw: peponocephala electra), striped dolphins (sd: stenella coeruleoalba) and finless porpoises (fp: neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded along the japanese coast during 2002-2003. levels of oh-pcbs (including identified and unknown oh-p(5)cb, -h(6)cb, -h(7)cb and o(8)cb congeners) in the brain of mw, sd and fp were in the range of 20-290, 21-330 and 170-240pg/g wet wt., respective ... | 2007 | 17445835 |
| echolocation click sounds from wild inshore finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides sunameri) with comparisons to the sonar of riverine n. p. asiaeorientalis. | acoustic signals from wild neophocaena phocaenoides sunameri were recorded in the waters off liao-dong-wan bay located in bohai sea, china. signal analysis shows that n. p. sunameri produced "typical" phocoenid clicks. the peak frequencies f(p) of clicks ranged from 113 to 131 khz with an average of 121+/-3.78 khz (n=71). the 3 db bandwidths delta f ranged from 10.9 to 25.0 khz with an average of 17.5+/-3.30 khz. the signal durations delta t ranged from 56 to 109 micros with an average 80+/-11.4 ... | 2007 | 17552740 |
| isomer specific determination of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in small cetaceans from the south china sea--levels and temporal variation. | a diastereoisomer (alpha, beta, and gamma) specific analytical method for measuring hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms-ms). the method developed was applied to analyze blubber of small cetaceans to divulge the distribution and temporal variation of hbcds in the asian marine environment. hbcds were detected in all the blubber samples of finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) and indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chin ... | 2007 | 17568625 |
| the ontogeny of echolocation in a yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis). | acoustic and concurrent behavioral data from one neonatal male yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) in captivity were presented. the calf click train was first recorded at 22 days postnatal, and the frequency of hydrophone-exploration behavior with head scanning motions in conjunction with emissions of click trains by the calf increased gradually with age. the echolocation clicks in the first recorded click train were indistinguishable from those of adults. calf ec ... | 2007 | 17672621 |
| first human-caused extinction of a cetacean species? | the yangtze river dolphin or baiji (lipotes vexillifer), an obligate freshwater odontocete known only from the middle-lower yangtze river system and neighbouring qiantang river in eastern china, has long been recognized as one of the world's rarest and most threatened mammal species. the status of the baiji has not been investigated since the late 1990s, when the surviving population was estimated to be as low as 13 individuals. an intensive six-week multi-vessel visual and acoustic survey carri ... | 2007 | 17686754 |
| preliminary hazard assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans to yangtze finless porpoise in dongting lake, china. | yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), a protected endangered species, is the sole freshwater subspecies of finless porpoise, living only in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river, china, and its appended lakes. its population has decreased sharply to 1,400 because of human activities, including environmental contamination. in the present study, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ... | 2008 | 18333690 |
| estimation of the detection probability for yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) with a passive acoustic method. | yangtze finless porpoises were surveyed by using simultaneous visual and acoustical methods from 6 november to 13 december 2006. two research vessels towed stereo acoustic data loggers, which were used to store the intensity and sound source direction of the high frequency sonar signals produced by finless porpoises at detection ranges up to 300 m on each side of the vessel. simple stereo beam forming allowed the separation of distinct biosonar sound source, which enabled us to count the number ... | 2008 | 18537391 |
| total fluorine, extractable organic fluorine, perfluorooctane sulfonate and other related fluorochemicals in liver of indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from south china. | the concentrations of 10 pfcs (perfluorinated compounds: pfos, pfhxs, pfosa, n-etfosa, pfdoda, pfunda, pfda, pfna, pfoa, and pfhpa) were measured in liver samples of indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) (n=10) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) (n=10) stranded in hong kong between 2003 and 2007. pfos was the dominant pfc in the tissues at concentrations ranging at 26-693 ng/g ww in dolphins and 51.3-262 ng/g ww in porpoises. a newly developed combustion ion chromatograp ... | 2009 | 18805607 |
| temporal and spatial trends of organotin contamination in the livers of finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) and their association with parasitic infection status. | organotins (ots) are globally ubiquitous contaminants. contamination of ots, particularly butyltins (bts), has been suspected to cause immunosuppressive effects leading to subsequent infectious diseases or opportunistic infection by pathogens in marine mammals. in the present study, we collected individuals from five different populations of finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from coastal areas of japan (seto inland sea, ise bay, omura bay, and pacific coast) and hong kong, and measure ... | 2009 | 19772937 |
| temporal trends of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and detection of two novel flame retardants in marine mammals from hong kong, south china. | concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), and three novel flame retardants, namely2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (tbb), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (tbph), and hexachlorocyclopentadienyldibromocyclooctane (hcdbco), were determined in blubber samples of indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides). the levels of hbcds and pbdes in cetacean samples ranged from 4.1 to 519 and 10 ... | 2009 | 19806725 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls and their hydroxylated metabolites (oh-pcbs) in the blood of toothed and baleen whales stranded along japanese coastal waters. | in this study, we determined the residue levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and hydroxylated pcbs (oh-pcbs) in the blood from eight species of toothed whales and three species of baleen whales stranded along the japanese coast during 1999-2007. penta- through hepta-chlorinated pcb congeners were the dominant homologue groups in all cetaceans. in contrast, specific differences in the distribution of dominant oh-pcb isomers and homologues were found among the cetacean species. ... | 2010 | 20426459 |
| detection of benzotriazole uv stabilizers in the blubber of marine mammals by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (gc-hrms). | benzotriazole uv stabilizers (buvss), such as uv-328 and uv-327, were identified in the blubbers of finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) collected from the ariake sea, western japan, by gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (gc-hrms). the mean concentrations and standard deviations of uv-328 and uv-327 in five blubber samples were 38 ± 28 ng g(-1) (lipid wt) and 19 ± 19 ng g(-1), respectively. the bioconcentration factor (bcf) of uv-327 between water and finless porpoises ... | 2010 | 20959922 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2009-30 september 2009. | this article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: adelges tsugae, artemisia tridentata, astroides calycularis, azorella selago, botryllus schlosseri, botrylloides violaceus, cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, campylopterus curvipennis, colocasia esculenta, cynomys ludovicianus, cynomys leucurus, cynomys gunnisoni, ... | 2010 | 21565018 |
| historical and current records of aquarium cetaceans in china. | the number of cetaceans housed in aquariums in china is increasing. detailed information on the historical and current population status has not been reported, despite its importance for successful breeding and population management. questionnaires were conducted between december 2006 and may 2009, and the information was used to construct studbooks. our survey showed that 10 species had been introduced to aquariums since 1978, including 26 (with 15 in the current population) finless porpoises ( ... | 2011 | 21674602 |
| detection of helicobacter in the fecal material of the endangered yangtze finless porpoise neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. | in animals, infection by the epsilonproteobacteria helicobacter spp. and h. cetorum is widespread. it has been suggested that h. cetorum may cause gastritis in cetaceans. the aim of our study was to investigate the presence of helicobacter spp. in the fecal material of the endangered yangtze finless porpoise neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. the fecal material of 12 porpoises living in the wild in poyang lake and 1 porpoise living in captivity at the wuhan baiji dolphinarium were examine ... | 2011 | 21932536 |
| chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution in carnivores revealed by chromosome painting. | chromosomal evolution in carnivores has been revisited extensively using cross-species chromosome painting. painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of the domestic dog, which has one of the most rearranged karyotypes in mammals and the highest dipoid number (2n=78) in carnivores, are a powerful tool in detecting both evolutionary intra- and inter-chromosomal rearrangements. however, only a few comparative maps have been established between dog and other non-canidae species. here, we ... | 2012 | 22086079 |
| analysis of the bacterial diversity in the fecal material of the endangered yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. | the aim of this study was to determine the bacteria present in the fecal material of the endangered yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. fecal samples were collected from 12 yangtze finless porpoises living in the wild at poyang lake, located in jiangxi province, china. to determine the bacterial diversity, a 16s rrna gene clone library using the bacterial pcr primers fd1 and rp2, was prepared. a total of 138 near-full-length sequences were analyzed and 39 operatio ... | 2011 | 22201021 |
| identification of major dioxin-like compounds and androgen receptor antagonist in acid-treated tissue extracts of high trophic-level animals. | we evaluated the applicability of combining in vitro bioassays with instrument analyses to identify potential endocrine disrupting pollutants in sulfuric acid-treated extracts of liver and/or blubber of high trophic-level animals. dioxin-like and androgen receptor (ar) antagonistic activities were observed in baikal seals, common cormorants, raccoon dogs, and finless porpoises by using a panel of rat and human cell-based chemical-activated luciferase gene expression (calux) reporter gene bioassa ... | 2011 | 22003927 |
| de novo assembly and characterization of narrow-ridged finless porpoise renal transcriptome and identification of candidate genes involved in osmoregulation. | during the evolutionary transition from land to water, cetaceans have undergone numerous critical challenges, with osmoregulation being the major one. two subspecies of the narrow-ridged finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis), the freshwater yangtze finless porpoise (n. a. asiaeorientalis, naa) and the marine east asian finless porpoise (n. a. sunameri, nas), provide excellent subjects to understand the genetic basis of osmoregulatory divergence between freshwater and marine mammals. the ... | 2015 | 25608655 |
| frequent loss and alteration of the moxd2 gene in catarrhines and whales: a possible connection with the evolution of olfaction. | the moxd2 gene encodes a membrane-bound monooxygenase similar to dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and has been proposed to be associated with olfaction. in this study, we analyzed moxd2 genes from 64 mammalian species, and identified loss-of-function mutations in apes (humans, sumatran and bornean orangutans, and five gibbon species from the four major gibbon genera), toothed whales (killer whales, bottlenose dolphins, finless porpoises, baijis, and sperm whales), and baleen whales (minke whales and fin ... | 2014 | 25102179 |
| organization and characteristics of the major histocompatibility complex class ii region in the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). | little is known about the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) in the genome of yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) (yfp) or other cetaceans. in this study, a high-quality yfp bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library was constructed. we then determined the organization and characterization of yfp mhc class ii region by screening the bac library, followed by sequencing and assembly of positive bac clones. the yfp mhc class ii region consists of two segreg ... | 2016 | 26932528 |
| physicochemical evolution and molecular adaptation of the cetacean osmoregulation-related gene ut-a2 and implications for functional studies. | cetaceans have an enigmatic evolutionary history of re-invading aquatic habitats. one of their essential adaptabilities that has enabled this process is their homeostatic strategy adjustment. here, we investigated the physicochemical evolution and molecular adaptation of the cetacean urea transporter ut-a2, which plays an important role in urine concentration and water homeostasis. first, we cloned ut-a2 from the freshwater yangtze finless porpoise, after which bioinformatics analyses were condu ... | 2015 | 25762239 |
| first baff gene cloned from an aquatic mammal. | the finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides) is one of the smallest cetacean species. research into the immune system of the finless porpoise is essential to the protection of this species, but, to date, no genes coding for proteins from the tumor necrosis factor family (tnf family) have yet been reported from finless porpoises. the tnf b cell activating factor (baff) is critical to b cell survival, proliferation, maturation, and immunoglobulin secretion and to t cell activation. it acts thro ... | 2012 | 22588026 |
| isolation of culturable aerobic bacteria and evidence of kerstersia gyiorum from the blowhole of captive yangtze finless porpoises. | bacterial respiratory illnesses are problematic in aquatic mammals such as the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; yfp), which is now at a critically endangered status. yet little is known about the bacteria inhabiting the respiratory tract of yfps. in this study, we preliminarily characterized the culturable aerobic bacteria from blow samples of captive yfps. the bacterial diversity was assessed through cultivation by direct exhalation onto columbia blood agar ... | 2016 | 27251558 |
| comparative anatomy of the foramen ovale in the hearts of cetaceans. | the structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from 17 species representing six cetacean families, the monodontidae, phocoenidae, delphinidae, ziphiidae, balaenidae and the balaenopteridae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. eight white whale fetuses (delphinapterus leucas) and a narwhal fetus (monodon monoceros) represented the monodontidae; one fetal and nine neonatal harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and a finless porpoise fetus (neophocoena phocoenoides) represented the phoc ... | 2007 | 17532800 |
| assembly and characterization of the mhc class i region of the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). | the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; yfp) is the sole freshwater subspecies of n. asiaeorientalis and is now critically endangered. major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a family of highly polymorphic genes that play an important immunological role in antigen presentation in the vertebrates. currently, however, little is known about mhc region in the genome of the yfp, which hampers conservation genetics and evolutionary ecology study using mhc genes. in ... | 2016 | 26585324 |
| population- and growth-related differences in helminthic fauna of finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in five japanese populations. | a survey of helminths and ectoparasites, including epizoits, was conducted in narrow-ridged finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from japanese five populations using dead stranded or incidentally caught animals. in total, 13 helminth species were found (6 nematodes, 4 trematodes, 2 cestodes and 1 acanthocephalan) in 137 porpoises. a new location record of stenurus nanjingensis and a new host record of tetrabothrius sp. were obtained. eight species of helminth were considered common in ... | 2017 | 28070088 |
| toxic identification and evaluation of androgen receptor antagonistic activities in acid-treated liver extracts of high-trophic level wild animals from japan. | sulfuric acid-treated liver extracts of representative high-trophic level japanese animals were analyzed by toxic identification and evaluation (tie) with chemically activated luciferase expression (calux) and chemical analysis to elucidate androgen receptor (ar) antagonistic activities and potential contributions of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the activities were detected in striped dolphins (n = 5), stejneger's beaked whales (n = 6), golden eagle (n = ... | 2015 | 26321157 |
| impacts of marine debris on wild animals in the coastal area of korea. | over the last decade, marine debris has become a major factor affecting the coastal ecosystem of korea. this study compiled information regarding how marine debris impacts wildlife in korea. cases of marine debris impacting wildlife were collected from experts of various fields and from local participants through an open access website from february 2010 to march 2012. a total of 21 species were affected by marine debris: 18 species of birds, 2 species of mammals, and 1 species of crustacean. fi ... | 2013 | 23199729 |
| minke whale genome and aquatic adaptation in cetaceans. | the shift from terrestrial to aquatic life by whales was a substantial evolutionary event. here we report the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of the minke whale genome, as well as the whole-genome sequences of three minke whales, a fin whale, a bottlenose dolphin and a finless porpoise. our comparative genomic analysis identified an expansion in the whale lineage of gene families associated with stress-responsive proteins and anaerobic metabolism, whereas gene families related to bo ... | 2014 | 24270359 |
| investigation of trophic level and niche partitioning of 7 cetacean species by stable isotopes, and cadmium and arsenic tissue concentrations in the western pacific ocean. | a total of 24 stranded or bycatch cetaceans, including balaenoptera omurai, lagenodelphis hosei, kogia sima, stenella attenuata, grampus griseus, neophocaena phocaenoides, and sousa chinensis, were collected from 2001 to 2011 in taiwan. using the muscular δ(13)c and δ(15)n data, three ecological groups were identified as the oceanic baleen whale, the neritic, and the coastal toothed whale groups, coinciding with their taxonomy, feeding habits and geographical distribution. a horizontal inshore t ... | 2015 | 25684592 |
| hearing pathways in the yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis. | how an animal receives sound may influence its use of sound. while 'jaw hearing' is well supported for odontocetes, work examining how sound is received across the head has been limited to a few representative species. the substantial variation in jaw and head morphology among odontocetes suggests variation in sound reception. here, we address how a divergent subspecies, the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) hears low-, mid- and high-frequency tones, as well ... | 2014 | 24143026 |
| accumulation of organotin compounds in tissues and organs of dolphins from the coasts of thailand. | the concentration of organotin (ot) in seven species of dolphin (bottlenose dolphin, finless porpoise, indo-pacific humpbacked dolphin, long-beaked common dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin, and striped dolphin), which were stranded on the coasts of thailand, were measured. butyltin (bt) and phenyltin (pt) compounds in tissues and organs of the dolphins were in the range of 16-1,152 microg kg(-1) and <1-62 microg kg(-1), respectively. the highest concentration of tributyltin ( ... | 2008 | 17687583 |
| congener-specific polychlorinated biphenyls in cetaceans from taiwan waters. | during 2000 to 2001, a total of 73 blubber samples from 13 species of stranded or accidentally captured cetaceans were collected from taiwan coastal waters for polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) analysis. after homogenization, saponification, liquid-liquid extraction, and silica-gel solid-phase extraction, pcb concentrations were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. total concentrations of 19 pcb congeners (sigmapcbs) were between 0.23 microg/g lipid weight of risso's dolphin to 33.73 ... | 2004 | 15499506 |
| the source parameters of echolocation clicks from captive and free-ranging yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). | the clicks of yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) from 7 individuals in the tank of baiji aquarium, 2 individuals in a netted pen at shishou tian-e-zhou reserve and 4 free-ranging individuals at tianxingzhou were recorded using a broadband digital recording system with four element hydrophones. the peak-to-peak apparent source level (asl_pp) of clicks from individuals at the baiji aquarium was 167 db re 1 μpa with mean center frequency of 133 khz, -3db bandwid ... | 2015 | 26053758 |
| b-mode ultrasonographic evaluation of the testis in relation to serum testosterone concentration in male yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) during the breeding season. | the use of ultrasonography as a noninvasive tool for assessing the reproductive status of the male yangtze finless porpoise (yfp; neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) was validated by correlating ultrasonographically determined testicular volume (tv) and testicular parenchyma pixel intensity (pi) with serum testosterone (t) concentration. the testes of 13 free-ranging male yfps from the tian-e-zhou reserve and three captive animals from the baiji dolphinarium (wuhan, china) were examined ul ... | 2010 | 19945744 |
| high similarity at three mhc loci between the baiji and finless porpoise: trans-species or convergent evolution? | two dra alleles and six mhc-i alleles were identified from a group of 15 baiji (lipotes vexillifer), the most threatened cetacean in the world. little sequence variation was detected at the dra locus but extensive variation at the mhc-i locus. in combination with data at the dqb locus previously reported, three mhc loci exon 2 of the baiji all revealed striking similarity with those of the finless porpoise. especially, some identical alleles shared by both species at the mhc-i and dqb loci sugge ... | 2008 | 18328734 |
| echolocation range of captive and free-ranging baiji (lipotes vexillifer), finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides), and bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | the interclick intervals of captive dolphins are known to be longer than the two-way transit time between the dolphin and a target. in the present study, the interclick intervals of free-ranging baiji, finless porpoises, and bottlenose dolphins in the wild and in captivity were compared. the click intervals in open waters ranged up to 100-200 ms, whereas the click intervals in captivity were in the order of 4-28 ms. echolocation of free-ranging dolphins appears to adapt to various distance in na ... | 1998 | 10491711 |
| enamel structure in odontocete whales. | with regard to the enamel structure of mammals, a large number of studies have been reported in the past. of them, however, the enamel structure of odontocetes has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. the author therefore observed the enamel structure of 11 species in 7 families of living odontocetes. a clear prism structure in the enamel is noted in delphinids and pontoporia blainvillei. neophocaena phocaenoides has a very simple-structured prism, but even this structure is obvious only in the ... | 1987 | 3659855 |
| parasitic infections in the east asian finless porpoise neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri living off the chinese yellow/bohai sea coast. | parasitic disease is among the major causes of health problems in marine mammals. however, little information on parasitic species composition and infection levels in finless porpoises (neophocaena spp.) is available. in this study, we report the first systematic survey on parasitic infections in the east asian finless porpoise n. asiaeorientalis sunameri (eafp) living off the chinese yellow/bohai sea coast. using both morphological and molecular methods, 5 parasitic helminths were identified: c ... | 2017 | 28627493 |
| behavioral laterality in yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). | the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a critically endangered species with less than 1000 individuals expected to be left in the wild. while many studies have been conducted on laterality among several cetacean species, no studies investigating the yangtze finless porpoise have been conducted. using event sampling methods, several behaviors such as flipper-body touching, object touching, barrel-rolls, side swimming, and swimming direction were recorded fro ... | 2017 | 28454916 |
| using environmental dna to assess population-wide spatiotemporal reserve use. | scientists increasingly rely on protected areas to assist in biodiversity conservation, yet the efficacy of these areas is rarely systematically assessed, often because of underfunding. still, adaptive management strategies to maximize conservation success often rely on understanding the temporal and spatial dynamism of populations therein. examination of environmental dna (edna) is a time and cost-effective way to monitor species' distribution, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) ... | 2017 | 28221696 |
| trace element concentrations, risks and their correlation with metallothionein genes polymorphism: a case study of narrow-ridged finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) in the east china sea. | the concentration of trace elements (tes) and their risk to narrow-ridged finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) are still unclear. the present study determined the concentration of typical tes in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues from porpoises in the east china sea, assessed potential health risk of tes to porpoises, and explored the relationship between te concentration and metallothionein genes (mts) polymorphism. it was found that zn, cu, mn, cd and hg were highly accumulated in li ... | 2017 | 27697338 |
| parentage-based group composition and dispersal pattern studies of the yangtze finless porpoise population in poyang lake. | social behaviors are poorly known for the critically endangered yangtze finless porpoise (yfp, neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). here, group composition and dispersal patterns of the yfp population living in the poyang lake were studied by parentage-based pedigree analyses using 21 microsatellite loci and a 597 bp segment of the mitochondrial dna control region. in this study, 21 potential mother-offspring pairs and six potential father-offspring pairs (including two potential parent ... | 2016 | 27529217 |
| accumulation and temporal changes of pcdd/fs and dioxin-like pcbs in finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from korean coastal waters: tracking the effectiveness of regulation. | temporal trend studies are useful to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations on local pollutants. the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) has been regulated by the korean government in accordance with the stockholm convention. the accumulation and temporal trends of pcdd/fs and dioxin-like pcbs were investigated in finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) collected in korean waters. median concentrati ... | 2016 | 26971816 |
| fecal bacterial composition of the endangered yangtze finless porpoises living under captive and semi-natural conditions. | intestinal microbiota is essential to the health and physiology of host animals. we undertook the first microbiological study of the fecal bacterial composition from critically endangered (cr) yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; yfps) living under captive and semi-natural conditions using both high-throughput sequencing method and 16s rrna gene clone library method. as determined by high-throughput sequencing of v3-v4 regions of the 16s rrna gene, semi-natural ... | 2016 | 26620537 |
| mitochondrial genome of the neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis (phocaenidae: neophocaena). | yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis, is a cetacea animal which has been reclassified as a critically endangered species by iucn in 2013. in this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of n. a. asiaeorientalis for use in future phylogenetic analyses. the complete mitochondrial genome of n. a. asiaeorientalis (16,385 bp in length) contained 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrna genes, and 22 trna genes) and a non-coding region (d-loop). additio ... | 2016 | 25703854 |
| effects of fish community on occurrences of yangtze finless porpoise in confluence of the yangtze and wanhe rivers. | the yangtze finless porpoise is a subspecies of narrow-ridged finless porpoise endemic to the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river and the adjoining poyang and dongting lakes. with the depletion of fish stocks in the yangtze river in recent decades, food availability has become the most important factor affecting the survival of this subspecies. despite this, the relationships between fish community and occurrences of porpoise are far from being fully understood. therefore, during septe ... | 2015 | 25619818 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of the critically endangered yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) as revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite dna. | ecological surveys have indicated that the population of the critically endangered yangtze finless porpoise (yfp, neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is becoming increasingly small and fragmented, and will be at high risk of extinction in the near future. genetic conservation of this population will be an important component of the long-term conservation effort. we used a 597 base pair mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region and 11 microsatellite loci to analyze the genetic diversity a ... | 2014 | 24968271 |
| frequent and prolonged nocturnal occupation of port areas by yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis): forced choice for feeding? | during the yangtze freshwater dolphin expedition 2012, yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) were acoustically monitored in 9 port areas at night. during 6566 min of nocturnal monitoring, porpoise sonar was detected for 488 min (7.43% of the total time). of all 81 encounters, the longest echolocation span obtained was 102.9 min, suggesting frequent and prolonged porpoise occupation of the port areas. a combined total of 2091 click trains were recorded, with 129 (6.2%) containin ... | 2015 | 24920210 |
| the diel rhythms of biosonar behavior in the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) in the port of the yangtze river: the correlation between prey availability and boat traffic. | information on the habitat use of the critically endangered yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is critical for its conservation. the diel biosonar behavior of the porpoise in the port areas of the yangtze river was examined along with simultaneous observations of fish density and boat traffic. biosonar pulses from the porpoises were detected for 1233 min (5.77%) over a 21,380 min duration of effective observations. in total, 190 (5.63%) buzzes (an indication o ... | 2014 | 24823945 |
| isolation of robinsoniella peoriensis from the fecal material of the endangered yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis. | the aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of diarrhea in an endangered yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). from the fecal material collected from this porpoise robinsoniella peoriensis was isolated. | 2013 | 23298816 |
| accumulation of butyltin compounds in finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) from korean coast: tracking the effectiveness of tbt regulation over time. | the concentrations of butyltin compounds (bts) were measured in the livers of finless porpoises (neophocaena asiaeorientalis) caught off the korean coast in 2003 and 2010, to assess the effectiveness of legislative action against bts. the concentrations of bts ranged from 65.1 to 1432 (average: 370) ng/g wet weight, within the ranges reported by previous studies. the levels of bts in almost all the samples exceeded the suggested threshold value, implying potential adverse health effects from the ... | 2013 | 23207253 |
| passive acoustic survey of yangtze finless porpoises using a cargo ship as a moving platform. | in order to periodically investigate the population and distribution of the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) in its main distribution range in the yangtze river, a passive acoustic system deployed on a cargo ship as a moving platform, rather than a dedicated research ship, was developed. a stereo acoustic event data-logger (a-tag) was installed on the cargo ship to passively detect phonating animals. in three surveys carried out in the yangtze river from wuh ... | 2011 | 21973384 |
| establishment and characterization of fibroblast cell lines from the skin of the yangtze finless porpoise. | the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis), as the sole freshwater subspecies of n. phocaenoides, is endemic to the yangtze river and its adjacent lakes. its population has declined significantly over recent decades. in this study, we established a skin-derived finite fibroblast cell line of the yangtze finless porpoise, named yfp-sf1, using primary cell culture methods, and an immortalized cell line, t-yfp-sf1, through co-transfection (gfp and sv40 t antigens) techn ... | 2011 | 21959845 |
| auditory temporal resolution and evoked responses to pulsed sounds for the yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis). | temporal cues are important for some forms of auditory processing, such as echolocation. among odontocetes (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises), it has been suggested that porpoises may have temporal processing abilities which differ from other odontocetes because of their relatively narrow auditory filters and longer duration echolocation signals. this study examined auditory temporal resolution in two yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) using auditory evok ... | 2011 | 21909973 |
| noise-induced temporary threshold shift and recovery in yangtze finless porpoises neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. | in yangtze finless porpoises neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis, the effects of fatiguing noise on hearing thresholds at frequencies of 32, 45, 64, and 128 khz were investigated. the noise parameters were: 0.5-oct bandwidth, -1 to +0.5 oct relative to the test frequency, 150 db re 1 μpa (140-160 db re 1 μpa in one measurement series), with 1-30 min exposure time. thresholds were evaluated using the evoked-potential technique allowing the tracing of threshold variations with a temporal reso ... | 2011 | 21786923 |
| ethogram of yangtze finless porpoise calves (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis). | underwater behavioral patterns of one yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) calf in captivity and those performed on the water surface by two calves in semi-natural environment were focally followed and continuously recorded until one year postpartum to construct the ethogram. the results indicate that 1) the three calves could display diverse and active behavioral patterns; 2) soon after birth, patterns critical for survival appeared first; 3) playful and social pa ... | 2010 | 20979255 |
| widespread passive acoustic detection of yangtze finless porpoise using miniature stereo acoustic data-loggers: a review. | data on distribution, abundance, ecology, and behavior are essential for conservation and management of endangered animals in the wild. yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) is an endangered small odontocete species, living exclusively in the yangtze river and its connecting poyang and dongting lakes. frequent production of high-frequency bio-sonar signals allows the animal to be detectable using passive acoustic methods. recently, a stereo acoustic event data-logge ... | 2010 | 20815482 |
| variation in sexual behaviors in a group of captive male yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis): motivated by physiological changes? | most male mammals in temperate regions demonstrate seasonal sexual behaviors that coincide with seasonal variations in gonadal activities and androgen hormones. the yangtze finless porpoise is a temperate freshwater cetacean species and an obvious seasonal breeder. to investigate the relationship between sexual behavior and gonadal activity in this animal, testicular size (volume) and structure (ultrasonogram pixel intensity) of two adult male porpoises (af, ab) and one sub-adult male (tt) were ... | 2010 | 20708252 |
| high mhc dqb variation and asymmetric allelic distribution in the endangered yangtze finless porpoise, neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. | the endangered yangtze finless porpoise is found in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river and its adjoining big lakes. to explore the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genetic diversity and allelic distribution patterns across its range, we investigated variation at dqb exon 2. from 76 porpoises, we identified 18 dqb sequences. the freshwater yangtze populations had much higher allelic diversity than marine populations. among these freshwater populations, the middle-reach popula ... | 2010 | 20087659 |
| ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis). | semen sample was collected from two captive adult yangtze finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) during physical examination. one individual was aged about 9 years with body length 143 cm (total length) and body weight 46.1 kg in 2003. the age of the other was unknown and its body length was 147 cm and body weight was 43 kg in 2004. ultrastructure of their spermatozoa was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscope. the sperm concentration was 4.17 x 10(9) ... | 2009 | 19519735 |
| comparison of stationary acoustic monitoring and visual observation of finless porpoises. | the detection performance regarding stationary acoustic monitoring of yangtze finless porpoises neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis was compared to visual observations. three stereo acoustic data loggers (a-tag) were placed at different locations near the confluence of poyang lake and the yangtze river, china. the presence and number of porpoises were determined acoustically and visually during each 1-min time bin. on average, porpoises were acoustically detected 81.7+/-9.7% of the entire e ... | 2009 | 19173440 |
| sonar gain control in echolocating finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) in an open water. | source levels of echolocating free-ranging yangtze finless porpoise (neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) were calculated using a range estimated by measuring the time delays of the signals via the surface and bottom reflection paths to the hydrophone, relative to the direct signal. peak-to-peak source levels for finless porpoise were from 163.7 to 185.6 db re: 1 micropa. the source levels are highly range, dependent and varied approximately as a function of the one-way transmission loss fo ... | 2006 | 17069278 |
| nonconstant quality of auditory filters in the porpoises, phocoena phocoena and neophocaena phocaenoides (cetacea, phocoenidae). | simultaneous tone-tone masking in conjunction with the envelope-following response (efr) recording was used to obtain tuning curves in porpoises phocoena phocoena and neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis. the efr was evoked by amplitude-modulated probes with a modulation rate of 1000 hz and carrier frequencies from 22.5 to 140 khz. equivalent rectangular quality qerb of the obtained tuning curves varied from 8.3-8.6 at lower (22.5-32 khz) probe frequencies to 44.8-47.4 at high (128-140 khz) ... | 2006 | 16708972 |
| tissue partition and risk assessments of trace elements in indo-pacific finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from the pearl river estuary coast, china. | throughout the last few decades, an increased number of stranded marine mammals, particularly the indo-pacific finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides), were observed in the pearl river estuary (pre). as long-lived, apex predators vulnerable to bioaccumulation of contaminants, the tissue residue levels and health risk of trace elements (tes) in n. phocaenoides from the pre have been little studied. eleven typical tes distributed in skin, liver and kidney tissues were investigated from 25 spe ... | 2017 | 28772357 |
| the myodural bridge existing in the nephocaena phocaenoides. | recent studies have identified that the myodural bridge (mdb) between the rectus capitis posterior minor (rcpmi) and the cervical spinal dura mater in the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace in humans. and it was supposed that the mdb may play essential physiological roles. as a result, the mdb is possibly a highly conserved structure in the evolution of mammals. however, there is little confirmative description about the existence of the mdb in marine mammals. the objective of this study was ... | 2017 | 28278181 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated analogues in the blood of harbor, dall's and finless porpoises from the japanese coastal waters. | this study investigated the accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated analogues (oh-pbdes and meo-pbdes) in the blood of harbor porpoises, dall's porpoises, and finless porpoises stranded or bycaught in japanese coastal waters and in the north pacific ocean. moreover, we suggested the origins of these contaminants and the factors affecting their pattern of accumulation. levels of pbdes in dall's porpoises were one order of magnitude greater th ... | 2017 | 27836186 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the neophocaena asiaeorientails sunamrei (phocaenidae: neophocaena). | the complete sequence of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the east asian finless porpoise (neophocaena asiaeorientails sunamrei) has been completed and annotated in this study. the circular genome is 16 385 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and 2 non-coding areas. ten protein-coding genes use atg as the initiation codon, except that nd2 started with att, and nd3 and nd5 started with ata. canonical taa and tag termination codons are ... | 2017 | 27211112 |
| perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in marine mammals from the south china sea and their temporal changes 2002-2014: concern for alternatives of pfos? | perfluorinated sulfonic acids (pfsas) and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas), as well as the replacement for the phase-out c8 pfsas were determined in the liver samples of indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from the south china sea between 2002 and 2014. levels of total perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) in samples ranged from 136-15,300 and 30.5-2,720 ng/g dw for dolphin and porpoise, respectively. significant increasing trends ... | 2016 | 26889942 |
| temporal trends and pattern changes of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in marine mammals from the south china sea over the past decade. | temporal trends of short- (sccps) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (mccps) were examined in blubber samples of 50 finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) and 25 indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) collected from the south china sea between 2004 and 2014. elevated levels of sccps and mccps were detected in all blubber samples of both cetacean species. concentrations of sccps ranged from 280 to 3900 ng·g(-1) dry weight (dw) in porpoises and from 430 to 9100 ng·g(-1) dw in d ... | 2015 | 26335162 |
| cetacean noise criteria revisited in the light of proposed exposure limits for harbour porpoises. | the impact of underwater noise on marine life calls for identification of exposure criteria to inform mitigation. here we review recent experimental evidence with focus on the high-frequency cetaceans and discuss scientifically-based initial exposure criteria. a range of new tts experiments suggest that harbour and finless porpoises are more sensitive to sound than expected from extrapolations based on results from bottlenose dolphins. furthermore, the results from tts experiments and field stud ... | 2015 | 25467877 |
| phylogeography of the finless porpoise (genus neophocaena): testing the stepwise divergence hypothesis in the northwestern pacific. | we used 344 mitochondrial control region (717 bp) sequences from the finless porpoise (genus neophocaena) from the northwestern pacific to investigate the extent and manner in which past climatic oscillations may have shaped patterns of genetic diversity for this marine mammal. both splitstree and analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed the presence of a deep divergence among n. phocaenoides in subtropical waters compared with n. asiaeorientalis in temperate waters. results from migrate- ... | 2014 | 25303422 |
| acoustic capture-recapture method for towed acoustic surveys of echolocating porpoises. | passive acoustic monitoring for cetaceans mainly employ fixed-location methods or point transect samplings; an acoustic survey from a moving platform to conduct line transects is less common. in this study, acoustic capture-recapture by combining a double-observer method with line transect sampling was performed to observe yangtze finless porpoises. two acoustic devices were towed with the distance between them varying 0.5 to 89.5 m. the conditional probabilities that both devices would detect t ... | 2014 | 24907799 |
| changes of accumulation profiles from pbdes to brominated and chlorinated alternatives in marine mammals from the south china sea. | the present study investigated the composition profiles and levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and five pbde alternatives in the blubber of two species of marine mammals, indo-pacific humpback dolphins (sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (neophocaena phocaenoides) from the south china sea. despite the fact that pbdes were the most predominant brominated flame retardants in the samples analyzed, decabromodiphenyl ethane (dbdpe), 1,2-bis (2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (btbpe), bi ... | 2014 | 24530800 |