| characterization of two new serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus. | two new virus isolates, one from a california sea lion (zalophus californianus californianus) and the other from a northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) were partially characterized. their physicochemical characteristics were similar to those of vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) and san miguel sea lion virus (smsv). the virion morphology was in both instances typically calicivirus. on the basis of this and the serum cross-neutralization testing, these isolates were classed as two new t ... | 1977 | 67101 |
| observations on the infectivity of parasitic third-stage larvae of uncinaria lucasi stiles 1901 (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) of northern fur seals, callorhinus ursinus linn., on st. paul island, alaska. | twelve fur seal pups, which had not nursed their mothers, were used in an infectivity experiment. pups were exposed to parasitic 3rd-stage larvae of uncinaria lucasi from belly tissues of fur seal bulls, bachelors, and pregnant cows, to determine maturation capability of the larvae. hookworms were not recovered from the intestines of 3 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bulls, 6 pups receiving larvae from belly blubber of bachelors, and 1 nonexposed pup. maturation of hookworms did occu ... | 1978 | 149188 |
| a new calicivirus isolated from a marine mammal. | a new serotype of calicivirus, designated as san miguel sea lion virus type 6 (smsv-6), was isolated from vesicular lesions on the flipper of a california sea lion pup. serologic studies show that smsv-6 neutralizing antibodies (sn) occur frequently among california sea lions and occasionally among northern fur seals. feral swine, 1- to 6-week elephant seal pups and grey whales tested negative for smsv-6 antibody. | 1979 | 227346 |
| viruses and virus diseases of marine mammals. | poxvirus and several serotypes of calicivirus cause recognizable disease in marine mammals. pox lesions in pinnipeds are raised and proliferative and are seen most frequently after confinement in captivity. in cetaceans, a poxvirus is associated with a much more benign and chronic lesion called a "tattoo." numerous caliciviruses of differing antigenic types have been isolated from vesicular lesions and aborted fetuses of northern fur seals and california sea lions as well as from clinically norm ... | 1979 | 230170 |
| plasma biochemical values of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | seventeen biochemical constituents were assayed in the blood plasma of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). the sea lions formed part of a breeding colony which inhabits the southern coast of kangaroo island, south australia. little variation was found in any of the values obtained from animals of different age and sex. the results were compared with values published for california sea lions (zalophus californianus), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), harbor seals (p ... | 1979 | 459034 |
| salmonellae in feral pinnipeds off the southern california coast. | rectal swabs were collected from 90 northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) and 50 california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups on san miguel island for salmonella screening. three serotypes (newport, heidelberg, and oranienburg) were recovered from 33% of the fur seals and 40% of the sea lions. | 1979 | 522219 |
| isolation of san miguel sea lion virus from samples of an animal food product produced from northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) carcasses. | a virus was isolated from california sea lions (zalophus californianus californianus) and northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) in 1972. it was later named san miguel sea lion virus (smsv). state and federal livestock disease control agencies became concerned, because smsv was found to be indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema of swine virus and to cause (in laboratory trials) clinical signs in swine similar to those produced by vesicular exanthema of swine virus. ground carcasses of nort ... | 1978 | 629435 |
| prevalence of vesicular exanthema of swine antibodies among feral mammals associated with the southern california coastal zones. | serum-neutralizing antibodies to both vesicular exanthema of swine virus (vesv) and san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) were found in a number of animal species having an association with the southern california coastal zones. california sea lions (zalophus californianus) had antibodies to 9 vesv types (a48, c52, d53, e54, f54, g55, i55, j56, and k56). fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and elephant seal pups (mirounga angustirostris) were tested for antibodies to 6 vesv types and all were negative. c ... | 1978 | 629463 |
| comparative anatomical studies on the nerves and muscles of the posterior limb of the northern fur seal and cat. | | 1978 | 652268 |
| [comparative anatomy of the spinal cord of semi-aquatic, aquatic and terrestrial mammals]. | skeletotopically, cervical thickening of the spinal cord in semiwater mammals (callorhinus ursinus, eumetopias jubatus, phoca larga, phoca kurilensis, enhydra lutris) corresponds to 4--5, and in terrestrial mammals (ursus arctos, vulpes vulpes)--to 3--6 cervical vertebrae. lumbar thickening in terrestrial spicies and in enhydra lutris is situated more caudally from the thoracic portion than in phocidae. in a typically water animal (phocaenoides dalli) the cervical thickening is expressed feebly, ... | 1978 | 736804 |
| hazards of disease transfer from marine mammals to land mammals: review and recent findings. | in a 5-year study (1972-1977) of microbial agents isolated from both clinically normal and diseased marine mammals, it was shown that certain disease agents are widespread in a diversity of ocean populations and that some are also transmissible to a number of terrestrial mammal species. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona has been isolated repeatedly from 2 species of pinnipeds (zalophus californianus califonianus and callorhinus ursinus). some of the more important bacterial pathogens for lan ... | 1978 | 738931 |
| activities of dichlorvos or disophenol against the hookworm (uncinaria lucasi) and sucking lice of northern fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | one controlled and six critical tests were conducted in july, 1977 with northern fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) to determine the efficacies of a single dose of dichlorvos capsules at 29.3 to 32.8 mg/kg, tablets at 10.5 to 11.5 mg/kg, or disophenol at 9.9 mg/kg given subcutaneously against natural infections of adult uncinaria lucasi. in the controlled test, 20 pups were treated and 10 pups were nontreated. removal of hookworms in this test was 99% for five pups receiving dichlorvos capsules ... | 1978 | 739586 |
| chlorinated hydrocarbon and pcb residues in tissues and lice of northern fur seals, 1972. | ddt, dieldrin, and pcb contents of tissues and the sucking lice of the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) were studied in samples collected in july 1972 in the pribilof islands, alaska. they included the analyses of two nursing cows and their two newborn pups, three 2-month-old pups, and the sucking lice inhabiting these animals, antarctophthirus callorhini and proechinophthirus fluctus. the sigmaddt content of fat tissue was 5.2, 5.6 and 63 mug/g (-/x) for cows, newborns, and 2-month-old p ... | 1976 | 826876 |
| naturally-occurring leptospirosis in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | a 4-year study of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) leptospirosis in the bering sea has shown that in newborn pups leptospira pomona is associated with a multiple hemorrhage syndrome. adults may develop an interstitial nephritis and shed organisms in the urine. the hed prevalence, based on microscopic slide agglutination tests, ranged between 7.0% and 15.4% for adult females and 3-4 year old bachelor bulls, whereas nursing pups averaging 4 months of age had a prevalence of 2%. these result ... | 1977 | 864847 |
| antibodies to marine caliciviruses in the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens illiger). | sera from 155 pacific walruses (odobenus rosmarus divergens illiger), sampled in the chukchi sea during the summer of 1983, were tested for serum neutralizing (sn) antibodies to six marine calicivirus serotypes. serotypes tested included san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) types 1, 5, 8, and 10, previously isolated from northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus linné) in the bering sea; walrus calicivirus (wcv), previously isolated from walrus feces collected off sea ice in the chukchi sea; and tilla ... | 1986 | 3712641 |
| prevalence and distribution of serum neutralizing antibodies to tillamook (bovine) calicivirus in selected populations of marine mammals. | neutralizing antibodies to tillamook calicivirus (tcv) were found in sera collected from california sea lions (zalophus c. californianus lesson) in 1983 and 1984 and in sera collected from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus schreber) in 1976 and 1985. the combined prevalence of antibodies for these two species was 10/228 = 4.38%. titers ranged from 1:20 (five animals), to 1:40 (four animals), to 1:80 (one animal) by standard microtiter neutralization assay. the seropositive pinnipeds were dis ... | 1987 | 3820428 |
| ocular anterior segment disease in northern fur seals. | eyes of 1,716 wild northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus; 1,501 subadults and 215 adults) were examined for the prevalence of ocular anterior segment disease; 4.6% of the seals had clinically recognizable eye lesions. six seals had bilateral eye lesions. corneal scars were the most frequently observed lesion, followed by prominent lens sutures, cataracts, and iris depigmentations. corneal edema, active corneal ulceration, or inflammation was not observed. examination of normal corneas indicate ... | 1985 | 3878353 |
| dipetalonema odendhali (nematoda: filarioidea) from the northern fur seal, with a description of the microfilaria. | | 1971 | 4103846 |
| hemolytic escherichia coli as the cause of acute enterotoxemia in a captive northern fur seal. | | 1974 | 4606610 |
| life cycle of uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901 (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) of fur seals, callorhinus ursinus linn., on the pribilof islands, alaska. | | 1965 | 5892851 |
| pathology of the northern fur seal. | | 1965 | 5898899 |
| serologic studies and isolation of bedsonia agents from northern fur seals on the pribilof islands. | | 1966 | 5950519 |
| candidiasis in captive pinnipeds. | diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). the animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular ... | 1984 | 6096327 |
| preliminary investigation of a possible lung worm (parafilaroides decorus), fish (girella nigricans), and marine mammal (callorhinus ursinus) cycle for san miguel sea lion virus type 5. | colostrum-deprived neonatal northern fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) were exposed to san miguel sea lion virus type 5 (smsv-5) by feeding them fish (girella nigricans) infected with virus or fish infected with both the sea lion lung worm larvae (parafilaroides decorus) and virus. virus infection was demonstrated in 8 of 9 pups, and 1 of these developed a vesicular lesion on the flipper. in this sequence, p decorus larvae exposed to smsv-5 were fed to g nigricans held at 15 c in a salt water ... | 1980 | 6259973 |
| further indication of viability of larvae of the hookworm (uncinaria lucasi) for several years in tissues of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | | 1984 | 6541690 |
| milk of northern fur seal: composition, especially carbohydrate and protein. | the milk of northern fur seal was analyzed with special interest in carbohydrate and protein. high solids (61%) and fat (45.6%) were characteristics of its gross composition. fatty acid distribution showed that more than 22% of the fatty acids had carbon chains longer than 20 and that approximately 70% contained one or more double bonds. analysis of free sugars showed no lactose but 123 mg/100 ml of myo-inositol. in carbohydrates bound to casein, .99% of sialic acid and .2% of glucosamine were d ... | 1983 | 6643805 |
| delayed implantation in the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) and other pinnipeds. | delayed implantation is an obligate part of the reproductive cycle of many (possibly all) pinniped species, the duration of delay ranging from 2 to 4 months depending on the length of gestation. blastocyst reactivation and implantation in the northern fur seal occur during decreasing photoperiods, and are preceded by increase in the circulating concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone. however, neither experimental shortening of photoperiod, nor injections of oestradiol-17 beta or p ... | 1981 | 6939867 |
| salmonella meningoencephalomyelitis in a northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). | salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the brain of a neonatal northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) with gross and microscopic lesions of meningoencephalomyelitis. microscopic lesions in the liver and lung suggested septicemia. | 1980 | 6990022 |
| bacterial and fungal flora of wild northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | tissues from healthy subadult and moribund newborn northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, pribilof islands, alaska, and from healthy pups and yearlings on san miguel island, california, were sampled for bacteria and fungi. corynebacterium spp. and staphylococcus spp. were more frequently present in tissues from animals on st. paul island whereas pseudomonas spp. were frequently isolated on san miguel island. approximately half of the blood samples were positive for bacteria ... | 1982 | 7154218 |
| isolation and identification of five new serotypes of calicivirus from marine mammals. | five new serotypes of calicivirus have been isolated from marine mammals. san miguel sea lion virus (smsv)-8 and smsv-10 were recovered from vesicular lesions on the flippers of northern fur seals in the pribilof islands of alaska. serotype smsv-9 was isolated from a sea lion in southern california, and smsv-11 was isolated from 2 northern fur seal pups in southern california. serotype smsv-12 was also isolated in southern california from sea lion and fur seal pups. | 1981 | 7332133 |
| variable activity of disophenol against hookworms and lice of northern fur seal pups on st. paul island, alaska. | six critical tests with disophenol were conducted in july, 1978, in fur seal pups (callorhinus ursinus) naturally-infected with adult hookworms, uncinaria lucasi, and infested with various stages of two species of sucking lice, proechinopthirus fluctus (ferris) and antarctophthirus callorhini (osborn). disophenol at a dose rate of 12.5 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously to each of six pups. each pup was contained in an individual cage for 60 h posttreatment at which time pups were exmained at ... | 1980 | 7373724 |
| acute gastric dilatation with volvulus in a northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). | acute gastric dilatation with volvulus occurred in a 4-year-old female northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). the animal had been maintained in an outdoor exhibit at mystic marinelife aquarium (mystic, connecticut, usa) from june 1989 to march 1994. on necropsy, we observed a 360 degrees clockwise rotation of the stomach about its mesenteric axis as viewed ventrodorsally. the stomach was markedly distended with gas, fluid, and partially digested fish. the spleen followed the rotation of the st ... | 1996 | 8827687 |
| concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements in marine mammal tissues archived in the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank. | the u.s. national biomonitoring specimen bank (nbsb) provides for the long term storage of well documented and preserved specimens representing several types of environmental matrices. a major part of this inventory consists of marine mammal tissues (e.g., blubber, liver, kidney, and muscle). within the nbsb selected specimens are periodically analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbons and trace elements. although only 20% of the 560 marine mammal specimens in the nbsb have been analyzed, the databas ... | 1997 | 9159906 |
| in vitro isolation and characterization of a calicivirus causing a vesicular disease of the hands and feet. | we report that a calicivirus of oceanic origin, san miguel sea lion virus serotype 5 (smsv-5), is a human pathogen. this biotype was isolated originally from blisters on the flippers of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and replicates readily in primate and human cell lines. it infects a phylogenetically diverse array of hosts (poikilotherms to primates) and induces type-specific neutralizing antibodies in exposed humans. group antibody against a pooled antigen of smsv-5 and two other ser ... | 1998 | 9502467 |
| isolation of reptilian calicivirus crotalus type 1 from feral pinnipeds. | ten virus isolates were obtained from three species of marine mammals sampled on san miguel island (california, usa) and 1,200 km north on rogue reef (oregon, usa) during tagging operations in 1986-87. seven of these 10 were derived from 30 sampled steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus pups, while two of 10 were isolated from one of 19 sampled california sea lion (zalophus californianus californianus pups, and the remaining isolate was derived from 30 sampled northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinu ... | 1998 | 9706554 |
| vanadium accumulation in pinnipeds. | vanadium in four species of pinnipeds (northern fur seals [callorhinus ursinus], steller sea lions [eumetopias jubatus], harbor seals [phoca vitulina], and ribbon seals [phoca fasciata]) caught in the northern pacific was analyzed using icp-ms to understand its accumulation and distribution. in northern fur seals, relatively high concentrations of vanadium were observed in the liver, hair, and bone. ninety percent of the vanadium burden in the body was concentrated in these three tissues, which ... | 1999 | 9828265 |
| long-term vocal recognition in the northern fur seal. | the ability to recognize and remember individual identities for long periods of time has important implications for the evolution of animal social behaviour, particularly complex interactions such as cooperation or mate choice. despite this importance, there is only a single example of long-term individual recognition in nature, the 8-month retention of neighbour's song among male hooded warblers, wilsonia citrina, and there is none for a non-human mammal. associations between individuals spanni ... | 2000 | 10935635 |
| spatial aspects of organochlorine contamination in northern fur seal tissues. | northern fur seals from the pribilof islands, alaska (st. george is. and st. paul is.) were examined for organochlorine contamination (oc) and whether the organochlorine levels differed between the populations and were at levels that may adversely affect their health. fur seal blubber and milk samples were obtained from pups, sub-adult males, and adult females on both pribilof islands. these samples were analyzed for organochlorine contaminants including dioxin-like pcbs and other selected pcbs ... | 2002 | 12474962 |
| observations in 2001 on hookworms ( uncinaria spp.) in otariid pinnipeds. | uncinaria spp. were recovered from the milk of california sea lions ( zalophus californianus) collected from the: (1) teats of a cow just after parturition (one parasitic third-stage larva, l(3)), (2) stomach of her nursing pup (two l(3)), and (3) stomach of a dead pup about 2 days old (one l(3), one headless, probably l(3), and four l(4)) on san miguel island, california in may 2001. this, in addition to earlier research, indicates transmammary transmission of hookworms in this host. uncinaria ... | 2003 | 12658464 |
| ascaridoid nematodes and associated lesions in stomachs of subadult male northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska: (1987-1999). | stomachs from subadult male northern fur seals (sams) (callorhinus ursinus) (n = 5,950) from st. paul island, alaska, were examined from 1987 to 1999 for lesions and parasites. on gross examination of these stomachs, parasite nodules were evident in 92% of the stomachs and active and healing ulcers were found in 14% and 10%, respectively. prevalence of nematodes from 1987 to 1997 was 88% for 5,700 sams for which numbers of parasites were estimated but not identified to the genus level. all nemat ... | 2003 | 14535542 |
| identification of constitutive androstane receptor cdna in northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). | constitutive androstane receptor (car) plays a key role in the transcriptional regulation of cyp2b, 2c and 3a genes in response to phenobarbital, ortho-chlorine substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and sex steroids in rodents and human. however, studies addressing car are limited to certain laboratory animals and cell lines, and there is little information on the presence of car and its physiological and contaminant-related functions in wildlife. while aquatic mammals including seal spec ... | 2004 | 15178021 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines in archived northern fur seal samples from the pacific coast of japan, 1972-1998. | the present study clearly indicated possible prolonged and chronic marine pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) unless the international regulatory measures are reinforced substantially. fat tissues of female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), collected at 10 time periods between 1972 and 1998 from the pacific coast of northern japan, were analyzed for pbdes and organochlorine compounds (ocs). pcbs and ddts were the predominant contaminants in the fur seal samples. pbdes wer ... | 2004 | 15298186 |
| historic importance of some aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. | the purpose of this paper is to disseminate, more widely, certain historically important aspects of research by o. wilford olsen on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and steller sea lions (eumatopias jubatus) in 1951 on st. paul island, alaska. highly meaningful facets of the research were recorded only in a report with limited availability by olsen in 1952. portions of his research presented here include measurements of hookworm free-living infective third ... | 2005 | 15719260 |
| pathology of domoic acid toxicity in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | over 100 free-ranging adult california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and one northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), predominantly adult females, were intoxicated by domoic acid (da) during three harmful algal blooms between 1998 and 2000 in central and northern california coastal waters. the vector prey item was northern anchovy (engraulis mordax) and the primary da-producing algal diatom was psuedonitzschia australis. postmortem examination revealed gross and histologic findings that wer ... | 2005 | 15753472 |
| the surface activity of pulmonary surfactant from diving mammals. | pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) have developed a specialised respiratory system to cope with living in a marine environment. they have a highly reinforced lung that can completely collapse and reinflate during diving without any apparent side effects. these animals may also have a specialised surfactant system to augment the morphological adaptations. the surface activity of surfactant from four species of pinniped (california sea lion, northern elephant seal, northern fur seal and ringed seal) ... | 2006 | 16476655 |
| clinical blood values of the northern fur seal, callorhinus ursinus. | clinical blood values are reported for 14 blood components in the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) and compared with human clinical ranges. certain values such as cholesterol, globulins and blood urea nitrogen deviate markedly from published human values. the distribution of serum proteins in fur seals, man and northern elephant seals also are given and compared. | 1976 | 16502691 |
| the shifting baseline of northern fur seal ecology in the northeast pacific ocean. | historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. northern fur seals (nfs; callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern california to the aleutian islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pup ... | 2007 | 17526720 |
| hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) and acanthocephalans (corynosoma spp. and bolbosoma spp.) found in dead northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska in 2007. | intestines of dead northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island (spi), alaska were inspected for specific internal parasites (hookworms and acanthocephalans) in july and august, 2007. pups (n=64) were examined for adult hookworms (uncinaria lucasi) and four (6.25%) were infected. the number of specimens per infected pup was 1, 2, 2, or 408. low prevalence was similar to that determined in the last investigation (2001) in dead fur seal pups on spi by two of the present authors (lyo ... | 2008 | 18587686 |
| hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (oh-pcbs) in the blood of mammals and birds from japan: lower chlorinated oh-pcbs and profiles. | an analytical method was developed to measure tri- to octa-chlorinated oh-pcbs and pentachlorophenol (pcp) in the whole blood. further, baseline data on the levels and profiles of these phenolic compounds in japanese mammals (human, cat, dog, raccoon dog, and northern fur seal) and birds (black-tailed gull, common cormorant, and jungle crow) were obtained. eighteen identifiable and fifty unknown peaks of oh-pcbs were detected and the major congeners identified were 4'oh-cb101/120, 4oh-cb107/4'oh ... | 2009 | 19054541 |
| relaxin concentrations in serum and urine of endangered and crazy mixed-up species. | the human population explosion has pushed many mammalian wildlife species to the brink of extinction. conservationists are increasingly turning to captive breeding as a means of preserving the gene pool. we previously reported that serum immunoactive relaxin provided a reliable means of distinguishing between true and pseudopregnancy in domestic dogs, and this method has since been found to be a reliable indicator of true pregnancy in endangered asian and african elephants and sumatran rhinocero ... | 2009 | 19416182 |
| validation of a homologous canine relaxin radioimmunoassay and application with pregnant and non-pregnant northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | the primary objectives of this study were to validate a canine relaxin ria for use in otariids and phocids and consider practical applications. for 6 captive northern fur seal females, serum samples were grouped and examined according to pregnancy (n=13), post-partum (n=8) and non-pregnancy (n=6), and, for 2 captive northern fur seal males, serum samples were grouped and examined together regardless of age (2 mo-15 yrs, n=6). placental tissue was available for examination from one northern fur s ... | 2010 | 19501094 |
| identity of diphyllobothrium spp. (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) from sea lions and people along the pacific coast of south america. | host specificity evidently is not expressed by various species of diphyllobothrium that occur typically in marine mammals, and people become infected occasionally when dietary customs favor ingestion of plerocercoids. this report mainly concerns 2 species, diphyllobothrium pacificum and diphyllobothrium arctocephalinum, for which sea lions (otariidae) are final hosts. the taxonomic status of those cestodes has not been clearly discernible because of misinterpretation of relationships; complex sy ... | 2010 | 19891513 |
| investigations of peritoneal and intestinal infections of adult hookworms (uncinaria spp.) in northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) and california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups on san miguel island, california (2003). | the peritoneal cavity (pnc) and intestine of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) pups and california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups that died in late july and early august, 2003, on san miguel island, california, were examined for hookworms. prevalence and morphometric studies were done with the hookworms in addition to molecular characterization. based on this and previous molecular studies, hookworms from fur seals are designated as uncinaria lucasi and the species from sea lions a ... | 2011 | 21347520 |
| [the parallelisms in of sound signal of domestic sheep and northern fur seals]. | the parallelisms in communicative behavior of domestic sheep and northern fur seals within a herd are accompanied by parallelisms in parameters of sound signal, the calling scream. this signal ensures ties between babies and their mothers at a long distance. the basis of parallelisms is formed by amplitude modulation at two levels: the one being a direct amplitude modulation of the carrier frequency and the other--modulation of the carrier frequency oscillation. parallelisms in the signal oscill ... | 2011 | 21469348 |
| review of research on hookworms (uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758). | the objective of this article is to review knowledge on the hookworm uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901 in northern fur seals, callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758. emphasis is placed on research on this host-parasite system in the pribilof islands, ak, usa where the bulk of the studies has been performed. | 2011 | 21537983 |
| coxiella burnetii in northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) placentas from st. paul island, alaska. | abstract the decline in the number of northern fur seal (nfs; callorhinus ursinus) pups on st. paul island, alaska, has led to multidisciplinary research, including investigation into issues of reproductive health and success. given the recent identification of coxiella burnetii in the placenta of two other marine mammal species, nfs placentas were collected from reef rookery on st. paul island, alaska, during the 2010 pupping season, examined histologically, and tested for c. burnetii using p ... | 2011 | 22017469 |
| occurrence of pasteurellaceae bacteria in the oral cavity of selected marine mammal species. | the occurrence of bacteria belonging to pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive marine mammals was investigated using culture and subsequent geno- and phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. a total of 89 bacterial isolates from pinnipeds tentatively classified with the family pasteurellaceae were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis of rpob gene sequences, which showed that the isolates investigated formed five distinct groups. four strains from california sea lio ... | 2012 | 23272350 |
| toxoplasmosis in a feral northern fur seal. | | 2013 | 3908421 |
| the cestode community in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | the diversity and ecology of cestodes from the northern fur seals, callorhinus ursinus (nfs), were examined using newly collected material from 756 humanely harvested subadult males between 2011 and 2014. nfss were collected from five different haul-outs on st. paul island, alaska. a total of 14,660 tapeworms were collected with a prevalence of 98.5% and intensity up to 107 cestodes per host (mean intensity 19.7 ± 16.5 sd). three species of tapeworms were found: adenocephalus pacificus (diphyllo ... | 2015 | 26101743 |
| high morphological plasticity and global geographical distribution of the pacific broad tapeworm adenocephalus pacificus (syn. diphyllobothrium pacificum): molecular and morphological survey. | the most important causative agent of human diphyllobothriosis in south america, diphyllobothrium pacificum, is transferred to the original genus adenocephalus nybelin, 1931; revised and redescribed on the basis of the evaluation of an extensive material collected mainly from northern fur seal, callorhinus ursinus, from st. paul island, alaska. detailed analysis of morphological and morphometrical data shows a high variability in most of the characteristics traditionally used in diagnosis of dip ... | 2015 | 26001974 |
| anisakids (nematoda: anisakidae) from stomachs of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska: parasitological and pathological analysis. | anisakid nematodes parasitize the alimentary tracts of aquatic vertebrates, including northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) (nfs). the main purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, intensity, and species composition of anisakids in nfss on st. paul island, alaska, and to analyze changes in nfs infection with these nematodes during the last decades. the study was carried out on st. paul island, alaska, in july-august 2011-2013. stomachs of 443 humanely harvested nfs males were col ... | 2014 | 25216781 |
| brucella placentitis and seroprevalence in northern fur seals ( callorhinus ursinus) of the pribilof islands, alaska. | brucella species infect a wide range of hosts with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. in mammals, one of the most significant consequences of brucella infection is reproductive failure. there is evidence of brucella exposure in many species of marine mammals, but the outcome of infection is often challenging to determine. the eastern pacific stock of northern fur seals (nfss, callorhinus ursinus) has declined significantly, spawning research into potential causes for this trend, includ ... | 2014 | 24803576 |
| acanthocephalans in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) on st. paul island, alaska: species, prevalence, and biodiversity in four fur seal subpopulations. | monitoring studies of acanthocephalans in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) (nfss) and a harbor seal (phoca vitulina linnaeus, 1758) were performed on st. paul island, alaska, in july-august 2011. gastrointestinal tracts of 105 humanely harvested nfs subadult males (sams) (3-4 years old) were collected during the annual aleut subsistence harvest at four haul-out areas (hoas): lukanin (n = 26 nfss), polovina (n = 28), gorbatch (n = 30), and morzhovyi (n = 21). one gastrointe ... | 2012 | 22584377 |
| prevalence of coxiella burnetii and brucella spp. in tissues from subsistence harvested northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) of st. paul island, alaska. | the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) is an important cultural and nutritional resource for the aleut community on st. paul island alaska. in recent years, an increasing number of zoonotic pathogens have been identified in the population, but the public health significance of these findings is unknown. to determine the prevalence of coxiella burnetii and brucella spp. in northern fur seal tissues, eight tissue types from 50 subsistence-harvested fur seals were tested for bacterial dna by r ... | 2014 | 25266039 |
| coxiella burnetii in northern fur seals and steller sea lions of alaska. | coxiella burnetii, a zoonotic bacterium, has recently been identified in several marine mammal species on the pacific coast of north america, but little is known about the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis in these species. we tested sera archived from northern fur seals (nfs, callorhinus ursinus; n=236) and steller sea lions (ssl, eumetopias jubatus; n=72) sampled in alaska for c. burnetii antibodies, and vaginal swabs from nfs (n=40) for c. burnetii by qpcr. the antibody prevalence ... | 2013 | 23568925 |
| apoptosis in normal and coxiella burnetii-infected placentas from alaskan northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | in 2010, coxiella burnetii was identified in 75% of northern fur seal placentas from a single rookery in alaska, but nothing was known about the significance of this organism in the population. although many infectious organisms cause increased cell death, c. burnetii has been shown to suppress apoptosis of the host macrophages as an intracellular survival mechanism. to determine if infection induces a similar functional change in the placenta, immunohistochemistry for antibodies to cleaved casp ... | 2013 | 23125144 |
| multiple strains of coxiella burnetii are present in the environment of st. paul island, alaska. | in 2010, coxiella burnetii was identified at a high prevalence in the placentas of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) collected at a single rookery on st. paul island alaska; an area of the united states where the agent was not known to be present. as contamination was hypothesized as a potential cause of false positives, but nothing was known about environmental c. burnetii in the region, an environmental survey was conducted to look for the prevalence and distribution of the organism on ... | 2013 | 22747976 |
| molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (nematoda: uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation. | hookworms of the genus uncinaria have been widely reported from juvenile pinnipeds, however investigations of their systematics has been limited, with only two species described, uncinaria lucasi from northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and uncinaria hamiltoni from south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). hookworms were sampled from these hosts and seven additional species including steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), california sea lions (zalophus californianus), south american fu ... | 2013 | 24162075 |
| morphometric and molecular characterization of the species of uncinaria frölich, 1789 (nematoda) parasitic in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber), with notes on hookworms in three other pinniped hosts. | this study presents morphological and molecular data on hookworms from the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber) currently identified in australian waters as uncinaria hamiltoni baylis, 1933. additional specimens from the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea (péron) and the new zealand fur seal arctocephalus forsteri (lesson) from australia, and the southern elephant seal mirounga leonina (linnaeus) from antarctica, were included. using the internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2013 | 23595493 |
| update on the prevalence of the hookworm, uncinaria lucasi, in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska, 2011. | prevalence of hookworms (uncinaria lucasi stiles, 1901) was determined in the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) on st. paul island (spi), alaska in july and august, 2011. three of 61 (4.9%) dead pups harbored 1 to 13 adult hookworms each in their intestines. parasitic larvae (l(3)) of hookworms were recovered from the blubber of 4 of 133 (3%) of subadult males (sams) examined. one parasitic l(3) was detected from each infected sam. adult u. lucasi (n = 3) were found in the i ... | 2012 | 22398833 |
| fukushima derived radiocesium in subsistence-consumed northern fur seal and wild celery. | in july 2014, our investigative team traveled to st. paul island, alaska to measure concentrations of radiocesium in wild-caught food products, primarily northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). the 2011 fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant accident released radiocesium into the atmosphere and into the western pacific ocean; other investigators have detected fukushima-derived radionuclides in a variety of marine products harvested off the western coast of north america. we tested two subsistenc ... | 2016 | 26630034 |
| a novel gammaherpesvirus in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) is closely related to the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) carcinoma-associated otarine herpesvirus-1. | otarine herpesvirus 1 (othv1) is strongly associated with california sea lion (csl, zalophus californianus) urogenital carcinoma, the most common cancer documented in marine mammals. in addition to csl, othv1 has also been found in association with carcinoma in south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis), demonstrating it can infect related species. northern fur seals (nfs, callorhinus ursinus) are sympatric with csl, and copulation between these species has been observed; yet, there are ... | 2016 | 26555110 |
| findings in pinnipeds stranded along the central and northern california coast, 1984-1990. | personnel at the marine mammal center (the center) treated 1,446 stranded marine mammals recovered from the central and northern california (usa) coast from 1984 through 1990, including california sea lions (zalophus californianus), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), and guadalupe fur seals (arctocephalus townsendi). the primary disease findings in st ... | 1993 | 8355344 |
| contamination status and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and arsenic in five seabird species from the central bering sea. | seabirds are marine top predators and accumulate high levels of metals and metalloids in their tissues. contamination by metals in the highly productive offshore region has become a matter of public concern. it is home to 80% of the seabird population in the usa, 95% of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), and major populations of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), walruses (odobenus rosmarus) and whales. here, the concentrations of eight heavy metals (hg, cd, cr, co, ni, cu, zn and pb ... | 2017 | 28302954 |
| the use of non destructive biomarkers in the study of marine mammals. | marine mammals have been subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure by direct killing and chemical pollution all over the world. most studies of contamination and biomarker responses in marine mammals have been conducted using animals killed by hunting out of a total of 12 cetacean species studied, 45 of the specimens were obtained by sacrificing the animal; out of a total of eight pinniped species studied, 40 of the specimens were obtained by killing. the development of a series of non destructive ... | 1997 | 23899212 |
| characterization of species differences in xenobiotic metabolism in non-experimental animals. | the ability to metabolize xenobiotics in organisms has a wide degree of variation among organisms. this is caused by differences in the pattern of xenobiotic bioaccumulation among organisms, which affects their tolerance. it has been reported in the veterinary field that glucuronidation (ugt) activity in cats, acetylation activity in dogs and sulfation (sult) activity in pigs are sub-vital in these species, respectively, and require close attention when prescribing the medicine. on the other han ... | 2017 | 28250318 |
| monoamine release during unihemispheric sleep and unihemispheric waking in the fur seal. | our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the control of the electroencephalogram (eeg) has been entirely based on studies of animals with bilateral sleep. the study of animals with unihemispheric sleep presents the opportunity of separating the neurochemical substrates of waking and sleep eeg from the systemic, bilateral correlates of sleep and waking states. | 2016 | 26715233 |
| feeding kinematics and performance of basal otariid pinnipeds, steller sea lions and northern fur seals: implications for the evolution of mammalian feeding. | feeding performance studies can address questions relevant to feeding ecology and evolution. our current understanding of feeding mechanisms for aquatic mammals is poor. therefore, we characterized the feeding kinematics and performance of five steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) and six northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). we tested the hypotheses that both species use suction as their primary feeding mode, and that rapid jaw opening was related to suction generation. steller sea lions ... | 2015 | 26449976 |
| tooth size variation in pinniped dentitions. | it is contentious whether size variation among mammalian teeth is heterogeneous or homogeneous, whether the coefficient of variation is reliable, and whether the standard deviation of log-transformed data and the residual of standard deviation on mean variable size are useful replacements for the coefficient of variation. most studies of tooth size variation have been on mammals with complex-crowned teeth, with relatively little attention paid to taxa with simple-crowned teeth, such as pinnipedi ... | 2015 | 26317362 |
| uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) xenobiotic metabolizing activity and genetic evolution in pinniped species. | there are various interspecies differences in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. it is known that cats show slow glucuronidation of drugs such as acetaminophen and strong side effects due to the ugt1a6 pseudogene. recently, the ugt1a6 pseudogene was found in the northern elephant seal and otariidae was suggested to be ugt1a6-deficient. from the results of measurements of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) activity using liver microsomes, the steller sea lion, northern fur seal, and ... | 2015 | 26179383 |
| organohalogen contaminants and vitamins in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) collected during subsistence hunts in alaska. | during native subsistence hunts from 1987 to 2007, blubber and liver samples from 50 subadult male northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) were collected on st. paul island, alaska. samples were analyzed for legacy persistent organic pollutants (pops), recently phased-out/current-use pops, and vitamins. the legacy pops measured from blubber samples included polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, ddt (and its metabolites), chlorobenzenes, chlordanes, and mirex. recently phased-out/current-use pops ... | 2016 | 26142120 |
| stable isotope models predict foraging habitat of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) in alaska. | we developed models to predict foraging habitat of adult female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) using stable carbon (δ13c) and nitrogen (δ15n) isotope values from plasma and red blood cells. binomial generalized linear mixed models were developed using blood isotope samples collected from 35 adult female fur seals on three breeding colonies in alaska during july-october 2006. satellite location and dive data were used to define habitat use in terms of the proportion of time spent or div ... | 2015 | 26030280 |
| dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus). | skulls from 145 northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) were examined macroscopically according to predefined criteria. the museum specimens were acquired from strandings along the west coast of the usa between 1896 and 2008. seventy-one skulls (49.0%) were from male animals, 56 (38.6%) from female animals and 18 (12.4%) from animals of unknown sex. their age varied from juvenile to adult, with 58 adult animals (40.0%) and 87 juvenile animals (60.0%). the majority of teeth were available for ex ... | 2015 | 25824117 |
| accelerometers identify new behaviors and show little difference in the activity budgets of lactating northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) between breeding islands and foraging habitats in the eastern bering sea. | we tagged 82 lactating northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) with tri-axial accelerometers and magnetometers on two eastern bering sea islands (bogoslof and st. paul) with contrasting population trajectories. using depth data, accelerometer data and spectral analysis we classified time spent diving (30%), resting (~7%), shaking and grooming their pelage (9%), swimming in the prone position (~10%) and two types of previously undocumented rolling behavior (29%), with the remaining time (~15%) u ... | 2015 | 25807552 |
| when to be discrete: the importance of time formulation in understanding animal movement. | animal movement is essential to our understanding of population dynamics, animal behavior, and the impacts of global change. coupled with high-resolution biotelemetry data, exciting new inferences about animal movement have been facilitated by various specifications of contemporary models. these approaches differ, but most share common themes. one key distinction is whether the underlying movement process is conceptualized in discrete or continuous time. this is perhaps the greatest source of co ... | 2014 | 25709830 |
| inflation and deflation pressure-volume loops in anesthetized pinnipeds confirms compliant chest and lungs. | we examined structural properties of the marine mammal respiratory system, and tested scholander's hypothesis that the chest is highly compliant by measuring the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in five species of pinniped under anesthesia (pacific harbor seal, phoca vitulina; northern elephant seal, mirounga angustirostris; northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus; california sea lion, zalophus californianus; and steller sea lion, eumetopias jubatus). we found that the chest wall co ... | 2014 | 25426080 |
| fortuitous encounters between seagliders and adult female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) off the washington (usa) coast: upper ocean variability and links to top predator behavior. | behavioral responses by top marine predators to oceanographic features such as eddies, river plumes, storms, and coastal topography suggest that biophysical interactions in these zones affect predators' prey, foraging behaviors, and potentially fitness. however, examining these pathways is challenged by the obstacles inherent in obtaining simultaneous observations of surface and subsurface environmental fields and predator behavior. in this study, migratory movements and, in some cases, diving b ... | 2014 | 25153524 |
| the sun, moon, wind, and biological imperative-shaping contrasting wintertime migration and foraging strategies of adult male and female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | adult male and female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) are sexually segregated in different regions of the north pacific ocean and bering sea during their winter migration. explanations for this involve interplay between physiology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem characteristics, however possible mechanisms lack empirical support. to investigate factors influencing the winter ecology of both sexes, we deployed five satellite-linked conductivity, temperature, and depth data loggers ... | 2014 | 24722344 |
| mitochondrial dna preservation across 3000-year-old northern fur seal ribs is not related to bone density: implications for forensic investigations. | while recent forensic research has focused on determining which skeletal elements are superior in their preservation of dna over the long term, little focus has been placed on measuring intra-element variation. moreover, there is a general belief that dense (cortical) bone material will contain better-preserved dna than does spongy (cancellous) bone. to address these ideas, quantitative pcr was used to estimate the degree of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) preservation variance across sections of 19 n ... | 2014 | 24709029 |
| evidence of localized resource depletion following a natural colonization event by a large marine predator. | for central place foragers, forming colonies can lead to extensive competition for prey around breeding areas and a zone of local prey depletion. as populations grow, this area of reduced prey can expand impacting foraging success and forcing animals to alter foraging behaviour. here, we examine a population of marine predators, the northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), which colonized a recently formed volcanic island, and assess changes in foraging behaviour associated with increasing popul ... | 2014 | 24450364 |
| short-term episodes of imposed fasting have a greater effect on young northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) in summer than in winter. | an unexpected shortage of food may affect wildlife in a different way depending on the time of year when it occurs. we imposed 48 h fasts on six female northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus; ages 6-24 months) to identify times of year when they might be particularly sensitive to interruptions in food supply. we monitored changes in their resting metabolic rates and their metabolic response to thermal challenges, and also examined potential bioenergetic causes for seasonal differences in body m ... | 2014 | 27293642 |
| linking reproduction and survival can improve model estimates of vital rates derived from limited time-series counts of pinnipeds and other species. | we propose a method to model the physiological link between somatic survival and reproductive output that reduces the number of parameters that need to be estimated by models designed to determine combinations of birth and death rates that produce historic counts of animal populations. we applied our reproduction and somatic survival linked (rssl) method to the population counts of three species of north pacific pinnipeds (harbor seals, phoca vitulina richardii (gray, 1864); northern fur seals, ... | 2013 | 24324541 |
| halogenated phenolic contaminants in the blood of marine mammals from japanese coastal waters. | information on accumulation of halogenated phenolic contaminants in the blood of marine mammal is limited. the present study, we determined the residue levels and patterns of chlorinated and brominated phenolic contaminants (oh-pcbs, oh-pbdes and bromophenols) in the blood collected from pinnipeds (northern fur seal, spotted seal, steller sea lion and ribbon seal) and small cetaceans (harbor porpoise and dall's porpoise) from japanese coastal waters. concentrations of pcbs and oh-pcbs found in p ... | 2014 | 24060385 |
| postmortem stability of s100b in the aqueous humor of northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). | bycatch (accidental drowning in fishing nets) is a significant problem for some marine mammal species, but can be difficult to diagnose as there are no pathognomonic gross or histological lesions. in human medicine, biomarkers such as s100b are increasingly being used to investigate hypoxic-ischemic syndromes, but, to the authors' knowledge, studies using this marker have not been reported for marine mammal species. the aims of the current study were to determine baseline postmortem s100b levels ... | 2013 | 23960172 |
| further evaluation of the efficacy of contamination removal from bone surfaces. | studies of low copy number (lcn) and degraded dna are prone to contamination from exogenous dna sources that in some cases out-compete endogenous dna in pcr amplification, thus leading to false positives and/or aberrant results. particularly problematic is contamination that is inadvertently deposited on the surfaces of bones through direct handling. whereas some previous studies have shown that contamination removal is possible by subjecting samples to sodium hypochlorite prior to dna extractio ... | 2013 | 23890658 |
| estimating animal resource selection from telemetry data using point process models. | 1. analyses of animal resource selection functions (rsf) using data collected from relocations of individuals via remote telemetry devices have become commonplace. increasing technological advances, however, have produced statistical challenges in analysing such highly autocorrelated data. weighted distribution methods have been proposed for analysing rsfs with telemetry data. however, they can be computationally challenging due to an intractable normalizing constant and cannot be aggregated (i. ... | 2013 | 23800202 |
| ecological, morphological, and molecular studies of acanthocheilonema odendhali (nematoda: filarioidea) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | studies of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) infection by the filariid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali were carried out in 2011-2012 on st. paul island, pribilof archipelago, alaska. skins of 502 humanely harvested northern fur seals from haul-out areas of five rookeries, polovina (n = 122), morjovi (n = 54), zapadni (n = 72), lukanin (n = 109), and gorbatch (n = 145), were examined. a. odendhali was found in 18% of northern fur seals. the prevalence of infection ranged ... | 2013 | 23760875 |
| symmetrical serotonin release during asymmetrical slow-wave sleep: implications for the neurochemistry of sleep-waking states. | on land, fur seals predominately display bilaterally synchronized electroencephalogram (eeg) activity during slow-wave sleep (sws), similar to that observed in all terrestrial mammals. in water, however, fur seals exhibit asymmetric slow-wave sleep (asws), resembling the unihemispheric slow-wave sleep of odontocetes (toothed whales). the unique sleeping pattern of fur seals allows us to distinguish neuronal mechanisms mediating eeg changes from those mediating behavioral quiescence. in a prior s ... | 2013 | 23392683 |
| novel polyomaviral infection in the placenta of a northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) on the pribilof islands, alaska, usa. | viruses of the family polyomaviridae infect a wide variety of avian and mammalian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. in 2010, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified in trophoblasts of a single northern fur seal (nfs; callorhinus ursinus) placenta from a presumed healthy birth on st. paul island, alaska. on transmission electron microscopy, virions were approximately 40 nm in diameter and were arrange ... | 2013 | 23307383 |
| prey patch patterns predict habitat use by top marine predators with diverse foraging strategies. | spatial coherence between predators and prey has rarely been observed in pelagic marine ecosystems. we used measures of the environment, prey abundance, prey quality, and prey distribution to explain the observed distributions of three co-occurring predator species breeding on islands in the southeastern bering sea: black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), thick-billed murres (uria lomvia), and northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus). predictions of statistical models were tested using movem ... | 2013 | 23301063 |