| comparative digestibility of acid detergent fiber by laboratory albino and wild polynesian rats. | the effects of adding 5%, 10%, and 15% acid detergent fiber to a nonfibrous basal diet were examined in a comparative feeding study with polynesian rats (rattus exulans) and laboratory rats. digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy declined significantly in both species as fiber content increased, but averaged significantly lower in the polynesian than in the laboratory rat. fiber digestibility was not significantly affected by fiber level but was by species, wi ... | 1978 | 23419 |
| angiostrongyliasis in indonesia: additional geographic and host occurrence records. | geographical and host occurrence records for angiostrongylus cantonensis throughout the indonesian archipelago a;e reported. a. cantonensis was found in the following provinces: west sumatra, south sumatra, lampung, west java, central java, north sulawesi and east nusa tenggara. infections were diagnosed in the following rodents: rattus rattus diardii, rattus exulans, rattus tiomanicus jaloriensis, rattus lepturus, rattus norvegicus and bandicota indica setifera and in the giant african land sna ... | 1978 | 751218 |
| mekong schistosomiasis. 4. a parasitological survey of wild rodents, domestic pigs and cattle on khong island, laos. | no evidence of infection with the mekong schistosoma was found in 12 rattus exulans, 81 r. r. molliculus, and 10 bandicota savilei caught in the vicinity of and downstream from the schistosomiasis transmission focus on khong island, south laos, and examined by dissection and portal perfusion. likewise, no eggs of the mekong schistosoma were detected in faeces of 15 domestic pigs or 43 domestic cattle examined on khong island both by merthiolate-iodine-formalin concentration and by the hatching t ... | 1975 | 1166350 |
| mirex residues in wildlife and soils, hawaiian pineapple-growing areas--1972-74. | a monitoring program was conducted in the pineapple-growing areas of hawaii from 1972 to 1974 to survey mirex residues in sediments, soils, and aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. residues in pineapple field soils ranged from 3 to 18 ppb 9 months after mirex had been applied. no residues were found in the sediments. only 8 fish of 110 aquatic animals sampled contained mirex; these levels were low and ranged from 3 to 7 ppb. mirex residues in birds ranged from undetectable to 10 ppm; residues in ro ... | 1975 | 1221351 |
| the parasites of the polynesian rat within and beyond new zealand. | a list of the ecto- and endoparasites of the polynesian rat, rattus exulans, from throughout its geographical range is presented here. the majority of the new zealand populations included in this survey came from 'exulans only' islands while all but one of the non-new zealand reports came from places where other rodent species are sympatric. this information is intended among other things to highlight gaps in our knowledge of and stimulate an interest in the parasitology of this rat. | 1991 | 1774113 |
| the parasites of the polynesian rat: biogeography and origins of the new zealand parasite fauna. | unique aspects of the prehistory and current distribution of the polynesian rat (rattus exulans peale) have been applied to the problem of determining the biogeographical origin of its parasites as found on 'exulans only' islands of new zealand. the database consists of collated records of both endo- and ectoparasites reported from throughout this rat's geographical range. the analytical method is based on the concepts of sprent (1969. immunity to parasitic animals, pp. 14-17) and includes the f ... | 1991 | 1774114 |
| brachylaima apoplania n. sp. (digenea: brachylaimidae) from the polynesian rat, rattus exulans (rodentia: muridae), in new zealand: origins and zoogeography. | brachylaima apoplania n. sp. is described from the small intestine of the polynesian rat (rattus exulans) on tiritiri matangi island, new zealand. the new species is most similar to brachylaima ratti baugh, 1962, from rattus rattus. the two species differ only in morphometric characters, b. apoplania possessing significantly smaller suckers, pharynx, testes, ovary, and cirrus sac. the close resemblance between b. apoplania and b. ratti, the close relationship between their hosts, and archaeologi ... | 1989 | 2795370 |
| murine typhus among khmers living at an evacuation site on the thai-kampuchean border. | an outbreak of febrile disease involving 170 khmer adults at an evacuation site in thailand occurred during the dry season of 1986, only 8 months after the camp was constructed. the illnesses were characterized by persistent fever, retro-orbital headache, myalgias, and clinical response to tetracycline within 2-3 days. the symptoms, effectiveness of tetracycline, and presence of a large rat population raised the suspicion of murine typhus. fourteen (74%) of 19 patients had elevated or rising ant ... | 1988 | 3124646 |
| growth and development of rattus exulans. | | 1973 | 4705255 |
| reproductive parameters in rattus rattus and rattus exulans of hawaii, 1968 to 1970. | | 1972 | 5074817 |
| results of a preliminary serological survey of small mammal populations for plague on the island of hawaii. | since 1910 the district of hamakua, island of hawaii, has been considered an endemic plague area. to obtain indirect evidence of plague infection in rodents and in the mongoose, serological surveys of the small mammal populations were undertaken. the passive microhaemagglutination test demonstrated the presence of positive reactors (titres of 1:16 and higher) in the sera of 2641 rodents and 385 mongooses tested. positive percentages were: rattus exulans, 1.5%; r. norvegicus, 1.9%; r. rattus, 0.6 ... | 1965 | 5295405 |
| a laboratory colony of the polynesian rat, rattus exulans. | | 1970 | 5425658 |
| feeding patterns of rattus rattus and rattus exulans on eniwetok atoll, marshall islands. | | 1971 | 5545566 |
| evidence for the extinction of plague in hawaii. | plague (infection by yersinia pestis) was present in hawaii for the period 1899-1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. the first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus, on ships from the orient. both species were already established in hawaii and became the widespread local carriers of plague, supplemented by rattus exulans which had colonized the islands in ancient polynesian times. the flea xenopsylla vexabilis arrived with r. exulans, and ... | 1984 | 6364800 |
| phase-resetting action of light on the circadian activity rhythm of rattus exulans. | the phase resetting action of light on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity has been examined in wild-caught polynesian rats (rattus exulans). phase-response curves to 4-, 8-, and 16-h light pulses have been derived. all three curves conform to the generalization that pulses occurring during late subjective day and early subjective night produce delays, whereas advances occur in response to pulses coinciding with the late subjective night and early subjective day. weak (type 1) phase reset ... | 1983 | 6869570 |
| scrub typhus survey of biak and owi islands: ectoparasites of small mammals and rickettsial isolations. | a survey of smnall mammals and their ectoparasites was conducted on the islands of biak and owi, indonesia, in august 1976. two species of chiggers known to serve as vectors of scrub typhus were found: leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) deliense from rattus exulans, r. ruber, and r. r. septicus; l. (l.) flectcheri from r. exulans, r. leucopus and r. r. septicus. rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from the spleens of r. exulans and r. r. septicus. the favored ecotype of the chigger and rat host ... | 1980 | 7434073 |
| identification of hairs of three asian commensal mammals: suncus murinus, bandicota bengalensis, and rattus exulans. | hairs of 3 major asian commensal mammals, suncus murinus (l.), bandicota bengalensis (gray and hardwicke), and rattus exulans (peale), were studied, identified, and compared with those of better-known commensal species to provide an overview of their hair morphologies. techniques were developed for authentic hair specimen collection and rapid slide mounting to aid in the timely analysis of food products. the study showed that hairs of b. bengalensis and r. exulans are easily identified to the re ... | 1994 | 8199475 |
| isolation and identification of mycoplasma strains from various species of wild rodents. | attempts were made to isolate mycoplasmas from respiratory and urogenital tracts of 35 apparently healthy wild rodents comprising 7 species under 4 genera. mycoplasmas were isolated from nasal and oral cavities, tracheas, vaginas and penises of the wild rats: ricefield rats (rattus argentiventer), roof rats (r. rattus) and polynesian rats (r. exulans), but none was isolated from brown rats (r. norvegicus), house mice (mus musculus), smithi's voles (eothenomys smithi) and soft-furred field rats ( ... | 1993 | 8513017 |
| ancient dna from polynesian rats: extraction, amplification and sequence from single small bones. | the human colonisation of polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. it represents one of the last human population migrations, and one which required crossing major water barriers. though the subject of pacific population origins has been approached by scholars from numerous fields for nearly a century, recent years have seen the problem addressed by human geneticists. since the initial report describing the recovery of dna from skeletal remains, ancient dna studies have also focused on t ... | 1997 | 9378117 |
| patterns of prehistoric human mobility in polynesia indicated by mtdna from the pacific rat. | human settlement of polynesia was a major event in world prehistory. despite the vastness of the distances covered, research suggests that prehistoric polynesian populations maintained spheres of continuing interaction for at least some period of time in some regions. a low level of genetic variation in ancestral polynesian populations, genetic admixture (both prehistoric and post-european contact), and severe population crashes resulting from introduction of european diseases make it difficult ... | 1998 | 9844030 |
| the flea genus sigmactenus (siphonaptera: leptopsyllidae): a new species from timor and new material from new guinea and the philippines. | both sexes of sigmactenus timorensis n. sp. are described from rattus tanezumi and rattus exulans collected in west timor, indonesia. the true host presumably is a native murine rat such as the extant, endemic rattus timorensis or 1 of several extinct, endemic timorese rats. analyses of new collections of sigmactenus cavifrons and sigmactenus toxopeusi from new guinea demonstrate that these fleas show considerable morphological variation. we propose that they represent a single species with the ... | 2000 | 10864236 |
| serological study of hantavirus in the rodent population of nakhon pathom and nakhon ratchasima provinces thailand. | a serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents from two provinces of thailand. this study aimed to examine virus antibody in 354 rodents trapped among 6 different villages of nakhon pathom province (february-march, 1998) and in 326 rodents trapped among 14 villages of nakhon ratchasima province (august-october, 1998). seroprevalence among rodents from nakhon pathom province (2.3%), was mostly find in rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and bandicota indica ( ... | 2000 | 11127326 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of predator odors as repellents for kiore (rattus exulans) and ship rats (r. rattus). | predator odors may serve to stop rats from entering conservation areas or to decrease predation, food consumption, and other damage by rats in areas tainted with predator odor. we compared the efficacy of real predator odors and synthetic odors (derived from the urine and feces of carnivores) as rat repellents with real herbivore odors as controls in a y maze. we tested six predator odors: cat (felis catus) urine and feces, mongoose (herpestes auropunctatus) feces, n-propylthietane, s-methyl, me ... | 2001 | 11471938 |
| something old, something new: do genetic studies of contemporary populations reliably represent prehistoric populations of pacific rattus exulans? | through our research focusing on genetic studies of both ancient and extant commensal animals in the pacific for addressing issues of population origins and mobility in the region, we have been able to process a large number of archaeological faunal remains that we can compare to modern samples from the same islands. these comparisons shed light on and provide specific evidence for rattus exulans population change through time. this information may provide a model for understanding human populat ... | 2002 | 12180768 |
| hantaan virus antibody prevalence in rodent populations of several provinces of northeastern thailand. | we conducted a serological survey of 632 rodents from the northeast region of thailand in order to assess the presence of hantaan-like viruses that may be a risk to the human population. rodents were collected from rice fields, houses and domestic gardens in five northeastern provinces and tested for igg reacting sera to hantaan antigen using enzyme-linked immunoassays. the overall prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents was 2.1% (13/632). species that tested positive included bandicota in ... | 2002 | 12358618 |
| prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to leptospira serovars in rodents and shrews trapped in urban and rural areas in low and high endemic areas in thailand. | 2003 | 12678151 |
| evidence of the presence of seoul virus in cambodia. | a study was conducted in agricultural and urban areas in cambodia to assess the presence of hantaviruses in rodent populations. in 1998, rodents were trapped in two villages and in phnom penh city around market places and a rubbish dump. igg antibodies to hantaan virus were detected in 54 (8.2%) rodents among 660 tested: 6.4% (13/203) among roof rats (rattus rattus), 20.9% (39/187) among norway rats (r. norvegicus), 16.7% (2/12) among unidentified rattus species and none in 183 polynesian rats ( ... | 2003 | 12850202 |
| seroprevalence of rickettsial infection in commensal rodents and shrews trapped in the bangkok metropolitan area. | murine typhus and scrub typhus are important human rickettsial diseases in thailand. small mammals, including many species of rodents and shrews, serve as the reservoir host of rickettsial diseases. rickettsia typhi can be transmitted to humans by fleas causing murine typhus, while infection with orientia tsutsugamushi causing scrub typhus in humans is transmitted by chiggers. the prevalence of rickettsial infection depends on the geographic area. the seroprevalence of antibody to r. typhi and o ... | 2003 | 12924799 |
| surveillance of commensal rat and shrew populations in the bangkok area with references to flea index as the risk indicator of plague. | commensal rats and shrews were trapped from 47 fresh food markets in bangkok during the two study periods in the same markets: 21st june to 28th december 1999 and 1st march to 31st may 2000. trapping was performed using wire live traps on three consecutive nights in each period. the trapped animals were identified for taxonomic species and flea infestation. fleas were collected, identified and counted. four species of rodents: rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus, rattus exulans and mus musculus, an ... | 2003 | 14649963 |
| prevalence of rabies virus and hantaan virus infections in commensal rodents and shrews trapped in bangkok. | five hundred rodents and shrews (rattus norvegicus: 458, rattus rattus: 28, rattus exulans: 5, mus musculus: 4 and suncus murine: 5) trapped from the fresh food markets around bangkok area were investigated for rabies virus and hantaan virus infections. no rabies viral antigens in the animals' brains were detected by direct immunofluorescence. on the other hand, antibodies to hantaan virus were demonstrated in the sera of 7 (1.53%) r. norvegicus caught in various markets using a particle aggluti ... | 2003 | 14696782 |
| origins and dispersals of pacific peoples: evidence from mtdna phylogenies of the pacific rat. | the human settlement of the pacific in general, and the origin of the polynesians in particular, have been topics of debate for over two centuries. polynesian origins are most immediately traced to people who arrived in the fiji, tonga, and samoa region approximately 3,000 b.p. and are clearly associated with the lapita cultural complex. although this scenario of the immediate origins of the polynesians is generally accepted, the debate on the ultimate origin of the polynesians and the lapita cu ... | 2004 | 15184658 |
| a preliminary survey of ectoparasites of small mammals in kuala selangor nature park. | trapping of small mammals was conducted at 5 study sites in kuala selangor nature park (ksnp) from 20-24 june 2005. a total of 11 animals comprising 2 species of rodents, maxomys whiteheadi and rattus exulans were caught from 3 sites, i.e from an area of mixed secondary forest and mangrove swamp; an area of mangrove swamp, and from an area of lalang fringing mangrove swamp. from these animals, the following 7 species of ectoparasites were found: laelaps echidninus, laelaps nuttalli, ascoschoenga ... | 2005 | 16883294 |
| abundance and distribution of xenopsylla cheopis on small mammals collected in west java, indonesia during rodent-borne disease surveys. | during february 2004 and september 2005, xenopsylla cheopis were collected from small mammal hosts during rodent-bone disease surveys in jakarta and bandung, indonesia. during 4 trap nights in jakarta, 4 rodent species (rattus exulans, rattus norvegicus, rattus tanezumi and mus musculus) and one shrew species (suncus murinus) were collected. rattus tanezumi had the highest x. cheopis load (128 x. cheopis from 84 r. tanezumi) but r. norvegicus had the highest flea index, 1.8. in bandung, over 6 t ... | 2006 | 17333735 |
| responses of tuatara (sphenodon punctatus) to removal of introduced pacific rats from islands. | invasive mammalian predators such as rats are now widespread on islands, but hypotheses about their effects have rarely been tested. circumstantial evidence from new zealand indicates that, when introduced to islands, pacific rats (rattus exulans) have negative effects on endemic plants, invertebrates, birds, and reptiles, including the tuatara (sphenodon punctatus). we tested the effects of pacific rats on tuatara by comparing the demographic structure and body condition of tuatara populations ... | 2007 | 17650252 |
| rat instigated human population collapse on easter island. | in this paper we develop an invasive species differential equations model for the population collapse on easter island. this model, motivated by recent archaeological results of t. hunt, allows us to examine the role of rats in the collapse. in hunt's theory, the decline of resources was accelerated by polynesian rats and not merely the result of the overuse by the island's human population. hunt uses archaeological data which suggests a different timeline for the settlement and the long term po ... | 2008 | 18510835 |
| dating the late prehistoric dispersal of polynesians to new zealand using the commensal pacific rat. | the pristine island ecosystems of east polynesia were among the last places on earth settled by prehistoric people, and their colonization triggered a devastating transformation. overhunting contributed to widespread faunal extinctions and the decline of marine megafauna, fires destroyed lowland forests, and the introduction of the omnivorous pacific rat (rattus exulans) led to a new wave of predation on the biota. east polynesian islands preserve exceptionally detailed records of the initial pr ... | 2008 | 18523023 |
| dating of divergences within the rattus genus phylogeny using whole mitochondrial genomes. | the timing and order of divergences within the genus rattus have, to date, been quite speculative. in order to address these important issues we sequenced six new whole mitochondrial genomes from wild-caught specimens from four species, rattus exulans, rattus praetor, rattus rattus and rattus tanezumi. the only rat whole mitochondrial genomes available previously were all from rattus norvegicus specimens. our phylogenetic and dating analyses place the deepest divergence within rattus at approxim ... | 2008 | 18725306 |
| from easter island to coated coronary stents: a remarkable saga. | easter island, even though it's in the middle of nowhere, is indeed a piece of the continent, as john donne alluded to. in addition to contributing rapamycin to the medical field, the island is an example to the whole world of the consequences of affluent lifestyles, tribal wars, and ignorance of ecology. jared diamond expressed these thoughts best in his book, "collapse:" the parallels between easter island and the whole modern world are chillingly obvious... all countries on earth today share ... | 2008 | 18839797 |
| rnase 1 genes from the family sciuridae define a novel rodent ribonuclease cluster. | the rnase a ribonucleases are a complex group of functionally diverse secretory proteins with conserved enzymatic activity. we have identified novel rnase 1 genes from four species of squirrel (order rodentia, family sciuridae). squirrel rnase 1 genes encode typical rnase a ribonucleases, each with eight cysteines, a conserved ckxxntf signature motif, and a canonical his(12)-lys(41)-his(119) catalytic triad. two alleles encode callosciurus prevostii rnase 1, which include a ser(18)<-->pro, analo ... | 2009 | 19771477 |
| effects of invasive rats and burrowing seabirds on seeds and seedlings on new zealand islands. | rats (rattus rattus, rattus norvegicus, rattus exulans) are important invaders on islands. they alter vegetation indirectly by preying on burrowing seabirds. these seabirds affect vegetation through nutrient inputs from sea to land and physical disturbance through trampling and burrowing. rats also directly affect vegetation though consumption of seeds and seedlings. seedling communities on northern new zealand islands differ in composition and densities among islands which have never been invad ... | 2010 | 19921273 |
| efficacy of rodenticide baits for the control of three invasive rodent species in hawaii. | we tested the efficacy and palatability of nine commercial rodenticide bait formulations on polynesian rats (rattus exulans), roof rats (r. rattus), and house mice (mus musculus). efficacy varied by rodenticide tested and rodent species. generally, rodenticides were more effective against mice than for either of the rat species, and mice tended to consume more rodenticide bait than the laboratory chow alternative food. efficacy was generally highest for the second-generation anticoagulants teste ... | 2011 | 20552335 |
| occurrence of ectoparasites on rodents in sukhothai province, northern thailand. | a survey of ectoparasites on rodents was carried out bimonthly from april 2008 to march 2009 in 3 districts of sukhothai province, northern thailand. a total of 130 rodents comprising 8 species of hosts were captured and examined for ectoparasites. the hosts examined were bandicota indica, bandicota savilei, rattus losea, rattus rattus, rattus exulans, rattus norvegicus, menetes berdmorei and tamiops mcclellandii. ninety-seven ectoparasites were collected: 1 species of tick (hemaphysalis bandico ... | 2010 | 21329306 |
| factors explaining the abundance of rodents in the city of luang prabang, lao pdr, as revealed by field and household surveys. | a field and a household survey, the latter of which included inspections and interviews with the residents of a total of 1370 properties, were conducted in 2004 in 30 villages of the city of luang prabang, lao pdr, in order to assess the degree of rodent infestation and to identify potential factors influencing infestations. roof rats, rattus rattus, and the polynesian rat, rattus exulans, were the only rodents found in the city, and trapping results showed a clear dominance of roof rats (80-90% ... | 2008 | 21396046 |
| surveys of rodent-borne disease in thailand with a focus on scrub typhus assessment. | the epidemiology of many rodent-borne diseases in south-east asia remains ill-defined. scrub typhus and lep-tospirosis are common and medically significant, while other zoonotic diseases, such as spotted fever group rickettsiae have been identified, but their overall medical significance is unknown. rodent surveillance was conducted from june 2002 to july 2004 in 18 provinces from thailand. traps were set up for one to three nights. blood and serum samples and animal tissue samples (liver, splee ... | 2008 | 21396076 |
| [epizootological assessment of the possibilities of importing plague from vietnam to russia]. | to assess whether the plague microbe with vectors or carriers can be imported from vietnam to russia, the authors consider the specific features of pathogen circulation in this country's biotopes varying in anthropogenic transformation. the idea that there were natural foci of plague in vietnam dominated until the late 1990s. the small rat rattus exulans that inhabits open stations and ensures a parasitic contact with the synanthropic representatives of the fauna was considered to be a major car ... | 2011 | 21797070 |
| Rodent-Borne Hantaviruses in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand. | In order to evaluate the circulation of hantaviruses present in southeast Asia, a large scale survey of small mammal species was carried out at seven main sites in the region (Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Thailand). Small scale opportunistic trapping was also performed at an eighth site (Cambodia). Using a standard IFA test, IgG antibodies reacting to Hantaan virus antigens were detected at six sites. Antibody prevalence at each site varied from 0 to 5.6% with antibodies detec ... | 2011 | 22124701 |
| leptospirosis risk increases with changes in species composition of rat populations. | rats are major reservoirs of leptospirosis and considered as a main threat to biodiversity. a recent introduction of rattus rattus to the island of futuna (western polynesia) provided the opportunity to test if a possible change in species composition of rat populations would increase the risk of leptospirosis to humans. we trapped rodents on wallis and futuna and assessed leptospira carriage in 357 rodents (rattus norvegicus, r. rattus, rattus exulans, and mus domesticus) from 2008 to 2012. whi ... | 2013 | 23535996 |
| determination of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar javanica and leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae as the persistent leptospira serovars circulating in the urban rat populations in peninsular malaysia. | leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including malaysia. over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in pen ... | 2016 | 26927873 |
| barriers to seed and seedling survival of once-common hawaiian palms: the role of invasive rats and ungulates. | mammalian herbivores can limit plant recruitment and affect forest composition. loulu palms (pritchardia spp.) once dominated many lowland ecosystems in hawai'i, and non-native rats (rattus spp.), ungulates (e.g. pigs sus scrofa, goats capra hircus) and humans have been proposed as major causes of their decline. in lowland wet forest, we experimentally determined the vulnerability of seeds and seedlings of two species of pritchardia, p. maideniana and p. hillebrandii, by measuring their removal ... | 2015 | 26019231 |
| prevalence of intestinal and blood parasites among wild rats in kuala lumpur, malaysia. | a survey was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of intestinal and blood parasites among wild rats in urban area of kuala lumpur, malaysia. a total of 137 stool and blood samples were collected from wild rats from sentul and chow kit areas. five species of rats were captured and supplied by kuala lumpur city hall. the most common was rattus rattus diardii (malayan black rat), 67%, followed by rattus norvegicus (norway rat), 10%, rattus argentiventer (rice-field rat), 10%, rattus tiomanicus ... | 2012 | 23202599 |
| molecular characterization of various trichomonad species isolated from humans and related mammals in indonesia. | trichomonad species inhabit a variety of vertebrate hosts; however, their potential zoonotic transmission has not been clearly addressed, especially with regard to human infection. twenty-one strains of trichomonads isolated from humans (5 isolates), pigs (6 isolates), rodents (6 isolates), a water buffalo (1 isolate), a cow (1 isolate), a goat (1 isolate), and a dog (1 isolate) were collected in indonesia and molecularly characterized. the dna sequences of the partial 18s small subunit ribosoma ... | 2014 | 25352694 |
| dual exposure of rickettsia typhi and orientia tsutsugamushi in the field-collected rattus rodents from thailand. | field-collected rodents and fleas from ten provinces covering four regions of thailand were investigated for possible rickettsial pathogen infections. the 257 trapped-rodents belonged to 12 species. five species of genus rattus accounted for 93% of the total capture, of which rattus exulans and rattus norvegicus were the two major species caught. all flea specimens, removed from trapped rodents, were identified as xenopsylla cheopis. the pcr technique was performed on ectoparasite specimens to d ... | 2014 | 24820571 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in rodents from various locations in peninsular malaysia. | numerous studies have reported the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among malaysians and various domestic animals; but there is paucity of information on its prevalence among rodents which could potentially contribute to the transmission of toxoplasma gondii in both domestic and sylvatic fauna. five hundred twenty-six rodents were captured from six locations in malaysia and identified to species. serum samples were collected from these rodents and tested for t.gondii antibodies using an immunofluores ... | 2015 | 26521512 |
| comparison between quantitative buffy coat (qbc) and giemsa-stained thin film (gtf) technique for blood protozoan infections in wild rats. | the quantitative buffy coat (qbc) technique and conventional giemsa thin blood smear was compared to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the technique in detecting blood parasitic infection of the rodent populations from four urban cities in peninsular malaysia. a total of 432 blood samples from four rat species (rattus norvegicus, rattus rattus diardii, rattus exulans and rattus argentiventer) were screened using both techniques and successfully detected two blood protozoan species (tr ... | 2014 | 25382468 |
| epidemiology of blood parasitic infections in the urban rat population in peninsular malaysia. | a total of 719 wild rats were captured from four localities representing the west (kuala lumpur), east (kuantan), north (georgetown) and south (malacca) to determine the diversity of blood protozoan from the urban wild rat population in peninsular malaysia. five rat species were recovered with rattus rattus diardii being the most dominant species, followed by rattus norvegicus, rattus exulans, rattus annandalei and rattus argentiventer. two blood protozoan species were found infecting the rodent ... | 2014 | 25134892 |
| how important are rats as vectors of leptospirosis in the mekong delta of vietnam? | leptospirosis is a zoonosis known to be endemic in the mekong delta of vietnam, even though clinical reports are uncommon. we investigated leptospira infection in rats purchased in food markets during the rainy season (october) (n=150), as well as those trapped during the dry season (february-march) (n=125) in the region using rt-pcr for the lipl32 gene, confirmed by 16s rrna, as well as by the microscopic agglutination test (mat). results were compared with the serovar distribution of human cas ... | 2015 | 25629781 |
| habitat manipulation in lowland rice-coconut cropping systems of the philippines--an effective rodent pest management strategy? | reduction of vegetation height is recommended as a management strategy for controlling rodent pests of rice in south-east asia, but there are limited field data to assess its effectiveness. the breeding biology of the main pest species of rodent in the philippines, rattus tanezumi, suggests that habitat manipulation in irrigated rice-coconut cropping systems may be an effective strategy to limit the quality and availability of their nesting habitat. the authors imposed a replicated manipulation ... | 2014 | 24038791 |
| rodents as a source of salmonella contamination in wet markets in thailand. | few studies have been conducted on the presence of salmonella in the rodents that inhabit the wet markets that play an important role in daily life in southeast asia. the results of studies of rodents as carriers of salmonella vary greatly, ranging from an absence of salmonella to high prevalences. previous studies investigated habitats such as farms and urban and wild areas where there is less rodent-human interaction than in wet markets. consequently, the potential role of rodents as reservoir ... | 2016 | 27400325 |
| molecular genetic evidence for the place of origin of the pacific rat, rattus exulans. | commensal plants and animals have long been used to track human migrations, with rattus exulans (the pacific rat) a common organism for reconstructing polynesian dispersal in the pacific. however, with no knowledge of the homeland of r. exulans, the place of origin of this human-commensal relationship is unknown. we conducted a mitochondrial dna phylogeographic survey of r. exulans diversity across the potential natural range in mainland and island southeast asia in order to establish the origin ... | 2014 | 24637896 |
| cytonuclear discordance among southeast asian black rats (rattus rattus complex). | black rats are major invasive vertebrate pests with severe ecological, economic and health impacts. remarkably, their evolutionary history has received little attention, and there is no firm agreement on how many species should be recognized within the black rat complex. this species complex is native to india and southeast asia. according to current taxonomic classification, there are three taxa living in sympatry in several parts of thailand, cambodia and lao people's democratic republic, wher ... | 2013 | 23278980 |
| effects of mammarenavirus infection (wēnzhōu virus) on the morphology of rattus exulans. | the circulation of mammarenaviruses in rodent populations of the mekong region has recently been established, with a genetic variant of wēnzhōu virus, cardamones virus, detected in two rattus species. this study tests the potential teratogenic effects of wēnzhōu infection on the development of a murid rodent, rattus exulans. using direct virus detection, morphological records and comparative analyses, a link was demonstrated between host infection status and host morphologies (the spleen irrespe ... | 2017 | 28554857 |
| control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action. | invasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. on large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. however, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat-control projects is lacking. we reviewed t ... | 2017 | 27982493 |
| rat eradication comes within a whisker! a case study of a failed project from the south pacific. | to enhance their conservation value, several hundred islands worldwide have been cleared of invasive alien rats, rattus spp. one of the largest projects yet undertaken was on 43 km(2) henderson island in the pitcairn group, south pacific, in august 2011. following massive immediate mortality, a single r. exulans was observed in march 2012 and, subsequently, rat numbers have recovered. the survivors show no sign of resistance to the toxicant used, brodifacoum. using pre- and post-operation rat ti ... | 2016 | 27152226 |
| improving pcr detection of prey in molecular diet studies: importance of group-specific primer set selection and extraction protocol performances. | while the morphological identification of prey remains in predators' faeces is the most commonly used method to study trophic interactions, many studies indicate that this method does not detect all consumed prey. polymerase chain reaction-based methods are increasingly used to detect prey dna in the predator food bolus and have proven efficient, delivering highly accurate results. when studying complex diet samples, the extraction of total dna is a critical step, as polymerase chain reaction (p ... | 2013 | 23134438 |
| leptospira and rodents in cambodia: environmental determinants of infection. | we investigated infection of rodents and shrews by leptospira spp. in two localities of cambodia (veal renh, kaev seima) and in four types of habitat (forests, non-flooded lands, lowland rain-fed paddy fields, houses) during the wet and the dry seasons. habitat preference was common, and rodent and shrew species were found only in houses or in rain-fed paddy fields or in forests. among 649 small mammals trapped belonging to 12 rodent species and 1 shrew species, 71 of 642 animals tested were car ... | 2012 | 22665613 |
| variation in angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in hawaii, a global hotspot of rat lungworm disease. | angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) is a tropical and subtropical parasitic nematode, with infections in humans causing angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease), characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. hawaii has been identified as a global hotspot of infection, with recent reports of high infection rates in humans, as well as rat definitive and snail intermediate hosts. this study investigated variation in a. cantonensis infection, both prevalence and intensity, in wild populations of ... | 2020 | 32907654 |
| molecular phylogeny of blastocystis isolates from wild rodents captured in indonesia and japan. | blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist found worldwide in a variety of animals, including humans. currently, 17 subtypes (sts) of blastocystis isolates from mammalian and avian host species have been reported based on the small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna). among these, human blastocystis were only identified among sts 1-9. except st9, all other sts comprised isolates from humans and other animal species. entire sequence data of the ssu rdna of nine blastocystis isolates from l ... | 2018 | 29968038 |
| restructuring of nutrient flows in island ecosystems following human colonization evidenced by isotopic analysis of commensal rats. | the role of humans in shaping local ecosystems is an increasing focus of archaeological research, yet researchers often lack an appropriate means of measuring past anthropogenic effects on local food webs and nutrient cycling. stable isotope analysis of commensal animals provides an effective proxy for local human environments because these species are closely associated with human activities without being under direct human management. such species are thus central to nutrient flows across a ra ... | 2018 | 29866832 |
| efficacy of management and monitoring methods to prevent post-harvest losses caused by rodents. | the presence of pest rodents around food production and storage sites is one of many underlying problems contributing to food contamination and loss, particularly influencing food and nutrition security in low-income countries. by reducing both pre- and post-harvest losses by rodents, millions of food-insecure people would benefit. as there are limited quantitative data on post-harvest rice losses due to rodents, our objectives were to assess stored rice losses in local households from eight rur ... | 2020 | 32917037 |
| bigger doesn't mean bolder: behavioral variation of four wild rodent species to novelty and predation risk following a fast-slow continuum. | understanding how wild species respond to novel situations with associated risk can provide valuable insights for inter-specific behavioral variation and associations with pace-of-life (pol). rodents, a globally distributed and diverse taxonomic group, have been the subjects of countless studies emulating risky situations. controlled laboratory experiments with a focus on wild-caught species provide the opportunity to test fine-scale behavioral responses to contexts of risk with ecological impli ... | 2020 | 32973911 |
| angiostrongylus cantonensis infection of non-native rats in mount makiling forest reserve, the philippines. | a number of studies had been conducted on rat species diversity in the philippines, however, there is a dearth of information on the extent of angiostrongylus spp. infection in various ecological niches. collection of non-native rat samples occurred in various sampling sites categorized as residential, agricultural and agro-forest in philippine mount makiling forest reserve (mmfr) and its adjacent areas . three species of non-native rats were captured including rattus tanezumi, rattus norvegicus ... | 2020 | 32782032 |
| histopathological features and prevalence of capillaria hepatica infection in rattus spp. in philippine mount makiling forest reserve and its adjacent areas. | rats are recognized as reservoir hosts of several pathogens that pose a threat to human health. although rats are reported to be hosts of a large number of pathogens, a survey of capillaria hepatica carried by rats in various settings such as residential, agroforestry, and agricultural areas in the philippines has not been conducted. a total of 90 rats composed of rattus norvegicus, rattus tanezumi, and rattus exulans were collected through trapping in selected residential, agroforestry, and agr ... | 2020 | 32508408 |
| molecular epidemiological survey of leptospira infection of wild rodents in the urban settlement of cambodia. | leptospirosis remains a major public health threat in cambodia. in this study, we aimed at facilitating the development of preventive strategies against leptospirosis in cambodia by conducting molecular epidemiological surveys of leptospira infection among wild rodents. | 2018 | 29494314 |
| biocontrol of rats in an urban environment in southeast asia using sarcocystis singaporensis. | upon request of the local administration a control campaign targeting commensal rats (rattus rattus, r. exulans) was conducted in 30 sub-districts (villages) of the world heritage town luang prabang, northern laos, using rat bait containing lethal quantities of the parasitic protist sarcocystis singaporensis. the associated investigations assessed the short-term control efficacy, willingness of residents to co-operate (community approach), and temporal and spatial changes of the urban rat popula ... | 2019 | 30637908 |
| size matters: micro-evolution in polynesian rats highlights body size changes as initial stage in evolution. | microevolutionary patterns in populations of introduced rodent species have often been the focus of analytic studies for their potential relevance to understanding vertebrate evolution. the polynesian rat (rattus exulans) is an excellent proxy species because of its wide geographic and temporal distribution: its native and introduced combined range spans half the globe and it has been living for at least seven centuries wherever it was introduced. the objective of this study was to assess the ef ... | 2020 | 32377457 |
| effect of isolation on coat colour polymorphism of polynesian rats in island southeast asia and the pacific. | populations of vertebrate species introduced onto islands regularly develop similar phenotypic changes, e.g., larger or smaller body size, shortened limbs, duller coats, as well as behavioural changes such as increased tameness and reduced flight-initiation distance. these changes overlap in part with those associated with the 'domestication syndrome', especially tameness and changes in coat patterns, and might indicate a similar neural crest involvement in the concurrent development of multiple ... | 2019 | 31119086 |
| infection of rodents by orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus in relation to land use in thailand. | the relationship between land use structures and occurrence of scrub typhus agent, orientia tsutsugamushi infection in small wild mammals was conducted in three provinces of thailand: buriram, loei, and nan. orientia tsutsugamushi detection was performed using 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) amplicon sequencing approach using miseq illumina platform. in total, 387 animals (rodents and shrews) were examined for the bacterium infection. the 16s rdna sequences of the bacterium were found in nine animals f ... | 2017 | 30270910 |