| novel opsin gene variation in large-bodied, diurnal lemurs. | some primate populations include both trichromatic and dichromatic (red-green colour blind) individuals due to allelic variation at the x-linked opsin locus. this polymorphic trichromacy is well described in day-active new world monkeys. less is known about colour vision in malagasy lemurs, but, unlike new world monkeys, only some day-active lemurs are polymorphic, while others are dichromatic. the evolutionary pressures underlying these differences in lemurs are unknown, but aspects of species ... | 2017 | 28275167 |
| complete genome sequence of torque teno indri virus 1, a novel anellovirus in blood from a free-living lemur. | we identified torque teno indri virus 1 (ttiv1), the first anellovirus in a free-living lemur (indri indri). the complete circular 2,572-nucleotide (nt) ttiv1 genome is distantly related to torque teno sus virus. phylogenetic and sequence analyses support ttiv1 as a putative member of a new genus within the anelloviridae family. | 2017 | 28751399 |
| an intra-population analysis of the indris' song dissimilarity in the light of genetic distance. | the increasing interest in the evolution of human language has led several fields of research to focus on primate vocal communication. the 'singing primates', which produce elaborated and complex sequences of vocalizations, are of particular interest for this topic. indris (indri indri) are the only singing lemurs and emit songs whose most distinctive portions are "descending phrases" consisting of 2-5 units. we examined how the structure of the indris' phrases varied with genetic relatedness am ... | 2017 | 28860569 |
| phylogenetic history of the sifakas ( propithecus: lemuriformes) derived from cytogenetic studies. | the r-banded karyotypes of the different subspecies of propithecus diadema and p. verreauxi are compared to each other and to that of p. tattersalli, as well as those previously reported of indri indri and avahi laniger. this comparison shows that the different subspecies of p. verreauxi possess the same karyotype and that, among p. diadema, p. d. diadema and p. d. perrieri share the same karyotype differing from that of p. d. edwardsi by one robertsonian translocation. the karyotype of p. tatte ... | 2004 | 15252241 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of captive and free-living lemurs and domestic carnivores in eastern madagascar. | fecal samples from captive and free-living lemurs at ivoloina zoological park (izp) and domestic carnivores from six villages surrounding izp were evaluated between july and august 2012. free-living lemurs from betampona natural reserve (bnr), a relatively pristine rainforest fragment 40 km away, were also evaluated in november 2013. all 33 dogs sampled (100%) and 16 of 22 cats sampled (72.7%) were parasitized, predominantly with nematodes (strongyles, ascarids, and spirurids) as well as cestode ... | 2016 | 27010275 |
| effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (indri indri) health in madagascar. | anthropogenic habitat disturbance impairs ecosystem health by fragmenting forested areas, introducing environmental contamination, and reducing the quality of habitat resources. the effect of this disturbance on wildlife health is of particular concern in madagascar, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, where anthropogenic pressures on the environment remain high. despite the conservation importance of threatened lemur populations in madagascar, few data exist on the effects of anthropogeni ... | 2011 | 21344463 |
| comparing chromosomal and mitochondrial phylogenies of the indriidae (primates, lemuriformes). | the malagasy primate family indriidae comprises three genera with up to 19 species. cytogenetic and molecular phylogenies of the indriidae have been performed with special attention to the genus propithecus. comparative r-banding and fish with human paints were applied to karyotypes of representatives of all three genera and confirmed most of the earlier r-banding results. however, additional chromosomal rearrangements were detected. a reticulated and a cladistic phylogeny, the latter including ... | 2011 | 21336668 |
| not just a pretty song: an overview of the vocal repertoire of indri indri. | the vocal behaviour of wild indris inhabiting the area near andasibe was studied by means of all occurrence sampling. we provide a quantitative overview of the vocal repertoire of indri indri, describing qualitative contextual information and quantitative acoustic analysis for all the utterances we recorded from adult individuals. other than the song, the repertoire of indri indri comprises 8 vocal types uttered by the adults. future studies are necessary to explore whether vocalisations uttered ... | 2010 | 20834055 |
| ecogeographic size variations in sifakas: a test of the resource seasonality and resource quality hypotheses. | ecogeographic size variations have been documented in some but not all sifakas. few morphometric or body weight data have been available for two critically endangered subspecies of diademed sifakas: perrier's sifakas (propithecus diadema perrieri) and silky sifakas (propithecus diadema candidus). the objectives of our study were to determine size variations in sifakas and if these variations are related to resource quality and/or resource seasonality. p. d. perrieri and p. d. candidus were captu ... | 2005 | 15386235 |
| kinetics of leaping primates: influence of substrate orientation and compliance. | our current knowledge about the forces leapers generate and absorb is very limited and based exclusively on rigid force platform measurements. in their natural environments, however, leapers take off and land on branches and tree trunks, and these may be compliant. we evaluated the influence of substrate properties on leaping kinetics in prosimian leapers by using a combined field and laboratory approach. tree sway and the timing of takeoffs relative to the movements of trees were documented for ... | 1995 | 7604894 |
| subfossil indri indri from the ankarana massif of northern madagascar. | subfossil specimens of indri indri have been recovered recently from the ankarana massif cave system in the far north of madagascar. taken together with material from the central highland site of ampasambazimba, the range of this species appears to have once included much of the northern half of the island and to have extended north and west beyond the eastern rainforest (not unlike hapalemur simus). it is probable that forest corridors connected the subfossil localities to the current range at ... | 1995 | 7485433 |
| computed tomography and biomechanical analysis of fossil long bones. | computerized transverse axial scanning (computed tomography) is a relatively new radiographic technique designed to recover precise cross-sectional images (tomograms) of 3-dimensional objects. this highly sensitive process permits tissues of similar density to be separated and displayed unambiguously. these special features are, therefore, ideal for analyzing the cross-sectional geometry of intact fossil long bones, even when they are highly mineralized and their medullary cavities are occluded ... | 1979 | 109011 |
| a possible role of plantations for primate conservation in madagascar. | the utilization of eucalyptus plantations by seven sympatric species of prosimians was studied in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. the species were avahi laniger, cheirogaleus major, hapalemur griseus, indri indri, lemur fulvus, lepilemur mustelinus, and microcebus rufus. none of the lemurs was ever found in young eucalyptus plantations with little undergrowth. this was mainly due to the lack of travel opportunities within the shrub layer and between the shrubs and the canopy. food (mainly ... | 1987 | 31973503 |
| virus discovery reveals frequent infection by diverse novel members of the flaviviridae in wild lemurs. | lemurs are highly endangered mammals inhabiting the forests of madagascar. in this study, we performed virus discovery on serum samples collected from 84 wild lemurs and identified viral sequence fragments from 4 novel viruses within the family flaviviridae, including members of the genera hepacivirus and pegivirus. the sifaka hepacivirus (sifhv, two genotypes) and pegivirus (sifpgv, two genotypes) were discovered in the diademed sifaka (propithecus diadema), while other pegiviral fragments were ... | 2019 | 30460488 |
| an ethmoid exposure (os planum) in the orbit of indri indri (primates, lemuriformes). | in 6 of 17 skulls of indri indri retaining distinct sutures in the medial orbital wall, a small separate bony element intervenes between the frontal and the maxillolacrimal suture. this element is demonstrably continuous with the ethmoid on one such skull. the occurrence of an ethmoid exposure in the orbit of indri suggests that this trait is not a simple function of orbital size and convergence. since such an exposure is found in non-cheirogaleine lemuriforms, its distribution provides no suppo ... | 1978 | 418693 |
| functional morphology of indrid lumbar vertebrae. | indrids are primarily vertical clingers and leapers but also engage to various extents in climbing, suspensory postures, bimanual movement, bipedal hopping, and quadrupedalism. it has been demonstrated that these behaviors are well reflected in the appendicular anatomy of these primates, while indrid vertebral anatomy has received relatively little attention. in this morphometric study, biomechanically relevant aspects of the lumbar vertebrae of indri indri, propithecus diadema, and propithecus ... | 1995 | 8572156 |
| diet and feeding behaviour of indri indri in a low-altitude rain forest. | the diet and feeding behaviour of indri indri were investigated in the betampona reserve, eastern madagascar, over 12 months from february 2000 to february 2001. the highly folivorous diet of this species was confirmed--feeding on foliage (leaves and petioles) accounting for 82% of feeding records. immature leaves were the preferred dietary item, but at times of relative scarcity mature leaves, fruit, seeds, flowers and bark were substituted. the indri were observed to feed on parts from 22 plan ... | 2009 | 12566757 |
| laterality of manual function in foraging and positional behavior in wild indri (indri indri). | this research is based on the idea that some prosimian species are good models in which to test certain postulates of the "postural origins" theory proposed by macneilage and colleagues [behavioral and brain sciences 10:247-303, 1987] to explain the evolution of hand preference within the order primates. we investigated manual laterality in 16 wild indris (eight males and eight females, living in four social groups) in their habitat, the madagascan tropical rain forest. data were collected on tw ... | 2005 | 15645459 |
| diurnal distribution of loud calls in sympatric wild indris (indri indri) and ruffed lemurs (varecia variegata): implications for call functions. | we carried out a short study on the diurnal call distribution of two sympatric lemurs in the réserve naturelle intégrale zahamena (eastern madagascar). whereas indris (indri) song bouts were clearly concentrated in the early morning hours, the roar/shriek choruses of ruffed lemurs (varecia) exhibited a much more even distribution throughout the day. these differences in distribution pattern support earlier claims that indri song bouts are more likely to serve territorial functions, whereas ruffe ... | 2006 | 16736264 |
| behavioral correlates of extra-pair copulation in indri indri. | active pursuit of extra-pair mating has been reported for indri indri, the socially monogamous largest living lemur. this study, conducted in a mountain rainforest in eastern madagascar, presents the first evidence for extra-pair mating of indri and discusses the alternative mating strategy and alteration of the social, territorial, spatial, and vocal behavior of the adult female of a group of wild indris. further studies may investigate whether extra-pair copulation is an attempt to breed with ... | 2014 | 23921557 |
| blood transcriptomes reveal novel parasitic zoonoses circulating in madagascar's lemurs. | zoonotic diseases are a looming threat to global populations, and nearly 75% of emerging infectious diseases can spread among wildlife, domestic animals and humans. a 'one world, one health' perspective offers us an ideal framework for understanding and potentially mitigating the spread of zoonoses, and the island of madagascar serves as a natural laboratory for conducting these studies. rapid habitat degradation and climate change on the island are contributing to more frequent contact among hu ... | 2016 | 26814226 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs: x. chromosomal banding studies of propithecus diadema edwardsi and indri indri and phylogenic relationships between all the species of the indriidae. | the r-banded karyotypes of two indriidae, propithecus diadema and indri indri, are described and compared with each other and with those of the other species of this family, previously reported, avahi laniger and propithecus verreauxi. these comparisons show that 30 chromosomal rearrangements, including 21 robertsonian translocations and eight pericentric inversions, differentiate these karyotypes. a phylogenic diagram is proposed, showing the early separation of avahi and the relatively late di ... | 1988 | 31968877 |
| sexually dimorphic phrase organization in the song of the indris (indri indri). | animal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, composed of multiple distinct acoustic units, which can vary in their degree of stereotypy. studies of sequence variation may contribute to our understanding of the structural flexibility of primates' songs, which can provide essential ecological and behavioral information about variability at the individual, population, and specific level and provide insights into the mechanisms and drivers responsible for the evolutionary ... | 2020 | 32277718 |
| evidence of genetic monogamy in the lemur indri (indri indri). | monogamy is a rare strategy among mammals but relatively common among primates. the study of the evolution of monogamy in mammals and primates is lacking empirical studies that assess the relationship between a pair-living social organization and genetic monogamy. sexual or genetic monogamy can only be assessed by performing molecular analyses and investigating rates of extra-pair paternity (epp). studying the occurrence of epp can provide valuable insights into reproductive strategies and their ... | 2019 | 31180154 |
| niche separation of seven lemur species in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. | this study examines segregation of seven lemur species in an eastern rainforest of madagascar by a numerical analysis of microhabitats using structural and phenological data. these data are combined with the results of a previous study on food selection by these species in relation to plant chemistry. description of some 441 10×10 m(2) microhabitats yields clear separation of the frugivorous from the more folivorous guild of lemurs. within each guild there are subgroups of two species each, whic ... | 1989 | 28312866 |
| [cranial and mandibular morphology of the indrinae. contribution of procrustes methods and fourier analysis]. | although it is universally accepted that the indridae family is monophyletic, there is no such unanimity about how the extant species of the indrinae sub-family are related. cranium and mandible disparity among indri indri, propithecus diadema, propithecus verreauxi and avahi laniger is analysed by geometrical morphometric methods and interpreted in adaptive terms. we compare results obtained by two techniques: procrustes superimpositions for skulls and elliptical fourier analysis for jawbones. ... | 2000 | 10923214 |
| finding meanings in low dimensional structures: stochastic neighbor embedding applied to the analysis of indri indri vocal repertoire. | although there is a growing number of researches focusing on acoustic communication, the lack of shared analytic approaches leads to inconsistency among studies. here, we introduced a computational method used to examine 3360 calls recorded from wild indris (indri indri) from 2005-2018. we split each sound into ten portions of equal length and, from each portion we extracted spectral coefficients, considering frequency values up to 15,000 hz. we submitted the set of acoustic features first to a ... | 2019 | 31096675 |
| call and be counted! can we reliably estimate the number of callers in the indri's (indri indri) song? | estimating the number of animals participating in a choral display may contribute reliable information on animal population estimates, particularly when environmental or behavioral factors restrict the possibility of visual surveys. difficulties in providing a reliable estimate of the number of singers in a chorus are many (e.g., background noise masking, overlap). in this work, we contributed data on the vocal chorusing of the indri lemurs (indri indri), which emit howling cries, known as songs ... | 2018 | 30075022 |
| female dominance in indri indri. | a total of 15 months were spent on field research in eastern madagascar studying the largest extant lemur indri indri. social relationships were analysed according to the frequency and direction of affiliative and agonistic behaviours, and with respect to the relative tree positions and behavioural synchrony of group members. the relationship between the adult male and adult female in each group was distinguished by the subordinance of the former. between group variation in adults' relationships ... | 2001 | 114465 |
| conservation biology of malagasy strepsirhines: a phylogenetic approach. | the phylogenetic diversity of extant lemurs represents one of the most important but least studied aspects of the conservation biology of primates. the phylogenetic diversity of a species is inversely proportional to the relative number and closeness of its phylogenetic relatives. phylogenetic diversity can then be used to determine conservation priorities for specific biogeographic regions. although malagasy strepsirhines represent the highest phylogenetic diversity among primates at the global ... | 2006 | 16365858 |