| stimulant effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on action potential activity in pars intermedia cells of the lizard anolis carolinensis: contrasting effects in pars intermedia of rat and rostral pars distalis of fish (alosa pseudoharengus). | | 1979 | 509221 |
| toxaphene congeners in the canadian great lakes basin: temporal and spatial food web dynamics. | samples of a top predator fish species, lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) and predominant forage species including smelt (osmerus mordax), alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), slimy sculpin (cottus cognatus), deepwater sculpin (myoxocephalus quadricornis) and lake herring (coregonus artedii) were, collected from throughout 4 of the 5 great lakes (superior, huron, erie and ontario) (fig. 1). lake trout were also collected from three isolated lake systems (lakes nipigon, simcoe and opeongo), all locate ... | 2000 | 10739065 |
| perfluoroalkyl contaminants in a food web from lake ontario. | perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) is a persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorinated acid detectable in humans and wildlife worldwide that has alerted scientists to examine the environmental fate of other fluorinated organic contaminants. recently a homologous series of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfcas) was detected in the arctic, yet little is known about their sources, breadth of contamination, or environmental distribution. in this study we analyzed for pfos, the homologous series of pfcas r ... | 2004 | 15543740 |
| optimal swim speeds for traversing velocity barriers: an analysis of volitional high-speed swimming behavior of migratory fishes. | migrating fish traversing velocity barriers are often forced to swim at speeds greater than their maximum sustained speed (u(ms)). failure to select an appropriate swim speed under these conditions can prevent fish from successfully negotiating otherwise passable barriers. i propose a new model of a distance-maximizing strategy for fishes traversing velocity barriers, derived from the relationships between swim speed and fatigue time in both prolonged and sprint modes. the model predicts that fi ... | 2005 | 15671330 |
| a marine fish diet reduces spontaneous lymphoma in outbred swiss-webster mice. | diets rich in marine organisms or their oils are known to suppress solid tumor development in humans and rodents, but the potential for marine foods to affect hematopoietic system cancers is not well understood. as part of a toxicology study, we fed groups of mice three different diets for 10 weeks: marine fish, 58% homogenized atlantic smelt and herring; freshwater fish, 58% smelt and alewife from the north american great lakes, and commercial dry rodent chow. between 1 and 15 weeks following d ... | 2005 | 16263583 |
| temporal trends of young-of-year fishes in lake erie and comparison of diel sampling periods. | we explored temporal trends of young-of-year (yoy) fishes caught in bottom trawl hauls at an established offshore monitoring site in lake erie in fall during 1961-2001. sampling was conducted during morning, afternoon, and night in each year. catches per hour (cph) of alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) yoy were relatively low and exhibited no temporal trend. this result was consistent with the species' intolerance to lake erie's adverse winter water temperatures. gizzard shad (dorosoma cepedianum) y ... | 2007 | 16957842 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium species in wildlife populations within a watershed landscape in southeastern new york state. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium in wildlife in the new york city (nyc) watershed in southeastern new york state. a total of 6227 fecal samples were collected and evaluated from 5892 mammals (38 species), 263 birds (14 species), 2 reptiles (2 species), 8 amphibians (4 species), and 62 fish (15 species). cryptosporidium was detected in 30 species. of the species found positive for cryptosporidium, 16 represented new records for this parasite-alo ... | 2007 | 17466459 |
| effects of vitamin b1 (thiamine) deficiency in lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) alevins at hatching stage. | the objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between thiamine concentrations in unfertilized eggs and yolksac individuals of lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), along with any associated histopathological changes in the tissues of alevins at the hatching stage. we address these questions in a lake trout population from different spawning grounds of lake michigan (north and south), known for compromised survival due to early mortality syndrome (ems). however, a dichotomous forage ... | 2009 | 19576291 |
| variations of thiaminase i activity ph dependencies among typical great lakes forage fish and paenibacillus thiaminolyticus. | the source of thiaminase in the great lakes food web remains unknown. biochemical characterization of the thiaminase i activities observed in forage fish was undertaken to provide insights into potential thiaminase sources and to optimize catalytic assay conditions. we measured the thiaminase i activities of crude extracts from five forage fish species and one strain of paenibacillus thiaminolyticus over a range of ph values. the clupeids, alewife alosa pseudoharengus and gizzard shad dorosoma c ... | 2009 | 20218495 |
| quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for a bacterial thiaminase i gene and the thiaminase-producing bacterium paenibacillus thiaminolyticus. | the thiaminase i enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium paenibacillus thiaminolyticus isolated from the viscera of lake michigan alewives alosa pseudoharengus is currently the only defined source of the thiaminase activity linked to thiamine (vitamin b1) deficiency in early mortality syndrome (ems) in the larvae of great lakes salmonines. diets of alewife or isolated strains of p. thiaminolyticus mixed in a semipurified diet and fed to lake trout salvelinus namaycush have been shown to p ... | 2009 | 20218497 |
| Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2011-30 September 2011. | This article documents the addition of 299 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) EPIC primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources (MER) Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alosa pseudoharengus, Alosa aestivalis, Aphis spiraecola, Argopecten purpuratus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Garra gotyla, Hippodamia convergens, Linnaea borealis, Menippe mercenaria, Menippe adina, Parus major, Pinus densiflora, Portunus trituberculatus, Procontar ... | 2012 | 22136175 |
| residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from lakes saint clair and erie, canada--1968-76. | eighteen species of fish from lake saint clair and 19 species from lake erie were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) between 1968 and 1976. mean residues of sigma ddt peaked at 1.19 ppm in longnose gar (lepisosteus osseus) caught in lake saint clair in 1970-71, but had declined in all species by 1975-76. dieldrin levels in fish tissues increased over the same period. white bass (morone chrysops), caught in 1975 in lake erie, had the highest mean residue o ... | 2000 | 101968 |
| eco-evolution in size-structured ecosystems: simulation case study of rapid morphological changes in alewife. | over the last 300 years, interactions between alewives and zooplankton communities in several lakes in the u.s. have caused the alewives' morphology to transition rapidly from anadromous to landlocked. lakes with landlocked alewives contain smaller-bodied zooplankton than those without alewives. landlocked adult alewives display smaller body sizes, narrower gapes, smaller inter-gill-raker spacings, reach maturity at an earlier age, and are less fecund than anadromous alewives. additionally, land ... | 2017 | 28241737 |
| tambora and the mackerel year: phenology and fisheries during an extreme climate event. | global warming has increased the frequency of extreme climate events, yet responses of biological and human communities are poorly understood, particularly for aquatic ecosystems and fisheries. retrospective analysis of known outcomes may provide insights into the nature of adaptations and trajectory of subsequent conditions. we consider the 1815 eruption of the indonesian volcano tambora and its impact on gulf of maine (gom) coastal and riparian fisheries in 1816. applying complex adaptive syst ... | 2017 | 28116356 |
| transcriptomic imprints of adaptation to fresh water: parallel evolution of osmoregulatory gene expression in the alewife. | comparative approaches in physiological genomics offer an opportunity to understand the functional importance of genes involved in niche exploitation. we used populations of alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) to explore the transcriptional mechanisms that underlie adaptation to fresh water. ancestrally anadromous alewives have recently formed multiple, independently derived, landlocked populations, which exhibit reduced tolerance of saltwater and enhanced tolerance of fresh water. using rna-seq, we ... | 2017 | 28012221 |
| retrospective analysis of organophosphate flame retardants in herring gull eggs and relation to the aquatic food web in the laurentian great lakes of north america. | with the phase-out and regulation of some flame retardant chemicals, the production and usage of organophosphate triester flame retardants (opfrs) has increased in recent years. in the present study, 14 opfrs (either chlorinated, brominated or non-halogenated) were analyzed in egg pools of 10-13 individual herring gull eggs from five colonial nesting sites for 11 years spanning 1990-2010, (for a total of n=55 egg pools) in the laurentian great lakes of north america (chantry island, fighting isl ... | 2016 | 27322497 |
| myxobolus mauriensis n. sp. infecting rib cartilage of young-of-the-year river herring in new jersey: notes on pathology, prevalence, and genetics. | : river herring populations, including alosa pseudoharengus and alosa aestivalis , have significantly declined as a result of anthropogenic factors throughout their range in eastern north america. to better understand the health of the species, parasite surveys were conducted in several new jersey rivers. a novel myxozoan parasite, myxobolus mauriensis n. sp., is described infecting the cartilage of pleural ribs in young-of-the-year fish. the parasite forms large polysporic plasmodia forming ps ... | 2016 | 27050110 |
| trade-offs in osmoregulation and parallel shifts in molecular function follow ecological transitions to freshwater in the alewife. | adaptation to freshwater may be expected to reduce performance in seawater because these environments represent opposing selective regimes. we tested for such a trade-off in populations of the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). alewives are ancestrally anadromous, and multiple populations have been independently restricted to freshwater (landlocked). we conducted salinity challenge experiments, whereby juvenile alewives from one anadromous and multiple landlocked populations were exposed to freshwa ... | 2015 | 26374626 |
| juvenile river herring habitat use and marine emigration trends: comparing populations. | juvenile habitat use and early life migratory behaviors of successfully recruited adult fish provide unique insight into critical habitats for a population, and this information allows restoration plans to be tailored to maximize benefits. retrospective analysis of adult otolith chemistry combined with fish-otolith growth models were used to assess juvenile nursery habitat selection and size at egress to adult habitats (marine waters) for anadromous alewife and blueback herring from 20 rivers th ... | 2016 | 26369780 |
| emergence of a novel prey life history promotes contemporary sympatric diversification in a top predator. | intraspecific phenotypic variation can strongly impact community and ecosystem dynamics. effects of intraspecific variation in keystone species have been shown to propagate down through the food web by altering the adaptive landscape for other species and creating a cascade of ecological and evolutionary change. however, similar bottom-up eco-evolutionary effects are poorly described. here we show that life history diversification in a keystone prey species, the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), p ... | 2015 | 26365323 |
| quantifying alosine prey in the diets of marine piscivores in the gulf of maine. | the objectives of this work were to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the occurrence of anadromous fishes (alewife alosa pseudoharengus, blueback herring alosa aestivalis and american shad alosa sapidissima) in the stomachs of demersal fishes in coastal waters of the north-west atlantic ocean. results show that anadromous fishes were detectable and quantifiable in the diets of common marine piscivores for every season sampled. even though anadromous fishes were not the most abund ... | 2015 | 25943427 |
| intestinal coccidiosis of anadromous and landlocked alewives, alosa pseudoharengus, caused by goussia ameliae n. sp. and g. alosii n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae). | anadromous alewives, alosa pseudoharengus, have experienced significant population level declines caused by factors including habitat destruction. alewives occur in two different life histories, anadromous and landlocked forms. the landlocked alewife evolved from ancestral anadromous populations, resulting in an exclusively freshwater and phenotypically unique form. the occurrence of parasites in a host is linked to the environment, making alewives an ideal model to compare parasitology within a ... | 2015 | 25853050 |
| intraspecific phenotypic variation among alewife populations drives parallel phenotypic shifts in bluegill. | evolutionary diversification within consumer species may generate selection on local ecological communities, affecting prey community structure. however, the extent to which this niche construction can propagate across food webs and shape trait variation in competing species is unknown. here, we tested whether niche construction by different life-history variants of the planktivorous fish alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) can drive phenotypic divergence and resource use in the competing species blu ... | 2014 | 24920478 |
| relaxed selection causes microevolution of seawater osmoregulation and gene expression in landlocked alewives. | ecological transitions from marine to freshwater environments have been important in the creation of diversity among fishes. evolutionary changes associated with these transitions likely involve modifications of osmoregulatory function. in particular, relaxed selection on hypo-osmoregulation should strongly affect animals that transition into novel freshwater environments. we used populations of the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) to study evolutionary shifts in hypo-osmoregulatory capacity and i ... | 2014 | 24859345 |
| does variation in the intensity and duration of predation drive evolutionary changes in senescence? | the evolutionary theory of senescence predicts that increased rates of extrinsic mortality select for faster declines in fertility and survival with age. one predicted mechanism is that increased mortality favours alleles that enhance fitness early in life at the expense of survival or reproduction later in life (antagonistic pleiotropy). we tested these predictions in natural populations of daphnia ambigua from lakes that vary in the severity and duration of fish predation. daphnia are found in ... | 2014 | 24810960 |
| combining genetic and demographic information to prioritize conservation efforts for anadromous alewife and blueback herring. | a major challenge in conservation biology is the need to broadly prioritize conservation efforts when demographic data are limited. one method to address this challenge is to use population genetic data to define groups of populations linked by migration and then use demographic information from monitored populations to draw inferences about the status of unmonitored populations within those groups. we applied this method to anadromous alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (alosa a ... | 2014 | 24567743 |
| beta-thymosin gene polymorphism associated with freshwater invasiveness of alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). | predicting the success of a species' colonization into a novel environment is routinely considered to be predicated on niche-space similarity and vacancy, as well as propagule pressure. the role genomic variation plays in colonization success (and the interaction with environment) may be suggested, but has not rigorously been documented. to test an hypothesis that previously observed ecotype-specific polymorphisms between anadromous and landlocked alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) populations are a ... | 2014 | 24482425 |
| intraspecific phenotypic variation in a fish predator affects multitrophic lake metacommunity structure. | contemporary insights from evolutionary ecology suggest that population divergence in ecologically important traits within predators can generate diversifying ecological selection on local community structure. many studies acknowledging these effects of intraspecific variation assume that local populations are situated in communities that are unconnected to similar communities within a shared region. recent work from metacommunity ecology suggests that species dispersal among communities can als ... | 2013 | 24455134 |
| human disturbance causes the formation of a hybrid swarm between two naturally sympatric fish species. | most evidence for hybrid swarm formation stemming from anthropogenic habitat disturbance comes from the breakdown of reproductive isolation between incipient species, or introgression between allopatric species following secondary contact. human impacts on hybridization between divergent species that naturally occur in sympatry have received considerably less attention. theory predicts that reinforcement should act to preserve reproductive isolation under such circumstances, potentially making r ... | 2014 | 24450302 |
| consumer interaction strength may limit the diversifying effect of intraspecific competition: a test in alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). | intraspecific competition is considered a principal driver of dietary variation, but empirical studies provide mixed support for this mechanism. here we link comparative and experimental work testing the effects of competition and resource availability on the dietary variation of the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). the alewife, a consumer with extreme effects on its resources, was specifically utilized to additionally test the idea that strong interactions between a consumer and its resources ca ... | 2013 | 23669543 |
| clupeid response to stressors: the influence of environmental factors on thiaminase expression. | over the past five decades, a reproductive failure related to thiamine deficiency, referred to as thiamine deficiency complex (tdc), has been observed in valuable salmonine fishes in the great lakes and finger lakes in north america and the baltic sea in europe. the cause of tdc has been linked to the consumption of clupeid fish, which contain high levels of a thiamine-destroying enzyme called thiaminase i (hereafter referred to as "thiaminase"). high activities of thiaminase have been reported ... | 2013 | 23560604 |
| ecosystem transformations of the laurentian great lake michigan by nonindigenous biological invaders. | lake michigan, a 58,000-km(2) freshwater inland sea, is large enough to have persistent basin-scale circulation yet small enough to enable development of approximately balanced budgets for water, energy, and elements including carbon and silicon. introduction of nonindigenous species-whether through invasion, intentional stocking, or accidental transplantation-has transformed the lake's ecosystem function and habitat structure. of the 79 nonindigenous species known to have established reproducti ... | 2013 | 22809179 |
| a cascade of evolutionary change alters consumer-resource dynamics and ecosystem function. | it is becoming increasingly clear that intraspecific evolutionary divergence influences the properties of populations, communities and ecosystems. the different ecological impacts of phenotypes and genotypes may alter selection on many species and promote a cascade of ecological and evolutionary change throughout the food web. theory predicts that evolutionary interactions across trophic levels may contribute to hypothesized feedbacks between ecology and evolution. however, the importance of 'ca ... | 2012 | 22628469 |
| genetic divergence between freshwater and marine morphs of alewife (alosa pseudoharengus): a 'next-generation' sequencing analysis. | alewife alosa pseudoharengus, a small clupeid fish native to atlantic ocean, has recently (∼150 years ago) invaded the north american great lakes and despite challenges of freshwater environment its populations exploded and disrupted local food web structures. this range expansion has been accompanied by dramatic changes at all levels of organization. growth rates, size at maturation, or fecundity are only a few of the most distinct morphological and life history traits that contrast the two ale ... | 2012 | 22438868 |
| branchial ionocyte organization and ion-transport protein expression in juvenile alewives acclimated to freshwater or seawater. | the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) is a clupeid that undergoes larval and juvenile development in freshwater preceding marine habitation. the purpose of this study was to investigate osmoregulatory mechanisms in alewives that permit homeostasis in different salinities. to this end, we measured physiological, branchial biochemical and cellular responses in juvenile alewives acclimated to freshwater (0.5 p.p.t.) or seawater (35.0 p.p.t.). plasma chloride concentration was higher in seawater-acclim ... | 2012 | 22279071 |
| the impact of intraspecific variation in a fish predator on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and investment in sex in daphnia ambigua. | theory predicts that the evolution of phenotypic plasticity depends upon cues that indicate environmental change. predators typically induce plastic responses in prey. however, variation among populations of predators alters the frequency of predation and, possibly, the evolution of plasticity. we compared responses to predator cues in daphnia ambigua from lakes where alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) either do (anadromous) or do not (landlocked) migrate between marine and freshwater. in 'anadromou ... | 2012 | 22022990 |
| effects of thermal acclimation on tissue fatty acid composition of freshwater alewives (alosa pseudoharengus). | in this study, we examine changes in fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids in gill, liver, and muscle of freshwater alewives (alosa pseudoharengus) after temperature challenges in the laboratory. alewives experienced either a warm or cold challenge in which temperatures were raised or lowered 0.5°c day(-1) over 4-6 weeks. in alewives experiencing the cold challenge, gill polar lipids showed evidence of significant remodeling, including decreases in palmitic acid and saturated fatty ... | 2012 | 21638009 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish and crayfish from the calumet region of southwestern lake michigan. | we identified and quantified polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in six aquatic taxa from the calumet region of southwestern lake michigan in order to examine their differential exposure to and health risks from pah. there was a high degree of variation in pah concentrations across and within sites. mean concentrations of total pah were high in alewife (1,064 ng/g) and minnows (345 ng/g) collected from the indiana ship canal, when compared to other taxa and locations. concentrations of pah in sunfi ... | 2011 | 21594573 |
| mitochondrial genome of the american shad alosa sapidissima. | the complete mitochondrial genome of alosa sapidissima has been determined. the total length of the mitogenome was 16,697 bp and had a gene content (13 protein-coding, 22 trnas and 2 rrnas. except for the seven trna and nd6 genes, all other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. the overall base composition of the heavy strand is 28.3% a, 24.8% t, 28.9% c, 17.9% g, with an at content of 53.1%. the dna sequence of alosa. sapidissima shared 97.1, 93.9, 88.8 and 82.3% sequence identit ... | 2011 | 21314242 |
| interpopulation variation in a fish predator drives evolutionary divergence in prey in lakes. | ecological factors are known to cause evolutionary diversification. recent work has shown that evolution in strongly interacting predator species has reciprocal impacts on ecosystems. these divergent impacts of predators may alter the selective landscape and cause the evolution of prey. yet, this link between intraspecific variation and evolution is unexplored. we compared the life history of a species of zooplankton (daphnia ambigua) from lakes in new england in which the dominant planktivorous ... | 2011 | 21270045 |
| the biological pathway and effect of pcbs on common terns in lake michigan. | poly-chlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) have been recognized as a significant contaminant in the great lakes ecosystem. although pcbs are implicated in the reduced survival and reproductive success of several piscivorous bird species, the biological pathway in which pcbs bioaccumulate remains largely unknown. this study investigates the two most likely biological pathways, suggested via research on great lakes sport fish, by which pcbs would be acquired by common terns (sterna hirundo), a piscivorous ... | 2010 | 20725777 |
| egg fatty acid composition from lake trout fed two lake michigan prey fish species. | we previously demonstrated that there were significant differences in the egg thiamine content in lake trout salvelinus namaycush fed two lake michigan prey fish (alewife alosa pseudoharengus and bloater coregonus hoyi). lake trout fed alewives produced eggs low in thiamine, but it was unknown whether the consumption of alewives affected other nutritionally important components. in this study we investigated the fatty acid composition of lake trout eggs when females were fed diets that resulted ... | 2009 | 20218501 |
| eco-evolutionary feedbacks in community and ecosystem ecology: interactions between the ecological theatre and the evolutionary play. | interactions between natural selection and environmental change are well recognized and sit at the core of ecology and evolutionary biology. reciprocal interactions between ecology and evolution, eco-evolutionary feedbacks, are less well studied, even though they may be critical for understanding the evolution of biological diversity, the structure of communities and the function of ecosystems. eco-evolutionary feedbacks require that populations alter their environment (niche construction) and t ... | 2009 | 19414476 |
| intraspecific variation in a predator affects community structure and cascading trophic interactions. | intraspecific phenotypic variation in ecologically important traits is widespread and important for evolutionary processes, but its effects on community and ecosystem processes are poorly understood. we use life history differences among populations of alewives, alosa pseudoharengus, to test the effects of intraspecific phenotypic variation in a predator on pelagic zooplankton community structure and the strength of cascading trophic interactions. we focus on the effects of differences in (1) th ... | 2008 | 18705387 |
| evaluating the effect of stressors on thiaminase activity in alewife. | no consistent explanation has been found for the variability in the thiaminase activity of alewives alosa pseudoharengus despite the role of alewife thiaminase in large-scale salmonine mortality in the laurentian great lakes. we conducted experiments to evaluate the effect of two stressors, reduced salt content in the water and food limitation, on alewife thiaminase activity. alewives were subjected to treatments in replicated tanks in which conductivity was lowered (< 100 micros/cm) for 8 d and ... | 2008 | 18536504 |
| effectiveness and retention of thiamine and its analogs administered to steelhead and landlocked atlantic salmon. | we investigated the feasibility of enhancing the reproduction of steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss and landlocked atlantic salmon salmo salar in lakes where the consumption of alewives alosa pseudoharengus and other forage fishes containing thiaminase can cause them to become thiamine deficient and thereby reduce the survival of their fry. we evaluated feeding fingerling steelhead excess thiamine hydrochloride (thc1) for 1 or 2 weeks or equimolar amounts of thiamine mononitrate, thiamine-tetrahydrof ... | 2008 | 18536500 |
| thiamine and fatty acid content of walleye tissue from three southern u.s. reservoirs. | we determined the thiamine concentration in egg, muscle, and liver tissues of walleyes sander vitreus and the fatty acid content of walleye eggs from three southern u.s. reservoirs. in two tennessee reservoirs (dale hollow and center hill), in which there were alewives alosa pseudoharengus in the forage base, natural recruitment of walleyes was not occurring; by contrast in lake james reservoir, north carolina, where there were no alewives, the walleye population was sustained via natural recrui ... | 2007 | 18201048 |
| independent evolutionary origins of landlocked alewife populations and rapid parallel evolution of phenotypic traits. | alewife, alosa pseudoharengus, populations occur in two discrete life-history variants, an anadromous form and a landlocked (freshwater resident) form. landlocked populations display a consistent pattern of life-history divergence from anadromous populations, including earlier age at maturity, smaller adult body size, and reduced fecundity. in connecticut (usa), dams constructed on coastal streams separate anadromous spawning runs from lake-resident landlocked populations. here, we used sequence ... | 2008 | 18179439 |
| developmental and morphological variation in the teleost craniofacial skeleton reveals an unusual mode of ossification. | we investigated the morphology and development of the scleral ossicles within the eyes of three species from three basal teleost orders, namely, the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus; clupeiformes), the surface morph of the mexican tetra (astyanax mexicanus; characiformes) and zebrafish (danio rerio; cypriniformes). two morphologies, circular and elongated, and one variation, fused elements, were identified. zebrafish have small circular ossicles, whereas the alewife and the mexican tetra have elong ... | 2007 | 17577202 |
| skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology. | scleral ossicles and scleral cartilages form part of the craniofacial skeleton of many vertebrates. some vertebrates, including all birds and most reptiles, but excluding most mammals, have scleral cartilages as well as scleral ossicles supporting their eyes. the teleost equivalent of these elements has received little attention in the literature. from radiographic and whole-mount analyses of over 400 individuals from 376 teleost species, we conclude that the teleost scleral skeletal elements (o ... | 2006 | 17051547 |
| the role of cannibalism and contaminant source on bioaccumulation in aquatic food webs. | two aspects of bioaccumulation in an aquatic food web are explored. first, the possible implications of cannibalism, including the scavenging of conspecifics, as a factor influencing food web bioaccumulation and biomagnification are explored by examining the behavior of total polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in a simple aquatic food web consisting of plankton, juvenile and adult mysis relicta, diporeia, and alewife. from an analysis of trophic transfer efficiencies and food consumption rates, it ... | 2005 | 15839566 |
| broadband acoustic backscatter and high-resolution morphology of fish: measurement and modeling. | broadband acoustic backscattering measurements, advanced high-resolution imaging of fish morphology using ct scans and phase-contrast x rays (in addition to traditional x rays), and associated scattering modeling using the images have been conducted involving alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), a swimbladder-bearing fish. a greater-than-octave bandwidth (40-95 khz) signal was used to insonify live, individual, adult alewife that were tethered while being rotated in 1-deg increments over all angles i ... | 2004 | 15376641 |
| biomagnification of alpha- and gamma-hexabromocyclododecane isomers in a lake ontario food web. | the extent of bioaccumulation of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) isomers (alpha, beta, and gamma) was determined in the lake ontario pelagic food web using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms). concentrations of the alpha-isomer were consistently higher than that of the gamma-isomer. the beta-isomer was below method detection limits in all samples. whole body concentrations (ng/g, wet wt) of alpha- and gamma-hbcd were highest in the top predator lake trout samples ranging from ... | 2004 | 15116833 |
| marine nutrient contributions to freshwater apex predators. | recent investigations into the nutrient cycling of coastal ecosystems have suggested that migratory or anadromous fish could be important vectors of marine nutrients. anadromous fish have assimilated marine nutrients that would contribute to the nutrient budgets of freshwater systems by excretion, gamete release, or the decay of post-reproductive carcasses. however, the extent to which freshwater predators utilize marine material is not well understood. in systems where anadromous fish temporari ... | 2000 | 28308350 |
| maternal blood, egg and larval thiamin levels correlate with larval survival in landlocked atlantic salmon. | a link was previously established between the cayuga syndrome, a condition causing 100% mortality in larval landlocked atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in several of new york's finger lakes, and a maternal diet of alewife, alosa pseudoharengus, a non-native thiaminase-rich clupeid fish. we evaluated salmon larvae viability relative to maternal thiamin status, and investigated the putative link of the cayuga syndrome to an alewife diet in fish from the geographic regions outside the finger lakes/low ... | 1998 | 9868194 |
| the efficacy of a limestone doser to mitigate stream acidification in a maryland coastal plain stream: implications for migratory fish species. | the objective of this two-year study was to determine the efficacy of an automated limestone slurry doser to neutralize acidic pulses and improve water quality conditions for enhancing survival of early life stages of migratory fish species in a maryland coastal plain stream. implications for survival of early life stages of migratory fish species such as yellow perch (perca flavescens), white perch (morone americana), blueback herring (alosa aestivalis) and alewife (alosa pseudoharengus) are di ... | 1994 | 24213966 |
| potassium conductance in müller cells of fish. | the distribution of potassium conductance across the surface of retinal glial (müller) cells was determined in three species of fishes: two teleosts, the goldfish (carassius auratus) and the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus), and an elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias). potassium conductance was measured by monitoring cell depolarizations evoked by focal ejections of a 15 meq/l k+ solution onto the surface of freshly dissociated cells. the k+ conductance distributions observed in the ... | 1988 | 2467883 |
| feeding great lakes fish to mink: effects on mink and accumulation and elimination of pcbs by mink. | the effects of feeding great lakes fish or fish products (carp, sucker, perch scraps, whitefish racks, and alewife fishmeal) to mink were studied. growth and furring of mink were normal for all species of fish tested. however, mink fed carp failed to reproduce, and the reproductive performance and/or kit survival in groups fed the perch, whitefish, and sucker were inferior to the control. only the alewife fishmeal diet supported reproduction and kit survival comparable to the control. pcb residu ... | 2013 | 6413698 |
| cellular composition of the rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland of the alewife, alosa pseudoharengus, during the spawning run. | the rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland of the marine alewife, alosa pseudoharengus, during its annual spawning run to fresh water was examined histologically. the rostral pars distalis is composed of many interconnecting follicles of various sizes. contrary to earlier reports, the follicular epithelium contains not only prolactin (prl) cells but corticotropic (acth) cell and thyrotropic (tsh) cells (in addition to two nonendocrine cell types). basally all three endocrine cell ... | 1981 | 6266281 |
| retina-specific ldh isozyme in blueback herring, alosa aestivalis (mitchell), and alewife, alosa pseudoharengus (wilson). | the retina of 390 alosa aestivalis and 410 alosa pseudoharengus have been examined by means of starch-gel electrophoresis. the retina-specific e4 isozyme has been found to occur in all the fish examined. this study demonstrates for the first time that the e4 isozyme occurs in a. aestivalis. because the e4 isozyme is not polymorphic and has an identical mobility in a. pseudoharengus and in a. aestivalis it is neither suitable for use as a species identification characteristic nor a population mar ... | 1975 | 1211669 |
| the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary gland of the freshwater and marine alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). a light and electron microscope study. | | 1973 | 4355161 |
| pristane and other hydrocarbons in some freshwater and marine fish oils. | pristane levels in four commercial freshwater fish oils (alewife, tullibee, maria and sheepshead) were found to be markedly lower (0.0001% or less) than those in marine fish oils (herring, sand launce, cod liver and gray cod liver) selected for comparison on the basis of similar types of depot fat storage (0.008-0.107%). certain normal alkanes were also identified by gas chromatography. of these, heptadecane was predominant in all of the freshwater fish oils, but octadecane was more prevalent th ... | 1971 | 27519361 |
| olfaction in parent stream selection by the alewife (alosa pseudoharengus). | | 1971 | 5150474 |
| composition of combustible concretions of the alewife, alosa pseudoharengus. | alewives, alosa pseudoharengus, wash ashore from onondaga lake, n.y., in the form of combustible concretions in which the mnuscles are replaced by calcium salts of fatty acids. in both distribution pattern and total concentration of fatty acids the concretions differ strikingly from normal carcasses. carbon-13: carbon-12 ratios indicate that the concretions may have formed from lipids of terrestrial or freshwater organisms or from organic pollutants of nonmarine origin, or from lipids and pollut ... | 1966 | 17741637 |
| the visual systems of euryhaline fishes. | 1. the retinas of all marine fishes so far examined except the labridae, and of all terrestrial vertebrates contain the rhodopsin system alone; those of fresh water fishes the porphyropsin system alone. in the present paper the visual systems of a number of euryhaline fishes are examined-fishes capable of existence in a wide range of salinities, though usually restricted in spawning either to the sea (catadromous) or to fresh water (anadromous). 2. the retinas of the anadromous salmonids (brook ... | 1941 | 19873269 |
| on the distribution of vitamins a(1) and a(2). | the distribution of vitamins a(1) and a(2) has been determined in the eye tissues and livers of a number of fishes. the vitamins were differentiated by means of the antimony chloride reaction, which yields with a(1) a band at 615-620 mmicro and with a(2) a band at about 696 mmicro. in the retina the presence of vitamin a(1) is diagnostic of the operation of a rhodopsin, and vitamin a(2) of a porphyropsin cycle. the eye tissues of all permanently marine fishes examined, except the tautog, contain ... | 1939 | 19873110 |