| identification and properties of j chain isolated from catfish macroglobulin. | after the cleavage of disulfide bonds of macroglobulin isolated from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), an electrophoretically fast-moving polypeptide, which resembled human j chain, was released. on a sephadex g-200 column equilibrated in 5 m guanidine, the elution position of the j chain overlapped with the descending part of the l chain peak. further purification was achieved by deae ion-exchange chromatography. the isolated polypeptide, which had a molecular weight of 14,800 +/- 500, as ... | 1975 | 809510 |
| phylogeny of immunoglobulins. characterization of a 14s immunoglobulin from the gar, lepisosteus osseus. | | 1971 | 4104936 |
| tetrameric immune macroglobulins in three orders of bony fishes. | the immune igm-like macroglobulins were isolated from three species of bony fishes (ictalurus punctatus, lepisosteus osseus, and polyodon spathula) representing the three orders of the subclass actinopterygii. these macroglobulins were found to have sedimentation coefficients of 14 s and molecular weights of 600,000-630,000. the carbohydrate compositions were determined and found to be different from that of human macroglobulins. after reduction and alkylation, the heavy and light chains could b ... | 1971 | 5276279 |
| humoral antibody responses in the gar, lepisosteus osseus. | | 1971 | 5558027 |
| chemical and morphological studies on garfish peripheral nerves. | gangliosides were extracted, separated by thin layer chromatography, and quantitated in three cranial nerves of the garfish (lepisosteus osseus): the completely unmyelinated olfactory nerve (olf), and two nerves composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, viz., the main trunk of the maxillary nerve (max) and a branch of the maxillary nerve (br-max). morphological studies on each of these nerves were done to verify that the olf had been excised free of any contamination from the accompan ... | 1981 | 7240445 |
| deciphering posttranslational processing events in the pituitary of a neopterygian fish: cloning of a gar proopiomelanocortin cdna. | a cdna that codes for the polypeptide hormone precursor proopiomelanocortin (pomc) was cloned and sequenced from a gar (lepisosteus osseus) pituitary cdna library. the gar pomc cdna is 1237 bp and contains a 780-bp open reading frame. the deduced amino acid sequence for gar pomc is 259 amino acids in length. the general organization of gar pomc is very similar to that of other gnathostome pomc sequences. the beta-endorphin sequence had 91% sequence identity with sockeye a beta-endorphin and 71% ... | 1997 | 9268621 |
| fish tissue quality in the lower mississippi river and health risks from fish consumption. | between 1990 and 1994, samples of three shellfish species (i.e. blue crab, callinectes sapidus;crayfish, procambarus acutis; and river shrimp, macrobrachium ohionii) and 16 fish species and were collected at six sites along the lower mississippi river by the louisiana department of environmental quality, office of water resources in coordination with the us environmental protection agency. the fish species included: bigmouth buffalo (ictiobus cyanellus); blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus); carp ( ... | 2003 | 12526903 |
| primary structure of stanniocalcin in two basal actinopterygii. | the primary structure of stanniocalcin (stc), the principal product of the corpuscles of stannius (cs) in ray-finned fishes, was deduced from stc cdna clones for two species of holostean, the gar, lepisosteus osseus and the bowfin, amia calva. overlapping partial cdna clones were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from single-strand cdna of the cs. excluding the poly(a) tail, the cdnas of 1863 base pairs [bp] (gar) and 914 bp (bowfin) contained the 5' untranslated region followed by th ... | 2004 | 14697312 |
| ultrastructural features of glisson's capsule and the overlying mesothelium in rat, monkey and pike liver. | samples from the liver of a male rat (sprague-dawley), a monkey (macacus rhesus), and a longnose gar pike (lepisosteus osseus) were studied in a transmission electron microscope to provide cytological and histological information about structures previously poorly documented in the literature. glisson's capsule consisted of dense, irregular connective tissue of typical type-i collagen fibrils. the capsule was formed by a single stratum of fibroblasts in the rat and in the pike, but by one or two ... | 2007 | 17765278 |
| lead in clams and fish of dietary importance from coatzacoalcos estuary (gulf of mexico), an industrialized tropical region. | with the aim of knowing seasonal variability of lead in fish and bivalve species from coatzacoalcos estuary, biota collected during three seasons was examined. in muscle tissue of fish, the highest level (5.4 microg g(-1)) was found in the longnose gar lepisosteus osseus from san francisco stream (a highly impacted site); the lowest value (0.2 microg g(-1)) was registered in yellowfin mojarra gerres cinereus from ostión lagoon (control site). in bivalves, concentrations in soft tissue ranged fro ... | 2007 | 17924041 |
| residues of organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish from lakes saint clair and erie, canada--1968-76. | eighteen species of fish from lake saint clair and 19 species from lake erie were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) between 1968 and 1976. mean residues of sigma ddt peaked at 1.19 ppm in longnose gar (lepisosteus osseus) caught in lake saint clair in 1970-71, but had declined in all species by 1975-76. dieldrin levels in fish tissues increased over the same period. white bass (morone chrysops), caught in 1975 in lake erie, had the highest mean residue o ... | 2000 | 101968 |
| unusual intraindividual variation of the nuclear 18s rrna gene is widespread within the acipenseridae. | significant intraindividual variation in the sequence of the 18s rrna gene is unusual in animal genomes. in a previous study, multiple 18s rrna gene sequences were observed within individuals of eight species of sturgeon from north america but not in the north american paddlefish, polyodon spathula, in two species of polypterus (polypterus delhezi and polypterus senegalus), in other primitive fishes (erpetoichthys calabaricus, lepisosteus osseus, amia calva) or in a lungfish (protopterus sp.). t ... | 2008 | 16714428 |
| evolution of behavior and neural control of the fast-start escape response. | the fast-start startle behavior is the primary mechanism of rapid escape in fishes and is a model system for examining neural circuit design and musculoskeletal function. to develop a dataset for evolutionary analysis of the startle response, the kinematics and muscle activity patterns of the fast-start were analyzed for four fish species at key branches in the phylogeny of vertebrates. three of these species (polypterus palmas, lepisosteus osseus, and amia calva) represent the base of the actin ... | 2002 | 12093034 |
| basal teleosts and the question of elopomorph monophyly. morphological and molecular approaches. | the methodology used by previous authors to resolve the relationships of the elopomorphan taxa is criticized. the morphological characters that have been proposed to support the monophyly of the elopomorpha are reviewed and it is shown that most of them are weak. a new hypothesis of relationships is proposed on the basis of nucleotidic sequences of ribosomal rna 18s, 16s and 12s. in order to really test all the possible relationships, the monophyly of the elopomorpha was not considered a priori. ... | 2001 | 11386087 |
| a comparative analysis of somatolactin-related immunoreactivity in the pituitaries of four neopterygian fishes and one chondrostean fish: an immunohistochemical study. | an antiserum to cod somatolactin (sl) was used for immunohistochemical screening for the pars intermedia of two teleosts (oreochromis mossambicus and gymothorax meleagris), two holostean fishes (lepisosteus osseus and amia calva), and a chondrostean fish (acipenser fulvescens) for sl-immunopositive (sl-ir) cells. as expected, a subset of the epithelial cells in the pars intermedia of o. mossambicus (tilapia) was immunopositive for sl, and the remainder of the epithelial cells was immunopositive ... | 1996 | 8860312 |
| cdna sequences and organization of igm heavy chain genes in two holostean fish. | immunoglobulin m heavy chain (mu) sequences of two holostean fish, the bowfin, amia calva, and the longnose gar, lepisosteus osseus, were amplified from spleen mrna by race-pcr, cloned, and sequenced. each mu chain showed the conserved four constant domain structure typical of a secreted mu chain. southern blot analyses with specific heavy chain variable (vh) and constant (ch) region probes suggest that both fish possess an igh locus that resembles that of the teleosts, amphibians, and mammals i ... | 2007 | 7556802 |
| isolation and biological activity of [trp5]bradykinin from the plasma of the phylogenetically ancient fish, the bowfin and the longnosed gar. | the holostean fish occupy an important position in vertebrate phylogeny as extant representatives of a ancient group of ray-finned fish with evolutionary connections to present-day teleosts. incubation of heat-denatured plasma from the bowfin amia calva with trypsin generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. the primary structure of bowfin bradykinin was established as ala-pro-pro-gly-trp-ser-pro-phe-arg. this amino acid sequence contains one amino acid substitution (phe5 --> trp) compared with ... | 1995 | 7651903 |
| detection of n-acetylated forms of alpha-msh and beta-endorphin in the intermediate pituitary of the holostean fishes, lepisosteus spatula, lepisosteus osseus, and amia calva. | acid extracts of the intermediate pituitaries of the gars, l. spatula and l. osseus, were fractionated by sephadex g-50 column chromatography and analyzed by radioimmunoassay. this procedure revealed that immunoreactive forms of n-acetylated beta-endorphin- and alpha-msh-sized material were present in equimolar amounts and represented the major end products of the pomc biosynthetic pathway in these species. cation-exchange chromatography indicated that multiple n-acetylated forms of beta-endorph ... | 1994 | 7937324 |
| yolk-platelet crystals in three ancient bony fishes: polypterus bichir (polypteri), amia calva l., and lepisosteus osseus (l.) (holostei). | yolk-platelet crystals in amia calva l., lepisosteus osseus (l.) and polypterus bichir have orthorhombic features with unit-cell dimensions a = 8.3 ... 8.8 nm, b = 16.4 ... 16.9 nm and c = 18.6 ... 19.8 nm as determined in electron-diffracted patterns of fixed, epoxy-resin embedded and thin-sectioned material. electron-diffraction patterns, crystal projections and the above unit-cell data make them extremely similar to the orthorhombic yolk-platelet crystals known for amphibians and teleosts. th ... | 1982 | 7199387 |
| accommodative lens movement in holosteans (amia calva and lepisosteus osseus oxyrus) and in the sea lamprey (petromyzon marinus). | | 1975 | 1131748 |
| which came first, the lung or the breath? | lungs are the characteristic air-filled organs (ao) of the polypteriformes, lungfish and tetrapods, whereas the swimbladder is ancestral in all other bony fish. lungs are paired ventral derivatives of the pharynx posterior to the gills. their respiratory blood supply is the sixth branchial artery and the venous outflow enters the heart separately from systemic and portal blood at the sinus venosus (polypteriformes) or the atrium (lungfish), or is delivered to a separate left atrium (tetrapods). ... | 2001 | 11369532 |
| cloning of the growth hormone cdna of alligator gar atractosteus spatula and its expression through larval development. | the alligator gar (atractosteus spatula) is the largest freshwater fish inhabiting rivers draining into the gulf of mexico. this primitive fish shows a fast growth rate since its early larval stages. this is attributed to the action of growth hormone (gh), an anterior pituitary gland hormone responsible for linear growth in vertebrates that can also be expressed in extrapituitary adult tissues and in fish embryos. the present research was aimed at obtaining the gh coding sequence of the alligato ... | 2005 | 15936701 |
| comparative and developmental functional morphology of the jaws of living and fossil gars (actinopterygii: lepisosteidae). | the feeding mechanism of gars (ginglymodi : lepisosteidae) is characterized by cranial elevation and lower jaw rotation but minimal cranial kinesis. gar jaws have numerous, sharply pointed, elongate teeth for capture of evasive prey. their mandibles range from relatively short to extremely long depending on the species. jaw length and lever dimensions were hypothesized to affect the biomechanics of force and motion during feeding, according to simple mechanical models of muscles exerting force t ... | 2006 | 15593308 |
| experimental verification of the metacercarial stage of rhipidocotyle lepisostei (trematoda: bucephalidae) with notes on the natural occurrence of its adult stage in gars in texas and virginia. | bucephalid metacercariae found encysted in the caudal fin rays of striped mullet (mugil cephalus) were fed to bucephalid-free spotted gars (lepisosteus oculatus) in the laboratory. gravid specimens of rhipidocotyle lepisostei were recovered from the intestinal tracts of 2 of 3 gars from 7 to 28 days later. further attempts to complete the entire life cycle were unsuccessful. natural infections of adult r. lepisostei were found in the type host, the alligator gar lepisosteus spatula, from galvest ... | 1990 | 2319436 |
| [comparison of the genome of the alligator gar with the genomes of several other fish]. | hybridization of alligator gar (lepisosteus osseus, lepisosteiformes, ganoidomorpha) [125i]- or [3h]dna fractions with dnas of more or less phylogenetically related fishes was studied. almost all of the repeated and unique sequences of alligator gar dna and dna of the spotted gar (from the same genus) are highly homologous (1-2% of nucleotide substitutions). the degrees of homology between repeated and unique sequences of alligator gar dna and dnas of the representatives of acipenseriformes (the ... | 2006 | 6855763 |
| [formation of the genome of the alligator gar lepisosteus osseus (ganoidomorpha) genome]. | genome structure of the alligator gar was studied by means of a comparison of reassociation kinetics of short and long dna fragments, an estimation of hyperchromicity of reassociated repetitive dna as a function of fragments length, and length estimation of s1-resistant duplexes by gel filtration. it was shown that most of the repeated sequences in the alligator gar dna are no less than 2000 b.p. long and weakly divergent. little or no interspersion of unique and short repeated sequences were ob ... | 2006 | 6855762 |
| morphology and innervation of the teleost physostome swim bladders and their functional evolution in non-teleostean lineages. | swim bladders and lungs are homologous structures. phylogenetically ancient actinopterygian fish such as cladistians (polypteriformes), ginglymods (lepisosteids) and lungfish have primitive lungs that have evolved in the paleozoic freshwater earliest gnathostomes as an adaptation to hypoxic stress. here we investigated the structure and the role of autonomic nerves in the physostome swim bladder of the cyprinid goldfish (carassius auratus) and the respiratory bladder of lepisosteids: the longnos ... | 2012 | 22277162 |
| the simultaneous presence of neuroepithelial cells and neuroepithelial bodies in the respiratory gas bladder of the longnose gar, lepisosteus osseus, and the spotted gar, l. oculatus. | anatomical and functional studies on the autonomic innervation as well as the location of airway receptors in the air-bladder of lepisosteids are very fragmentary. these water-breathing fishes share in common with the bichirs the presence of a glottis (not a ductus pneumaticus) opening into the esophagus. in contrast to a high concentration of neuroepithelial cells (necs) contained in the furrowed epithelium in the lung of polypterus, these cells are scattered as solitary cells in the glottal ep ... | 2012 | 21831413 |
| complex innervation patterns of the conus arteriosus in the heart of the longnose gar, lepisosteus osseus. | anatomical and functional studies of the autonomic innervation in the conus arteriosus of the garfishes are lacking. this study reveals that the conus arteriosus of the longnose gar is primarily myocardial in nature, but additionally, large numbers of smooth muscle cells are present in the subendocardium. a well-developed system of adrenergic, cholinergic, substance p (sp) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) positive nerve terminals are found in the wall of the conus arteriosus. coronary b ... | 2011 | 20656338 |
| dischroism of the infrared spectrum of nerve. | infrared spectra were obtained from the sciatic and optic nerves of the frog (rana sp.) and the trigeminal and olfactory nerves of the garfish (lepisosteus osseus). the myelinated nerves showed dichroism at several absorption peaks, particularly 1,220-1,230 cm(-1), but the nonmyelinated nerves showed little or no dichroism. the dichroic peaks indicate that in myelinated nerve, there is an ordered arrangement of protein and lipid molecules which was not found in nonmyelinated nerve. | 1973 | 4761577 |