| effect of temperature and photoperiod on the induction of diapause in the mite metaseiulus occidentalis. | | 1975 | 1117157 |
| stable genetic transformation of a beneficial arthropod, metaseiulus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae), by a microinjection technique. | a microinjection technique has resulted in stable transformation of the western predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. early preblastoderm eggs within gravid females were microinjected. the needle was inserted through the cuticle of gravid females into the egg, or the tissue immediately surrounding the egg. this maternal injection method resulted in relatively high levels of survival and transformation. transformation was achieved without the aid of any transposase-producing helper plasmid. th ... | 1992 | 1502192 |
| comparative studies on four strains of typhlodromus occidentalis. vi. persistence of insecticide-resistant strains in an apple orchard ecosystem. | | 1972 | 5008965 |
| heterochromatinization, chromatin elimination and haploidization in the parahaploid mite metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acarina: phytoseiidae). | embryogenic mitoses, mitoses in females and spermatogenesis are described in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt). at 22 degrees c, egg development lasts approximately 4 days. six chromosomes are seen in mitotic metaphases and anaphases of 0--24 h eggs. toward the end of this period some embryo squashes have patches of cells containing nuclei which are partially heteropycnotic. these patches of cells apparently increase in size with the age of the embryo. in approximately 1/2 of ... | 1980 | 7371455 |
| transient expression of a drosophila melanogaster hsp70 promoter/lacz construct injected into larvae of two species of predatory mites (acari: phytoseiidae). | the drosophila melanogaster heat shock 70 promoter (hsp70) was used to regulate expression of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) in transiently-transformed predatory mite larvae. a construct containing the hsp70 promoter upstream of the d. melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) translational start site and escherichia coli lacz gene fusion (adh/lacz) was injected into larvae of metaseiulus occidentalis and amblyseius finlandicus. lacz expression was compared to expression of a ... | 1994 | 7628249 |
| transmission of injected dna sequences to multiple eggs of metaseiulus occidentalis and amblyseius finlandicus (acari: phytoseiidae) following maternal microinjection. | the persistence of dna injected into two species of adult female phytoseiids and its transmission to serial eggs deposited by them was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the effect of dna concentration on persistence and transmission was examined in metaseiulus occidentalis. m. occidentalis females were microinjected with plasmid dna at three different concentrations (250, 500, 750 ng microl-1) and allowed to deposit one to five eggs before the females and their last eggs were anal ... | 1994 | 7628250 |
| complete sequence of a mariner transposable element from the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis isolated by an inverse pcr approach. | degenerate primers designed and synthesized based on two conserved regions of the mariner transposase open reading frame were used to amplify a 454 bp dna fragment from m. occidentalis. two inverse primers were then synthesized and used to amplify flanking genomic dna fragments from m. occidentalis by a ligation-mediated inverse pcr. the complete mariner element (moc1) was 1284 bp long, including the imperfect 28 bp inverted terminal repeat sequences, and shared 59% similarity to an active 1286 ... | 1995 | 7742974 |
| sequence variation of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (its) in commercially important phytoseiidae mites. | preliminary work is needed to assess the usefulness of different markers at different taxonomic scales when a new group is analyzed, such as the commercially important phytoseiidae mites. we investigate here the level of sequence variation of the nuclear ribosomal spacers its 1 and 2 and the 5.8s gene in six species of phytoseiidae: neoseiulus culifornicus, n. fallacis, euseius concordis, metaseiulus occidentalis, typhlodromus pyri and phytoseiulus persimilis. as expected, the 5.8s gene (148 bas ... | 1999 | 10668860 |
| transgenic arthropods for pest management programs: risks and realities. | the ability to genetically engineer arthropods using recombinant dna methods opens new opportunities for improving pest management programs but also creates new responsibilities, including evaluation of the potential risks of releasing transgenic arthropods into the environment. it is now becoming easier to transform diverse species of arthropods by a variety of recombinant dna methods. useful genes and genetic regulatory elements are being identified for pest arthropods, but less effort is bein ... | 2000 | 11156170 |
| cannibalism and intraguild predation among phytoseiid mites: are aggressiveness and prey preference related to diet specialization? | we tested whether specialist and generalist phytoseiid mites differ in aggressiveness and prey choice in cannibalism and intraguild predation. specialists tested were galendromus occidentalis, neoseiulus longispinosus, phytoseiulus persimilis, and p. macropilis; generalists tested were amblyseius andersoni, euseius finlandicus, e. hibisci, kampimodromus aberrans, neoseiulus barkeri, n. californicus, n. cucumeris, nm fallacis, and typhlodromus pyri. aggressiveness of cannibalistic females against ... | 2000 | 11227828 |
| species association among predaceous and phytophagous apple mites (acari: eriophyidae, phytoseiidae, stigmaeidae, tetranychidae). | predator-predator, predator-prey, and prey-prey associations among nine species of mites were studied in a plot of 100 'red delicious' apple (malus pumila miller) trees from 1990 to 1997. in 1990, seven-year-old trees were inoculated with panonychus ulmi (koch), tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) or both, and sprayed with azinphosmethyl (alone or plus endosulfan), or nothing. the species zetzellia mali (ewing) (acari: stigmaeidae), amblyseius andersoni chant (acari: phytoseiidae), e ... | 2001 | 11513362 |
| jerking in predaceous mites (acari: phytoseiidae) with emphasis on larvae. | jerking, a behavior involving a pronounced and often repeated lunging of the body, was studied in larvae among seven species of phytoseiid mites, euseius finlandicus, galendromus occidentalis, neoseiulus californicus, neoseulus fallacis, phytoseiulus macropilis, phytoseiulus persimilis and typhlodromus pyri, and in the nymphal stages of n. fallacis. this behavior was observed in larvae of six of the seven species and in all active immature stages of n. fallacis. jerking was usually triggered by ... | 2001 | 11697785 |
| morphological and molecular characterization of a new microsporidian species from the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari, phytoseiidae). | a new microsporidian species is described from the predatory mite metaseiulus (formerly typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari, phytoseiidae). the ultrastructure of this new species is presented together with the first molecular characterization for a microsporidium of mites. all stages of this new microsporidium are haplokaryotic and develop in direct contact with the host-cell cytoplasm. sporogony is disporoblastic and spores are formed in eggs, immature stages, and adults ... | 2002 | 12133705 |
| heat curing metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari, phytoseiidae) of a fitness-reducing microsporidium. | laboratory colonies of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis in gainesville, fl were found to be infected with an undescribed microsporidium. experiments were performed to quantify the effect of infection on the fitness of m. occidentalis and to determine if heat treatment can cure mites of the microsporidium. the colonies tested were derived from an isofemale line so that differences in performance could be attributed to the presence of microsporidia. a subcolony of an uninfected isofemal ... | 2002 | 12133706 |
| toxicity of imidacloprid to galendromus occidentalis, neoseiulus fallacis and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae) from hops in washington state, usa. | the toxicity of systemic and spray formulations of imidacloprid to galendromus occidentalis nesbitt, neoseiulus fallacis garman and amblyseius andersoni (chant) from hop yards in washington state was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. the field rate of imidacloprid for hop aphids (0.13 g a.i. l) was highly toxic (100% mortality) to g. occidentalis and n. fallacis but less so (35.6% mortality) to a. andersoni. half and quarter rates were also highly toxic to g. occidentalis and n. fallacis (79.5- ... | 2003 | 14974692 |
| evaluation of predatory mite (acari: phytoseiidae) releases to suppress spruce spider mites, oligonychus ununguis (acari: tetranychidae), on juniper. | a laboratory trial evaluated four phytoseiid species for their potential as biological control agents of spruce spider mite, oligonychus ununguis (jacobi) (acari: tetranychidae). an augmentative biological control approach, using the predatory mites neoseiulus fallacis garman and galendromus occidentalis nesbitt (acari: phytoseiidae), was evaluated for reducing pest mite densities and injury, and economic costs on juniperus chinensis 'sargentii' a. henry (cupressaceae) in an outdoor nursery. seq ... | 2003 | 14977103 |
| increased fecundity associated with infection by a cytophaga-like intracellular bacterium in the predatory mite, metaseiulus occidentalis. | the endosymbiont wolbachia has gained widespread notoriety over the past decade because of its high infection frequency among arthropods, and the unique heterogeneity of the host reproductive effects that it has been implicated as causing to enhance its own spread. recently, another endosymbiotic bacterium from the cytophaga-flavobacterium-bacteroides phylum has been shown to be widespread among arthropods and manipulate its hosts' reproduction to enhance its own spread. we show that infection b ... | 2004 | 15252981 |
| multiple displacement amplification in combination with high-fidelity pcr improves detection of bacteria from single females or eggs of metaseiulus occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari: phytoseiidae). | amplifying microbial dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from single phytoseiid mites has been difficult, perhaps due to the low titer of bacteria and to interference by the relatively larger amounts of mite genomic dna. in this paper we evaluate the efficiency of standard and high-fidelity pcr protocols subsequent to amplification of the whole genome by a multiple displacement amplification (mda) procedure developed by dean et al. dna from the phytoseiid phytoseiulus persimilis (athias-h ... | 2004 | 15261775 |
| developing an ecotoxicological testing standard for predatory mites in australia: acute and sublethal effects of fungicides on euseius victoriensis and galendromus occidentalis (acarina: phytoseiidae). | laboratory bioassays for testing the effect of agrochemicals on euseius victotiensis (womersley) and galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) on detached leaves of glycine max (l.) (soybean) and phaseolus vulgaris l. (french bean) were developed. the tests allowed standardized comparisons between mite species and leaf substrates, under "worst-case scenario" exposure, comparable with commercial pesticide application. young juveniles, along with their initial food and the entire water supply, were spray ... | 2004 | 15279268 |
| effects of fungicide residues on the survival, fecundity, and predation of the mites tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) and galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae). | representative fungicides from three or four families used for management of powdery mildew and other diseases in tree fruits were evaluated for their effects on a common spider mite and predator mite species, respectively. a modified munger cell technique was effective in measuring the response of phytophagous and predaceous mites to fungicide residues on detached leaves in the laboratory. demethylation-inhibiting (dmi) (imidazole [triflumazole] and triazole [myclobutanil]) and strobilurin (tri ... | 2004 | 15279277 |
| evaluation of prey-stage preference as an indicator of life-style type in phytoseiid mites. | discriminant analysis (da) models were developed and applied to examine the use of prey-stage preference (tetranychus urticae koch egg versus larval prey) in the classification of phytoseiid mites into life-style types. prey-stage preferences and developmental times when preying on t. urticae, and relative ovipositional rates on six food categories were determined for four phytoseiid species occurring on apple in central and eastern oregon, usa: galendromus flumenis (chant), galendromus occident ... | 2004 | 15560524 |
| phytoseiid mites on unsprayed apple trees in oregon, and other western states (usa): distributions, life-style types and relevance to commercial orchards. | in unsprayed apple trees in eastern oregon, galendromus flumenis (chant), galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt), typhlodromus caudiglans schuster and metaseiulus citri (garman and mcgregor) were common phytoseiid mites; common plant-feeding mites were the eriophyid, aculus schlechtendali nalepa, the brown mite, bryobia rubrioculus (scheuten) and eotetranychus spp.; apple rust mites seemed to be the primary prey for phytoseiids; the spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and panonychus ulmi (koch) w ... | 2004 | 15560525 |
| side effects of five new acaricides on the predator galendromus occidentalis (acari, phytoseiidae). | contact and residual effects of etoxazole, spiromesifen, fenpyroximate, bifenazate, and acequinocyl on life parameters of galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) were studied under laboratory conditions. fenpyroximate reduced adult female longevity to <24 h, and no eggs were laid. longevity of spiromesifen- and acequinocyl-treated adult females was reduced to 4 days, with observed reductions in fecundity and fertility. etoxazole and bifenazate did not reduce adult female longevity, but progeny were n ... | 2006 | 16612671 |
| the mitochondrial genome of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (arthropoda: chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae) is unexpectedly large and contains several novel features. | the complete mitochondrial genome of the phytoseiid metaseiulus occidentalis (arthropoda: chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae) has been sequenced. it is 24,961 bp in length and contains a 14,695-bp unique region, a 345-bp triplicated region, and a 9921-bp duplicated region, in that order. the a+t content of the unique region is 76.9% and contains 11 protein coding (coi-iii; atp6-8; cytb; nd1, 2, 4, 5 and 4l), two ribosomal rna (srrna and lrrna), 22 transfer rna (trna) genes, and two copies of d-loo ... | 2007 | 17321074 |
| impact of sulfur on density of tetranychus pacificus (acari: tetranychidae) and galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae) in a central california vineyard. | sulfur is the oldest and most widely used fungicide in the vineyards of california, where it is used for control of powdery mildew (uncinula necator [schw.] burr). for decades, sulfur use has been associated with outbreaks of tetranychus pacificus mcgregor (acari: tetranychidae) on cultivated grapes in the san joaquin valley. i undertook large-scale field studies to test this association, to evaluate the impact of sulfur on galendromus occidentalis (nesbit) (acari: phytoseiidae), a major predato ... | 2007 | 17611804 |
| symbionts, including pathogens, of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis: current and future analysis methods. | metaseiulus (= typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis (nesbitt) (acari: phytoseiidae) is an effective natural enemy of pest mites in a variety of crops around the world, although it is considered to be endemic in the western usa. a broad understanding of much of its biology, ecology, behavior, and genetics has been obtained over the past 60 years, but the role(s) symbionts play, which includes pathogens and other microorganisms, remains to be resolved fully. until molecular tools became avail ... | 2008 | 18696231 |
| natural enemies of mass-reared predatory mites (family phytoseiidae) used for biological pest control. | predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae are valued natural enemies that provide effective pest control in greenhouses and on agricultural crops. mass-reared phytoseiids are occasionally associated with microorganisms and although their effects are not always apparent, some are pathogenic and reduce host fitness. invertebrate pathogens are encountered more frequently in mass production systems than in nature because rearing environments often cause overcrowding and other stresses that favour p ... | 2008 | 18726699 |
| verified and potential pathogens of predatory mites (acari: phytoseiidae). | several species of phytoseiid mites (acari: phytoseiidae), including species of the genera amblyseius, galendromus, metaseiulus, neoseiulus, phytoseiulus and typhlodromus, are currently reared for biological control of various crop pests and/or as model organisms for the study of predator-prey interactions. pathogen-free phytoseiid mites are important to obtain high efficacy in biological pest control and to get reliable data in mite research, as pathogens may affect the performance of their hos ... | 2008 | 18763041 |
| toxicity of six novel fungicides and sulphur to galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae). | a laboratory evaluation of fenbuconazole, myclobutanil propiconazole, boscalid, fenhexamid and pyraclostrobin revealed these fungicides to be harmless to adult galendromus occidentalis. none of these fungicides affected adversely fecundity and egg viability. elemental sulphur also had no effect on adults and fecundity. however, 72.4% of the young larvae perished after hatching. the six novel fungicides are safer alternatives to sulphur in perennial crops in british columbia. | 2009 | 18792796 |
| the nuclear genome of the phytoseiid metaseiulus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae) is among the smallest known in arthropods. | the genome size of the phytoseiid metaseiulus (=typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis (nesbitt) needs to be estimated before the whole nuclear genome can be sequenced. two different procedures were used to estimate the genome size of m. occidentalis; (1) flow cytometry (marescalchi et al. in genome 33:789-793, 1990) and (2) quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) (wilhelm et al. in nucleic acids res 31:e56, 2003). fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide-stained nuclei of m. occidentalis was ... | 2009 | 19137405 |
| effect of seven new orchard pesticides on galendromus occidentalis in laboratory studies. | biological control of phytophagous mites in orchards requires that pesticides used to manage other arthropod pests or diseases are harmless to predacious mites, as these are essential to keep phytophagous mites at non-injurious population levels. this study evaluates the possible toxic attributes of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, spirodiclofen, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide currently used in western canadian orchards. | 2009 | 19206104 |
| the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis: mitey small and mitey large genomes. | metaseiulus occidentalis is a representative of an important family of mites (arthropoda: chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae) that are effective predators of pest mites in agricultural crops around the world. like many arthropods, this mite contains multiple genomes, including the genomes of several microbial symbionts as well as its own mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. the mitochondrial genome is "mitey" large at 25 kb, due to duplication and triplication of genes. by contrast, the nuclear geno ... | 2009 | 19334003 |
| bacterial symbionts of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae). | the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stål), the most destructive pest of rice, has been identified, including biotypes with high virulence towards previously resistant rice varieties. there have also been many reports of a yeast-like symbiont of n. lugens, but little is known about the bacterial microbes. in this study, we examined the bacterial microbes in n. lugens and identified a total of 18 operational taxonomic units (otus) representing four phyla (proteobacteria, firmicutes, actinoba ... | 2010 | 20097822 |
| mitochondrial genome analysis of the predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis and a revisit of the metaseiulus occidentalis mitochondrial genome. | in this study we sequenced and analysed the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of the chilean predatory mite phytoseiulus persimilis athias-henriot (chelicerata: acari: mesostigmata: phytoseiidae: amblyseiinae). the 16 199 bp genome (79.8% at) contains the standard set of 13 protein-coding and 24 rna genes. compared with the ancestral arthropod mtdna pattern, the gene order is extremely reshuffled (35 genes changed position) and represents a novel arrangement within the arthropods. this is proba ... | 2010 | 20616860 |
| a laboratory assessment of the toxic attributes of six 'reduced risk insecticides' on galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae). | the modified excised leaf disc method was used to measure the effects of six insecticides on eggs, larvae, adults, and female fecundity of galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) in a 'worst case laboratory exposure'. this study identified insecticides that would be recommended for tier ii field evaluations for an integrated pest management program. commercially formulated insecticides were applied with a thin-layer chromatography sprayer adjusted to 10.34 kpa (1.5 psi), at the recommended label conc ... | 2011 | 21458842 |
| Extended starvation reduced and eliminated Wolbachia, but not Cardinium, from Metaseiulus occidentalis females (Acari: Phytoseiidae): A need to reassess Wolbachia's status in this predatory mite? | The presence of Wolbachia and Cardinium bacteria has been documented in many arthropod species, including the predatory mite Metaseiulus (=Typhlodromus or Galendomus) occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). We show that Tetranychus urticae, the prey of Metaseiulus occidentalis, contains Wolbachia and no detectable Cardinium using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Starvation for 72h at 22°C eliminated most, if not all, Wolbachia in M. occidentalis adult females from 7 laboratory colonies. Refeeding ... | 2012 | 21946455 |
| clathrin heavy chain is important for viability, oviposition, embryogenesis and, possibly, systemic rnai response in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. | clathrin heavy chain has been shown to be important for viability, embryogenesis, and rna interference (rnai) in arthropods such as drosophila melanogaster. however, the functional roles of clathrin heavy chain in chelicerate arthropods, such as the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis, remain unknown. we previously showed that dsrna ingestion, followed by feeding on spider mites, induced systemic and robust rnai in m. occidentalis females. in the current study, we performed a loss-of-functio ... | 2014 | 25329675 |
| the glutathione-s-transferase, cytochrome p450 and carboxyl/cholinesterase gene superfamilies in predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. | pesticide-resistant populations of the predatory mite metaseiulus (= typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis (arthropoda: chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae) have been used in the biological control of pest mites such as phytophagous tetranychus urticae. however, the pesticide resistance mechanisms in m. occidentalis remain largely unknown. in other arthropods, members of the glutathione-s-transferase (gst), cytochrome p450 (cyp) and carboxyl/cholinesterase (cce) gene superfamilies are involved ... | 2016 | 27467523 |
| house dust mites possess a polymorphic, single domain putative peptidoglycan d,l endopeptidase belonging to the nlpc/p60 superfamily. | a 14 kda protein homologous to the γ-d-glutamyl-l-diamino acid endopeptidase members of the nlpc/p60 superfamily has been described in dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farinae but it is not clear whether other species produce homologues. bioinformatics revealed homologous genes in other sarcopteformes mite species (psoroptes ovis and blomia tropicalis) but not in tetranychus urticae and metaseiulus occidentalis. the degrees of identity (similarity) between the d. pteronyssinus ... | 2015 | 26566476 |
| genome sequencing of the phytoseiid predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis reveals completely atomized hox genes and superdynamic intron evolution. | metaseiulus occidentalis is an eyeless phytoseiid predatory mite employed for the biological control of agricultural pests including spider mites. despite appearances, these predator and prey mites are separated by some 400 myr of evolution and radically different lifestyles. we present a 152-mb draft assembly of the m. occidentalis genome: larger than that of its favored prey, tetranychus urticae, but considerably smaller than those of many other chelicerates, enabling an extremely contiguous a ... | 2016 | 26951779 |
| cloning and functional characterization of two btb genes in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. | proteins containing the btb (bric-à-brac, tramtrack, and broad complex) domain typically share low sequence similarities and are involved in a wide range of cellular functions. we previously identified two putative and closely related btb genes, btb1 and btb2, in the genome of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis. in the current study, full-length btb1 and btb2 cdnas were cloned and sequenced. btb1 and btb2 encode proteins of 380 and 401 amino acids, respectively. btb1 and btb2 proteins e ... | 2015 | 26640898 |
| shared gene structures and clusters of mutually exclusive spliced exons within the metazoan muscle myosin heavy chain genes. | multicellular animals possess two to three different types of muscle tissues. striated muscles have considerable ultrastructural similarity and contain a core set of proteins including the muscle myosin heavy chain (mhc) protein. the atpase activity of this myosin motor protein largely dictates muscle performance at the molecular level. two different solutions to adjusting myosin properties to different muscle subtypes have been identified so far: vertebrates and nematodes contain many independe ... | 2014 | 24498429 |
| draft genome of the honey bee ectoparasitic mite, tropilaelaps mercedesae, is shaped by the parasitic life history. | the number of managed honey bee colonies has considerably decreased in many developed countries in recent years and ectoparasitic mites are considered as major threats to honey bee colonies and health. however, their general biology remains poorly understood. | 2017 | 28327890 |
| genomic organization and reproductive regulation of a large lipid transfer protein in the varroa mite, varroa destructor (anderson & trueman). | the complete genomic region and corresponding transcript of the most abundant protein in phoretic varroa mites, varroa destructor (anderson & trueman), were sequenced and have homology with acarine hemelipoglycoproteins and the large lipid transfer protein (lltp) super family. the genomic sequence of vdlltp included 14 introns and the mature transcript coded for a predicted polypeptide of 1575 amino acid residues. vdlltp shared a minimum of 25% sequence identity with acarine lltps. phylogenetic ... | 2013 | 23834736 |
| expression analysis of drosophila doublesex, transformer-2, intersex, fruitless-like, and vitellogenin homologs in the parahaploid predator metaseiulus occidentalis (chelicerata: acari: phytoseiidae). | characterization and expression analyses are essential to gain insight into sex-determination pathways in members of the acari. little is known about sex determination at the molecular level in the western orchard predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (arthropoda: chelicerata: arachnida: acari: phytoseiidae), a parahaploid species. in this study, eight genes previously identified as putative homologs to genes involved in the sex-determination pathway in drosophila melanogaster were evaluated f ... | 2015 | 25344448 |
| transcriptome sequencing and annotation of the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae): a cautionary tale about possible contamination by prey sequences. | next-generation sequencing was applied to the transcriptome of the phytoseiid metaseiulus occidentalis to characterize gene expression in all life stages reared under different conditions to optimize the recovery of as many genes as possible. one production and one titration run produced a total of 862,069 reads (average size: 314.87 bp), which generated 255.6 mbp of sequences on the gs-flx titanium sequencing platform. after removal of putative prey sequences 850,543 reads were used in newbler ... | 2013 | 22923144 |
| phenology and structure of a phytoseiid community in an insecticide-free apple orchard. | commercial orchards have acarine communities that are reduced in biological diversity compared to their undisturbed counterparts. examining the phenology of an unsprayed orchard allows for the examination of non-pesticide factors that drive changes in populations. this study examined the mite community in a largely unsprayed research orchard in 2013–2014. the phytoseiids galendromus flumenis (chant), amblydromella caudiglans (schuster), kampimodromus corylosus kolodochka, and galendromus occiden ... | 2016 | 26477037 |
| effects of orchard pesticides on galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae): repellency and irritancy. | the effects of repellency or irritancy in galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) were studied for three rates of 16 pesticides commonly used in apple production. adult female mites were exposed to residues in a series of choice bioassays (treated and untreated half of bean leaf disks). novaluron, carbaryl, mancozeb+copper hydroxide, and sulfur were the most repellent materials to g. occidentalis, with females consistently avoiding the treated side of the leaf disk. spirotetramat, flubendiamide, and ... | 2015 | 26470128 |
| comparative biology and pesticide susceptibility of amblydromella caudiglans and galendromus occidentalis as spider mite predators in apple orchards. | the successful integrated mite management program for washington apples was based on conservation of the mite predator galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt). in the 1960s, this mite was assumed to be the only phytoseiid in washington commercial apple orchards, due to its preference for the most common mite pest of that period, tetranychus mcdanieli mcgregor, as well as its resistance to organophosphate pesticides. a recent survey of phytoseiids in washington apple found that another phytoseiid, amb ... | 2015 | 26058386 |
| phytoseiids in washington commercial apple orchards: biodiversity and factors affecting abundance. | galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) is an important biological control agent of spider mites (acari: tetranychidae) in washington apple orchards. it was thought to be essentially the sole phytoseiid existing in this system, due in part to its resistance to commonly used orchard pesticides, and organophosphates in particular. to test this assumption, we conducted a survey of 102 commercial apple blocks in washington to characterize the community of phytoseiid species. seven phytoseiid species were ... | 2015 | 26002311 |
| oral delivery of double-stranded rna induces prolonged and systemic gene knockdown in metaseiulus occidentalis only after feeding on tetranychus urticae. | metaseiulus (=typhlodromus or galendromus) occidentalis is an important biological control agent. functional genomic studies on this predator have been hampered by the lack of reverse genetic tools such as rna interference (rnai). in the current study, we evaluated possible rnai responses in m. occidentalis females by feeding double-stranded rna (dsrna) of rpl11, rps2, rpl8, or pros26.4 genes in 20 % sucrose solution. females needed to subsequently feed on two-spotted spider mites (tetranychus u ... | 2014 | 24509787 |
| releases of insectary-reared galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae) in commercial apple orchards. | galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) is one of several phytoseiid species that are available for purchase to supplement endemic predator populations that are not providing sufficient control of spider mites. we performed a series of releases of commercially reared g. occidentalis in commercial apple (malus domestica borkhausen) orchards in washington from 2010 to 2012. releases of up to 50,000 mites per acre did not lead to an increase in populations of predatory mites or to a decrease in populati ... | 2013 | 24224240 |
| total effects of contact and residual exposure of bifenthrin and λ-cyhalothrin on the predatory mite galendromus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae). | pyrethroid insecticides are generally regarded as acutely toxic to predatory phytoseiid mites; however, persistence of hull split spray pyrethroid residues on almond trees and their effects on phytoseiids have not been quantified over time. hull split, the separation of the almond hull along the suture, exposes the new crop nuts to infestation by amyelois transitella (walker) larvae, and is the preferred timing for insecticides applied for their control. galendromus occidentalis (nesbitt) is the ... | 2013 | 23446744 |
| whole transcriptome analysis of the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer, 1778). | summary although the poultry red mite dermanyssus gallinae (de geer, 1778) is the major parasitic pest in poultry farming causing substantial economic losses every year, nucleotide data are rare in the public databases. therefore, de novo sequencing covering the transcriptome of d. gallinae was carried out resulting in a dataset of 232 097 singletons and 42 130 contiguous sequences (contigs) which were subsequently clustered into 24 140 isogroups consisting of 35 788 isotigs. after removal of se ... | 2014 | 24135293 |
| behavioral responses to prey density by three acarine predator species with different degrees of polyphagy. | behavioral responses by three acarine predators, phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae), to different egg and webbing densities of the spider mite tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) on rose leaflets were studied in the laboratory. prey patches were delineated by t. urticae webbing and associated kairomones, which elicit turning back responses in predators near the patch edge. only the presence of webbing affected predator behavi ... | 1993 | 28313409 |
| spatial scale of aggregation in three acarine predator species with different degrees of polyphagy. | aggregative responses by the predatory mites, phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni (acari: phytoseiidae), to spatial variation in the density of mobile stages of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) were studied over different spatial scales on greenhouse roses. significant spatial variations in prey numbers per leaflet, per leaf, per branch or per plant were present in all experimental plots. none of the predator species responded to prey numbers pe ... | 1993 | 28313749 |
| foraging time and spatial patterns of predation in experimental populations : a comparative study of three mite predator-prey systems (acari: phytoseiidae, tetranychidae). | responses of the predaceous mites phytoseiulus persimilis, typhlodromus (=metaseiulus) occidentalis, and amblyseius andersoni to spatial variation in egg density of the phytophagous mite, tetranychus urticae, were studied in the laboratory.the oligophagous predator p. persimilis showed initially a direct density dependent foraging time allocation and variation in foraging time increased with prey density. with changes in prey density due to predation, predator foraging rates (per hour) decreased ... | 1992 | 28313713 |
| cloning and differential expression of five heat shock protein genes associated with thermal stress and development in the polyphagous predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris (acari: phytoseiidae). | in order to explore the role of heat shock proteins (hsps) during thermal stress and development in the predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans), we cloned and characterized five full-length hsp genes. we investigated the expression levels of these genes by quantitative real-time pcr. the five genes characterized here were nchsp90, nchsp75, nchsp70, nchsp60, and nchsp40. these hsps showed high sequence conservation and had greatest identity with heat shock proteins of metaseiulus occidenta ... | 2015 | 26058387 |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of transformer-2 in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis via oral delivery of double-stranded rna. | little is known about the process of sex determination at the molecular level in metaseiulus occidentalis, a parahaploid species and natural enemy of phytophagous pest mites. detailed knowledge of the sex-determination pathway could allow genetic manipulation of m. occidentalis to produce more female offspring, which could improve its effectiveness as a biological control agent. rna interference is useful for assessing the function of putative sex-determination genes by reducing or eliminating g ... | 2015 | 25273065 |
| molecular characterization and evolutionary insights into potential sex-determination genes in the western orchard predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (chelicerata: arachnida: acari: phytoseiidae). | little is known about the process of sex determination at the molecular level in species belonging to the subclass acari, a taxon of arachnids that contains mites and ticks. the recent sequencing of the transcriptome and genome of the western orchard predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis allows investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying the biological processes of sex determination in this predator of phytophagous pest mites. we identified four doublesex-and-mab-3-related transcription f ... | 2015 | 25077523 |
| evaluation of the predacious mite hemicheyletia wellsina (acari: cheyletidae) as a predator of arthropod pests of orchids. | the cheyletid predator hemicheyletia wellsina was found in association with orchid pests in a florida greenhouse. the life history of h. wellsina was determined using the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae, as prey in the laboratory. hemicheyletia wellsina is arrhenotokous, with mated females producing a female-biased sex ratio of 3.4:1. adult longevity averaged 30.2 days, with females producing an average of 18.5 eggs. adult females live up to 17 days without food, surviving an averag ... | 2014 | 25033767 |
| cardinium is associated with reproductive incompatibility in the predatory mite metaseiulus occidentalis (acari: phytoseiidae). | cardinium, a bacterium from the bacteroidetes group, is associated with reproductive manipulations such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis, and feminization in some arthropod species. we, and others, have shown that cardinium, but not wolbachia, is an endosymbiont in some populations of metaseiulus occidentalis, a phytoseiid mite that is an important predator of spider mite pests of agricultural crops. however, the precise biological effects that cardinium may have on m. occidentali ... | 2012 | 22504433 |
| plants, mites and mutualism: leaf domatia and the abundance and reproduction of mites on viburnum tinus (caprifoliaceae). | associations between mites and leaf domatia have been widely reported, but little is known about their consequences for either plants or mites. by excising domatia from leaves of the laureltinus, viburnum tinus l. (caprifoliaceae), in the garden and laboratory, we showed that domatia alter the abundance, distribution, and reproduction of potential plant mutualists. over 4 months, leaves with domatia on six garden shrubs had 2-36 times more predatory and microbivorous mites, and more mite eggs th ... | 1994 | 28313624 |
| how to analyse prey preference when prey density varies? a new method to discriminate between effects of gut fullness and prey type composition. | state-dependent changes in prey preference are among the phenomena to be expected in studies of predator behaviour. for example, the rate of attack on each prey type is well known to be affected by the state of satiation, the dynamics of which is often assumed to parallel that of gut fullness. an interesting question is whether satiation alone is the determinant of the attack rate or whether the particular mixture of prey types in the predator's direct environment has an additional influence by ... | 1990 | 28312701 |