| [suburban biotopes of rhipicephalus turanicus (pomerancev, matikasvili, lototzki, 1940). (acarina, ixodoidea). preliminary study (author's transl)]. | investigations carried out on the waste grounds of a certain number of large mediterranean towns in provence and languedoc (france) show the prevalence of rhipicephalus turanicus in such an environment. the authors analyse the conditions favourable to the installation of the species, and make a comparison between the suburban biotopes with rhipicephalus turanicus and the homologous biotopes with dermacentor reticulatus. | 1977 | 921194 |
| [tarsal gland of ixodid ticks (ixodidae)]. | in the tarsi of all legs of ixodes persulcatus, dermacentor daghestanicus, rhipicephalus turanicus and hyalomma asiaticum the multicellular gland was observed. the gland is formed by a single layer of glandular cells that form a central cavity where two ciliary structures in a cuticular (scolopoid) sheath are situated. a possible function of the gland is discussed in the article. | 1976 | 1026913 |
| comparison of serologic typing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein analysis, and genetic restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for identification of rickettsiae: characterization of two new rickettsial strains. | in 1990, 17 adult rhipicephalus turanicus ticks were collected in the south of france. two spotted fever group rickettsiae, mtu1 and mtu5, were isolated from the hemolymphs of two of these ticks by the centrifugation shell-vial technique by using hel cells. these isolates were compared with reference spotted fever group rickettsial serotypes by using three identification methods: microimmunofluorescence serologic typing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and p ... | 1992 | 1354221 |
| exotic ectoparasites of ostriches recently imported into the united states. | eleven species of ectoparasitic arthropods were collected and identified from ostriches (struthio camelus) recently imported into the united states from africa and europe. four of these species are reported from ostriches for the first time. the parasites included adult hippoboscid flies (struthiobosca struthionis) and 10 species of adult ixodid ticks (amblyomma gemma, a. lepidum, a. variegatum, haemaphysalis punctata, hyalomma albiparmatum, h. luscitanicum, h. marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, ... | 1991 | 2023323 |
| the possible use of integumentary sense organs as specific diagnostic mean for larvae and nymphs of rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus turanicus. | | 1985 | 4093655 |
| ecological notes on rhipicephalus turanicus pomerantzev in west bengal, india (acarina: ixodidae). | | 1968 | 5642180 |
| [evolution of populations of ticks (ixodidae and argasidae) in relation to artificialization of the environment in the french alps. epidemiologic effects]. | the results presented in this study are based on observations made during some 10 years in the french alps and their surroundings. forest clusters, as they still cover comparatively large areas, are considered the most favorable foci for several ixodid species. recent studies, however, have shown that environment modified by man also harbours large populations of ticks. the spreading of certain species around and even into cities is actually taking place. the following categories of tick species ... | 1982 | 6131593 |
| ultrastructural study on the development of babesia equi (coccidia: piroplasmia) in the salivary glands of its vector ticks. | the formation of babesia equi sporozoites in the salivary glands of three tick species (hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, h. a. excavatum, rhipicephalus turanicus) was studied by electron microscopy. the development was identical in all three vectors. on the 8th day post repletionem kinetes of b. equi had invaded alveoli of the nymphal salivary glands and were transformed to sporonts bounded by a single membrane. the sporonts were polymorphous bodies each with a highly lobed nucleus and numerous m ... | 1983 | 6631774 |
| seasonal prevalence of rhipicephalus turanicus on sheep in morocco. | | 1982 | 6891510 |
| [distribution and epidemiological value of rhipicephalus turanicus. ecology of the species in the south-mediterranean part of france (author's transl)]. | following a study of potential vectors of the boutonneuse fever in the lower rhône valley, the authors summarize knowledge concerning rh. turanicus (biogeography, hosts, seasonal dynamics). using their own work, they emphasize its distribution and ecology in the french mediterranean region: as an exophile species, frequently encountered because of the rich variety of its hosts (domestic and wild) and its adaptability to numerous human biotopes, it probably has a very significant epidemiological ... | 1981 | 7332198 |
| observations on cattle ticks in huila province (angola). | in huila province of angola, 3864 ticks were collected during a parasitological survey carried out in the rainy season from october 1990 to april 1991. the samples were collected from cattle gathered for the annual vaccination campaign against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, anthrax and blackleg in 18 veterinary stations of six municipalities. after tick classification, the following proportions of ticks were obtained: rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus (27.1%), amblyomma pomposum (26.4%), booph ... | 1994 | 8171837 |
| impact of natural infestation of amblyomma variegatum on the liveweight gain of male gudali cattle in adamawa (cameroon). | the effect of natural tick infestation on the liveweight gain (lwg) of male gudali zebu cattle was studied throughout a year by comparing the performances of two herds, one of which was submitted to weekly acaricidal treatment and the other was left untreated against ticks. six species of ticks were identified on the untreated animals: amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus lunulatus, rhipicephalus turanicus, hyalomma nitidum and hyalomma marginatum rufipes. most of the losse ... | 1993 | 8249253 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from catalan rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. | eighty-nine rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and 21 rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected in catalonia were tested by the hemolymph test to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. by giménez staining, 11.2% of the r. sanguineus isolates and 0% of the r. bursa isolates were found to contain rickettsia-like organisms. six spotted fever group rickettsial strains (bar29, bar31, gir4, tar1, tar2, and tar3) were isolated from these ticks and were characterized by phenotypic an ... | 1996 | 8897166 |
| prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from southern israel. | the prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsiae was studied in questing ticks collected from southern israel. ticks were examined from an agricultural settlement (kibbutz ze'elim), an endemic site for mediterranean spotted fever, and from another kibbutz (re'im) in an adjacent area where the disease has not been reported. ticks were collected by flagging and co2 traps from vegetation inside and outside the settlements during 1989/1990 and 1994. in ze'elim, 98% of the ticks collected were brown ... | 1996 | 8961650 |
| taxonomic relationships among spotted fever group rickettsiae as revealed by antigenic analysis with monoclonal antibodies. | the spotted fever group (sfg) is made up of more than 20 different rickettsial species and strains. study of the taxonomic relationships among the group has been attempted by phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic analyses. in this study, we determined taxonomic relationships among the sfg rickettsiae by comparative analysis of immunogenic epitopes reactive against a panel of monoclonal antibodies. a total of 98 monoclonal antibodies, which were directed against epitopes on the major immunodomi ... | 1998 | 9542904 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials. | the mics of 13 antibiotics (doxycycline, thiamphenicol, rifampin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, and pristinamycin) were determined for 27 available rickettsial species or strains. we used two in vitro cell culture methods described previously: the plaque assay and the microplaque colorimetric assay. our results confirm the susceptibilities of rickettsiae to doxycycline, thiamphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. ... | 1998 | 9660979 |
| distinguishing species and populations of rhipicephaline ticks with its 2 ribosomal rna. | most populations and some species of ticks of the genera boophilus (5 spp.) and rhipicephalus (ca. 75 spp.) cannot be distinguished phenotypically. moreover, there is doubt about the validity of species in these genera. i studied the entire second internal transcribed spacer (its 2) rrna of 16 populations of rhipicephaline ticks to address these problems: boophilus microplus from australia, kenya, south africa and brazil (4 populations); boophilus decoloratus from kenya; rhipicephalus appendicul ... | 1998 | 9794625 |
| arthropod parasites of nubian ibexes (capra ibex nubiana) and gazelles (gazella gazella) in israel. | in a 20-year survey the following ectoparasites were collected from nubian ibexes: larvae of an unidentified oestrus sp. collected from the nasal cavities, sinuses and horns, hippoboscid flies (lipoptena chalcomelaena) specific to the nubian ibex, blood sucking lice (linognathus africanus) and unidentified biting lice (damalinia sp.). ibexes were severely infested with the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus; a few hyalomma anatolicum excavatum ticks were also collected. in five ibexes kept in two ... | 1999 | 10392972 |
| characterization of mutations in the rpob gene in naturally rifampin-resistant rickettsia species. | rickettsiae are gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria responsible for arthropod-borne spotted fevers and typhus. experimental studies have delineated a cluster of naturally rifampin-resistant spotted fever group species. we sequenced the 4, 122- to 4,125-bp rna polymerase beta-subunit-encoding gene (rpob) from typhus and spotted fever group representatives and obtained partial sequences for all naturally rifampin-resistant species. a single point mutation resulting in a phenylalanine- ... | 1999 | 10508014 |
| [the sympatry of closely related species of ixodid ticks and its possible role in the parasitic systems of natural foci of transmissible diseases]. | sympatry of the following pairs (or groups) of closely related species in the territory of the former soviet union amd some neighbouring countries has been revealed as a result of a revision of the fam. ixodidae: i. persulcatus-i. ricinus, i. persulcatus-i. pavlovskyi, i. crenulatus-i. kaiseri, dermacentor marginatus-d. silvarum-d. ushakovae, d. ushakovae-d. niveus, d. pavlovskyi-d. montanus, rhipicephalus turanicus-r. sanguineus, r. turanicus-r. rossicus, r. turanicus-r. pumilio, r. rossicus-r. ... | 1999 | 10771771 |
| distribution and ecology of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting livestock in tunisia: an overview of eighth years field collections. | ticks (ixodidae) play a significant role as vectors of pathogens of domestic animals in tunisia. the major losses caused by ticks are related to transmission of protozoan parasites. these include agents of tropical theileriosis and babesiosis in ruminants. since 1991, we conducted research studies on tick population of livestock in tunisia. this overview reports a synthesis on tick distribution, their biology and their role as vectors of pathogens in domestic animals, particularly cattle. during ... | 1999 | 11071534 |
| general review of tick species present in portugal. | at present, 24 species are known to occur in portugal: argas vespertilionis, ornithodoros maritimus and ornithodoros erraticus in argasidae; ixodes acuminatus, ixodes bivari, ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes simplex simplex, ixodes ventalloi, ixodes vespertilionis, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor pictus', haemaphysalis hispanica, haemaphysalis inermis, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhi ... | 1999 | 11071535 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxviii. ixodid ticks collected from 23 wild carnivore species. | ixodid ticks were collected from 104 wild carnivores belonging to 23 species in various nature reserves and on several farms in all nine provinces of south africa. seven feral cats in a nature reserve were also examined. twenty-four tick species belonging to seven genera were recovered and identified. amongst these ticks we consider the adults of haemaphysalis leachi, haemaphysalis spinulosa, haemaphysalis zumpti, ixodes rubicundus, rhipicentor nuttalli, rhipicephalus simus and rhipicephalus tur ... | 2000 | 11206391 |
| analysis of the systematic relationships among ticks of the genera rhipicephalus and boophilus (acari: ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 12s ribosomal dna gene sequences and morphological characters. | a portion of mitochondrial 12s rdna sequences (337-355 base pairs) and 63 morphological characters of 36 hard-tick species belonging to 7 genera were analyzed to determine the phylogenetic relationships among groups and species of rhipicephalus and between the genera rhipicephalus and boophilus. molecular and morphological data sets were first examined separately. the molecular data were analyzed by maximum parsimony (mp), maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining distance methods; the morphologi ... | 2001 | 11227901 |
| prevalence of vectors of the spotted fever group rickettsiae and murine typhus in a bedouin town in israel. | a survey of the vectors of spotted fever group rickettsiae and of murine typhus was carried out in rahat, a bedouin town in the negev desert, where the diseases are endemic. houses with known cases of spotted fever group rickettsiae or murine typhus were compared with those without reported clinical cases. a neighboring jewish community, lehavim, where no cases of spotted fever group rickettsiae and murine typhus were reported in recent years, was used as a control. in the houses of patients wit ... | 2001 | 11372975 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xl. ticks on dogs belonging to people in rural communities and carnivore ticks on the vegetation. | ixodid ticks were collected at weekly intervals from february 1999 to april 2000 from domestic dogs belonging to people in rural communities in north-eastern kwazulu-natal. seven ticks were identified to species level and adult haemaphysalis leachi followed by immature amblyomma hebraeum and adult rhipicephalus simus were the most prevalent. infestation with adult h. leachi was most intense during february and march 1999 and from january to april 2000, and least intense during october 1999. infe ... | 2001 | 11585091 |
| rodents and their ectoparasites in wadi hanifah, riyadh city, saudi arabia. | a survey was conducted on commercial and wild rodents from different locations in wadi hanifah in riyadh. six species of rodents were collected with wire net traps baited with fresh cucumber or fatty cheese. the trapped rodents in descending order of numbers were rattus rattus rattus, acomys dimidiatus, meriones libycus, r. r. frugivorus, r. r. alexandrinus and mus musculus. the ectoparasites were a flea, xenopsyllus sp. on r. r. frugivorus and a tick, rhipicephalus turanicus on each of a. dimid ... | 2001 | 11775100 |
| epidemiology of bovine tick-borne diseases in southern italy. | this investigation was carried out in an area covering part of three southern italian regions: campania, basilicata and apulia. eighty-one farms were involved using the formula suggested by thrusfield; they were equally distributed over the area which was subdivided into 81 geo-referenced sub-areas. in may and june 1999 from a total of 506 cattle, older than 18 months, blood-samples were taken and ticks were collected and identified. serum samples were tested for antibodies of bahesia bigemina, ... | 2002 | 12199369 |
| detection of rickettsia prowazekii in body lice and their feces by using monoclonal antibodies. | in order to identify rickettsia prowazekii in lice, we developed a panel of 29 representative monoclonal antibodies selected from 187 positive hybridomas made by fusing splenocytes of immunized mice with sp2/0-ag14 myeloma cells. immunoblotting revealed that 15 monoclonal antibodies reacted with the lipopolysaccharide-like (lps-l) antigen and 14 reacted with the epitopes of a 120-kda protein. only typhus group rickettsiae reacted with the monoclonal antibodies against lps-l. r. felis, a recently ... | 2002 | 12202579 |
| antigenic classification of rickettsia felis by using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. | rickettsia felis is a flea-transmitted rickettsia. there is a discrepancy between its reported phylogenic and phenotypic identifications. following the first report of r. felis, it was considered by tests with serologic reagents to be closely related to another recognized flea-transmitted rickettia, r. typhi. subsequently, it appeared to be more closely related to spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae by genetic analysis. in the present work, r. felis was studied by microimmunofluorescence (mif) ... | 2003 | 12626446 |
| rhipicephalus ticks infected with rickettsia and coxiella in southern switzerland (canton ticino). | ticks of the rhipicephalus sanguineus species complex may be vector of various pathogens including rickettsia conorii (the etiological agent of the mediterranean spotted fever) and coxiella burnetii (cause of the query (q) fever). r. sanguineus ticks have been imported in several parts of central and northern europe, especially in environments such as kennels and houses providing the appropriate microclimatic conditions and the blood source necessary for their survival. since 1940 these ticks ha ... | 2002 | 12797987 |
| first isolation and identification of rickettsia conorii from ticks collected in the region of fokida in central greece. | three different spotted-fever group rickettsiae-rickettsia conorii, r. massiliae, and r. rhipicephali-were detected and identified by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in rhipicephalus ticks collected from domestic animals in the fokida region of greece, where a high seroprevalence of antibodies to r. conorii was previously demonstrated. the infection rate of ticks was 1.6%. moreover, r. conorii was isolated from one rhipicephalus sanguineus tick. | 2003 | 12843081 |
| monthly dynamics of ticks (acari:ixodida) infesting n'dama cattle in the republic of guinea. | the occurrence of ixodid ticks on n'dama cattle was studied in the republic of guinea between june 1994 and may 1995. monthly tick collections were performed on 80 animals from 14 villages located in dabola, kouroussa and dinguiraye prefectures. a total of 19,804 ticks was collected and classified using standard taxonomic keys. the following tick species were identified: amblyomma variegatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, hyalomma trunctum, hyalomma nitidum, rhipicephalus lunulatus, rhipicephalus ... | 2004 | 15139086 |
| species composition, distribution, and ecological preferences of the ticks of grazing sheep in north-central spain. | the distribution and ecological preferences of tick (acari: ixodidae) parasites of grazing sheep in the region of aragón (north-central spain) were surveyed on flocks four times a year and mapped into a 5 x 5 km grid. nine tick species were found. these were species of the rhipicephalus sanguineus group (about 95% of them rhipicephalus turanicus pomerantsev, in 91% of cells of the grid), rhipicephalus bursa canestrini & fanzago (79% of cells), dermacentor marginatus (sulzer) (58% of cells), haem ... | 2004 | 15189237 |
| rickettsiae in ixodid ticks, sicily. | | 2005 | 15789496 |
| biological and dna evidence of two dissimilar populations of the rhipicephalus sanguineus tick group (acari: ixodidae) in south america. | in this work, the biology, mitochondrial dna and fertility of hybrids from two strains of rhipicephalus sanguineus, from brazil and argentina, were compared. engorged larvae, nymphs and adults from argentina weighed more and the engorgement period of adult females was significantly longer than those of their brazilian counterparts, whereas adult female tick yield rate was higher for the brazilian strain. high intraspecific divergence of mitochondrial dna was detected between r. sanguineus from b ... | 2005 | 15893080 |
| transmission of rickettsia massiliae in the tick, rhipicephalus turanicus. | rickettsia massiliae, strain bar29, was detected in engorged female ticks of the rhiphicephalus sanguineus group collected in corsica, a french mediterranean island. ticks were identified by molecular analysis as rhipicephalus turanicus (pomerantsev) (acari: ixodidae). twenty larvae of the second generation obtained from a r. massiliae-infected, engorged female were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and all were positive for r. massiliae. larvae of the same cohort were fed on rabbits and ... | 2005 | 16134974 |
| tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. | during most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. an element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. in this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. this concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identif ... | 2005 | 16223955 |
| [ixodidae ticks in bishkek]. | the fauna of ixodidae ticks was studied in bishkek in 1998-2004. the city is situated in the center of the chuisk valley, at the foot of the kirghiz ridge, at the boundary of a submountain-plain-arid region and a plain-piedmont-semiarid one with steppe fragments. the ticks were gathered on a flag from small mammalians caught by gero traps, from birds, domestic and agricultural animals. a total of 648 animals of 13 species were examined. the bites of ticks were registered in 98 persons in the cit ... | 2005 | 16445237 |
| ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy. | the results of a 2-year survey on ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy, are reported. several dogs living in the same area were also examined for ticks. moreover, free-living ticks from one cattle farm were caught by co(2) traps and flagging. a total of 6208 specimens was collected belonging to 9 species: rhipicephalus bursa (32.4%), rhipicephalus turanicus (22.7%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.3%), hyalomma lusitanicum (12.0%), haemaphysalis punctata (7.8%), hyalomma marg ... | 2006 | 16550337 |
| rickettsia massiliae human isolation. | | 2006 | 16634183 |
| rickettsia sibirica isolation from a patient and detection in ticks, portugal. | we report the first isolation of rickettsia sibirica (strain mongolotimonae) from the blood of a patient and detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the rickettsia in a rhipicephalus pusillus tick collected from a dead mongoose (herpestes ichneumon) in the alentejo region, portugal. we describe also the first pcr detection of a new rickettsia strain that is related to r. sibirica. | 2006 | 16836827 |
| isolation and identification of rickettsia massiliae from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in arizona. | twenty rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in eastern arizona were tested by pcr assay to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. with a nested pcr assay which detects a fragment of the rickettsia genus-specific 17-kda antigen gene (htra), five ticks (25%) were found to contain rickettsial dna. one rickettsial isolate was obtained from these ticks by inoculating a suspension of a triturated tick into monolayers of vero e6 monkey kidney cells and xtc-2 clawed toa ... | 2006 | 16885311 |
| ticks parasitizing wild birds in portugal: detection of rickettsia aeschlimannii, r. helvetica and r. massiliae. | from january 2002 to december 2004, 152 ticks were collected from 40 wild birds recovered in santo andré natural reserve and monsanto forestal park, portugal mainland. five ticks species were identified from 22 species of birds, and new host record were provided for some species. in addition, 32 (21%) ticks were screened by pcr to detect infections with agents belonging to order rickettsiales: anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and rickettsia spp. pcr amplicons were obtained in 5 ... | 2006 | 16897568 |
| rickettsial agents in egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals. | to assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between june 2002 and july 2003. dna extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using pcr and sequencing, for anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. ticks included: 29 argas persicus, 10 hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 hyalomma dromedarii, 2 hyalomma impeltatum, 3 hyalomma marginatum rufipe ... | 2006 | 17004028 |
| prevalence of spotted fever group rickettsia species detected in ticks in la rioja, spain. | our objective was to learn the prevalence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia detected in ticks in la rioja, in the north of spain. from 2001 to 2005, 496 ticks representing 7 tick species were analysed at the hospital de la rioja. ticks were removed from humans with or without rickettsial syndrome (n = 59) or collected from mammals (n = 371) or from vegetation by dragging (n = 66). the presence of sfg rickettsia in these ticks was investigated by semi-nested pcr (ompa gene) and sequencing. ... | 2006 | 17114730 |
| expression of rompa and rompb protein in rickettsia massiliae during the rhipicephalus turanicus life cycle. | rhipicephalus turanicus tick colony infected in the laboratory with rickettsia massiliae showed that the rickettsia is transovarially and transdatially tramsmitted. the expression of rompb did not change with temperature or the stages of the tick life cycle. in contrast, rompa was less expressed during the larval stage. | 2006 | 17114739 |
| first molecular detection of r. conorii, r. aeschlimannii, and r. massiliae in ticks from algeria. | ticks collected in northern algeria between may 2001 and november 2003 were tested by pcr for the presence of rickettsia spp. dna using primer amplifying glta and ompa genes. three different spotted fever group rickettsias were amplified from these ticks: r. conorii subsp. p. conorii strain malish in rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum, and r. massiliae in rhipicephalus turanicus. our results confirm the presence of r. conorii in ticks in algeria and provide the fir ... | 2006 | 17114743 |
| infection of ixodes scapularis ticks with rickettsia monacensis expressing green fluorescent protein: a model system. | ticks (acari: ixodidae) are ubiquitous hosts of rickettsiae (rickettsiaceae: rickettsia), obligate intracellular bacteria that occur as a continuum from nonpathogenic arthropod endosymbionts to virulent pathogens of both arthropod vectors and vertebrates. visualization of rickettsiae in hosts has traditionally been limited to techniques utilizing fixed tissues. we report epifluorescence microscopy observations of unfixed tick tissues infected with a spotted fever group endosymbiont, rickettsia m ... | 2007 | 17125789 |
| detection of theileria and babesia species in ticks collected from cattle. | the present study was carried out to detect tick species that infest cattle, and theileria and babesia species transmitted by these ticks in kayseri province (turkey). a total of 300 cattle were examined for tick infestations. of the 300 cattle, 117 (39%) were infested with ticks. a total of 1160 ticks belonging to 11 ixodid genera were collected from the infested animals and their shelters. the most prevalent tick species was boophilus annulatus 26.37% (306/1160) followed by hyalomma marginatum ... | 2007 | 17614205 |
| detection of "rickettsia sp. strain uilenbergi" and "rickettsia sp. strain davousti" in amblyomma tholloni ticks from elephants in africa. | to date, 6 tick-borne rickettsiae pathogenic for humans are known to occur in africa and 4 of them were first identified in ticks before being recognized as human pathogens. | 2007 | 17683629 |
| tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in wild and domestic small mammals in northern spain. | the prevalence and diversity of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (borrelia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae) infecting 253 small mammals captured in the basque country (spain) were assessed using pcr and reverse line blot hybridization. trapping sites were selected around sheep farms (study 1, 2000 to 2002) and recreational parks (study 2, 2003 to 2005). the majority of the studied mammals (162) were wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), but six othe ... | 2007 | 17693556 |
| status of tick infestation of cattle in the kayseri region of turkey. | this study was carried out to determine the status of tick infestation of cattle in the kayseri region in turkey. eight hundred and sixty-six cattle and their barns in 12 localities were examined during the period of june 2000-november 2001, where 188 (21.7%) of which were infested by ticks. a total of 1,585 ticks consisting of rhipicephalus turanicus (2.27%), r. bursa (2.14%), r. sanguineus (0.94%), hyalomma marginatum (17.16%), h. anatolicum excavatum (24.73%), h. a. anatolicum (19.62%), derma ... | 2007 | 17823821 |
| a survey of ticks (acari:ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in the dohuk governorate, iraq. | a survey on hard ticks affecting cattle, sheep, and goats was done in dohuk governorate from march 2005 until february 2006 in three areas (dohuk surrounding area, barwary balla near turkish border, and eqre). the species collected from cattle were hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and hyalomma anatolicum marginatum, while the species collected from sheep and goats were rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus turanicus, haemaphysalis parva, and hyalomma spp. the occurrences of the ticks in the three are ... | 2007 | 17823824 |
| ectoparasites of the endangered iberian lynx lynx pardinus and sympatric wild and domestic carnivores in spain. | ectoparasites can cause important skin disorders in animals and can also transmit pathogens. the iberian lynx lynx pardinus has been stated to be the most endangered felid in the world and such vector-borne pathogens may threaten its survival. we surveyed 98 wild carnivores (26 iberian lynxes, 34 red foxes vulpes vulpes, 24 egyptian mongooses herpestes ichneumon, 11 common genets genetta genetta, two eurasian badgers meles meles, one polecat mustela putorius) and 75 domestic but free-ranging car ... | 2007 | 17897365 |
| lateral gene transfer between obligate intracellular bacteria: evidence from the rickettsia massiliae genome. | rickettsia massiliae is a tick-borne obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria causing spotted fever in humans. here, we present the sequence of its genome, comprising a 1.3-mb circular chromosome and a 15.3-kb plasmid. the chromosome exhibits long-range colinearity with the other spotted fever group rickettsia genomes, except for a large fragment specific to r. massiliae that contains 14 tra genes presumably involved in pilus formation and conjugal dna transfer. we demonstrate that the tra re ... | 2007 | 17916642 |
| climate niches of tick species in the mediterranean region: modeling of occurrence data, distributional constraints, and impact of climate change. | in this study, we used ecological niche factor analysis (enfa) and principal components analysis (pca) of climate variables to define the climate niches and areas of potential colonization of six species of ticks in the mediterranean region: dermacentor marginatus sulzer, rhipicephalus bursa canestrini & fanzago, rhipicephalus turanicus pomerantsev, matikashvili & lototsky, hyalomma marginatum koch, hyalomma excavatum koch, and boophilus annulatus (say). enfa generated distribution models that v ... | 2007 | 18047215 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| seroprevalence of equine babesiosis in the black sea region of turkey. | the prevalence of theileria equi and babesia caballi was determined in equid blood samples in five provinces of the black sea region of turkey by using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of 153 samples, 53 (34.6%) and 33 (21.5%) were seropositive to b. caballi and t. equi, respectively. in addition, 8 (5.2%) of samples were seropositive to both t. equi and b. caballi. anti t. equi and b. caballi antibodies were detected in all five regions. the prevalence of b. caballi was higher tha ... | 2008 | 18234550 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in israel. | sequences from the anaplasma phagocytophilum 16s rrna gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus turanicus, and boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in mount carmel, israel. the sequences were all identical to those of ap-variant 1 strain. | 2007 | 18252125 |
| acaricidal efficacy of origanum onites l. essential oil against rhipicephalus turanicus (ixodidae). | essential oils that were extracted by steam distillation from origanum onites l. from northwest turkey were analyzed using an agilent gc-msd system. carvacrol was the major component (64.3%) of the oil. both pure commercial carvacrol and essential oil at concentrations of 1.5%, 3.2%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% (v/v) were tested for their effects against engorging rhipicephalus turanicus, which were collected from cattle breeding in the region. pure carvacrol killed all the ticks following ... | 2008 | 18438729 |
| ticks infesting domestic animals in northern greece. | the tick species infesting grazing animals in the countryside of 11 prefectures in northern greece were investigated during april-july and september-december of consecutive years 2003-2006. a total of 3,249 (1,952 males, 1,297 females) adult ticks were collected from goats, sheep, cattle and dogs. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus (44.57%), ixodes gibbosus (4.09%), rhipicephalus bursa (19.14%), rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus (5.79%), hyalomma marginatum marginatum (12.40 ... | 2008 | 18563592 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, morocco. | a total of 370 ticks, encompassing 7 species from 4 genera, were collected during 2002-2006 from domestic animals and vegetation in the taza region of northeastern morocco. rickettsial dna was identified in 101 ticks (27%) by sequencing pcr products of fragments of the citrate synthase and outer membrane protein genes of rickettsia spp. seven rickettsiae of the spotted fever group were identified, including 4 pathogens: r. aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicep ... | 2008 | 18598627 |
| a gis framework for the assessment of tick impact on human health in a changing climate. | a framework to evaluate the impact of ticks on human health under various scenarios of climate change is proposed. the purpose is not to provide a comprehensive plan (e.g. the economic impact of ticks on human society is not included), instead we wish to describe a series of indices that would be helpful by obtaining homogeneous comparisons of impact and vulnerability exerted by ticks in different regions, countries or continents, using normalized sets of population, vegetation, climate and phys ... | 2007 | 18686241 |
| ectoparasites on reintroduced roe deer capreolus capreolus in israel. | the ectoparasite fauna of reintroduced roe deer (capreolus capreolus) was surveyed in a mediterranean forest in israel. ectoparasites were collected from four female hand-reared deer during 2004 and 2005. seasonality, predilection sites of infestation, and the apparent effect of the parasites are presented. this is the first study of roe deer parasites in the east mediterranean. the ectoparasite fauna included three hippoboscid fly (lipoptena capreoli, hippobosca equina, and hippobosca longipenn ... | 2008 | 18689655 |
| prevalence and genotypes of anaplasma species and habitat suitability for ticks in a mediterranean ecosystem. | anaplasma species are tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. sicily is one of the locations where these pathogens are endemic. sicily represents a typical mediterranean ecosystem to study anaplasma infection and tick habitat suitability. the aims of this study were (i) to characterize by 16s rrna and species-specific msp4 gene pcr the prevalence and genotypes of a. marginale, a. phagocytophilum, and a. ovis in the most abundant host species in sicilian provinces and ... | 2008 | 18978093 |
| first direct detection of rickettsial pathogens and a new rickettsia, 'candidatus rickettsia barbariae', in ticks from sardinia, italy. | the present study evaluated the molecular detection and identification of rickettsia species in 83 ticks collected in sardinia, italy. fifteen ticks were pcr-positive using glta-specific and ompa-specific primers, leading to the identification of rickettsia aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum, r. massiliae in rhipicephalus turanicus and in rhipicephalus sanguineus, and a new rickettsia, previously referred to as potirb169 in portugal, in four rhipicephalus turanicus. this new species ... | 2008 | 19040474 |
| acaricidal effects of the essential oil of origanum minutiflorum (lamiaceae) against rhipicephalus turanicus (acari: ixodidae). | the acaricidal effects of the volatile essential oil origanum minutiflorum o. schwarz & p.h. davis (lamiaceae) against adult rhipicephalus turanicus was evaluated at a variety of concentrations and exposure times. generally tick mortality increased with concentration and exposure. ticks exposed to vapors from cotton wicks containing at least 10mul/l resulted in complete (100%) mortality at 120min. the major constituent of essential oil obtained from the plant material of o. minutiflorum was carv ... | 2009 | 19091479 |
| taxonomical studies of ticks infesting wild rodents from asir province in saudi arabia. | ticks infesting rodents in asir province, which is about 3000 meter above sea level, were surveyed in wadi dalaghan and wadi bin hachbal. they were examined from september to december 2006, where ten local life baited traps were distributed for 3 days each month. the rodents were acomys c. dimitatus (20), meriones rex (19) & one gerbillus cheesmani. fifty three nymphs were dropped off from the rodents in the laboratory 3 to 12 days post-trapping. forty eight nymphs were reared to adults for iden ... | 2008 | 19143116 |
| ixodid ticks infesting domestic goats in communal land areas of zimbabwe. | the purpose of this study was to determine the species spectrum of ticks infesting goats owned by resource-limited farmers in the state-owned communal land areas of zimbabwe. ticks were collected from goats at a single locality within each of 5 communal land areas, and a total of 14 ixodid tick species was recovered. the most numerous tick was rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, which was present in all areas at each sampling, and a rhipicephalus sp. (near r. punctatus), which was most abundant on go ... | 2008 | 19244819 |
| comparative efficacy of spinosad with conventional acaricides against hard and soft tick populations from antalya, turkey. | the acaricidal efficacy of ceramic tiles treated at field application rates with either spinosad (mozkill 120 sc, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), deltamethrin (impotek deltamethrin ew, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), permethrin+esbiothrin (chrysamed, 0.1 g ai/m(2)), chlorpyrifos-methyl (chlortoks ec 50, 0.2 g ai/m(2)) or a mixture of alpha-cypermethrin/tetramethrin/piperonyl butoxide (ecorex alfa se, 0.01 g ai/m(2)), against larval rhipicephalus turanicus and argas persicus ticks was determined in laboratory bioassays. all t ... | 2009 | 19446398 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe. | bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ... | 2010 | 20182535 |
| tick reservoirs for piroplasms in central and northern italy. | ticks, collected in central and northern italy from pets, livestock, wild animals and the environment (n=2107), were identified by microscopy and processed by molecular diagnostics to determine the species that act as a reservoir for piroplasms. a total of 11 ixodid tick species were identified, with five of them proving to be piroplasm positive. molecular diagnostics identified theileria equi and eight babesia species in 52 adult specimens, mostly (n=50) removed from piroplasm-free vertebrate h ... | 2010 | 20304560 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia massiliae, rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from israel. | rickettsioses are recognized as important emerging vector-borne infections of humans worldwide. previous reports documented the presence of two spotted fever group rickettsiae in israel, rickettsia conorii israelensis and rickettsia felis. the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of rickettsiae in ticks collected from vegetation and the ground, from different parts of israel. non-engorged questing adult ticks were collected from 13 localities. a total of 131 tick pools, 83 of rhip ... | 2011 | 20331680 |
| biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. | abstract: the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the most widespread tick in the world and a well-recognized vector of many pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally humans. this tick can be found on dogs living in both urban and rural areas, being highly adapted to live within human dwellings and being active throughout the year not only in tropical and subtropical regions, but also in some temperate areas. depending on factors such as climate and host availability, rh. sanguineus can ... | 2010 | 20377860 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma platys, candidatus midichloria mitochondrii and babesia canis vogeli in ticks from israel. | : ticks are vectors of important pathogens of human and animals. therefore, their microbial carriage capacity is constantly being investigated. the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of domestic animal pathogens in ticks collected from vegetation and the ground, from different parts of israel. non-engorged questing adult ticks were collected from 13 localities. a total of 1196 ticks in 131 pools-83 pools of rhipicephalus turanicus and 48 of rhipicephalus sanguineus (with two to ... | 2011 | 20636417 |
| application of highly sensitive saturation labeling to the analysis of differential protein expression in infected ticks from limited samples. | abstract: | 2010 | 20704695 |
| ticks infesting the endangered italian hare (lepus corsicanus) and their habitat in an ecological park in southern italy. | the italian hare (lepus corsicanus) is an endangered species whose natural populations have decreased in recent years. this study's objective was to identify ticks infesting hares and their habitats in a wildlife reserve in southern italy. in june 2009, ticks were collected by dragging in three transects set in a meadow habitat within an enclosure inhabited by hares and in three similar transects outside this enclosure. fifty-five ticks were collected by dragging, being 54 inside and 1 outside t ... | 2011 | 20711803 |
| genetic analysis of ticks belonging to the rhipicephalus sanguineus group in latin america. | phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16s rdna sequences were generated from rhipicephalus sanguineus group specimens collected in 29 localities among 9 latin-american countries, plus ticks collected in south africa, spain, and italy. sequences from latin america generated six different haplotypes (a, b, c, d, e, and f). phylogenetic analyses generated trees that segregated our tick sequences into two distinct clades: one is represented by haplotypes a-c, and south african r. sanguineus a ... | 2011 | 20858451 |
| pathogens and symbionts in ticks: a survey on tick species distribution and presence of tick-transmitted micro-organisms in sardinia, italy. | a total of 1485 adult ticks were collected from mammalian hosts in south-eastern sardinia, italy, during the years 2007-2008. ticks were identified and tested by pcr analysis for presence of rickettsia species of the spotted fever group, ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, bartonella species and leishmania species. among all tick species examined (rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, hyalomma marginatum margina ... | 2010 | 20884769 |
| short report: new spotted fever group rickettsia in a rhipicephalus turanicus tick removed from a child in eastern sicily, italy. | a new genotype of spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) was identified in rhipicephalus turanicus from eastern sicily. on the basis of current molecular criteria, the genetic characteristics obtained from multiple locus sequence typing satisfy the requirements for candidatus status of this sfgr. further detection and identification of this sfgr during entomological and clinical surveys will be required to establish the prevalence of this rickettsia and its potential pathogenicity for humans. | 2011 | 21212209 |
| a focus of dogs and rickettsia massiliae-infected rhipicephalus sanguineus in california. | a recurrent focus of rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation was investigated in a suburban area of southern california after reports of suspected rocky mountain spotted fever in two dogs on the same property. abundant quantities of rh. sanguineus were collected on the property and repeatedly from each dog, and rickettsia massiliae dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). whole blood and serum samples from four dogs were tested by using pcr and microimmunofluorescent assay for antibodie ... | 2011 | 21292893 |
| tick-borne bacteria in mouflons and their ectoparasites in cyprus. | the cypriot mouflon (ovis orientalis ophion), a once almost extirpated species of wild sheep, is under strict surveillance because it can be threatened by likely transmission of pathogenic bacteria, such as anaplasma spp., rickettsia spp., and coxiella burnetii, primarily from domestic ungulates. we collected 77 blood samples from cypriot mouflons and 663 of their ectoparasites (rhipicephalus turanicus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus bursa, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, hyalomma margin ... | 2011 | 21441182 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in cyprus. | in two surveys conducted from march 1999 to march 2001 and from january 2004 to december 2006, a total of 3,950 ticks (belonging to ten different species) were collected from seven domestic and wild animals (goat, sheep, cattle, dog, fox, hare, and mouflon) from different localities throughout cyprus. in order to establish their infection rate with spotted fever rickettsiae (sfg), ticks were pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting glta and ompa genes, followed by sequencing anal ... | 2011 | 21833539 |
| ixodid ticks of road-killed wildlife species in southern italy: new tick-host associations and locality records. | the present study aimed to identify ticks collected from road-killed wildlife species retrieved in several localities of southern italy and to assess the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. dna in ticks. collections were carried out from january 2000 to december 2009 on wild animals found dead within the territories of 11 municipalities from three regions (i.e., apulia, basilicata, and calabria). in total, 189 carcasses of wild animals belon ... | 2011 | 21728058 |
| detection of new francisella-like tick endosymbionts in hyalomma spp. and rhipicephalus spp. (acari: ixodidae) from bulgaria. | we report on the identification of two new francisella-like endosymbionts (fles) found in three different tick species from bulgaria. the fles were characterized by 16s rrna and tul4 gene sequencing and seem to lack the molecular marker rd1. these two new taxa seem to be facultative secondary endosymbionts of ticks. | 2011 | 21705542 |
| Rickettsiae in arthropods collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in France. | The aim of our study was to detect the presence of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in ticks and fleas collected from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southeastern France during 2008. Using a genus-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, which was followed by a species-specific qPCR assay for the positive samples, 45.2% (33/73) of ticks (Rhipicephalus turanicus) were found to be infected with Rickettsia massiliae. 10.5% (2/19) of the fleas (Archaeopsylla erinacei) collected in the study tested po ... | 2011 | 22118782 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in israel. | we report molecular evidence for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in ticks collected from roe deer, addax, red foxes, and wild boars in israel. rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in hyalomma marginatum and hyalomma detritum while rickettsia massiliae was present in rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. furthermore, a novel uncultured sfgr was detected in haemaphysalis adleri and haemaphysalis parva ticks from golden jackals. the pathogenicity of the novel sfgr for humans is unk ... | 2011 | 22049050 |
| expression of heat shock and other stress response proteins in ticks and cultured tick cells in response to anaplasma spp. infection and heat shock. | ticks are ectoparasites of animals and humans that serve as vectors of anaplasma and other pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. ticks and the pathogens that they transmit have coevolved molecular interactions involving genetic traits of both the tick and the pathogen that mediate their development and survival. in this paper, the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and other stress response proteins (srps) was characterized in ticks and cultured tick cells by proteomics and t ... | 2010 | 22084679 |
| composition and seasonal variation of rhipicephalus turanicus and rhipicephalus sanguineus bacterial communities. | a 16s rrna gene approach, including 454 pyrosequencing and quantitative pcr (qpcr), was used to describe the bacterial community in rhipicephalus turanicus and to evaluate the dynamics of key bacterial tenants of adult ticks during the active questing season. the bacterial community structure of rh. turanicus was characterized by high dominance of coxiella and rickettsia and extremely low taxonomic diversity. parallel diagnostic pcr further revealed a novel coxiella species which was present and ... | 2012 | 22467507 |
| first case of anaplasma platys infection in a dog from croatia. | it is known that anaplasma (a.) platys, the causative agent of infectious canine cyclic thrombocytopenia, is endemic in countries of the mediterranean basin. however, few reports are available from the balkans. this case report describes a dog, which was imported from croatia to germany in may 2010. one month later the dog was presented to a local veterinarian in germany due to intermittent/recurrent diarrhoea. diagnostic tests were performed to identify infections caused by anaplasma spp., ehrl ... | 2012 | 22401583 |
| molecular and serological evidence for the circulation of the tick symbiont midichloria (rickettsiales: midichloriaceae) in different mammalian species. | the midichloriaceae is a novel family of the order rickettsiales, that encompasses intracellular bacteria associated with hard ticks (ixodidae) and other arthropods. the most intensively investigated member of this family is midichloria mitochondrii, a symbiotic bacterium of the sheep tick ixodes ricinus, characterized by the capacity of multiplying inside the mitochondria. a recent study suggested that these bacteria might be inoculated into the human host during the tick bite. the purpose of t ... | 2013 | 24330701 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in dermacentor reticulatus and haemaphysalis punctata ticks in the uk. | spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae have recently been identified for the first time in uk ticks. this included the findings of rickettsia helvetica in ixodes ricinus and rickettsia raoultii in dermacentor reticulatus. this paper further investigates the occurrence of sfg rickettsiae in additional geographically distinct populations of d. reticulatus, and for the first time, investigates the occurrence of sfg rickettsiae in uk populations of haemaphysalis punctata ticks. | 2013 | 23870197 |
| identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on humans in turkey. | the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including turkey. the tick-borne disease outbreaks reported in recent years and the abundance of tick species and the existence of suitable habitats increase the importance of studies related to the epidemiology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in turkey. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of and to determine the infection rates of some tick-borne pathogens, including babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi se ... | 2014 | 25101999 |
| ticks infesting humans in italy and associated pathogens. | ticks may transmit a large variety of pathogens, which cause illnesses in animals and humans, commonly referred to as to tick-borne diseases (tbds). the incidence of human tbds in italy is underestimated because of poor surveillance and the scant amount of studies available. | 2014 | 25023709 |
| survey on cattle ticks in nur, north of iran. | to survey the prevalence of cattle ticks in nur county and prepare a list of tick fauna in this district. | 2014 | 25182439 |
| hard tick factors implicated in pathogen transmission. | ticks are the most common arthropod vector, after mosquitoes, and are capable of transmitting the greatest variety of pathogens. for both humans and animals, the worldwide emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne disease is becoming increasingly problematic. despite being such an important issue, our knowledge of pathogen transmission by ticks is incomplete. several recent studies, reviewed here, have reported that the expression of some tick factors can be modulated in response to pathogen infec ... | 2014 | 24498444 |
| control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen. | despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ... | 2014 | 24398155 |
| emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat. | since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ... | 2015 | 26453241 |