| transmission of kyasanur forest disease virus by rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. | larvae of rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides were infected with kaysanur forest disease (kfd) virus by feeding on viraemic rodents and reared into next generation larvae. fed larvae, nymphs, unfed adults, fed adult males, and females after oviposition were found infected, while the larvae were found free from infection. nymphs and adults transmitted the infection by bite to rodents and rabbits respectively. the virus was also passed through a second rodent-tick cycle. adult ticks showed a titre of 3 ... | 1978 | 27975 |
| electron microscopic studies on the development of kinetes of theileria parva theiler, 1904 in the gut of the vector ticks rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, 1901. | the development of motile stages, called kinetes, from a stationary stage (regarded as zygote) has been followed in theileria parva by means of electron miscroscopy. this process started after moult of the tick nymphs which had sucked on highly infected calves, i.e. about 20 days after repletion (a.r.) of the ticks. the transformation took place by formation of a growing protrusion (= anlage) into an inner, enlarging vacuole. during this process the limiting membrane of the enlarging vacuole ser ... | 1978 | 28653 |
| effect of humoral antibodies on the course of theileria parva infection (east coast fever) of cattle. | a study was made of the effects of serum and gamma-globulins from vaccinated cattle (donor cattle) given to cattle (principals) exposed to theileria parva infection (east coast fever (ecf)). the principals were treated with normal serum, with serum containing high antibody titer against t parva (as evaluated by the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) technique), or with globulins prepared from normal and from immune serums. for exposure, the principals were inoculated with standardized suspensio ... | 1975 | 47727 |
| rapid quantitative assessment of theileria infection in ticks. | a simplified method for methyl green pyronin staining is described for theileria parva and t. annulata in whole salivary glands of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and hyalomma anatolicum subspecies respectively. the stain gives results comparable with feulgen staining and can be used after the ticks have been in cold storage for 3 days. there is considerable variability in the rate and intensity of infection of these ticks with theilerial parasites and it is concluded that the method permits large ... | 1979 | 87045 |
| histopathologic and electron microscopic studies of cutaneous lesions in calves with experimentally induced east coast fever (theileriosis). | skin lesions of bovine east coast fever were examined by light and electron microscopy at 120 hours after attachment of rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with theileria parva. lesions included epidermal ulcer, hemorrhage, edema, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration by mostly polymorphonuclear and mononuclear (lymphoid) cells. the trophozoite state of t parva was observed in a parasitophorous vacuole and feeding on neutrophil granules. schizonts, some in budding process, and mer ... | 1978 | 98077 |
| induction of infective stages of theileria parva by exposure of host ticks to high temperature. | it was demonstrated that theileria parva parasites infective to cattle could be induced by exposure of infected adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks to 37 degrees c. the production of the sporozoites of t parva was not as efficient as by feeding ticks on rabbits. | 1979 | 119344 |
| electron-microscopic studies on theileria ovis rodhain, 1916: development of kinetics in the gut of the vector tick, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, 1897, and their transformation within cells of the salivary glands. | gamogony of theileria ovis rodhain occurs within the gut of nymphs of the tick rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann. after molting, spherical and ovoid parasites are found within the intestinal cells of the ticks. these stages are thought to be zygotes, because they undergo a transformation process leading ultimately (in 3 days) to the formation of a motile stage, the kinete, the fine structure of which is very similar to that of the ookinetes of the hemosporidia. the kinete leaves the gut cell ... | 1979 | 119849 |
| the differential diagnosis of the bovine theilerias of southern africa. | it is currently thought that the following species or sub-species of theileria occur in cattle in southern africa: theileria parva parva (east coast fever), theileria parva lawrencei (corridor disease), theileria parva bovie (rhodesian theileriosis), theileria mutans proper (transmitted by amblyomma species), so-called theileria mutans (a non-pathogenic species transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus, possibly identical with theileria taurotragi) and theileria velifera. the parasites can be ... | 1979 | 122000 |
| artificial infection of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus with theileria parva. | methods for infecting rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks with theileria parva by injection and by artificial feeding were confirmed and compared. the injection method proved simpler and at best as effective and suggested improvements are described. | 1979 | 122269 |
| [importance of ixodid ticks in the transmission and preservation of the causative agent of crimean hemorrhagic fever in foci of the infection]. | experimental infection of hyalomma plumbeum panz., rhipicephalus rossicus jak. et k. jak. and dermacentor marginatus sulz. with the virus of the crimean hemorrhagic fever has shown that preimaginal phases of the above ticks easily receive an infection agent from the infected donor, preserve it for a long time, transmit it through a bite during feeding to susceptible animals; during metamorphosis they transmit this agent to the subsequent developmental phases as well as to the progeny of the infe ... | 1976 | 134339 |
| [anomalohimalaya lotozkyi sp. n., a new species of ixodid ticks from the peter the first range (ixodoidea, ixodidae)]. | anomalohimalaya lotozkyi sp. n., the second species of this genus, was found in tadzhikistan, peter i ridge, at the height of 2700 m above the sea level in rocky locality with xerophilous vegetation on alticola argentatus. in june, 1977 there were found larvae and nymphs of the species. after feeding larvae and then nymphs females and males were obtained. all phases of the life cycle differ distinctly from those of the type species an. lama hoog., kais. et mitch., 1970, from himalayas. the diagn ... | 1978 | 151845 |
| ticks of small mammals from the hindu kush (afghanistan). | during the first czechoslovak expedition to the east hindu kush in june-september 1965 a total of 193 hosts belonging to 12 species was examined on the presence of ticks. specimens of the genera ixodes, haemaphysalis, dermacentor and rhipicephalus were found. data and comments are given for the species collected. | 1977 | 342370 |
| [experimental transmission of canine babesiosis (babesia canis) by native german ticks: 1. the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 374029 |
| studies on theileriidae (sporozoa) in tanzania. vii. additional note on the transmission of theileria parva. | rhipicephalus evertsi successfully transmitted fatal east coast fever (theileria parva infection) in one experiment. a second one gave negative results, as did an attempted transmission of t. parva by amblyomma variegatum. | 1977 | 407682 |
| isolation of a theileria species from eland (taurotragus oryx) infective for cattle. | theileria infections were induced in cattle by feeding ticks on them from 3 sources: (a) adult rhipicephalid ticks obtained from the vegetation in a paddock containing an eland eao at the animal orphanage, nairobi national park, kenya, (b) rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults fed as nymphs on the same eland, (c) r. pulchellus adults fed as nymphs on an eland w 68 captured in the machakos district of kenya. both eland were harbouring theileria parasites at the time nymphal ticks were fed. mild inf ... | 1977 | 407683 |
| studies on theileriidae (sporozoa) in tanzania ix. unidentified bovine theileriae. | two strains of nonpathogenic theileriae, designated as theileria sp. (idobogo) and theileria sp. (mwanza), were isolated from cattle in southern and northern tanzania respectively. they were similar to each other, producing low numbers of t. parva-like macroschizonts and of small piroplasms. both were readily transmitted by rhipicephalus appendiculatus. no serological relationship with t. mutans was found, while serum of some of the recovered animals gave fleeting, low titres in the indirect flu ... | 1977 | 414387 |
| theileria parva piroplasmosis in mice, and its attempted transmission with rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | theileria parva piroplasm infection of mouse erythrocytes was detected, following intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with irradiated cultures of t. parva-infected bovine lymphoid cells. infection could not be transmitted to cattle using rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | 1977 | 414389 |
| development of theileria parva (theiler, 1904) in the gut of rhipicephalus appendiculatus (neumann, 1901). | | 1977 | 415285 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xiii. the seasonal incidence of adult ticks (acarina: ixodidae) on cattle in the northern transvaal. | ticks were collected over a period of 13 months, at approximately fortnightly intervals, from 6 africaner oxen kept on the farm nylsvley in the naboomspruit district. the 8 species of ixodidae collected were, in order of abundance, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. evertsi evertsi, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, amblyomma hebraeum, r. simus, boophilus decoloratus and ixodes cavipalpus. the relative abundance of adult ticks of these species, their predilection feeding sites and seasona ... | 1979 | 460821 |
| [case of mass infestation with mites of genus rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreile, 1806) in a warsaw apartment]. | | 1979 | 516736 |
| ehrlichiosis in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses. | canine ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in wolves, dogs, and wolf-dog crosses at a small zoo in northcentral florida. five of 9 adult canids and all 8 pups confined to a common kennel died as a result of the infection. the epizootic was associated with a massive rhipicephalus sanguineus infestation. hematologic and pathologic findings in an adult wolf-dog cross that died were characteristic of canine ehrlichiosis. that animal and four other canids were seropositive for ehrlichia canis. no deaths occur ... | 1979 | 521367 |
| [kisemayo virus, a representative of the bhanja antigenic group]. | previously unknown kisemayo virus first isolated in 1974 from rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected in somali shows antigenic relationship with bhanja virus in hi tests, however, is readily differentiated from the latter in this test. no cross relations between these agents are demonstrable in cft, agar gel diffusion and precipitation test or neutralization test. these results suggest formation of a new antigenic group including bhanja and kisemayo viruses among arboviruses. | 1979 | 524862 |
| hosts of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in northern mississippi, usa. | | 1979 | 529267 |
| [the experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus in australia]. | | 1979 | 539952 |
| [the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) in germany, a problem in small animal practice]. | | 1979 | 548027 |
| [control of the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus l. in houses and stables]. | | 1979 | 548028 |
| the use of frequency diagrams in the survey of resistance to pesticides in ticks in southern africa. | a method whereby resistance data can be analysed by means of frequency distributions is described. this method established that rhipicephalus appendiculatus and r. evertsi evertsi show either little or only developing resistance to the pesticides chlorfenvinphos and dioxathion. boophilus spp., however, show more instances and higher levels of resistance to these 2 pesticides. | 1979 | 551365 |
| tick infestations and tick-borne diseases in zimbabwe rhodesia. | the distribution of tick species in zimbabwe rhodesia is significantly influenced by land utilization practices. the most commonly occurring species in the over-grazed tribal areas is boophilus decoloratus. by contrast, well-managed commercial farms and ranches support a wide range of tick species, the most important of which is rhipicephalus appendiculatus. until recently tick-borne diseases of cattle were efficiently controlled through dipping. the low incidence of disease was an important fac ... | 1979 | 553966 |
| epidemiology and control of anaplasmosis in australia. | anaplasmosis occurs in those areas of northern and eastern australia infested by the cattle tick boophilus microplus but it has been studied intensively only in queensland. anaplasmosis is predominantly a disease of autumn and winter and of cattle greater than 1 year of age. the complement fixation test has been used in serological surveys of the tick-infested areas of the state. both clinical and subclinical infections occur only in tick-infested areas and they are both more frequent in bos tau ... | 1979 | 553977 |
| ultrastructure of rickettsia rhipicephali, a new member of the spotted fever group rickettsiae in tissues of the host vector rhipicephalus sanguineus. | rickettsia rhipicephali is similar in ultrastructure to r. rickettsii while differing from other rickettsiae of the typhus group and of q fever and others by its lack of a prominently reticulated cytoplasmic matrix and in the thickness of the inner osmophilic layer of the cell wall. in tissues of the tick vector rhipicephalus sanguineus, r. rhipicephali had a mean length and width of 1.2 and 0.46 micrometer, respectively. it possessed a trilaminar cell wall with an adhering capsule-like layer. t ... | 1979 | 570191 |
| the temperature and humidity preferences of haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes holocyclus and rhipicephalus sanguineus (ixodidae): studies on eggs. | | 1979 | 571858 |
| the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and the dog as experimental hosts of ehrlichia canis. | adult rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks efficiently transmitted ehrlichia canis to susceptible dogs for 155 days after detachment as engorged nymphs from a dog in the acute phase of ehrlichiosis. adult ticks that had similarly engorged on a dog in the chronic phase of ehrlichiosis failed to transmit e canis to susceptible dogs. infected but unfed adult ticks may be of greater importance than the chronically infected carrier dog as a natural reservoir of e canis. | 1977 | 596693 |
| rhipicephalus on the lid margin. | | 1977 | 612593 |
| the life cycle of the two-host tick rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, 1897, under laboratory conditions (acarina: ixodidae). | the life cycle of rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, 1897, is discussed under the following headings: larval feeding; larval drop; nymphal feeding; nymphal drop; nymphal moulting; adult feeding; adult drop; preoviposition period; oviposition period and incubation. special attention has also been given to the development of both male and female reproductive organs, gametogensis and mating. | 1977 | 614518 |
| [attempts to infect rhipicephalus sanguineus (latr.) ticks with the rabies virus]. | | 1978 | 672778 |
| preparation of primary cultures of tick cells. | primary cell cultures were prepared from preimaginal bodies from the nymphal ticks, rhipicephalus sanguineus, dermacentor andersoni, and amblyomma maculatum, and from the hemocytes of late-stage nymphal and adult ticks, ornithodoros coriaceus. the dissection methods for obtaining preimaginal bodies and hemocytes for culture are described. a culture mediu, designated rml 375, was used for both culture methods. primary cultures were established with minimal contamination. preimaginal body cultures ... | 1978 | 697169 |
| a survey of nairobi sheep disease antibody in sheep and goats, wild ruminants and rodents within kenya. | the distribution of antibody to nairobi sheep disease in sheep and goats in kenya was found to coincide closely with that of the tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus. the proportions of a population in an enzootic area with antibody was similar in the different age groups. no antibody to the virus was found in rodent sera and while some low titres were found in some wild ruminant sera, these were considered to be most likely cross reactions with antibody to related viruses. | 1978 | 701789 |
| nairobi sheep disease in kenya. the isolation of virus from sheep and goats, ticks and possible maintenance hosts. | nairobi sheep disease was seen principally upon movement of susceptible animals into the enzootic areas. this occurred most frequently for marketing purposes near the main centres of population. other outbreaks followed local breakdowns in tick control measures. the disease did not occur in epizootic form during the period under consideration. nairobi sheep disease was isolated from pools of rhipicephalus appendiculatus but not from many pools of other tick species. no virus was isolated from th ... | 1978 | 701790 |
| investigations on a theileria species from an impala. | an immature impala (aepyceros melampus), captured in the machakos district of kenya, had theileria-like parasites in its erythrocytes. blood from this animal was inoculated into a theileria-free impala born in captivity and a theileria-free, splenectomized steer. theilerial piroplasms were detected in the erythrocytes of the recipient impala 10 days after inoculation, and a peak parasitaemia of 2% was reached after 48 days, but no infection was detected in the steer. anaemia developed in the rec ... | 1975 | 803575 |
| the role of wild mammals in the epidemiology of bovine theilerioses in east africa. | the theileriidae of east african wild mammals are reviewed. three species of wild bovidae were captured in east africa. they were africa cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), blue wildebeest (connochaetes taurinus) and eland (taurotragus oryx), and all were found to be naturally infected with theileria species. these animals were studied to determine the transmissibility and pathogenicity of their theilerial infections to cattle. adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, which had engorged as nymphs o ... | 1975 | 803580 |
| rhipicephalus sanguineus: vector of a new spotted fever group rickettsia in the united states. | a rickettsia related to but distinct from the spotted fever agent, rickettsia rickettsii, has been detected in 167 (18.9%) of 884 rhipicephalus sanguineus taken off dogs in central and northern mississippi. the organisms could readily be isolated in male meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), where it produced massive infections in the tissues of tunica vaginalis. it was practically nonpathogenic for male guinea pigs, although inoculation of these animals with infected tunica vaginalis of voles ... | 1975 | 806533 |
| development of theileria mutants (aitong) in the tick amblyomma variegatum compared to that of t. parva (muguga) in rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | a comparison was made between the development of theileria mutans (aitong) in adult amblyomma variegatum ticks and the development of t. parva (muguga) in adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. both batches of ticks dropped as engorged nymphs from cattle whose intraerythrocytic parasitemias were approximately 40%, and it was thus possible to make a direct comparison of the infection rates produced in their tick hosts in this experiment by the 2 species of theileria. ticks of the 2 batches wer ... | 1975 | 809568 |
| correlation between the morphology and infectivity of theileria lawrencei developing in the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, infected as nymphs by feeding them on an african buffalo harbouring theileria lawrencei, were applied to the ears of rabbits. equal numbers of the feeding ticks were removed daily from rabbits and either dissected and processed so that parasites in their salivary glands could be examined morphologically and classified, or ground in eagle's minimal essential medium, to harvest parasites from the ticks in the resultant supernatant fluid. the infectivity of ... | 1975 | 809739 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever (tick-borne typhus) in south carolina: an educational program and tick/rickettsial survey in 1973 and 1974. | because the incidence of spotted fever is increasing in south carolina, campaigns were carried out in 1973 and 1974 to provide the public and medical practitioners, through pamphlets and news media, with information about spotted fever and the ticks which transmit the causative agent, rickettsia rickettsii. people were also invited to save and submit live ticks removed from vegetation, animals and humans, for examination by the hemolymph test. a total of 1,186 ticks consisting of 987 dermacentor ... | 1975 | 811127 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever in mississippi: survey for spotted fever antibodies in dogs and for spotted fever group reckettsiae in dog ticks. | during epidemiologic studies of rocky mountain spotted fever in mississippi in 1973, dogs were surveyed for antibodies tp spotted fever group antigens and for tick parasites infected with rickettsiae of the spotted fever group. fifty-three (46%) of 116 serum samples had complement-fixing antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:8 as compared to only one (5%) of 21 samples from a group of dogs obtained from metropolitan chicage. fifty-two per cent of the dogs tested from mississippi had microag ... | 1976 | 814809 |
| studies on theileriidae (sporozoa) in tanzania. iii. experiments on the transmission of theileria mutans by rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum (acarina, ixodidae). | the parasite considered to be theileria mutans in east africa could not be transmitted transstadially by rhipicephalus appendiculatus (seven attempts); it was transmitted by amblyomma variegatum in 6 out of 7 experiments. the possibility that the original south african t. mutans, transmissible by r. appendiculatus, and the parasite called t. mutans in east africa, are different species, has to be considered. | 1976 | 824772 |
| histamine blocking agent in the salivary gland homogenate of the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus sanguineus. | | 1977 | 834285 |
| possibilities of persistence in new biotopes of ticks imported by birds. | survival and development of 6 tick species (hyalomma anatolicum, rhipicephalus sanguineus, haemaphysalis punctata, dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus and ixodes ricinus) were studied in 3 groups differing in the range of distribution with respect to the place of importation, as a model for the knowledge of their possible inclusion in the new local biocenosis during transportation by natural hosts. | 1977 | 852771 |
| life cycle of the tick rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann (acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. | the preoviposition period of the tick rhipicephalus evertsi neumann maintained under laboratory conditions at 26 c was 6.1 +/- 0.38 days. the average number of eggs produced during the oviposition period was 10,400 +/- 397 (max. 13.307, min. 7,558). the greatest daily egg production was recorded on the 3rd day (1.107 eggs/female). the incubation period of eggs at 26 c was 24.8 +/- 1.37 and the feeding time of the larvae and nymphs (a two-host tick) was 17.2 +/- 0.14 days at 26 c. this tick repre ... | 1977 | 864575 |
| murine typhus and spotted fever in israel in the seventies. | one hundred and eleven cases of rickettsial disease-100 cases of murine typhus and 11 cases spotted fever--seen over a four year period at the chaim sheba medical center are reviewed. the clinical picture of murine typhus (caused by rickettsia mooseri and transmitted by xenopsylla cheopis) could not be distinguished from that of spotted fever (caused by a rickettsia similar to rickettsia conori and transmitted by rhipicephalus). some quite severe cases of murine typhus and some relatively mild c ... | 1977 | 881266 |
| [rhipicephalus (acarina, ixodida) of west africa. i. reproducing the life cycle of the ticks rh. muhsamae morel and vassiliades, 1965 and rh. lunulatus neumann, 1907. ii. comparative study of the pre-imaginal stages in the rh. simus/rh. senegalensis complex of west africa]. | | 1977 | 887837 |
| establishment of an experimental field population of theileria lawrencei-infected ticks maintained by african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | a population of rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks infected with buffalo-derived theileria lawrencei was established in a paddock. two infected buffalo had been introduced into this paddock which contained a small population of theileria-free r. appendiculatus. at intervals, successive groups of theileria-susceptible cattle were grazed with the buffalo. transmission of t. lawrencei from buffalo to cattle was first noted 7 to 8 months after the introduction of the buffalo, this delay being accoun ... | 1977 | 915621 |
| [suburban biotopes of rhipicephalus turanicus (pomerancev, matikasvili, lototzki, 1940). (acarina, ixodoidea). preliminary study (author's transl)]. | investigations carried out on the waste grounds of a certain number of large mediterranean towns in provence and languedoc (france) show the prevalence of rhipicephalus turanicus in such an environment. the authors analyse the conditions favourable to the installation of the species, and make a comparison between the suburban biotopes with rhipicephalus turanicus and the homologous biotopes with dermacentor reticulatus. | 1977 | 921194 |
| changes in lymphatic fluid draining an area of inflammation induced by feeding rhipicephalus sanguineus (acarina: ixodidae) on the dog. | | 1976 | 940125 |
| ticks from the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in ngamiland, botswana. | in november 1972, 93 out of 100 african buffalo from 3 areas in ngamiland, botswana, were found to be infested with ticks. the tick species present and the percentage of buffalo infested by each were: hyalomma truncatum (63%), h. rufipes (54%), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (68%), r. tricuspis (11%), r. simus (4%) and boophilus decoloratus (1%). the mean number of ticks per animal was 8,6 (standard deviation +/-4,1), representing a mean of 6,5+/-3,4 male and 2,1+/-1,9 female ticks. the incidence ... | 1976 | 940665 |
| development of ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis, in the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and its differentiation from a symbiotic rickettsia. | certain aspects of the development of ehrlichia canis, causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were studied. it was found that partial feeding of nymphs infected as larvae with e canis was a desirable, if not necessary, preliminary treatment for successful infection of dogs with ground-up ticks. it remains unclear whether feeding increased the number or altered the virulence of ehrlichiae within tick tissues. ehrlichia canis organis ... | 1976 | 944000 |
| comparative observations on some bionomics of japanese ixodid ticks under laboratory cultural conditions. | seventeen species of japanese ixodid ticks of the genera amblyomma, boophilus, haemaphysalis, ixodes, and rhipicephalus were reared in the laboratory under almost the same cultural conditions. their major biological characters, such as feeding, molting, oviposition, and hatching, were summarized in tables. there were some differences in these bionomics among the species. the general characteristics common to all the ticks, except amblyomma testudinarium, were as follows. the feeding period in im ... | 1976 | 980121 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of fospirate-treated collars against the brown dog tick. | experimental tick infestations on dogs were done to determine the initial kill and residual effectiveness of a 15% fospirate-treated plastic colar against the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille). the mean initial kill, determined 4 days after collar application (day 4), was 56.4%. the mean residual effectiveness of fospirate collars on test days 18, 33, 45, 61, 74, 88, and 112 was 89.1, 77.4, 89.5, 78.6, 73.2, 69.0, and 55.0% control, respectively. | 1976 | 984550 |
| studies on theileriidae (sporozoa) in tanzania. v. preliminary experiments on a new method for infecting ticks with theileria parva and theileria mutans. | bovine blood with a high parasitaemia of theileria mutans was injected through the cuticle into fully engorged nymphs of amblyomma variegatum which had recently detached from a rabbit. after moulting, they transmitted this parasite to a susceptible calf. rhipicephalus appendiculatus transmitted theileria parva in the same way, but results were negative with a. variegatum and t. parva. this method of infecting ticks appears promising for the isolation of theileria strains from the field, and migh ... | 1976 | 1006800 |
| [description of rhipicephalus bergeoni n. sp. (acarina, ixodida) of the mountains of ethiopia]. | | 1976 | 1013477 |
| extension of the range of rhipicephalus sanguineus in western australia. | | 1976 | 1016172 |
| [description of rhipicephalus camicasi n. sp. (aearidae, ixodida) of subdesert steppes of the plain of afar]. | | 1976 | 1019397 |
| the first record of hunterellus hookeri parasitizing rhipicephalus sanguineus in indonesia. | | 1976 | 1025747 |
| [tarsal gland of ixodid ticks (ixodidae)]. | in the tarsi of all legs of ixodes persulcatus, dermacentor daghestanicus, rhipicephalus turanicus and hyalomma asiaticum the multicellular gland was observed. the gland is formed by a single layer of glandular cells that form a central cavity where two ciliary structures in a cuticular (scolopoid) sheath are situated. a possible function of the gland is discussed in the article. | 1976 | 1026913 |
| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| [surgey of tick-borne arboviruses in the central african republic (1973-1974). isolation of dugbe, chf/congo, jos and bhanja viruses]. | as a complement of the study of the epidemiology of the arboviruses in central africa a survey of tick borne viruses has been done, in the central african republic, from december 1972 to june 1974; 15.103 ticks were collected, mainly from cattle at the slaughterhouses. they include: 10.085 ambylomma variegatum, 4.113 boophilus, 542 rhipicephalus and 363 hyalomma. from 892 monospecific pools inoculated into baby mice, 98 isolates of virus were obtained. among the 57 isolates which have been fully ... | 1976 | 1036474 |
| letter: the brown dog tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus) on an imported dog. | | 1975 | 1060961 |
| the establishment of three cell lines from the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus (acari: ixodidae) and their infection with some arboviruses. | | 1975 | 1123829 |
| transmission of ehrlichia canis to dogs by ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus). | two strains of rhipicephalus sanguineus acquired ehrlichia canis by feeding as either larvae or nymphs on acutely infected dogs and, in subsequent instars, transmitted the agent to normal dogs. three strains of r sanguineus transmitted e canis as adults after their larval and nymphal stages fed on infected dogs. more than 400 adult female ticks were fed on infected dogs as larvae or nymphs or both, but none transmitted e canis transovarially. | 1975 | 1147359 |
| transstadial transmission of theileria annulata through common ixodid ticks infesting indian cattle. | transstadial transmission of theileria annulata with hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, h. dromedarii and h. marginatum isaaci, and haemaphysalis bispinosa, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides haemaphysaloides and boophilus microplus was determined. it was found that the infection was successfully transmitted by h. a. anatolicum from larva to nymph and nymph to adult in all attempts. when larvae were fed on an infected calf the succeeding adults transmitted the infection when the intervening nymphs fed ... | 1975 | 1178216 |
| observations on naturally acquired hepatozoonosis of wild carnivores and dogs in the republic of south africa. | hepatozoonosis was studied in hyaenas, lions, jackals, cheetahs and one leopard in the kruger national park and compared with the condition seen in dogs in the republic of south africa. hepatozoon schizonts were found in the wild carnivores. the genesis of microschizonts was followed and is illustrated. the schizonts were sometimes very plentiful in the lung, myocardium and skeletal muscle, and were also encountered in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. gametocytes were present in leucocytes. th ... | 1975 | 1221330 |
| arsenic resistance in species of multi-host ticks in the republic of south africa and swaziland. | a survey was made in the republic of south africa and swaziland to determine the incidence of arsenic resistance in multi-host ixodid ticks. arsenic resistant strains were found in the following species:- rihipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi, rhipicephalus capensis, amblyomma hebraeum and a species of hyalomma, tentatively identified as hyalomma rufipes. strains of haemaphysalis leachi, haemaphysalis silacea and ixodes pilosus were also tested. | 1975 | 1223285 |
| [studies on the retention of r. burneti in rh. bursa and h. detritum ticks]. | the role played by ixodes ticks in the epizootiology and epidemiology of q fever was studied by following up the transphasal and transovarial passing of rickettsia burnetii in ticks of the rhipicephalus bursa and hyalomma detritum species. use was made of the 269th passage of the rickettsial strain bp, isolated in this country from sheep. the infection was followed up from larva ist generation to larva iind generation of the two ticks. in 10 out of the eleven samples of ticks studied there were ... | 1975 | 1240691 |
| the feeding behaviour of larvae, nymphs and adults of rhipicephalus appendiculatus. | the pre-feeding and feeding periods of larvae, nymphs and adults of rhipicephalus appendiculatus on rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were investigated. larvae and nymphs required at least 8-9 days after hatching and moulting respectively before they could attach and start feeding, while adults required at least 6-9 days. but longer periods of starvation improved the proportion of ticks that successfully fed. after attachment, there was always an initial period of slow feeding, which was followed ... | 1976 | 1256910 |
| the control of ticks, fleas and lice on dogs by means of a sendran--impregnated collar. | plastic collars impregnated with 9,4% sendran effectively controlled adult rhipicephalus sanguineus for a period of 49 days and immature ticks for a period possibly in excess of 70 days when fitted to four dogs. four uncollared dogs served as controls. although flea burdens were extremely low the collars were apparently effective for a period in excess of 70 days. a medicated collar killed all the ticks, fleas and lice on a severely parasited dog within a period of 48 hours. | 1976 | 1263190 |
| a survey of ticks on farm animals in libya. | thirteen species of ixodid ticks and two species of argasid ticks were collected during a three-year survey of 58 farms in libya. these included boophilus annulatus, b. microplus, b. decoloratus, seven species of hyalomma, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rh. evertsi, rh. bursa, argas persicus and ornithodoros foleyi. this is the first recording of b. microplus, b. decoloratus and rh. bursa in libya. of 20,391 animals examined by random sampling, 2020 (9.6%) had ticks; particularly common were hy. drom ... | 1992 | 1288437 |
| vaccination of cattle against rhipicephalus appendiculatus with detergent solubilized tick tissue proteins and purified 20 kda protein. | three groups of 4 cattle have been vaccinated with either detergent solubilized tick tissue proteins (smp) of male and female rhipicephalus appendiculatus, a 20 kda soluble integumental antigen, a mixture of both smp and 20 kda. two weeks after one booster injection all cattle were challenged by infestation with adult ticks. treatment had no influence on tick attachment but on cattle vaccinated by the 20 kda 32.5% fed ticks died (p < 0.001). moreover, the mean weight of ticks fed on 7 out of 12 ... | 1992 | 1290376 |
| arthropod parasites of springbok, gemsbok, kudus, giraffes and burchell's and hartmann's zebras in the etosha and hardap nature reserves, namibia. | a total of 48 springbok, 48 gemsbok, 23 kudus and 6 giraffes were examined for ticks and lice, while 9 burchell's zebras and 6 hartmann's mountain zebras were examined only for ticks. springbok and gemsbok were shot in both the etosha national park in the north and the hardap nature reserve in the south of namibia. all the other animals were shot in the etosha national park. a total of 7 ixodid tick species and 8 lice species were recovered. the springbok carried few ticks. the adults of a rhipi ... | 1992 | 1297955 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxx. ectoparasites of kudus in the eastern transvaal lowveld and the eastern cape province. | sets of four kudus were shot and examined for arthropod parasites at approximately monthly intervals from april 1981 to march 1983 in the southern part of the kruger national park, eastern transvaal lowveld. these animals harboured 10 ixodid tick species of which boophilus decoloratus followed by amblyomma hebraeum were the most abundant. the seasonal abundances of these ticks and of amblyomma marmoreum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and rhipicephalus zambeziensis w ... | 1992 | 1297956 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxxi. adult ixodid ticks on sheep in the cape province and in the orange free state. | four to 10 dorper sheep on each of 12 farms in the cape province and 3 farms in the orange free state were examined for adult ixodid ticks at approximately 2- to 4-weekly intervals over periods varying from 4 to 18 months, commencing during january, february or april 1989. the farms in the cape province were located in the north-west, south-west and south of the province. those in the orange free state were situated in the north-east and in the south. the sheep in the cape province harboured 10 ... | 1992 | 1297957 |
| [differences in the distant transmission of the tick-borne encephalitis virus by ixodid ticks of 2 subfamilies]. | simultaneous but separate feeding of ticks on nonviremic animal (guinea pig) has shown that amblyomminae ticks are practically unable to transmit distantly tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) to the specimens of their own subfamily and to ixodinae as well. ixodes persulcatus and i. ricinus displayed their ability as donors and recipients of tbev (adults and nymphs) not only for their own subfamily representatives but also as donors for recipients of amblyomminae subfamily (nymphs and adults of ... | 1992 | 1299805 |
| indigenous and crossbred cattle--a comparison of resistance to ticks and implications for their strategic control in zimbabwe. | a comparison of the tick resistance of indigenous mashona and crossbred afrikander x sussex oxen following natural tick infestation indicated that significantly more african blue ticks boophilus decoloratus were found on the crossbred than the indigenous cattle (p < 0.05). the two groups of cattle were exposed to babesia bigemina and theileria taurotragi as indicated by high antibody titres on the indirect fluorescent antibody test, but no antibodies could be demonstrated to anaplasma marginale ... | 1992 | 1305338 |
| saliva-activated transmission (sat) of thogoto virus: dynamics of sat factor activity in the salivary glands of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum, and boophilus microplus ticks. | thogoto (tho) virus is transmitted from infected to uninfected ticks when co-feeding on uninfected guinea-pigs, even though the guinea-pigs do not develop a detectable viraemia. this form of non-viraemic transmission is potentiated by a factor(s) secreted by the saliva of ticks and hence has been termed saliva-activated transmission (sat). the synthesis of the sat factor by the salivary glands of three ixodid tick species was determined by placing uninfected nymphal ticks on guinea-pigs that wer ... | 1992 | 1326431 |
| comparative study of tick burdens in gudali and wakwa cattle under natural infestation in the subhumid highlands of wakwa, cameroon. preliminary observations. | the relative resistance to different cattle ticks of gudali and wakwa cattle with different levels of brahman breeding, grazed on natural pastures in the subhumid tropics of wakwa, cameroon, was assessed using pasture tick infestations. the basic design consisted of 5 young bulls of each breed from different sire herds. tick populations were observed in gudali and wakwa bulls over a period of four weeks when the climate was thought to be highly favourable for the free-living stages of ticks. cou ... | 1992 | 1339999 |
| transmission and diagnosis of equine babesiosis in south africa. | the transmission and prevalence of babesia equi and b. caballi are being studied. rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus an ixodid tick from namibia was identified as a new vector of b. equi, however, r. turanicus, previously reported to be a vector, failed to transmit both b. equi and b. caballi in the laboratory. the accurate diagnosis of b. caballi is being investigated because the nature of its low level parasitaemia does not allow easy detection in thin blood smears, routinely used for diagnosis, ... | 1992 | 1343683 |
| identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae using polymerase chain reaction and restriction-endonuclease length polymorphism analysis. | in order to facilitate the isolation and identification of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae from their tick vectors, we used the centrifugation shell vial technique or traditional isolation procedures and genotypic identification using the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain amplified fragments. the presence of rickettsia conorii both in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in southern france, and in rhipicephalus simus and haemaphysalis leachi from zim ... | 1992 | 1350164 |
| comparison of serologic typing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein analysis, and genetic restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for identification of rickettsiae: characterization of two new rickettsial strains. | in 1990, 17 adult rhipicephalus turanicus ticks were collected in the south of france. two spotted fever group rickettsiae, mtu1 and mtu5, were isolated from the hemolymphs of two of these ticks by the centrifugation shell-vial technique by using hel cells. these isolates were compared with reference spotted fever group rickettsial serotypes by using three identification methods: microimmunofluorescence serologic typing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and p ... | 1992 | 1354221 |
| [the ontogenetic variability of the morphometric traits of 2 species of ixodid ticks in the genus rhipicephalus]. | variability of 10 morphometric characters at all phases was investigated on laboratory cultures of r. turanicus and r. bursa. it has been shown that variability increases from phase to phase. r. turanicus nymphs of both sexes differ in the length of gnathostoma and length of the 1st tarsus. in nymphs of r. bursa sexual dimorphism manifests itself on 8 characters, in all cases sizes of organs are greater in female nymphs. besides, engorged female nymphs are reliably greater than male ones in leng ... | 1992 | 1364526 |
| histochemical changes in the midgut of two ixodid tick species boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus during digestion of the blood meal. | the changes in the midgut epithelia of two ixodid tick species, boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus, have been studied using several histochemical techniques. it was revealed that there is an accumulation of rna at the time of tick attachment to the host and prior to the arrival of the blood meal, indicating that the midgut digest cell is furnished with the machinery characteristic of a synthetic cell. there appears to be a synchrony in the appearance of granules with peroxidase ... | 1992 | 1373357 |
| immunization of guinea-pigs and cattle against adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks using semipurified nymphal homogenates and adult gut homogenate. | guinea-pigs inoculated with crude homogenate of unfed nymphs of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus and with three semipurified fractions of the homogenate obtained by gel permeation chromatography, acquired a significant degree of immunity to infestation with adults of this tick. fraction 2 induced the highest reduction (66%) in mean weight of engorged females followed by crude homogenate and fractions 1 and 3. calves immunized with crude homogenates of unfed nymphs, fraction 2 of nymphal hom ... | 1992 | 1375584 |
| evaluation of devices for removing attached rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae). | three types of forceps and a commercially available device, the tick solution, were used to remove adult brown dog ticks, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), from dogs. the tick solution proved least effective at removing ticks, requiring significantly more removal attempts compared with forcep-removal methods. medium-tipped angled forceps provided the best overall performance. other advantages and disadvantages of the devices are discussed. | 1992 | 1404275 |
| influence of exposure period and management methods on the effectiveness of chickens as predators of ticks infesting cattle. | experiments undertaken on rusinga island, kenya, indicated that rhipicephalus appendiculatus (neumann) was the predominant tick consumed on tick-infested cattle by chickens, followed by amblyomma variegatum (fabricius), boophilus decoloratus (koch) and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (neumann). the number of ticks consumed by chickens released with cattle in a 3 h release period was not significantly different from ticks consumed in a 4 h release period. in a free management system, chickens 1-3 m ... | 1992 | 1413461 |
| the transovarial transmission of babesia trautmanni by rhipicephalus simus to domestic pigs. | rhipicephalus simus was, for the first time, experimentally proven to be a transovarial vector of babesia trautmanni of domestic pigs. the nymphal and adult progeny of experimentally infected female ticks transmitted the infection to 2 susceptible splenectomized pigs. features of the infection included a prepatent period of 6-8 days post-tick infestation, a febrile reaction for 3 days and a maximum parasitaemia score of 15 (more than 6 parasites per 300 red blood cells). other clinical signs in ... | 1992 | 1437025 |
| the effects of nutritional status of rabbits and sheep on their resistance to the ticks rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and r. appendiculatus. | rabbits and sheep were exposed to low- and high-protein diets and subsequently infested three times with adults of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. the mean weight of r.e. evertsi females which dropped from rabbits maintained on a high-protein diet decreased from 515.0 +/- 24.9 mg (naive) to 381.5 +/- 25.0 (second infestation) to 340.3 +/- 23.3 mg (third infestation) while the weight of ticks fed on animals which were exposed to a low-protein diet did not change si ... | 1992 | 1446570 |
| the identification of a shared immunogen present in the salivary glands and gut of ixodid and argasid ticks. | the identification of a 70-kda immunogen present in salivary gland extracts of several ixodid species, namely hyalomma truncatum (sweating-sickness-inducing (ss+) and non-inducing (ss-) strains), hyalomma marginatum rufipes and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, is reported. the immunogen was identified by western blots using a monoclonal antibody of the igm isotype directed against a 70-kda immunogen present in the salivary glands of (ss-) female h. truncatum ticks. cross-reactivity with the gut of ... | 1992 | 1446571 |
| differentiation of rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae) by gas chromatography of cuticular hydrocarbons. | gas chromatography of the cuticular hydrocarbons of 4 species of ticks belonging to the genus rhipicephalus (r. sanguineus, r. turanicus, r. pusillus, and r. bursa) showed a unique pattern for each taxon. the hydrocarbon fractions were composed of a mixture of straight-chain, terminally methylated, and internally branched alkanes; however, only a small quantity of alkenes was detected. freshly collected, dried, and alcohol-stored specimens of r. sanguineus were analyzed and their patterns found ... | 1992 | 1491312 |
| tick (acari: ixodidae) attachment cement and salivary gland cells contain similar immunoreactive polypeptides. | a specific antiserum (12c) raised to a 90-kda immunogenic component of salivary glands of the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus recognized similar 90-kda polypeptides from salivary glands of the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, as well as 70-kda polypeptides in the cement of d. variabilis, a. americanum, and r. sanguineus (brown dog tick). the reduction in size of the polypeptide for these ticks suggests that it is modified in some way duri ... | 1992 | 1495047 |
| transformation of theileria parva derived from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) by tick passage in cattle and its use in infection and treatment immunization. | a sporozoite stabilate (st. 199) of theileria parva was obtained by feeding nymphal rhipicephalus appendiculatus on an african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and was used to immunize cattle by the infection and treatment method. nymphal ticks were applied to one of the steers 90 days later and it was shown that the resultant adult tick had become infected. using tick/cattle passage, two passage lines of t. parva were established. by the fifth tick/cattle passage, the parasite stocks had changed their ... | 1992 | 1496792 |
| studies on naturally acquired immunity to african ticks. ii. observations on cattle exposed to rhipicephalus appendiculatus under varying periods of repeated infestations. | groups of friesian cattle were infested repeatedly with rhipicephalus appendiculatus at weekly intervals (eight infestations) and at intervals of 3 weeks (seven infestations) and 6 weeks (seven infestations). the engorgement weight of adults, nymphs and larvae decreased significantly initially, from the second infestation, but rose significantly at later infestations. this rise was more dramatic with larval instars than with any other. a new method for quantifying the resistance status of animal ... | 1992 | 1502791 |
| anaplasmosis in uganda. iii. parasitological and serological evidence of anaplasma infection in ugandan goats. | randomly selected goat sera from north-western, central, and south-western regions of uganda were analyzed parasitologically and serologically for evidence of anaplasmosis. prevalence rates of 3.2% by parasitemia, 4.8% by card-agglutination test, and 12.9% by dot-elisa combined with western blotting were established. parasitologically positive samples were consistently serologically positive. positive samples were all from either the north-western or south-western regions of the country. goats i ... | 1992 | 1513596 |