| field study of the relationship between skin-sensitizing antibody production in the cottontail rabbit, sylvilagus floridanus, and infestation by the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acri: ixodidae). | the resistance of cottontail rabbits to tick feeding appears correlated with the rabbits' development of skin-sensitizing antibodies. resistance appeared to be greatest in adult rabbits which had been repeatedly infested with ticks. rabbits with little exposure to ticks, usually the young cottontails, showed little or no skin-sensitizing antibody present in their blood and usually had relatively high tick loads when compared with adult rabbits. models used to interpret the data show promise as t ... | 1979 | 512764 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from coastal virginia. | ixodid ticks removed from hosts and from vegetation during march-november 1987 at sites in coastal virginia and north carolina were examined for borrelia burgdorferi. b. burgdorferi was evident in nine (22%) ixodes cookei packard removed from rice rats (oryzomys palustris), a white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), and raccoons (procyon lotor); four (6%) amblyomma americanum (l.) removed from raccoons; and two (3%) dermacentor variabilis (say) removed from a raccoon and a rice rat. b. burgdorf ... | 1991 | 1941936 |
| spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california. | in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ... | 1988 | 3280837 |
| rickettsia-like organisms in ticks and antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in mammals from northern mississippi. | studies were conducted from april through august during 1974 and 1975 on 30 randomly selected trapping sites in wall doxey state park, holly springs national forest, and 1.6 km south of the park in marshall county, mississippi to provide information on the occurrence of ticks involved in the maintenance and transmission of spotted fever-group rickettsiae in nature. of 365 animals (14 species) collected, 186 (51%) were parasitized by 4,169 ticks. species of ticks collected included: dermacentor v ... | 1985 | 3923212 |
| spirochete from the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). i. isolation and preliminary characterization. | an unidentified spirochete, referred to as the 277f agent, was isolated from haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks from two cottontail rabbits by inoculation of the tick suspension into embryonated chicken eggs. because of its minute width (0.1 mu), the organism was difficult to see when stained by the giemsa method, but was readily demonstrated by silver impregnation or fluorescent-antibody procedures. in dark-field microscopy, the spirochetes appeared uniformly and rather tightly coiled, and ex ... | 1968 | 4171295 |
| reproduction in ticks (acari: ixodoidea). 3. copulation in dermacentor occidentalis marx and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) (ixodidae). | | 1974 | 4833860 |
| ultrastructural changes in the nymphal salivary glands of the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, during feeding. | | 1971 | 5097117 |
| drop-off rhythms of engorged rabbit ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard, 1896) (acari: ixodidae). | | 1971 | 5160246 |
| ecology of tick vectors of american spotted fever. | the author reviews the natural history of the tick vectors of american spotted fever. the discussion concerns the ecology of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni, the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, and the lone-star tick, amblyomma americanum, all of which are proven vectors of rocky mountain spotted fever to man. also included are the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris and dermacentor parumapertus, which very rarely bite man but which are considered of import ... | 1969 | 5306621 |
| avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut. | spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ... | 1984 | 6516460 |
| pheromone-induced aggregation of ixodid ticks before host contact. | the presence of a pre-feeding aggregation pheromone was demonstrated in the species dermacentor variabilis, dermacentor andersoni, dermacentor parumapertus, amblyomma americanum and haemaphysalis leporispalustris by assay within a petri dish. however, amblyomma maculatum and amblyomma cajennense did not aggregate in the sector containing discs of presumed pheromone within the hour period. d. andersoni and a. americanum recognized each other's pheromone and a. americanum recognized that of h. lep ... | 1983 | 6683667 |
| relationship between skin-sensitizing antibody production in the eastern cottontail, sylvilagus floridanus, and infestations by the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, and the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | | 1982 | 7086855 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from small and medium-sized kansas mammals. | seven species of hard-bodied ticks were collected from 20 species of small and medium-sized mammals in kansas; amblyomma americanum l., dermacentor variabilis (say), haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes cookei packard, i. kingi bishopp, i. sculptus neumann, and i. texanus banks. dermacentor variabilis was found statewide, a. americanum only in the eastern one-third of the state, and the ixodes spp. and h. leporispalustris were widely scattered. the most common tick found was d. varia ... | 1994 | 8057327 |
| spring migratory birds (aves) extend the northern occurrence of blacklegged tick (acari:ixodidae). | birds that had migrated northward across lake superior were captured upon reaching landfall at thunder cape (48 degrees 18' n, 88 degrees 56' w) at the southwestern tip of the sibley peninsula, northwestern ontario, from 9 may to 9 june 1995. twenty-one of 530 birds examined (6 of 55 species) had a total of 34 ticks; 1 blue jay, cyanocitta cristata, had a northern fowl mite, ornithonyssus sylviarum (canestrini & fanzago). four blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, larvae were found on an amer ... | 1996 | 8699451 |
| lyme disease spirochetes in ticks collected from birds in midwestern united states. | in a tick-spirochete survey conducted from all 1989 through fall 1992 in north-western wisconsin, 4,256 birds (composed of 91 species) were examined for ticks. infestations were recorded for 400 birds (composed of 30 species). of 1,184 ticks taken from 335 birds (composed of 26 species), 60 (5%) haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) from 8 species of birds were infected with the lyme disease spirochete. borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner. similar surveys conduct ... | 1996 | 8667384 |
| phylogenetic placement of rickettsiae from the ticks amblyomma americanum and ixodes scapularis. | a rickettsial isolate (isolate moaa) belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) was obtained from the lone star tick amblyomma americanum. we used pcr to characterize the genes for the rickettsial outer membrane proteins rompa and rompb. we sequenced the pcr products (domains i of both the rompa gene and the rompb gene) of moaa and wb-8-2, another rickettsial isolate from a. americanum. to place moaa and wb-8-2 and two other nonpathogenic isolates (rickettsia rickettsii hip2 and rickettsia monta ... | 1998 | 9574696 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting medium-sized wild mammals in southwestern tennessee. | seven species of ixodid ticks (n = 2,661) were found on medium-sized wild mammals (n = 295) during a 13-mo study in shelby county, tennessee. the seven tick species collected were dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille), ixodes texanus (banks), i. cookei (packard), i. scapularis (say), and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). the raccoon had the greatest tick species diversity in all of the aforementioned ticks except h. leporispalustris ... | 1993 | 8254637 |
| isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete, from rabbit ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris--alberta. | | 1995 | 7620455 |
| ticks of south carolina (acari: ixodoidea). | county and host records are reported for 19 species of ticks from south carolina: amblyomma americanum, amblyomma maculatum, amblyomma tuberculatum, aponomma latum, boophilus annulatus, boophilus microplus, dermacentor albipictus, dermacentor variablis, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes affinis, ixodes brunneus, ixodes cookei, ixodes marxi, ixodes minor, ixodes scapularis, ixodes texanus, ixodes woodi, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and ornithodoros capensis. ixodes woodi is recorded from south ... | 1999 | 10672552 |
| prevalence of lyme disease borrelia spp. in ticks from migratory birds on the japanese mainland. | borrelia sp. prevalence in ticks on migratory birds was surveyed in central japan. in autumn, a total of 1,733 birds representing 40 species were examined for ticks. a total of 361 ticks were obtained from 173 birds of 15 species, and these ticks were immature haemaphysalis flava (94.4%), haemaphysalis longicornis, ixodes columnae, ixodes persulcatus, ixodes turdus, and an unidentified ixodes species. of these, 27 juveniles of h. flava on turdus pallidus, turdus cardis, or emberiza spodocephala, ... | 2000 | 10698761 |
| tick infestations of birds in coastal georgia and alabama. | mist-netted birds were examined for ticks on jekyll island, glynn co., georgia (32 bird species) in 1996-1998, and at fort morgan, baldwin co., alabama (36 species) in 1998 during fall migration. sixty-two (14.7%) of 423 birds from jekyll island and 22 (13.3%) of 165 birds from fort morgan were infested with ticks. the mean number of ticks per infested bird was 2.0 on jekyll island and 6.3 at fort morgan. ten species of birds were infested with ticks on jekyl1 island where 87% of all ticks were ... | 2000 | 10780541 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) and spirochetes (spirochaetaceae: spirochaetales) recovered from birds on a georgia barrier island. | from september 1997 through july 1999, 300 individuals and 46 species of birds were mist-netted and screened for ticks and spirochetes on st. catherine's island, liberty county, ga. seventy-six (25%) of the birds were parasitized by a meal intensity of 4.6 ticks. seasonally, more birds were infested with ticks during the summer (50% in 1998, 34% in 1999) than in spring (15% in 1998, 11% in 1999) or fall (21% in 1997, 20% in 1998), mainly because of severe infestations on some birds by immature s ... | 2001 | 11296828 |
| ectoparasites collected from bobwhite quail in the southeastern united states. | twenty-one species of ectoparasites representing 19 genera were collected from 481 bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from nine areas in four southeastern states. sixteen species, amblyomma americanum, haemaphysalis chordeilis, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, eutrombicula alfreddugesi alfreddugesi, neoschoengastia americana, boydaia colini, pterolichus sp., colinophilus wilsoni, megninia sp., apionacarus wilsoni, colinoptes cubanensis, menacanthus pricei, colinicola numidiana, gonoides ortygis ... | 1980 | 7463603 |
| metazoan parasites of the eastern cottontail rabbit in western kentucky. | forty-five eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus allen), collected over a 15 mo period from two areas of western kentucky, were examined for disease conditions, helminth and arthropod parasites. a single lymphosarcoma, two cutaneous papillomas and the following parasites were identified: hasstilesia tricolor, taenia pisiformis, cittotaenia variabilis, raillietina stilesiella, obeliscoides cuniculi, trichuris leporis, longistriata noviberiae, trichostrongylus calcaratus, dermatoxys ve ... | 1983 | 6842731 |
| relative importance of lizards and mammals as hosts for ixodid ticks in northern california. | abstract lizards and mammals were trapped and examined for ticks from august 1992 to june 1993 in two habitat types, chaparral and woodland-grass, in northern california. five tick species were collected from mammals (dermacentor occidentalis, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes pacificus, i. spinipalpis, i. woodi), but only i. pacificus was found on lizards. dermacentor occidentalis, i. pacificus, and i. woodi occurred in both habitats, whereas h. leporispalustris and i. spinipalpis were fou ... | 2002 | 12475082 |
| occurrence of 2,6-dichlorophenol in dermacentor albipictus and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acari: ixodidae). | | 1983 | 6827568 |
| identification of an isolate of rickettsia canada from california. | a strain of rickettsia canada was recovered in 1980 an adult rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, taken from a black-tailed jack rabbit, lepus californicus, in mendocino county, california. in all examined biologic characteristics, this isolate, ca410, is indistinguishable from the prototype, strain 2678, isolated in ontario, canada, in 1963. these similarities include serologic and immunologic reactivity in laboratory mice and guinea pigs, cultural characteristics in vero cells, chick e ... | 1982 | 6756179 |
| biochemical and immunochemical analysis of rickettsia rickettsii strains of various degrees of virulence. | six strains of rickettsia rickettsii from montana and north carolina were examined in an effort to identify rickettsial constituents associated with virulence. fever responses, scrotal reactions, and mortalities of male guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with 1,000 pfu of rickettsial strains revealed that the two montana patient strains ( sheila smith and norgaard ) and one montana strain ( sawtooth female 2) from the wood tick, dermacentor andersoni, could be placed in the group of highes ... | 1984 | 6427110 |
| characterization and taxonomic status of tick spiroplasmas: a review. | three serologically distinct groups of spiroplasmas have been recovered from ticks. spiroplasma mirum strains (from rabbit ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris) and y32 group (vi) spiroplasmas (from ixodes pacificus) are the only spiroplasmas to have a clear association with these arthropods. group (vi) spiroplasmas are distinguished by an unusual nonhelical morphology and their capacity to hemadsorb guinea pig erythrocytes. s. mirum strains are unique in their ability to induce cataracts or le ... | 1983 | 6382825 |
| genotypic diversity of francisella tularensis infecting dermacentor variabilis ticks on martha's vineyard, massachusetts. | martha's vineyard, mass., has been the site of two outbreaks of tularemia (1978 and 2000). although most patients from both outbreaks presented with pneumonic disease and although aerosol transmission has been suggested, the bite of a dog tick and exposure to rabbits remain the only proven modes of transmission. the factors that precipitated the tularemia outbreaks or the proximal determinants of human risk remain undescribed. we sought to test the hypothesis that the ongoing outbreak is due to ... | 2004 | 15528681 |
| detection of a spotted fever group rickettsia in the tick haemaphysalis juxtakochi in rondonia, brazil. | the tick genus haemaphysalis is represented by four species in the new world, of which only the species haemaphysalis leporispalustris has been associated with rickettsiae. the present study reports for the first time the presence of a rickettsia strain in the tick haemaphysalis juxtakochi. a free-living male of h. juxtakochi, collected in the state of rondonia, western amazon, brazil, was subjected to dna extraction and tested by pcr targeting the four rickettsial genes: glta, 17-kda, ompa and ... | 2004 | 15631911 |
| molecular differentiation of metastriate tick immatures. | hard ticks, family ixodidae, are divided into two groups, the metastriata and the prostriata, based on morphological differences. in the united states, there are four medically important genera of the ixodidae: ixodes, amblyomma, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus. ixodes is the only genus in and representative of the prostriata, whereas the latter three genera are members of the metastriata. all developmental stages of the prostriata can be easily differentiated from the metastriata using morpholog ... | 2004 | 15682516 |
| the roles of birds, lizards, and rodents as hosts for the western black-legged tick ixodes pacificus. | we compared the infestation by ixodid ticks of lizards, rodents, and birds collected simultaneously within areas representing common habitat types in mendocino county, ca. lizards were infested only by ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls, birds by i. pacificus and haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), and rodents by i. pacificus, i. spinipalpis hadwen and nuttall, i. woodi bishopp, dermacentor occidentalis marx, and d. variabilis (say). infestation by i. pacificus larvae and nymphs of lizards ... | 2004 | 15709249 |
| rickettsia canada: a new member of the typhus group of rickettsiae isolated from haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks in canada. | | 1967 | 6039198 |
| critical temperature and changes in cuticular lipids in the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris. | | 1974 | 4839345 |
| rabbit immunity to the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acari: ixodidae). i. the development of resistance. | | 1974 | 4455913 |
| the susceptibility of muskrats and snowshoe hares to experimental infection with a chlamydial agent. | muskrats (ondatra zibethicus) and snowshoe hares (lepus americanus) were exposed experimentally by various routes to a chlamydial agent (designated strain m56) originally isolated during a die-off of muskrats and snowshoe hares which occurred in saskatchewan during 1961. both species were susceptible to experimental infection. whereas m56 was highly lethal for snowshoe hares (18 deaths/19 exposed), it was less virulent for muskrats (6 deaths/20 exposed). the degree of susceptibility of muskrats ... | 1970 | 4246008 |
| detection of babesia and anaplasma species in rabbits from texas and georgia, usa. | rabbits have been shown to harbor a suite of zoonotic organisms, including a babesia species, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. in this study, we conducted a molecular survey for various tick-borne pathogens in three species of rabbits from texas and georgia. of 18 black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus) tested from texas, six (28%) were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for babesia, and nucleotide sequencing revealed two distinct species or strains. two jackrabbi ... | 2006 | 16584322 |
| the effect of humidity on the oviposition and larval mortality of haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard, 1869) (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. | oviposition, reproductive and nutritional efficiency indices (rei and nei), eclosion and larvae mortality of haemaphysalis leporispalustris were studied under controlled conditions, inside desiccators, at constant temperatures of 25+/-1 degrees c and relative humidity (rh) levels adjusted at 30, 50, 70 and 95%. fourth generation tick specimens, originated from a colony fed on rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus), were used. the experiment was conducted between jul/1999 and jan/2001. the pre-ovipositi ... | 2006 | 16834897 |
| relationship between skin-sensitizing antibody production in the snowshoe hare, lepus americanus, and infestations by the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acari: ixodidae). | | 1985 | 4032154 |
| isolation and identification of rickettsia rickettsii from the rabbit tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris) in the atlantic zone of costa rica. | during the ecological studies done in costa rica on rocky mountain spotted fever, we have been able to isolate 2 strains of rickettsiae from the rabbit tick haemaphysalis leporispalustris, indistinguishable from r. rickettsii isolated from humans in our country. moreover, serological evidence of this agent was demonstrated in convalescent guinea pigs and in the sera of the wild rabbit (sylvilagus braziliensis). | 1985 | 3923853 |
| real-time pcr for francisella tularensis types a and b. | | 2006 | 17283646 |
| ectoparasites of sympatric cottontails (sylvilagus audubonii nelson) and jack rabbits (lepus californicus mearns) from the high plains of eastern new mexico. | eight species of ectoparasites were recovered from 35 sylvilagus audubonii and 35 lepus californicus occurring sympatrically near the clovis-portales area of eastern new mexico. recovered were anoplura (haemodipsus setoni), diptera (cuterebra lepusculi and cuterebra ruficrus), siphonaptera (echidnophaga gallinacea and euhoplopsyllus glacialis), and acari (ornithodoros parkeri, dermacentor parumapertus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris). jaccard's index showed a 50% ectoparasitic overlap with h ... | 1988 | 3418460 |
| [the taxonomic aspects of the transmission of the causative agent of lyme disease]. | according to world literature data 17 species of ixodid ticks have been studied for natural infection with the lyme disease agent. analysis of the data on the level of the infection, transovarial and transphase transmission has shown that main biological vectors of borrelia burgdorferi are the species of the subgenus ixodes s. str. - i. ricinus, i. persulcatus (eurasia), i. dammini, i. pacificus (north america). potential vectors are i. scapularis, i. dentatus, amblyomma americanum, dermacentor ... | 1990 | 2259524 |
| interaction of the tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris) with a cyclic snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) population. | prevalence and intensity of the tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, were monitored during 1963 to 1976 in a cyclic snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) population near rochester, alberta, canada. prevalence was near zero from december through march, and near 100% among adult hares from may through september. prevalence among juvenile hares approached 100% by age 2 mo. intensity peaked for both adults and juveniles during may-june and again in august. mean intensities were significantly higher amon ... | 1990 | 2250317 |
| molecular characterization of rickettsia rickettsii isolated from human clinical samples and from the rabbit tick haemaphysalis leporispalustris collected at different geographic zones in costa rica. | five strains of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae previously isolated from human clinical cases and from the tick haemaphysalis leporispalustris were used for molecular characterization in this study to establish their genetic relationship compared with the prototype rickettsia rickettsii strain sheila smith. samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the rickettsial genes gtla, ompa, and ompb. pcr products of the latter two genes were dna sequenced and compared with av ... | 2008 | 19052300 |
| ectoparasites of the blackbuck antelope (antilope cervicapra). | fifty-two free-ranging blackbuck antelope (antilope cervicapra) from texas were examined for ectoparasites. two species of sucking lice (anoplura), one species of chewing louse (mallophaga), one species of louse fly (diptera), and three species of ticks (acari) were found. this is the first report of the anoplurans linognathus cervicaprae and l. pithodes from the western hemisphere. the southern deer ked (lipoptena mazamae), the winter tick (dermacentor albipictus), and the rabbit tick (haemaphy ... | 1992 | 1512888 |
| rickettsia phylogenomics: unwinding the intricacies of obligate intracellular life. | completed genome sequences are rapidly increasing for rickettsia, obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria responsible for various human diseases, including epidemic typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever. in light of phylogeny, the establishment of orthologous groups (ogs) of open reading frames (orfs) will distinguish the core rickettsial genes and other group specific genes (class 1 ogs or c1ogs) from those distributed indiscriminately throughout the rickettsial tree (class 2 og or c2ogs) ... | 2008 | 19194535 |
| tick sweep: modification of the tick drag-flag method for sampling nymphs of the deer tick (acari: ixodidae). | we describe a version of the standard tick drag-flag modified for use in close-growing and tangled vegetation, as well as under ornamental shrubbery and fallen branches. two major features of the sweep are: (1) it allows the user to remain upright with the flag parallel to the ground, thus sampling effectively beneath low and fallen branches and around shrubs, as well as capturing host-seeking ticks in advance of the operator; and (2) the use of a flannel rubberized-laminate fabric (crib sheet) ... | 1992 | 1495058 |
| parasites of cottontail rabbits of southern illinois. | fifteen species of parasites including haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes dentatus, amblyomma americanum, cediopsylla simplex, odontopsyllus multispinosus, cuterebra sp., obeliscoides cuniculi, trichostrongylus calcaratus, trichostrongylus affinis, longistriata noviberiae, dermatoxys veligera, trichuris sp., mosgovoyia sp., taenia pisiformis, and hasstilesia tricolor as well as coccidia oocysts were collected from 96 cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) confined to a pen in southern il ... | 1992 | 1491303 |
| climbing behavior and host-finding larval rabbit ticks (haemaphysalis leporispalustris). | the rabbit tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris) is highly host-specific. adults feed almost exclusively on rabbits. immatures feed primarily on rabbits but will attack birds. when larvae leave the daytime resting form of the rabbit, they climb up to a position on vegetation where they can encounter a host. experiments using glass rod models to represent vegetation showed that ticks selected a position which had greatest substrate curvature and was at rabbit body height. this strato-orientation ... | 1978 | 722459 |
| development, survival, and oviposition of the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard) (acari: ixodidae), at constant temperatures. | the relationship between development, survival, and oviposition rates, and five constant temperatures is described for the developing and reproductive life stages of the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). development was most rapid at 29.7 c for egg and larvae, and 35.6 c for nymphs. survival was greatest between 14.7 and 29.7 c, but was reduced at 35.6 c for eggs and larvae. oviposition was optimal between 19.9 and 29.7 c with a maximum mean daily oviposition of 253 eggs/fem ... | 1979 | 512768 |
| ticks (acari: ixodida) uncommonly found biting humans in north carolina. | collection records are presented that document human-biting by otobius megnini, amblyomma maculatum, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes cookei, ixodes dentatus, and rhipicephalus sanguineus in north carolina. these species are either extremely rare in north carolina or they are normally considered non-human feeders. the record of otobius megnini represents the first collection of this species in north carolina in over 50 years. it is proposed that immature rhipicephalus sanguineus feed on hu ... | 1997 | 9221733 |
| risk of human exposure to vector ticks (acari: ixodidae) in a heavily used recreational area in northern california. | the risk of humans encountering vector ticks along hiking trails or in picnic grounds in a lyme disease-endemic area was evaluated in a multipurpose recreational area (tilden regional park) in the populous san francisco bay region of california. four hillside hiking trails (two high-use, two low-use) were sampled by dragging and walking through low vegetation biweekly for one year; four heavily used picnic areas were sampled concurrently by dragging. adults of three human-biting ticks were enume ... | 1996 | 8780455 |
| population dynamics of immature amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae) and other ectoparasites on meadowlarks and northern bobwhite quail resident to the coastal prairie of texas. | a survey of ectoparasites from 219 meadowlarks conducted during 2 consecutive fall-winter periods in a coastal prairie found immature amblyomma maculatum koch to be the most abundant parasite. peak larval infestations occurred in december with 80-100% of collected birds infested and with a monthly mean of up to 34 larvae per bird. peak nymphal infestations occurred in february or march with 95-100% of birds infested and with a monthly mean of up to 11 nymphs per bird. seasonal dynamics of these ... | 1998 | 9701932 |
| geographic distribution of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in michigan, with emphasis on ixodes scapularis and borrelia burgdorferi. | a 12-yr (1985-1996) passive survey in michigan based upon tick submissions from citizens yielded 4,755 ticks of 21 species, 16 of which were probably indigenous in the state. three species of dermacentor [most common, d. variabilis say and d. albipictus (packard)]; 2 species of amblyomma [most common, a. americanum (l.)]; and 12 species of ixodes (most common, i. cookei packard and i. scapularis say), as well as haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, and th ... | 1998 | 9775623 |
| quantitative analyses of variations in the injury of endothelial cells elicited by 11 isolates of rickettsia rickettsii. | eleven isolates of spotted fever group rickettsiae from the blood of patients or ixodid ticks from north and south america were characterized. all isolates were identified as rickettsia rickettsii using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a 532-bp rompa gene fragment obtained by pcr. the ability of the r. rickettsii isolates to elicit cytopathic effects and parameters of oxidative injury were examined in cultured human ea.hy 926 endothelial cells. cytopathic effects were determi ... | 2001 | 11427428 |
| birds and their ticks in northwestern california: minimal contribution to borrelia burgdorferi enzootiology. | birds and their attendant ticks were surveyed for infection with the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, in chaparral and woodland-grass habitats in northwestern california from march to july, 1998 to 1999. in total, 234 birds were captured and recaptured (15%); nearly 2.5 times more birds were captured in chaparral than in woodland-grass. overall, 34 species representing 15 families were collected during this study; of these, 24 species were caught in chaparral, 19 in woodland-grass, ... | 2001 | 11534638 |
| host associations and seasonal occurrence of haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes brunneus, i. cookei, i. dentatus, and i. texanus (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | hemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes brunneus koch, ixodes cookei packard, ixodes dentatus marx, and ixodes texanus banks were collected during a 3-yr study of pathogen-tick-host interactions in southeastern missouri. h. leporispalustris was collected from the eastern cottontail rabbit, northern bobwhite, and carolina wren, and it was active all year. i. brunneus was collected by drag and from passerine birds during december, march, and april. i. cookei was collected from raccoons and ... | 2003 | 12597662 |
| "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae" in ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in russia. | we collected 209 ixodes persulcatus ticks in various regions of russia, including the southern urals and western and eastern siberia. using pcr amplification and sequencing of the citrate synthase-encoding gene (glta), we detected a new rickettsial genotype, which we named "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae." this bacterium was found in 9.27%, 10.0%, and 20.5% of the ticks collected in western siberia, eastern siberia, and the southern urals, respectively. "candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae" ... | 2003 | 12860621 |
| enzootic transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis among cottontail rabbits. | to determine whether the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) (anaplasma phagocytophilum) may be maintained in a parallel enzootic cycle between cottontail rabbits and their ticks, we sampled these hosts from a zoonotic site during five transmission seasons. evidence of infection was sought by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction from rabbit blood or splenic tissue, and from ticks collected from rabbits or from vegetation. approximately 27% of all rabbits sampled contained evidence ... | 2003 | 12887018 |
| enzootic transmission of anaplasma bovis in nantucket cottontail rabbits. | serological studies of cottontail rabbits sampled from nantucket island, mass., have suggested exposure to at least two ehrlichiae. the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum) is intensely enzootic in rabbits there, but the identity of the other ehrlichial infection remains undescribed. we sampled rabbits over five transmission seasons and tested their blood and tissues for evidence of infection using pcr targeting an ehrlichia genus-wide 16s rdna target. sequence an ... | 2003 | 12904385 |
| birds, migration and emerging zoonoses: west nile virus, lyme disease, influenza a and enteropathogens. | wild birds are important to public health because they carry emerging zoonotic pathogens, either as a reservoir host or by dispersing infected arthropod vectors. in addition, bird migration provides a mechanism for the establishment of new endemic foci of disease at great distances from where an infection was acquired. birds are central to the epidemiology of west nile virus (wnv) because they are the main amplifying host of the virus in nature. the initial spread of wnv in the u.s. along the ea ... | 2003 | 15931279 |
| tularemia, lawn mowers, and rabbits' nests. | | 2005 | 16082010 |
| major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in canada. | in canada, the emergence of vector-borne diseases may occur via international movement and subsequent establishment of vectors and pathogens, or via northward spread from endemic areas in the usa. re-emergence of endemic vector-borne diseases may occur due to climate-driven changes to their geographic range and ecology. lyme disease, west nile virus (wnv), and other vector-borne diseases were identified as priority emerging non-enteric zoonoses in canada in a prioritization exercise conducted by ... | 2015 | 26954882 |
| abundance and infection rates of ixodes scapularis nymphs collected from residential properties in lyme disease-endemic areas of connecticut, maryland, and new york. | | 2015 | 26047204 |
| tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. | during most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. an element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. in this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. this concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identif ... | 2005 | 16223955 |
| coltiviruses and seadornaviruses in north america, europe, and asia. | coltiviruses are tickborne viruses of the genus coltivirus. the type species, colorado tick fever virus (from north america), has been isolated from patients with flulike syndromes, meningitis, encephalitis, and other severe complications. another coltivirus, eyach virus, has been isolated from ticks in france and germany and incriminated in febrile illnesses and neurologic syndromes. seadornaviruses are endemic in southeast asia, particularly indonesia and china. the prototype virus of the genu ... | 2005 | 16318717 |
| lyme disease risk in southern california: abiotic and environmental drivers of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) density and infection prevalence with borrelia burgdorferi. | tick-borne diseases, particularly lyme disease, are emerging across the northern hemisphere. in order to manage emerging diseases and predict where emergence will likely occur, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing the distribution, abundance and infection prevalence of vector species. in north america, lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease and is transmitted by blacklegged ticks. this study aimed to explore the abiotic and environmental drivers of density and infe ... | 2017 | 28057067 |
| the low seroprevalence of tick-transmitted agents of disease in dogs from southern ontario and quebec. | infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout north america. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern ontario and quebec. samples submitted to the vector borne disease diagnostic laboratory (vbddl) at the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine were evaluated for antibodies to ... | 2006 | 17217089 |
| update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
| wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) as a host of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in california state parks. | rio grande wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were evaluated as potential hosts of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]) in three state parks in sonoma county, california, usa, during 2003 and 2004. in total, 113 birds were collected, 50 (44.2%) of which were found to be infested by 361 ixodid ticks representing three species: the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus, n=248), the rabbit tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris, n= ... | 2006 | 17255442 |
| host specificity in a diverse neotropical tick community: an assessment using quantitative network analysis and host phylogeny. | host specificity is a fundamental determinant of tick population and pathogen transmission dynamics, and therefore has important implications for human health. tick host specificity is expected to be particularly high in the tropics, where communities of ticks, hosts and pathogens are most diverse. yet the degree to which tropical tick species are host-specific remains poorly understood. combining new field data with published records, we assessed the specificity of tick-host associations in pan ... | 2016 | 27357506 |
| ticks and rickettsiae from wildlife in belize, central america. | the agents of spotted fevers in latin america are rickettsia rickettsii, r. parkeri, rickettsia sp. strain atlantic rainforest, and r. massiliae. in continental central america, r. rickettsii remains the only known pathogenic tick-borne rickettsia. in the present study, ticks were collected from wild mammals in natural areas of belize. besides providing new data of ticks from belize, we investigated rickettsial infection in some of these ticks. our results provide ticks harboring rickettsial age ... | 2016 | 26831147 |
| molecular ecological insights into neotropical bird-tick interactions. | in the tropics, ticks parasitize many classes of vertebrate hosts. however, because many tropical tick species are only identifiable in the adult stage, and these adults usually parasitize mammals, most attention on the ecology of tick-host interactions has focused on mammalian hosts. in contrast, immature neotropical ticks are often found on wild birds, yet difficulties in identifying immatures hinder studies of birds' role in tropical tick ecology and tick-borne disease transmission. in panama ... | 2016 | 27203693 |
| importation of exotic ticks and tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae into the united states by migrating songbirds. | birds are capable of carrying ticks and, consequently, tick-transmitted microorganisms over long distances and across geographical barriers such as oceans and deserts. ticks are hosts for several species of spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr), which can be transmitted to vertebrates during blood meals. in this study, the prevalence of this group of rickettsiae was examined in ticks infesting migratory songbirds by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). during the 2009 and 2010 spring migratio ... | 2013 | 24252263 |
| proteomic screening of antigenic proteins from the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. for detection of antigens from haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-de) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. reactivity bands and 2-de immunoblotting were performed following 2-de electrophoresis t ... | 2015 | 25748713 |
| molecular typing of isolates of rickettsia rickettsii by use of dna sequencing of variable intergenic regions. | rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, is found throughout the americas, where it is associated with different animal reservoirs and tick vectors. no molecular typing system currently exists to allow for the robust differentiation of isolates of r. rickettsii. analysis of eight completed genome sequences of rickettsial species revealed a high degree of sequence conservation within the coding regions of chromosomes in the genus. intergenic regions between codi ... | 2007 | 17553977 |
| [influence of aggregation on the molting process of haemaphysalis leporispalustris (acari: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions]. | the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of different aggregations on the molting process of the nidicoulus ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris. tick-naïve domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) were used as experimental hosts for the parasitic phase. all free-living phases were kept into 4.5 ml glass vials in incubators at 27+/-1 degrees c, 80+/-15% relative humidity and scotophase. the periods of pre-molt, molt, percentage of ecdisis and molting pattern of larvae and nymphs ... | 2007 | 17588323 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in multiple hard tick species from fairfax county, virginia. | spotted fever group rickettsiosis (sfgr) is a potentially fatal disease that has displayed increasing incidence in the united states in recent years. the most well-known and severe type of this disease is rocky mountain spotted fever, but there are other mild forms that occur. recently, human infection with rickettsia parkeri has been reported and linked with the tick amblyomma maculatum. in 2010, a population of r. parkeri-infected a. maculatum was discovered in fairfax county, virginia, leadin ... | 2014 | 24978651 |
| phylogeography of rickettsia rickettsii genotypes associated with fatal rocky mountain spotted fever. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), a tick-borne zoonosis caused by rickettsia rickettsii, is among the deadliest of all infectious diseases. to identify the distribution of various genotypes of r. rickettsii associated with fatal rmsf, we applied molecular typing methods to samples of dna extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 103 case-patients from seven countries who died of rmsf. complete sequences of one or more intergenic regions were am ... | 2014 | 24957541 |
| role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of ixodes scapularis ticks and of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in canada. | during the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories in eastern canada to investigate the role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, ixodes scapularis. the prevalence of birds carrying i. scapularis ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.30 to 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested a more realistic infe ... | 2008 | 18245258 |
| associations of passerine birds, rabbits, and ticks with borrelia miyamotoi and borrelia andersonii in michigan, u.s.a. | wild birds contribute to maintenance and dissemination of vectors and microbes, including those that impact human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. here we elucidate roles of wild passerine birds, eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus), and ixodes dentatus ticks in enzootic cycles of two spirochetes, borrelia miyamotoi and b. andersonii in a region of michigan where the zoonotic pathogen b. burgdorferi co-circulates. | 2012 | 23057837 |
| experimental infection of the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris, with the bacterium rickettsia rickettsii, and comparative biology of infected and uninfected tick lineages. | the present study consisted of two experiments that evaluated experimental infections of haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks by a brazilian strain of rickettsia rickettsii, and their effect on tick biology. in experiment i, ticks were exposed to r. rickettsii during the larval, nymphal or adult stages by feeding on rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) needle-inoculated with r. rickettsii, and thereafter reared on uninfected rabbits for the entire next tick generation. regardless of the tick stage th ... | 2009 | 19067185 |
| diverse borrelia burgdorferi strains in a bird-tick cryptic cycle. | the blacklegged tick ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of the most prevalent vector-borne zoonosis in north america, lyme disease (ld). enzootic maintenance of the pathogen borrelia burgdorferi by i. scapularis and small mammals is well documented, whereas its "cryptic" maintenance by other specialist ticks and wildlife hosts remains largely unexplored because these ticks rarely bite humans. we quantified b. burgdorferi infection in a cryptic bird-rabbit-tick cycle. furthermore, we explore ... | 2011 | 21257811 |
| differences in prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma spp. infection among host-seeking dermacentor occidentalis, ixodes pacificus, and ornithodoros coriaceus ticks in northwestern california. | previous studies revealed that the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) is infected occasionally with the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) or human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum) and that it is an inefficient experimental vector of b. burgdorferi. the relationship of the pajahuello tick (ornithodoros coriaceus) to each of these bacterial zoonotic agents has not been reported. the primary bridging vector of both bacterial zoonotic agents to humans is t ... | 2010 | 21359090 |
| serum antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi in cottontail rabbits. | archived serum samples, from 95 eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) captured in new york, new york, usa and millbrook, new york, usa, during 1985-86, were analyzed in solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for total and class-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. using a polyvalent conjugate, rabbit sera contained antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens (protein [p]35, p37, o ... | 2012 | 22247369 |
| a novel rickettsia species detected in vole ticks (ixodes angustus) from western canada. | the genomic dna of ixodid ticks from western canada was tested by pcr for the presence of rickettsia. no rickettsiae were detected in ixodes sculptus, whereas 18% of the i. angustus and 42% of the dermacentor andersoni organisms examined were pcr positive for rickettsia. the rickettsiae from each tick species were characterized genetically using multiple genes. rickettsiae within the d. andersoni organisms had sequences at four genes that matched those of r. peacockii. in contrast, the rickettsi ... | 2013 | 24077705 |
| ticks and spotted fever group rickettsiae of southeastern virginia. | the incidence of tick-borne rickettsial disease in the southeastern united states has been rising steadily through the past decade, and the range expansions of tick species and tick-borne infectious agents, new and old, has resulted in an unprecedented mix of vectors and pathogens. the results of an ongoing 4-year surveillance project describe the relative abundance of questing tick populations in southeastern virginia. since 2009, more than 66,000 questing ticks of 7 species have been collected ... | 2013 | 24201057 |
| molecular detection of rickettsia rhipicephali and other spotted fever group rickettsia species in amblyomma ticks infesting wild birds in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | the current study evaluated parasitism of wild birds by ticks in a fragment of atlantic forest in the state of minas gerais, brazil, and examined the ticks for rickettsial agents. birds were captured during 2014 and 2015 and ticks were identified by sequencing fragments of the 16s and 12s ribosomal dna. among 260 birds representing 19 families and 52 species, a total of 69 (26.5%) were found to be infested by larvae (ll) and/or nymphs (nn) of amblyomma longirostre (koch, 1844) (45 ll, 4 nn), amb ... | 2017 | 27745888 |
| single-tube real-time pcr assay for differentiation of ixodes affinis and ixodes scapularis. | ixodes affinis neumann (1899) and ixodes scapularis say (1821) are tick vectors of the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. ixodes affinis and i. scapularis are morphologically very similar, and as they are sympatric in the mid- and south-atlantic u.s. coastal states, their accurate identification is crucial to studies of disease and vector ecology in this area. this work describes a rapid, single-tube sybr(®) green-based real-time pcr assay for differentiation of ... | 2013 | 24192510 |
| manual for maintenance of multi-host ixodid ticks in the laboratory. | use of laboratory animals as hosts for blood-sucking arthropods remains a time-proven and the most efficient method for establishment and propagation of slowly feeding ixodid ticks, despite introduction of techniques involving artificial feeding on either animal skins or synthetic membranes. new zealand white rabbits are usually the most accessible and most suitable hosts routinely used for establishment and maintenance of a large variety of multi-host tick species. here we describe standard pro ... | 2016 | 27651325 |
| isolation of deer tick virus (powassan virus, lineage ii) from ixodes scapularis and detection of antibody in vertebrate hosts sampled in the hudson valley, new york state. | deer tick virus, dtv, is a genetically and ecologically distinct lineage of powassan virus (powv) also known as lineage ii powv. human incidence of pow encephalitis has increased in the last 15 years potentially due to the emergence of dtv, particularly in the hudson valley of new york state. we initiated an extensive sampling campaign to determine whether powv was extant throughout the hudson valley in tick vectors and/or vertebrate hosts. | 2013 | 24016533 |
| distribution of ticks and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in the upper connecticut river valley of vermont. | ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) has expanded its range in recent decades. to establish baseline data on the abundance of the black-legged tick and borrelia burgdorferi (causative agent of lyme disease) at the edge of a putative range expansion we collected 1398 ticks from five locations along the connecticut river in vermont. collection locations were approximately evenly distributed between the villages of ascutney and guildhall. relative abundance and distribution by species varied acros ... | 2013 | 25473255 |
| pathogenic landscape of transboundary zoonotic diseases in the mexico-us border along the rio grande. | transboundary zoonotic diseases, several of which are vector borne, can maintain a dynamic focus and have pathogens circulating in geographic regions encircling multiple geopolitical boundaries. global change is intensifying transboundary problems, including the spatial variation of the risk and incidence of zoonotic diseases. the complexity of these challenges can be greater in areas where rivers delineate international boundaries and encompass transitions between ecozones. the rio grande serve ... | 2014 | 25453027 |
| population-based passive tick surveillance and detection of expanding foci of blacklegged ticks ixodes scapularis and the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi in ontario, canada. | we identified ticks submitted by the public from 2008 through 2012 in ontario, canada, and tested blacklegged ticks ixodes scapularis for borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum. among the 18 species of ticks identified, i. scapularis, dermacentor variabilis, ixodes cookei and amblyomma americanum represented 98.1% of the 14,369 ticks submitted. rates of blacklegged tick submission per 100,000 population were highest in ontario's eastern region; d. variabilis in central west and easte ... | 2014 | 25171252 |
| climate change and habitat fragmentation drive the occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, at the northeastern limit of its distribution. | lyme borreliosis is rapidly emerging in canada, and climate change is likely a key driver of the northern spread of the disease in north america. we used field and modeling approaches to predict the risk of occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria causing lyme disease in north america. we combined climatic and landscape variables to model the current and future (2050) potential distribution of the black-legged tick and the white-footed mouse at the northeastern range limit of lyme diseas ... | 2014 | 25469157 |
| habitat and vegetation variables are not enough when predicting tick populations in the southeastern united states. | two tick-borne diseases with expanding case and vector distributions are ehrlichiosis (transmitted by amblyomma americanum) and rickettiosis (transmitted by a. maculatum and dermacentor variabilis). there is a critical need to identify the specific habitats where each of these species is likely to be encountered to classify and pinpoint risk areas. consequently, an in-depth tick prevalence study was conducted on the dominant ticks in the southeast. vegetation, soil, and remote sensing data were ... | 2015 | 26656122 |
| different ecological niches for ticks of public health significance in canada. | tick-borne diseases are a growing public health concern as their incidence and range have increased in recent decades. lyme disease is an emerging infectious disease in canada due to northward expansion of the geographic range of ixodes scapularis, the principal tick vector for the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi, into central and eastern canada. in this study the geographical distributions of ixodid ticks, including i. scapularis, and environmental factors associated with their occurren ... | 2015 | 26131550 |
| established population of blacklegged ticks with high infection prevalence for the lyme disease bacterium, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, on corkscrew island, kenora district, ontario. | we document an established population of blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, on corkscrew island, kenora district, ontario, canada. primers of the outer surface protein a (ospa) gene, the flagellin (fla) gene, and the flagellin b (flab) gene were used in the pcr assays to detect borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the lyme disease bacterium. in all, 60 (73%) of 82 adult i. scapularis, were infected with b. burgdorferi s.l. as well, 6 (43%) of 14 unfed i. scapularis nymphs were positive for ... | 2016 | 27877080 |