| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| [the tick fauna of eastern germany]. | the occurrence of several tick species in selected areas of eastern germany is described. from may 1987 till december 1989 8,472 ticks from 430 places were examined. ixodidae of the genus ixodes, dermacentor and haemaphysalis as well as argasidae of the genus argas were identified. the most common species was ixodes ricinus. furthermore, an endemic area of dermacentor reticulatus was detected in the düben-dahlen and annaburg health. two other species of ticks, which were found frequently and som ... | 1992 | 1416225 |
| ixodes (pholeoixodes) hexagonus, an efficient vector of borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory. | borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al. was first isolated from the midgut of ixodes dammini spielman et al. in the u.s.a. and from the midgut of i.ricinus (l.) in europe. i.ricinus was considered to be the only tick vector of this borrelia, in europe, until i.hexagonus leach, the hedgehog tick, was found to harbour spirochaetes. this paper reports an evaluation of the vector competence of i.hexagonus for the spirochaete b.burgdorferi. transovarial and trans-stadial survival were demonstrated and th ... | 1991 | 1773121 |
| [arthropods found on european beaver (castor fiber l.) in poland]. | in july 1988, arthropods from 6 castor fiber were collected at popielno near ruciane. schizocarpus numerosus dub., s. fedjushini dub., s. brachyurus dub. are new to the fauna of poland. ixodes hexagonus leach (larvae, nymphs, females) is especially numerous. under-development of the coxa and trochanter of the third left leg was noted in one female. moreover, acarus farris (oud.), cunaxoides kielczewskii mich. and unidentified female of the phytoseiidae were obtained. cunaxid mites have not been ... | 1991 | 1823468 |
| lyme borreliosis: ten years after discovery of the etiologic agent, borrelia burgdorferi. | since the recovery of its causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi, in 1981, lyme borreliosis has become the most prevalent tick-borne disease in the united states as well as in europe. its steadily increasing clinical spectrum now includes erythema migrans, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lymphadenosis beniga cutis, arthritis, myocarditis, progressive meningoencephalitis, myositis, and various ocular and skin disorders. the true incidence of lyme borreliosis in the world is unknown. in the un ... | 1991 | 1917043 |
| zoonoses and other findings in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus): a survey of mortality and review of the literature. | a survey of mortality in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) was carried out between july 1976 and november 1986. most were from norfolk. of the 74 examined, 35 (47.3 per cent) were road casualties, one of which yielded salmonella typhimurium phage type (pt) 104. of the remaining 39, 13 (33.3 per cent) had salmonellosis due to s enteritidis pt 11. this organism, which appears to be common and widespread in hedgehogs in england was found in 10 separate incidents. the only other zoonosis was ringworm ... | 1991 | 2035215 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks of the canton tessin (switzerland). | in the northern alps it is hard to find an ixodes ricinus population which does not harbour borrelia burgdorferi. the infection rates range from 5 to 34% for adults and nymphs to 3.1% for larvae. this study shows that the infection rates on the southern side of the alps are similar, at 25% for adults, 36.2% for nymphs and 3.2% for larvae. with respect to tick species other than i. ricinus, we did not succeed in finding any spirochetes in dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, ixodes hex ... | 1990 | 2132440 |
| nocturnal detachment of the tick ixodes hexagonus from nocturnally active hosts. | to determine whether the pattern of engorgement of ixodes hexagonus leach (acarina: ixodidae) in central europe may influence host specificity, the host relationships of the sub-adult stages of this tick were examined and the time of detachment compared with the activity patterns of various candidate vertebrate hosts. the main hosts for i. hexagonus appear to be hedgehog and fox. this tick species seems to be incapable of feeding on any rodent commonly encountered in the study region, or on rept ... | 1990 | 2133008 |
| [a case of an infection with ixodes hexagonus (acarina: ixodoidea) in a horse]. | | 1990 | 2349547 |
| ectoparasites of the irish stoat. | a sample of 196 irish stoats mustela ermineae hibernica thomas & barrett-hamilton (carnivora: mustelidae) were examined and yielded 2580 arthropod ectoparasites, including 1819 larval mites neotrombicula autumnalis (shaw) from a single host. other ectoparasites recovered included lice (99% trichodectes ermineae (hopkins], ticks (mostly ixodes hexagonus leach) and four species of fleas. the ticks and fleas were considered to have come mainly from nests of other hosts. the flea species did not ref ... | 1989 | 2519665 |
| serological investigations of the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in styria. 2. report. | from 1975 to 1982 investigations of 64 hedgehogs for anthropozoonoses and infectious diseases were carried out in all regions of styria, austria. the serological investigations revealed positive results against rickettsiosis, (q-fever and rmsf-groups antigen), (ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, against adenoviruses and herpesvirus). other studies by nosek et al. (1967); troger et al. (1976); kaaserer et al. (1976) and stunzner et al. (1976) report on the hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) as i ... | 1989 | 2744467 |
| isolation of tbe virus from the tick ixodes hexagonus. | tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus was isolated from a sample of ixodes hexagonus ticks collected from the hair of the western european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) which had been captured on the edge of a new housing estate in ceské budĕjovice at the end of september 1986. this was the first isolation of tbe virus from this vector, supporting the previous experimental results. the virus was identified in immunofluorescent and plaquereduction neutralization tests. | 1988 | 3058559 |
| [ticks of domestic and wild animals in germany: on the occurrence and biology of the hedgehog tick (ixodes hexgonus) and the fox tick (ixodes canisuga)]. | | 1986 | 3536420 |
| on the development of the tick ixodes hexagonus leach, 1815 in the north-moravian natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis. | | 1971 | 5163211 |
| [transmission of babesia microti by nymphs of dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and ixodes hexagonus]. | | 1982 | 7080616 |
| ability of transovarially and subsequent transstadially infected ixodes hexagonus ticks to maintain and transmit borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory. | in a previous study, transstadial and transovarial survival of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes hexagonus and transmission to laboratory mice via the bite of infected females were demonstrated. here, we report the ability of i. hexagonus progeny infected transovarially to maintain and transmit the spirochaete to the host. ticks were examined for spirochaetes by direct immunofluorescence antibody test. i. hexagonus larvae derived from the parental transstadially infected females were fed on two whi ... | 1993 | 7628234 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks (acari: ixodidae) from two different foci in spain. | the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in several tick species was studied over a 2 year period in two ecologically different areas in spain. one area was an endemic area for lyme disease, with a number of autochthonous human cases and supported large populations of ixodes ricinus on cattle and birds; the second area was characterized by the absence of i. ricinus together with the presence of foxes and their associated tick species. while i. ricinus was the main vector of b. burgdorer ... | 1995 | 7634972 |
| immunoglobulin-g binding proteins in the ixodid ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and ixodes hexagonus. | a guinea-pig immunoglobulin-g linked agarose column was used to detect the immunoglobulin-g binding proteins (igbp) in the ixodid ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma variegatum and ixodes hexagonus. igbps were found in salivary gland extract (sge) of the unfed ticks of all 3 species. the sizes of the igbps, as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differed between species. in r. appendiculatus 2 igbp bands were detected in haemolymph collected from unfed females and ma ... | 1995 | 7675530 |
| tick infestation patterns and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks collected at a veterinary clinic in germany. | a total of 4803 domestic and wild animals which were presented for examination at a veterinary clinic in north baden, germany over a period of 1 year were examined for tick infestation. a total of 434 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from 175 hosts. ticks found belonged to the species ixodes ricinus (385), ixodes hexagonus (48), and ixodes ventalloi (one). the polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 132 i. ricinus and 21 i. hexagonus for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi. twenty-t ... | 1996 | 8916409 |
| the occurrence of ixodid ticks on wild mink mustela vision in england and wales. | four species of ticks found to infest 1391 american mink (mustela vison) in britain in five years were, in declining order of frequency, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes canisuga, ixodes ricinus and ixodes acuminatus. ixodes hexagonus and i. canisuga occurred on 40% and 2.5% of mink respectively. infestation rates (the proportion of infested mink) of adult females, nymphs and larvae were similar and tended to be lower in summer. the distribution of infestation size (the number of ticks per host) for adu ... | 1996 | 8994138 |
| tick zoonoses in the southern part of switzerland (canton ticino): occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia sp. | the diversity and the distribution of tick species and their infection rates by the pathogenic micro-organism borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis, and rickettsia sp., were studied in canton ticino (the southern part of switzerland). ticks specimens collected from animals and humans were classified and analysed for the presence of both pathogens. in particular, pcr analysis was performed for the detection of borrelia spirochetes in ixodes ricinus and ixodes he ... | 1997 | 9085007 |
| detection and typing of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks attached to human skin by pcr. | live ixodes ricinus ticks attached to humans residing in germany were examined for borreliae by dark-field microscopy and pcr. borrelia species were identified by 16s rrna sequence analysis, which showed the presence of several species, some not yet defined, and a high prevalence of multiply infected ticks. | 1998 | 9774593 |
| mitochondrial gene order is not conserved in arthropods: prostriate and metastriate tick mitochondrial genomes. | the entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced in a prostriate tick, ixodes hexagonus, and a metastriate tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. both genomes encode 22 trnas, 13 proteins, and two ribosomal rnas. prostriate ticks are basal members of ixodidae and have the same gene order as limulus polyphemus. in contrast, in r. sanguineus, a block of genes encoding nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1), trna(leu)(uur), trna(leu)(cun), 16s rdna, trna(val), 12s rdna, the control region, and the trna(ile) and ... | 1998 | 9866211 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna sequence of the horseshoe crab limulus polyphemus. | we determined the complete 14,985-nt sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the horseshoe crab limulus polyphemus (arthropoda: xiphosura). this mtdna encodes the 13 protein, 2 rrna, and 22 trna genes typical for metazoans. the arrangement of these genes and about half of the sequence was reported previously; however, the sequence contained a large number of errors, which are corrected here. the two strands of limulus mtdna have significantly different nucleotide compositions. the strand encoding m ... | 2000 | 10779542 |
| the ixodid tick species attaching to domestic dogs and cats in great britain and ireland. | the species of ixodid ticks, attached to dogs and cats presented to veterinary practices in great britain and ireland were identified. most host animals carried only one tick species with ixodes ricinus linné (acari: ixodidae) being the most common, identified on 52% of animals, ixodes hexagonus leach (acari: ixodidae) the second most common (on 39%) and ixodes canisuga johnston (acari: ixodidae) the third most common (on 11%). a significantly higher proportion of dogs than cats carried i. ricin ... | 2000 | 11016442 |
| general review of tick species present in portugal. | at present, 24 species are known to occur in portugal: argas vespertilionis, ornithodoros maritimus and ornithodoros erraticus in argasidae; ixodes acuminatus, ixodes bivari, ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes simplex simplex, ixodes ventalloi, ixodes vespertilionis, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor pictus', haemaphysalis hispanica, haemaphysalis inermis, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhi ... | 1999 | 11071535 |
| genetic variability within borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies established by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the rrfa-rrlb intergenic spacer in ixodes ricinus ticks from the czech republic. | in europe the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex is represented by five distinct genospecies: borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii, borrelia valaisiana, and borrelia lusitaniae. these taxonomic entities are known to differ in their specific associations with vertebrate hosts and to provoke distinct clinical manifestations in human patients. however, exceptions to these rules have often been observed, indicating that strains belonging to a single genospecies ... | 2003 | 12514035 |
| ixodes hexagonus is the main candidate as vector of theileria annae in northwest spain. | babesia canis and babesia gibsoni have, until recently, been considered the only piroplasms that parasitise dogs. however, recent reports indicate that "small" babesia infections in spanish dogs are surprisingly frequent and molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the infecting agent is closely related to babesia microti. because the 18srdna sequence was not completely identical to that of b. microti, the new name "theileria annae" was assigned to the canine agent. no information is avail ... | 2003 | 12581593 |
| genetic diversity of bacterial agents detected in ticks removed from asymptomatic patients in northeastern italy. | a total of 360 ticks were removed from 353 asymptomatic subjects in belluno province, italy and surrounding areas, from 1998 to 2001. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus (357), ixodes hexagonus (1), rhipicephalus sanguineus (1), and ixodes ventalloi (1). tick dna was investigated by pcr and subsequent sequencing of amplified products to identity associated bacterial agents. primers targeting different genes of rickettsia (glta and ompa), borrelia (16s rdna, rpob), francisella (16s rdna), and ... | 2003 | 12860623 |
| the morphology of the british prostriata with particular reference to ixodes hexagonus leach. ii. | | 1953 | 13026274 |
| the capitulum and feeding mechanism of ixodes hexagonus leach. ii. | | 1953 | 13026275 |
| the host relationships of ixodes hexagonus leach in britain. | | 1953 | 13111809 |
| a case of human parasitization by ixodes hexagonus, leach (hedgehog tick). | | 1955 | 13260650 |
| the morphology of the british prostriata, with particular reference to ixodes hexagonus leach. iii. | | 1956 | 13378880 |
| [studies on the transmission of the virus of early summer meningoencephalitis by the tick ixodes hexagonus leach]. | | 1960 | 13854968 |
| the capitulum and feeding mechanism of ixodes hexagonus leach. | | 1951 | 14863946 |
| the bionomics of ixodes hexagonus leach in britain. | | 1951 | 14863947 |
| roles of the maltese cross form of babesia microti in the development of parasitemia in b. microti infection. | | 2004 | 15271963 |
| relationships of a novel lyme disease spirochete, borrelia spielmani sp. nov., with its hosts in central europe. | to determine whether the pathogenic variant of lyme disease spirochetes, isolate a14s, is perpetuated in a particular reservoir-vector relationship, we screened vector ticks in various central european sites for a related spirochete and determined its host association. a14s-like spirochetes infect numerous questing ticks in the petite camargue alsacienne (pc). they frequently infect dormice, but no mice or voles. garden dormice appear to be better reservoir hosts for a14s-like spirochetes than f ... | 2004 | 15528500 |
| ixodid tick species attaching to dogs in hungary. | a survey was carried out to investigate the occurrence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) infesting domestic dogs in hungary. forty veterinary clinics from a wide geographical area were asked to collect hard ticks from dogs and to complete a questionnaire. in total, 25 veterinary clinics submitted 900 ticks from 310 dogs. intensity of infestation ranged from one to 78 per dog. the most preferred sites of tick attachment in decreasing order were head, neck and legs. the majority of ticks (91. ... | 2005 | 15817212 |
| ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy. | the results of a 2-year survey on ticks infesting livestock on farms in western sicily, italy, are reported. several dogs living in the same area were also examined for ticks. moreover, free-living ticks from one cattle farm were caught by co(2) traps and flagging. a total of 6208 specimens was collected belonging to 9 species: rhipicephalus bursa (32.4%), rhipicephalus turanicus (22.7%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (19.3%), hyalomma lusitanicum (12.0%), haemaphysalis punctata (7.8%), hyalomma marg ... | 2006 | 16550337 |
| real-time pcr investigation of potential vectors, reservoirs, and shedding patterns of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas. | three hemotropic mycoplasmas have been identified in pet cats: mycoplasma haemofelis, "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," and "candidatus mycoplasma turicensis." the way in which these agents are transmitted is largely unknown. thus, this study aimed to investigate fleas, ticks, and rodents as well as saliva and feces from infected cats for the presence of hemotropic mycoplasmas, to gain insight into potential transmission routes for these agents. dna was extracted from arthropods and from rod ... | 2007 | 17468284 |
| european hedgehogs as hosts for borrelia spp., germany. | | 2007 | 17582907 |
| ectoparasites of the endangered iberian lynx lynx pardinus and sympatric wild and domestic carnivores in spain. | ectoparasites can cause important skin disorders in animals and can also transmit pathogens. the iberian lynx lynx pardinus has been stated to be the most endangered felid in the world and such vector-borne pathogens may threaten its survival. we surveyed 98 wild carnivores (26 iberian lynxes, 34 red foxes vulpes vulpes, 24 egyptian mongooses herpestes ichneumon, 11 common genets genetta genetta, two eurasian badgers meles meles, one polecat mustela putorius) and 75 domestic but free-ranging car ... | 2007 | 17897365 |
| an immunoglobulin binding protein (antigen 5) of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) salivary gland stimulates bovine immune responses. | the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), is an economically important pest of livestock. previous studies demonstrated lymphocyte suppression by crude salivary gland extract (sge) of the stable fly. a dominant 27-kda protein identified in the sge was reported to stimulate immunodominant antibody responses in exposed cattle. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this protein, now identified as ahomolog of insect proteins named antigen 5 (ag5), was responsible for ... | 2008 | 18283948 |
| canine babesiosis: from molecular taxonomy to control. | abstract : canine babesiosis is a clinically significant emerging vector-borne disease caused by protozoan haemoparasites. this review article considers recent literature pertaining to the taxonomic classification of babesia and theileria species affecting dogs and the geographical distribution of these parasites. the diagnosis of canine babesiosis by traditional, molecular and serological methods is reviewed, together with recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of piroplasm ... | 2009 | 19426443 |
| improved trna prediction in the american house dust mite reveals widespread occurrence of extremely short minimal trnas in acariform mites. | atypical trnas are functional minimal trnas, lacking either the d- or t-arm. they are significantly shorter than typical cloverleaf trnas. widespread occurrence of atypical trnas was first demonstrated for secernentean nematodes and later in various arachnids. evidence started to accumulate that trnas of certain acariform mites are even shorter than the minimal trnas of nematodes, raising the possibility that trnas lacking both d- and t-arms might exist in these organisms. the presence of clover ... | 2009 | 20003349 |
| functional genomics tool: gene silencing in ixodes scapularis eggs and nymphs by electroporated dsrna. | ticks are blood-sucking arthropods responsible for transmitting a wide variety of disease-causing agents, and constitute important public health threats globally. ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of the lyme disease agent in the eastern and central u.s. rnai is a mechanism by which gene-specific double-stranded rna (dsrna) triggers degradation of homologous mrna transcripts. here, we describe an optimized protocol for effectively suppressing gene expression in the egg and nymphal stages o ... | 2010 | 20074328 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe. | bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ... | 2010 | 20182535 |
| potential role of ticks as vectors of bluetongue virus. | when the first outbreak of bluetongue virus serotype 8 (btv8) was recorded in north-west europe in august 2006 and renewed outbreaks occurred in the summer of 2007 and again in 2008, the question was raised how the virus survived the winter. since most adult culicoides vector midges are assumed not to survive the northern european winter, and transovarial transmission in culicoides is not recorded, we examined the potential vector role of ixodid and argasid ticks for bluetongue virus. four speci ... | 2010 | 20358393 |
| molecular detection of theileria annae and hepatozoon canis in foxes (vulpes vulpes) in croatia. | an epizootiological field study on tick-borne protozoan infections in foxes (vulpes vulpes) was carried out in different parts of croatia. spleen samples of 191 carcasses of red foxes killed in sanitary hunting, were examined for the presence of hematozoa by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and subsequent sequencing. the investigation revealed four species of hematozoa in 57 foxes (30%), namely theileria annae, theileria sp. 3182/05 and hepatozoon canis. t. annae was found in 10 foxes (5%), theil ... | 2010 | 20646832 |
| tick surveillance in great britain. | the ability for public/veterinary health agencies to assess the risks posed by tick-borne pathogens is reliant on an understanding of the main tick vector species. crucially, the status, distribution, and changing trends in tick distribution and abundance are implicit requirements of any risk assessment; however, this is contingent on the quality of tick distribution data. since 2005 the health protection agency has promoted an enhanced tick surveillance program. through engagement with a variet ... | 2011 | 20849277 |
| ixodid ticks in bosnia and herzegovina. | ticks of the ixodidae family represent an enormous threat to human and animal health. from january to december 2004, a total of 10,050 ixodid ticks were collected from 26 areas in bosnia and herzegovina and determined to the species level. ticks were collected from dogs, sheep, cows, goats, rodents, humans and plants. ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent species, followed by dermacentor marginatus marginatus, rhipicephalus bursa, hyalomma marginatum marginatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus, haemaph ... | 2010 | 20967487 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the citrus red mite panonychus citri (acari: tetranychidae): high genome rearrangement and extremely truncated trnas. | the family tetranychidae (chelicerata: acari) includes ~1200 species, many of which are of agronomic importance. to date, mitochondrial genomes of only two tetranychidae species have been sequenced, and it has been found that these two mitochondrial genomes are characterized by many unusual features in genome organization and structure such as gene order and nucleotide frequency. the scarcity of available sequence data has greatly impeded evolutionary studies in acari (mites and ticks). informat ... | 2010 | 20969792 |
| differentiation of medically important euro-asian tick species ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus, ixodes hexagonus, and dermacentor reticulatus by polymerase chain reaction. | abstract understanding epidemiology of the tick-borne pathogens requires the accurate identification of the vector ticks. morphological analysis of ticks is difficult and often leads to misidentification. molecular techniques offer an alternative approach of tick identification. to date, no practical and reliable molecular assays for discrimination of euro-asian ticks are available. our aim was to develop such an assay for discrimination between four euro-asian tick species of high medical impor ... | 2010 | 21028959 |
| prevalence, distribution and risk associated with tick infestation of dogs in great britain. | current concerns over the potential impacts of climate change and the increased movement between countries of people and companion animals on the distribution of ectoparasites, highlight the need for accurate understanding of existing prevalence patterns. without these future changes will not be detected. here, the distribution and prevalence of tick infestations of domestic dogs in great britain were examined. a total of 173 veterinary practices were recruited to monitor tick attachment to dogs ... | 2011 | 21418263 |
| the fecal odor of sick hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) mediates olfactory attraction of the tick ixodes hexagonus. | parasite loads of animals vary among individuals, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully identified. here, we investigated whether health status of hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) is correlated with tick burden, and whether chemical cues linked to the health status of the host mediate attraction of the tick ixodes hexagonus. an ecological survey conducted over 10 years, involving 226 wild hedgehogs, revealed a strong association between health status and tick burden of hedgehogs, with ... | 2011 | 21445567 |
| the hard-tick fauna of mainland portugal (acari: ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. | this work is an updated revision of the available information on portuguese ixodid tick species. it includes data on tick biology, ecology, taxonomy and host/pathogen-associations. the current list of portuguese ixodid ticks comprises twenty species: dermacentor marginatus (sulzer, 1776), dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794), haemaphysalis hispanica gil collado, 1938, haemaphysalis inermis birula, 1895, haemaphysalis punctata canestrini & fanzago, 1878, hyalomma lusitanicum koch, 1844, hyal ... | 2011 | 21452063 |
| the immunopathology of canine vector-borne diseases. | abstract: the canine vector-borne infectious diseases (cvbds) are an emerging problem in veterinary medicine and the zoonotic potential of many of these agents is a significant consideration for human health. the successful diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these infections is dependent upon firm understanding of the underlying immunopathology of the diseases in which there are unique tripartite interactions between the microorganism, the vector and the host immune system. although signific ... | 2011 | 21489234 |
| babesiosis due to the canine babesia microti-like small piroplasm in dogs - first report from portugal and possible vertical transmission. | abstract: | 2011 | 21489238 |
| evidence of new pathogenic theileria species in dogs. | babesiosis, caused by tick-borne haematozoan organisms of the genus babesia, is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild mammals. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. recent publications, however, suggest that the diversity of piroplasm species infecting dogs might be greater than previously appreciated. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ssrrna gene ... | 2010 | 21526030 |
| [tick (ixodoidea) and flea (siphonaptera) species on three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in erzurum province]. | in this study, three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) which died after traffic accidents were examined in terms of ectoparasites, in the province of erzurum in january of 2009. 13 ticks and 74 fleas were collected from the foxes and taken to the laboratory in separate glasses containing 70% alcohol. ticks were taken directly from 70% alcohol and have been identified under the stereo microscope. fleas were cleared in 10% koh solution during 4-13 days and washed in distilled water 3-4 times and were iden ... | 2011 | 21776598 |
| ixodid ticks of road-killed wildlife species in southern italy: new tick-host associations and locality records. | the present study aimed to identify ticks collected from road-killed wildlife species retrieved in several localities of southern italy and to assess the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. dna in ticks. collections were carried out from january 2000 to december 2009 on wild animals found dead within the territories of 11 municipalities from three regions (i.e., apulia, basilicata, and calabria). in total, 189 carcasses of wild animals belon ... | 2011 | 21728058 |
| prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattle in the las merindades area (burgos, spain). | this paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the las merindades area of the province of burgos, spain. the study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. the parasitic prevalence was 67% for wild animals and 48% for livestock. in this way, 39% of animals were infected by ticks. ixodes ricinus and ixodes hexagonus were t ... | 2011 | 21894267 |
| presence of bartonella species in wild carnivores of northern spain. | the genus bartonella was detected by pcr in 5.7% (12/212) of wild carnivores from northern spain. based on hybridization and sequence analyses, bartonella henselae was identified in a wildcat (felis silvestris), bartonella rochalimae in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) and in a wolf (canis lupus), and bartonella sp. in badgers (meles meles). | 2011 | 22138983 |
| a survey on endoparasites and ectoparasites of stray cats from mashhad (iran) and association with risk factors. | as there appeared to be no data available on parasite infection of stray cats in the region and considering the potential threat of stray cats for animal and public health, the present study was carried out using biological samples and necropsy finding collected from cats captured in mashhad city in the northeast of iran. from a total 52 stray cats examined, 18 (34.6%) were male and 34 (65.4%) were female. ten species of endoparasites including helminthes and protozoa and two species of ectopara ... | 2011 | 23024505 |
| ticks of poland. review of contemporary issues and latest research. | the paper presents current knowledge of ticks occurring in poland, their medical importance, and a review of recent studies implemented in the polish research centres on ticks and their significance in the epidemiology of transmissible diseases. in the polish fauna there are 19 species of ticks (ixodida) recognized as existing permanently in our country: argas reflexus, argas polonicus, carios vespertilionis, ixodes trianguliceps, ixodes arboricola, ixodes crenulatus, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes li ... | 2012 | 23444797 |
| northern white-breasted hedgehogs erinaceus roumanicus as hosts for ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in romania. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum are two tick-borne pathogens of medical and/or veterinary importance which are distributed worldwide. erinaceus roumanicus, the northern white-breasted hedgehog, is a common synanthropic species that is known to carry not only the hedgehog tick, ixodes hexagonus, but also i. ricinus, the most common european tick species. i. ricinus is the main vector of both mentioned pathogens. within this framework and because only limited informat ... | 2012 | 23339970 |
| humans parasitized by the hard tick ixodes ricinus are seropositive to midichloria mitochondrii: is midichloria a novel pathogen, or just a marker of tick bite? | midichloria mitochondrii is an intracellular bacterium found in the hard tick ixodes ricinus. in this arthropod, m. mitochondrii is observed in the oocytes and in other cells of the ovary, where the symbiont is present in the cell cytoplasm and inside the mitochondria. no studies have so far investigated whether m. mitochondrii is present in the salivary glands of the tick and whether it is transmitted to vertebrates during the tick blood meal. to address the above issues, we developed a recombi ... | 2012 | 23265610 |
| prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks collected from the republic of korea during 2011-2012. | in this study, we demonstrated that tbev-infected ticks have been distributed in the rok, combined with our previous results. these results suggest that tbev may exist in the rok, and h. longicornis, h. flava, and i. nipponensis may be potential vectors of tbev. in addition, these results emphasize the need for further epidemiological research of tbev. | 2012 | 24159517 |
| abiotic and biotic factors associated with tick population dynamics on a mammalian host: ixodes hexagonus infesting otters, lutra lutra. | the eurasian otter, lutra lutra, hosts several parasites with zoonotic potential. as this semiaquatic mammal has large ranges across terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats, it has the capacity for wide dispersion of pathogens. despite this, parasites of otters have received relatively little attention. here, we examine their ectoparasite load and assess whether this is influenced by abiotic or biotic variables. climatic phenomena such as the north atlantic oscillation (nao) affect weather c ... | 2012 | 23071736 |
| tick infestation risk for dogs in a peri-urban park. | increases in the abundance and distribution of ticks and tick borne disease (tbd) within europe have been reported extensively over the last 10-20 years. changes in climate, habitat management, economic patterns and changes in the abundance of hosts, particularly deer, may all have influenced this change to varying extents. increasing abundances of tick populations in urban and peri-urban environments, such as parks, are of particular concern. in these sites, suitable habitat, wildlife hosts, ti ... | 2013 | 24341594 |
| seasonal and spatial distribution of ixodid tick species feeding on naturally infested dogs from eastern austria and the influence of acaricides/repellents on these parameters. | effective control of tick infestation and pathogen transmission requires profound knowledge of tick biology in view of their vector function. the particular time of the year when the different tick species start to quest and the favoured sites on the canine host are of major interest. the efficacy of acaricides/repellents to control ticks in the field requires observation. | 2013 | 23510263 |
| wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria. | austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ... | 2014 | 25830102 |
| pathogens in ticks collected from dogs in berlin/brandenburg, germany. | tick-borne diseases are a major health risk for humans and dogs. in addition to collection and analysis of questing ticks, analysis of host-associated ticks for the presence of pathogens is a valuable method to gain insight into transmission patterns of tick-borne diseases. | 2014 | 25441762 |
| circulation of four anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in europe. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiological agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and animals. wild animals and ticks play key roles in the enzootic cycles of the pathogen. potential ecotypes of a. phagocytophilum have been characterized genetically, but their host range, zoonotic potential and transmission dynamics has only incompletely been resolved. | 2014 | 25127547 |
| high-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in europe. | due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout europe. therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. to accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (tbps), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from france, denmark, and the netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. this advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detect ... | 2014 | 25120960 |
| ticks infesting humans in italy and associated pathogens. | ticks may transmit a large variety of pathogens, which cause illnesses in animals and humans, commonly referred to as to tick-borne diseases (tbds). the incidence of human tbds in italy is underestimated because of poor surveillance and the scant amount of studies available. | 2014 | 25023709 |
| detection of lyme disease and q fever agents in wild rodents in central italy. | the maintenance of tick-borne disease agents in the environment strictly depends on the relationship between tick vectors and their hosts, which act as reservoirs for these pathogens. a pilot study aimed to investigate wild rodents as reservoirs for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum) was carried out in an area of gran sasso e monti della laga national park (abruzzi region, central italy) ... | 2015 | 26134933 |
| presence of zoonotic agents in engorged ticks and hedgehog faeces from erinaceus europaeus in (sub) urban areas. | european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) are hosts for ixodes hexagonus and i. ricinus ticks, which are vectors for zoonotic microorganisms. in addition, hedgehogs may carry several enteric zoonoses as well. it is unclear to what extent a presence of pathogens in hedgehogs poses a risk to public health, as information on the presence of zoonotic agents in hedgehogs in urban areas is relatively scarce. | 2015 | 25885888 |
| ectoparasite loads in sympatric urban populations of the northern white-breasted and the european hedgehog. | we investigated abundance and prevalence of ticks and fleas infesting urban populations of two species of hedgehogs: the northern white-breasted hedgehog (erinaceus roumanicus) and the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus). the hedgehogs were captured in the city of poznań (western poland) over the period of 4 years. both species of hedgehogs were infested with the castor bean tick (ixodes ricinus), the hedgehog tick (ixodes hexagonus), and the hedgehog flea (archeopsylla erinacei). the northe ... | 2015 | 25820646 |
| tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. | the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ... | 2015 | 27047089 |
| dominance of dermacentor reticulatus over ixodes ricinus (ixodidae) on livestock, companion animals and wild ruminants in eastern and central poland. | the most common tick species parasitizing animals in poland are ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus. these tick species differ in their distribution, habitats, seasonal activity and host specificity. ixodes ricinus is the most prevalent and widely distributed, whereas the range of d. reticulatus is limited to eastern and central parts of the country with several new foci in the middle-west and the west. however, as in many central european countries, the range of d. reticulatus is expandi ... | 2015 | 25717007 |
| detection of selected pathogens in ticks collected from cats and dogs in the wrocław agglomeration, south-west poland. | tick-borne infections are no longer confined to rural areas, they are documented with increasing frequency in urban settlements across the world. they are known to cause diseases in humans as well as in their companion animals. | 2016 | 27329450 |
| did garin and bujadoux actually report a case of lyme radiculoneuritis? | a 1922 report by garin and bujadoux is widely regarded as describing the first case of neurologic lyme borreliosis. although the patient reported had a tick bite followed by the development of a rash and radiculoneuritis, there were a number of highly atypical features, raising the question of whether the patient, in fact, had neurologic lyme borreliosis. the paper may not deserve the historic recognition that it has received. | 2016 | 27419161 |
| ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in belgium. | although ixodes spp. are the most common ticks in north-western europe, recent reports indicated an expanding geographical distribution of dermacentor reticulatus in western europe. recently, the establishment of a d. reticulatus population in belgium was described. d. reticulatus is an important vector of canine and equine babesiosis and can transmit several rickettsia species, coxiella burnetii and tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), whilst ixodes spp. are vectors of pathogens causing babesi ... | 2013 | 23777784 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in belgium. | the incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing in europe. sub national information on tick distribution, ecology and vector status is often lacking. however, precise location of infection risk can lead to better targeted prevention measures, surveillance and control. | 2013 | 23800283 |
| update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. | tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus rickettsia. these zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. however, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that wer ... | 0 | 24092850 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence data provides genetic evidence that the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) represents a species complex. | ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary significance that can transmit bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, and cause a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. in the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of rhipicephalus sanguineus from china (rsc) and compared with that of r. sanguineus from usa (rsu). nucleotide sequence difference in the full mt genome was 11.23% between rsc and rsu. for the 13 protein-coding genes, compari ... | 2013 | 23630448 |
| ectoparasitic infestations of the european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) in urmia city, iran: first report. | hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals that become popular in the world and have significant role in transmission of zoonotic agents. some of the agents are transmitted by ticks and fleas such as rickettsial agents. for these reason, a survey on ectoparasites in european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) carried out between april 2006 and december 2007 from different parts of urmia city, west azerbaijan, iran. after being euthanized external surface of body of animals was precisely considered for e ... | 0 | 25653796 |
| hard ticks (acari, ixodidae) of croatia. | the present paper is based on original and literature data. in croatia the first studies on the occurrence of ixodid species were made about 80 years ago. the number of tick species recorded in croatia considerably increased during the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s of the past century. a total of 21 species of hard tick belonging to 5 genera have been recorded in croatia. ixodes is the best represented genus, with seven species recorded. haemaphysalis is represented by six species, followed by rhipice ... | 2012 | 23372407 |
| molecular epidemiology of the emerging zoonosis agent anaplasma phagocytophilum (foggie, 1949) in dogs and ixodid ticks in brazil. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen of humans, dogs and other animals, and it is transmitted by ixodid ticks. the objective of the current study was a) detect a. phagocytophilum in dogs and ixodid ticks using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr); and b) determine important variables associated to host, environment and potential tick vectors that are related to the presence of a. phagocytophilum in dogs domiciled in rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2013 | 24330631 |
| mediterranean spotted fever in southeastern romania. | although cases of mediterranean spotted fever (msf) have been reported for decades in southeastern romania, there are few published data. we retrospectively studied 339 patients, diagnosed with msf at the national institute of infectious diseases "prof. dr. matei bals" between 2000 and 2011, in order to raise awareness about msf in certain regions of romania. according to the raoult diagnostic criteria 171 (50.4%) had a score >25 points. mean age was 52.5 years. one hundred and fifty-five (90.6% ... | 2013 | 24024190 |
| detection of bartonella tamiae, coxiella burnetii and rickettsiae in arthropods and tissues from wild and domestic animals in northeastern algeria. | in recent years, the scope and importance of emergent vector-borne diseases has increased dramatically. in algeria, only limited information is currently available concerning the presence and prevalence of these zoonotic diseases. for this reason, we conducted a survey of hematophagous ectoparasites of domestic mammals and/or spleens of wild animals in el tarf and souk ahras, algeria. | 2016 | 26791781 |
| association of environmental traits with the geographic ranges of ticks (acari: ixodidae) of medical and veterinary importance in the western palearctic. a digital data set. | we compiled information on the distribution of ticks in the western palearctic (11°w, 45°e; 29°n, 71°n), published during 1970-2010. the literature search was filtered by the tick's species name and an unambiguous reference to the point of capture. records from some curated collections were included. we focused on tick species of importance to human and animal health, in particular: ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, h. sulcata, hyalomma marginatum, h ... | 2012 | 22843316 |
| efficacy and safety of a permethrin-fipronil spot-on solution (effitix®) in dogs naturally infested by ticks in europe. | effitix is a new broad spectrum product based on the combination of fipronil 6.1% and permethrin 54.5% in a solution for spot-on application. it has been shown to be safe and efficacious in dogs in controlling tick, flea, sandfly, and mosquito infestations in laboratory conditions. the aim of this controlled, randomised study was to assess its safety and efficacy against natural tick infestations in field conditions. one hundred eighty-two privately owned dogs were included in france and germany ... | 2016 | 27703984 |
| theileria annae (syn. babesia microti-like) infection in dogs in nw spain detected using direct and indirect diagnostic techniques: clinical report of 75 cases. | in north-western spain, piroplamosis caused by theileria annae is now recognized as a serious problem because veterinarians, despite being aware of the clinical signs of piroplasmosis, lack the necessary information on its epidemiology or specific diagnostic tools for its management. this, along with the fact that t. annae infection is also refractory to current piroplamosis treatments, prompted this study designed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnosis of this largely unknown parasit ... | 2015 | 25890106 |
| tick-box for 3'-end formation of mitochondrial transcripts in ixodida, basal chelicerates and drosophila. | according to the trna punctuation model, the mitochondrial genome (mtdna) of mammals and arthropods is transcribed as large polycistronic precursors that are maturated by endonucleolytic cleavage at trna borders and rna polyadenylation. starting from the newly sequenced mtdna of ixodes ricinus and using a combination of mitogenomics and transcriptional analyses, we found that in all currently-sequenced tick lineages (prostriata, metastriata and argasidae) the 3'-end of the polyadenylated nad1 an ... | 2012 | 23077630 |