| isolation of streptococcus pluton from the larvae of european honey bees in australia. | | 1978 | 718564 |
| [staphylococcus aureus infection in apis mellifera l. (honeybees)]. | the causative agent of american foulbrood is bacillus larvae, the causes of the european foulbrood diseases are streptococcus pluton and bacillus alvei and the causes of the septicemia are pseudomonas apiseptica and escherichia coli in honeybees (apis mellifera). apart from the above causative agents in this study, staphylococcus aureus has been isolated and identified from honeybees (apis mellifera). | 1989 | 2487466 |
| an unusual type of streptococcus pluton from the eastern hive bee. | | 1974 | 4825260 |
| [differentiation between streptococcus pluton and bacterium pluton]. | | 1966 | 5988725 |
| evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of european foulbrood disease, and the genus enterococcus. | the 16s rrna gene sequence of melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of european foulbrood disease, was determined in order to investigate the phylogenetic relationships between this organism and other low-g + c-content gram-positive bacteria. a comparative sequence analysis revealed that m. pluton is a close phylogenetic relative of the genus enterococcus. | 1994 | 8186103 |
| a pcr detection method for rapid identification of melissococcus pluton in honeybee larvae. | melissococcus pluton is the causative agent of european foulbrood, a disease of honeybee larvae. this bacterium is particularly difficult to isolate because of its stringent growth requirements and competition from other bacteria. pcr was used selectively to amplify specific rrna gene sequences of m. pluton from pure culture, from crude cell lysates, and directly from infected bee larvae. the pcr primers were designed from m. pluton 16s rrna sequence data. the pcr products were visualized by aga ... | 1998 | 9572987 |
| geographically diverse australian isolates of melissococcus pluton exhibit minimal genotypic diversity by restriction endonuclease analysis. | melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of european foulbrood is an economically significant disease of honey bees (apis mellifera) across most regions of the world and is prevalent throughout most states of australia. 49 isolates of m. pluton recovered from diseased colonies or honey samples in new south wales, queensland, south australia, tasmania and victoria were compared using sds-page, western immunoblotting and restriction endonuclease analyses. dna profiles of all 49 geographically div ... | 1999 | 10227161 |
| atopobacter phocae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from common seals. | two strains of a gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from common seals were characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. the two strains closely resembled each other based on their biochemical characteristics, and page analysis of whole-cell protein patterns confirmed their close phenotypic affinity. 16s rrna gene sequencing showed that the two strains were genetically highly related (99.8% sequence similarity) and that they ... | 2000 | 11034483 |
| a nested array of rrna targeted probes for the detection and identification of enterococci by reverse hybridization. | complete 23s and almost complete 16s rrna gene sequences were determined for the type strains of the validly described enterococcus species, melissococcus pluton and tetragenococcus halophilus. a comprehensive set of rrna targeted specific oligonucleotide hybridization probes was designed according to the multiple probe concept. in silico probe design and evaluation was performed using the respective tools of the arb program package in combination with the arb databases comprising the currently ... | 2000 | 11249027 |
| preliminary investigations into possible resistance to oxytetracycline in melissococcus plutonius, a pathogen of honeybee larvae. | to investigate the occurrence of oxytetracycline (otc) resistance in melissococcus plutonius, which causes european foulbrood in honeybee colonies. | 2003 | 12485336 |
| the isolation and cultural characteristics of streptococcus pluton and further observations on bacterium eurydice. | | 1957 | 13475670 |
| cultural characters of streptococcus pluton and its differentiation from associated enterococci. | | 1962 | 13864027 |
| tyramine functions as a toxin in honey bee larvae during varroa-transmitted infection by melissococcus pluton. | from wounds of honey bee pupae, caused by the mite varroa destructor, coccoid bacteria were isolated and identified as melissococcus pluton. the bacterial isolate was grown anaerobically in sorbitol medium to produce a toxic compound that was purified on xad columns, gelfiltration and preparative hplc. the toxic agent was identified by gc-ms and fticr-ms as tyramine. the toxicity of the isolated tyramine was tested by a novel mobility test using the protozoon stylonychia lemnae. a concentration ... | 2004 | 15109733 |
| distribution of melissococcus plutonius in honeybee colonies with and without symptoms of european foulbrood. | a sensitive hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for detection of melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of european foulbrood (efb). sampling was made in switzerland, where efb is a widespread disease and incidences have increased in recent years. larvae from brood samples with and without clinical signs of disease (n=92) and honey (n=92) from the same colonies were investigated. individual larvae (n=60) and pupae (n=30) from diseased brood in single colonies were also inv ... | 2005 | 16254762 |
| the occurrence of melissococcus plutonius in healthy colonies of apis mellifera and the efficacy of european foulbrood control measures. | european foulbrood (efb) persists in england and wales despite current treatment methods, all of which include feeding honey bee colonies with the antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc). a large-scale field experiment was conducted to monitor a husbandry-based method, using comb replacement (known as shook swarm), as a drug free efb control option. the understanding of efb epidemiology is limited, with little information on the presence of melissococcus plutonius in disease free colonies. additional s ... | 2010 | 20600088 |
| complete genome sequence of melissococcus plutonius atcc 35311. | we report the first completely annotated genome sequence of melissococcus plutonius atcc 35311. m. plutonius is a one genus one species bacterium, and the etiological agent of european foulbrood of the honey bee. the genome sequence will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenicity. | 2011 | 21622755 |
| polar tube protein gene diversity among nosema ceranae strains derived from a greek honey bee health study. | honey bee samples from 54 apiaries originating from 37 geographic locations of greece were screened for nosema apis and nosema ceranae. furthermore 15 samples coming from 12 geographic locations were screened also for paenibacilluslarvae and melissococcus plutonius and seven honey bee virus species, for the first time on a nation-wide level. there was a tendency in finding proportionally higher spore counts in samples from apiaries that suffered important colony losses. p. larvae bacteria were i ... | 2011 | 21802424 |
| development of duplex pcr assay for detection and differentiation of typical and atypical melissococcus plutonius strains. | melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of an important honeybee disease, european foulbrood (efb). in addition to m. plutonius strains with typical characteristics (typical m. plutonius), we recently reported the presence of atypical m. plutonius, which are phenotypically and genetically distinguished from typical m. plutonius. because typical and atypical m. plutonius may have different pathogenic mechanisms, differentiation of these two types is very important for diagnosis and more ef ... | 2013 | 24334815 |
| the honey bee pathosphere of mongolia: european viruses in central asia. | parasites and pathogens are apparent key factors for the detrimental health of managed european honey bee subspecies, apis mellifera. apicultural trade is arguably the main factor for the almost global distribution of most honey bee diseases, thereby increasing chances for multiple infestations/infections of regions, apiaries, colonies and even individual bees. this imposes difficulties to evaluate the effects of pathogens in isolation, thereby creating demand to survey remote areas. here, we co ... | 2016 | 26959221 |
| volatile constituents of trifolium pratense spp. nivale quantified at different growth stages, and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. | the composition of the volatile fraction of trifolium pratense l. ssp. nivale (sieber) asch. et gr. from the southwestern alps was investigated. fresh aerial parts were collected in the summer at three different growth stages, namely vegetative, flowering and fruiting. the oils obtained by steam-distillation accounted for 0.006 to 0.011% of the fresh plant material and their composition was determined by gc/fid and gc/ms. several classes of compounds were found, with a predominance of alcohols i ... | 2013 | 24427957 |
| determination of the volatile fraction of polygonum bistorta l. at different growing stages and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against two major honeybee (apis mellifera) pathogens. | the composition of the volatile fraction of polygonum bistorta l. (also known as bistort or snakeroot) was investigated. fresh aerial parts of this plant species were collected in the western italian alps during the summer at three different phenological stages, namely vegetative, flowering, and fruiting, and steam-distilled in a clevenger-type apparatus. the oils accounted for 0.004 to 0.010% of the fresh plant material, and their compositions were determined by gc/fid and gc/ms. the compositio ... | 2012 | 22344911 |
| lactobacillus apis sp. nov., from the stomach of honeybees (apis mellifera), having an in vitro inhibitory effect on the causative agents of american and european foulbrood. | a taxonomic study was performed on gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative and regular rod-shaped bacterial strains r4b(t) and r4c, isolated from the stomachs of honeybees. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that the phylogenetic position of the novel strains was within the genus lactobacillus; the highest sequence similarity to r4b(t) was shown by lactobacillus acidophilus bcrc 10695(t) (93.6 %). lower sequence similarities were found to other obligately homofermentative lactobacilli. a pc ... | 2014 | 24096349 |
| honeybees and beehives are rich sources for fructophilic lactic acid bacteria. | fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (flab) are a specific group of lactic acid bacteria (lab) characterized and described only recently. they prefer fructose as growth substrate and inhabit only fructose-rich niches. honeybees are high-fructose-consuming insects and important pollinators in nature, but reported to be decreasing in the wild. in the present study, we analyzed flab microbiota in honeybees, larvae, fresh honey and bee pollen. a total of 66 strains of lab were isolated from samples usi ... | 2013 | 23845309 |
| food to some, poison to others - honeybee royal jelly and its growth inhibiting effect on european foulbrood bacteria. | honeybee colonies (apis mellifera) serve as attractive hosts for a variety of pathogens providing optimal temperatures, humidity, and an abundance of food. thus, honeybees have to deal with pathogens throughout their lives and, even as larvae they are affected by severe brood diseases like the european foulbrood caused by melissococcus plutonius. accordingly, it is highly adaptive that larval food jelly contains antibiotic compounds. however, although food jelly is primarily consumed by bee larv ... | 2017 | 27743422 |
| virulence differences among melissococcus plutonius strains with different genetic backgrounds in apis mellifera larvae under an improved experimental condition. | european foulbrood (efb) caused by melissococcus plutonius is an important bacterial disease of honeybee larvae. m. plutonius strains can be grouped into three genetically distinct groups (cc3, cc12 and cc13). because efb could not be reproduced in artificially reared honeybee larvae by fastidious strains of cc3 and cc13 previously, we investigated a method to improve experimental conditions using a cc3 strain and found that infection with a potassium-rich diet enhanced proliferation of the fast ... | 2016 | 27625313 |
| lysophosphatidylcholine acts in the constitutive immune defence against american foulbrood in adult honeybees. | honeybee (apis mellifera) imagines are resistant to the gram-positive bacterium paenibacillus larvae (p. larvae), causative agent of american foulbrood (afb), whereas honeybee larvae show susceptibility against this pathogen only during the first 48 h of their life. it is known that midgut homogenate of adult honeybees as well as a homogenate of aged larvae exhibit strong anti-p. larvae activity. a bioactivity-guided lc-hrms analysis of midgut homogenate resulted in the identification of 1-oleoy ... | 2016 | 27480379 |
| infection of melissococcus plutonius clonal complex 12 strain in european honeybee larvae is essentially confined to the digestive tract. | melissococcus plutonius is an important pathogen that causes european foulbrood (efb) in honeybee larvae. recently, we discovered a group of m. plutonius strains that are phenotypically and genetically distinct from other strains. these strains belong to clonal complex (cc) 12, as determined by multilocus sequence typing analysis, and show atypical cultural and biochemical characteristics in vitro compared with strains of other ccs tested. although efb is considered to be a purely intestinal inf ... | 2016 | 26256232 |
| metatranscriptomic analyses of honey bee colonies. | honey bees face numerous biotic threats from viruses to bacteria, fungi, protists, and mites. here we describe a thorough analysis of microbes harbored by worker honey bees collected from field colonies in geographically distinct regions of turkey. turkey is one of the world's most important centers of apiculture, harboring five subspecies of apis mellifera l., approximately 20% of the honey bee subspecies in the world. we use deep illumina-based rna sequencing to capture rna species for the hon ... | 2015 | 25852743 |
| bacterial community structure in apis florea larvae analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16s rrna gene sequencing. | this study characterizes the colonization and composition of bacterial flora in dwarf asian honeybee (apis florea) larvae and compares bacterial diversity and distribution among different sampling locations. a. florea larvae were collected from 3 locations in chiang mai province, thailand. bacterial dna was extracted from each larva using the phenol-chloroform method. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was performed, and the dominant bands were excised from the gels, cloned, and sequenced f ... | 2015 | 25393530 |
| inhibitory effect of gut bacteria from the japanese honey bee, apis cerana japonica, against melissococcus plutonius, the causal agent of european foulbrood disease. | european foulbrood is a contagious bacterial disease of honey bee larvae. studies have shown that the intestinal bacteria of insects, including honey bees, act as probiotic organisms. microbial flora from the gut of the japanese honey bee, apis cerana japonica f. (hymenoptera: apidae), were characterized and evaluated for their potential to inhibit the growth of melissococcus plutonius corrig. (ex white) bailey and collins (lactobacillales: enterococcaceae), the causative agent of european foulb ... | 2014 | 25368073 |
| typing of melissococcus plutonius isolated from european and japanese honeybees suggests spread of sequence types across borders and between different apis species. | melissococcus plutonius is an important pathogen of honeybee larvae and causes european foulbrood (efb) not only in european honeybees (apis mellifera) but also in other native honeybees. we recently confirmed the first efb case in japanese native honeybees (apis cerana japonica) and isolated m. plutonius from this case. in this study, to obtain a better understanding of the ecology of m. plutonius and the epidemiology of efb, we analyzed m. plutonius isolates that originated from european and j ... | 2014 | 24768448 |
| recent molecular biology methods for foulbrood and nosemosis diagnosis. | honey-bee colony losses are an increasing problem in western countries. there are many different causes, including infections due to various pathogens. molecular biology techniques have been developed to reliably detect and identify honey-bee pathogens. the most sensitive, specific and reliable is the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) methodology. this review of the literature describes various studies where qpcr was used to detect, identify and quantify four major honey-be ... | 2013 | 24761740 |
| molecular epidemiology and population structure of the honey bee brood pathogen melissococcus plutonius. | melissococcus plutonius is the causative agent of european foulbrood (efb), which is a serious brood disease of the european honey bee (apis mellifera). efb remains a threat because of a poor understanding of disease epidemiology. we used a recently published multi-locus sequence typing method to characterise 206 m. plutonius isolates recovered from outbreaks in england and wales over the course of 2 years. we detected 15 different sequence types (sts), which were resolved by eburst and phylogen ... | 2014 | 24599072 |
| the s-layer homology domain-containing protein slha from paenibacillus alvei ccm 2051(t) is important for swarming and biofilm formation. | swarming and biofilm formation have been studied for a variety of bacteria. while this is well investigated for gram-negative bacteria, less is known about gram-positive bacteria, including paenibacillus alvei, a secondary invader of diseased honeybee colonies infected with melissococcus pluton, the causative agent of european foulbrood (efb). | 2013 | 24058714 |
| the prevalence of the honeybee brood pathogens ascosphaera apis, paenibacillus larvae and melissococcus plutonius in spanish apiaries determined with a new multiplex pcr assay. | the microorganisms ascosphaera apis, paenibacillus larvae and melissococcus plutonius are the three most important pathogens that affect honeybee brood. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of these pathogens in honeybee colonies and to elucidate their role in the honeybee colony losses in spain. in order to get it, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to simultaneously amplify the16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) gene of p. larvae and m. plu ... | 2013 | 23919248 |
| a typing scheme for the honeybee pathogen melissococcus plutonius allows detection of disease transmission events and a study of the distribution of variants. | melissococcus plutonius is the bacterial pathogen that causes european foulbrood of honeybees, a globally important honeybee brood disease. we have used next-generation sequencing to identify highly polymorphic regions in an otherwise genetically homogenous organism, and used these loci to create a modified mlst scheme. this synthesis of a proven typing scheme format with next-generation sequencing combines reliability and low costs with insights only available from high-throughput sequencing te ... | 2013 | 23864566 |
| identification of mutations involved in the requirement of potassium for growth of typical melissococcus plutonius strains. | melissococcus plutonius is a fastidious honeybee pathogen, and the addition of kh(2)po(4) to culture medium is required for its growth. using genome sequences and a newly developed vector, we showed that mutations in genes encoding na(+)/h(+) antiporter and cation-transporting atpase are involved in the potassium requirement for growth. | 2013 | 23584776 |
| detection of atypical melissococcus plutonius in honeybees. | | 2012 | 23248116 |
| characterization of bifidobacteria in the digestive tract of the japanese honeybee, apis cerana japonica. | bifidobacteria were isolated from the intestinal tract of the japanese honeybee, apis cerana japonica, and investigated for potential application as a probiotic agent against melissococcus plutonius, the causal agent of european foulbrood (efb), based on the findings of in vitro inhibition assays. a total of 11 bifidobacteria strains (designated as acjbf1-acjbf11) were isolated using a culture-dependent method and their 16s rrna gene sequences were analyzed. the acjbf isolates belonged to three ... | 2013 | 23069130 |
| a novel gold nanoparticles-based assay for rapid detection of melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of european foulbrood. | european foulbrood (efb) is a severe bacterial brood disease of honey bees (apis mellifera) caused by melissococcus plutonius. diagnosis of efb in the field is based on visual inspection of brood-combs and detection of diseased larvae. however, symptoms of efb may be easily obscured by other diseases or abnormalities in the brood, making definitive diagnosis difficult. hence, confirmatory laboratory assays, such as pcr and real-time pcr, are used to verify the presence of m plutonius in suspecte ... | 2012 | 22940789 |
| complete genome sequence of melissococcus plutonius dat561, a strain that shows an unusual growth profile and is representative of an endemic cluster in japan. | we report the complete genome sequence of melissococcus plutonius dat561, which is a causative agent of european foulbrood. m. plutonius dat561 is a representative of nonfastidious strains isolated in japan. the addition of potassium phosphate was not required for normal growth, unlike for typical m. plutonius strain/isolates. | 2012 | 22582373 |
| diversity of melissococcus plutonius from honeybee larvae in japan and experimental reproduction of european foulbrood with cultured atypical isolates. | european foulbrood (efb) is an important infectious disease of honeybee larvae, but its pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. the causative agent, melissococcus plutonius, is a fastidious organism, and microaerophilic to anaerobic conditions and the addition of potassium phosphate to culture media are required for growth. although m. plutonius is believed to be remarkably homologous, in addition to m. plutonius isolates with typical cultural characteristics, m. plutonius-like organi ... | 2012 | 22442715 |
| the curious case of achromobacter eurydice, a gram-variable pleomorphic bacterium associated with european foulbrood disease in honeybees. | honeybees are prone to parasite and pathogen infestations/infections due to their social colony life. bacterial pathogens in particular lead to destructive infections of the brood. european foulbrood is caused by the bacterium melissococcus plutonius in combination with several other gram-positive bacteria (achromobacter eurydice, bacillus pumilus, brevibacillus laterosporus, enterococcus faecalis, paenibacillus alvei, paenibacillus dendritiformis) involved as secondary invaders following the in ... | 2017 | 28634639 |
| survey and molecular detection of melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of european foulbrood in honeybees in saudi arabia. | a large-scale field survey was conducted to screen major saudi arabian beekeeping locations for infection by melissococcus plutonius. m. plutonius is one of the major bacterial pathogens of honeybee broods and is the causative agent of european foulbrood disease (efb). larvae from samples suspected of infection were collected from different apiaries and homogenized in phosphate buffered saline (pbs). bacteria were isolated on mypgp agar medium. two bacterial isolates, ksump7 and ksump9 (16s rrna ... | 2017 | 28855828 |