| detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i using the polymerase chain reaction. | to develop the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) infection, cell lines or peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 2 non-human primate species [african green monkeys (agm), cercopithecus aethiops; baboon, papio cynocephalus] were evaluated for their stlv-i status using oligonucleotide primer pairs and probes specific for the tax and pol gene regions of the closely related human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i). these pcr re ... | 1992 | 1312066 |
| development of a monoclonal antibody-based p24 capsid antigen detection assay for htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i infection. | a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and employed to detect p24 capsid antigen from human t-cell lymphotropic viruses type i and ii (htlv-i, htlv-ii), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i)-infected cell lines, and from mononuclear cell cocultures of htlv-infected humans and stlv-i infected monkeys. a monoclonal antibody specific for htlv p24 and p53 capsid antigens was coated onto 96-well microtiter plates to capture htlv/ ... | 1992 | 1318063 |
| detection and characterization of t-cell leukemia virus-like proviral sequences in pbl and tissues of baboons by pcr. | the "high lymphoma-prone" baboon stock (papio hamadryas) of the sukhumi primate center colony is characterized by a high prevalence of antibodies to the stlv-i/htlv-i type of retrovirus and a high manifestation of human atl-type (adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma) malignancies (yakovleva et al., this symposium). this is in contrast to other primate colonies and wild monkeys, which have low seroprevalence and very few if any atl-type t-cell malignancies. to characterize the type of t-cell lymphoma r ... | 1992 | 1318468 |
| simian t-cell leukemia virus type i infection in captive baboons. | human t-cell leukemia virus type (htlv-i) is a type c retrovirus that has been linked to both adult t-cell leukemia and neurological disorders in humans. baboons and other old world non-human primates harbor a related virus termed simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-i), which may also be associated with neoplastic disease. to explore the utility of the baboon as a model for htlv-i infection and disease, 329 baboons from a colony of 3200 at the southwest foundation for biomedical research ( ... | 1992 | 1333779 |
| serologic confirmation of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i infection by using immunoassays developed for human t-lymphotropic virus antibody detection. | serum specimens from diverse species of old world monkeys, categorized as seropositive (n = 97) or seronegative (n = 23) for human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection, were tested by using recombinant env-spiked western immunoblot assays and synthetic peptide assays for simultaneous detection and discrimination of simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) infection. of the 97 seropositive specimens, 93 reacted with the recombinant transmembrane (r21env) protein and 90 reacted with a recombinant, mta- ... | 1992 | 1349306 |
| an antigenic structure of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i), as defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | in order to study an antigenic structure of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i), tax1 antigen, we generated and characterized a panel of rat anti-tax1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated watm-1, watm-2, watm-3, and watm-4. these mabs were derived from wka rats immunized with htlv-i-transformed (htlv-i+) syngeneic t cells. immunoblot assays showed that: (1) all the mabs reacted with the tax1 antigen in htlv-i+ cell lines and a recombinant tax1 an ... | 1992 | 1371693 |
| ltr sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a newly discovered variant of htlv-i isolated from the hagahai of papua new guinea. | a 631-bp region of the long terminal repeat (ltr) of a variant of human t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i (htlv-i), isolated from a healthy member of a remote, recently contacted group (hagahai) in papua new guinea, was sequenced and compared to ltr sequences of other members of the primate t-cell lymphoma virus group (ptlv), including htlv-i, simian t-cell lymphoma virus (stlv-i) and htlv-ii. sequence analysis of the ltr of this new guinean isolate, designated as htlv-i(png-1), indicated a ... | 1992 | 1604804 |
| siv, stlv-i and type d retrovirus antibodies in captive rhesus macaques and immunoblot reactivity to siv p27 in human and rhesus monkey sera. | the prevalence of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-i), and type d retrovirus (srv-d) antibodies was determined for 1229 rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) from two research colonies. serum samples were tested by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), immunoblot (ib), and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa). seropositive results for the three retroviruses tested were 0 for siv, 270 (22%) for stlv-i, and 103 (8.4%) for type d retrovirus. o ... | 1990 | 1706606 |
| production of a recombinant human t-cell leukemia virus type-i trans-activator (tax1) antigen and its utilization for generation of monoclonal antibodies against various epitopes on the tax1 antigen. | a 42-kda recombinant protein, px141, consisting of the trans-activator protein encoded by human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-1) (tax1 antigen) and the amino-terminal fusion peptide of 12 amino acid residues of the alpha-peptide encoded by the plasmid puc19 was produced. in order to investigate the immunogenicity of the tax1 antigen, mice were immunized with the purified px141 and 4 anti-tax1 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated taxy-1, taxy-6, taxy-7 and taxy-8 were generated, and their reacti ... | 1991 | 1710610 |
| the trans-activating c-type retroviruses share a distinct epitope(s) that induces antibodies in certain infected hosts. | using sera from hosts infected with bovine leukaemia virus (blv), human t cell lymphoma virus types i and ii (htlv-i and -ii), or simian t cell lymphoma virus type i (stlv-i), we found that the major gag proteins of these viruses cross-react immunologically. the specificity of this cross-reactivity was demonstrated by absorption using purified viral proteins, virus lysates and extracts of infected cells. the data strongly suggested that the cross-reacting epitope(s), referred to as ce, differs f ... | 1991 | 1716653 |
| predictive b- and t-cell linear epitopes in structural proteins of htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i. | the primary amino acid sequences derived from the gag, pol, and env gene products of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) and type ii (htlv-ii) and the env protein of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) were aligned and computer algorithms were used to predict b- and t-cell epitopes. structural b- and t-cell motifs that showed amino acid sequence conservation of antigenic determinants in htlv-i, htlv-ii, and stlv-i, as well as different antigenic determinants of htlv-i an ... | 1991 | 1718345 |
| simian t cell leukemia virus type-1-specific killer t cells in naturally infected african green monkey carriers. | studies were made on the cellular immunity of 13 african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) naturally infected with simian t cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1), closely related to human t cell leukemia virus type 1. they were classified into 3 groups: 1) progressed carrier, 2) carrier, and 3) normal control. this grouping was made according to their hematologic features, i.e., number of peripheral white blood cells, existence of blastoid cells, presence of stlv-1 ag on pbl and anti-stlv-1 a ... | 1990 | 2155962 |
| [monoclonal integration of simian t-cell leukemia virus in hamadryas with malignant lymphoma]. | the association of simian t-cell leukemia virus with baboons malignant lymphoma was studied. proviral dna integrated in cells of lymphoid organs was detected in 19 of 21 sick animals examined. only 4 of 10 monkeys from high risk colony without clinical manifestations had virus-specific sequences in their cellular dnas. as a rule, s(h)tlv-i-infected cells monoclonally proliferated both in lymphomatous and healthy baboons. the restriction patterns with ecori, hindiii, psti, bamhi of s(h)tlv-i prov ... | 1990 | 2160885 |
| heterogeneity of antigen molecules recognized by anti-tax1 monoclonal antibody lt-4 in cell lines bearing human t cell leukemia virus type i and related retroviruses. | using a monoclonal antibody, lt-4, directed against human t cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) trans-activator (tax1) antigen, we examined the expression of tax1 and related antigens in a variety of t cell lines bearing htlv-i and related retroviruses, simian t cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i) and htlv-ii, by immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. lt-4 reacted with all htlv-i-bearing cell lines tested and five out of eight simian cell lines bearing stlv-i, but not with an htlv-ii-bearing ... | 1990 | 2161813 |
| subunit vaccine protects macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) against simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i challenge. | five macaques received two vaccinations consisting of soluble human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i proteins from a cell/serum-free human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i-producing cell line. five other macaques were vaccine controls. all were challenged with a simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i-producing cell line. the vaccinated macaques generated a strong serological response to challenge as opposed to the control macaques. western blot analysis of the sera showed that both groups recog ... | 1990 | 2167165 |
| prevalence of natural infection with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i in a breeding colony of sooty mangabey monkeys. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsmm) and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i) in a captive breeding colony of sooty mangabey monkeys was determined, and infection by sivsmm was confirmed in all cases by virus isolation. among 138 animals tested, 57 and 33% were infected with sivsmm and stlv-i, respectively. while the proportion of female mangabeys (66%) differed significantly (p less than 0.01) from the proportion of male mangabeys (42%) infected wit ... | 1990 | 2168716 |
| evaluation of a htlv-1 subunit vaccine in prevention of experimental stlv-i infection in macaca nemestrina. | pig-tailed macaques were vaccinated with a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) subunit vaccine. vaccinates and controls were challenged with simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i)-infected cells. vaccination yielded antibody responses to htlv-i and stlv-i gag and env precursors. controls developed htlv-i and stlv-i antibody to gag and tax protein. immunization produced syncytium inhibiting antibody and cellular cytotoxicity to virus-infected cells. reverse transcriptase act ... | 1990 | 2172541 |
| efficacy of an htlv-1 subunit vaccine in prevention of a stlv-1 infection in pig-tailed macaques. | three pig-tailed macaques were vaccinated twice, four weeks apart, with a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) subunit vaccine. four weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinated macaques and two control monkeys were challenged with a simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1)-infected cell line. following the first vaccination, an antibody response developed to htlv-1 and stlv-1 viral proteins as visualized by western blot. the antibody recognized both gag and env protein precursors a ... | 1990 | 2178125 |
| serological survey and virus isolation of simian t-cell leukemia/t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) in non-human primates in their native countries. | infection with a simian retrovirus (stlv-i) closely related to human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was investigated in non-human primates living in their native countries in africa and asia. serum antibodies cross-reacting with htlv-i antigens were detected in 85 of 567 non-human primates of 30 species. seropositive animals were found among african green monkeys, olive baboons, sykes' monkeys, mandrills and patas monkeys in several countries in africa, and cynomolgus monkeys, celebes maca ... | 1987 | 2440820 |
| species-dependent antigenicity of the 34-kda glycoprotein found on the membrane of various primate lymphocytes transformed by human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i) and simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv-i). | sixteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against ta34 antigen found on the surface of human t-cell leukemia virus type-i (htlv-i) infected cells were prepared. these mabs and one previously prepared anti-ta34 mab (tag34) recognized 34-kda peptide not only in htlv-i-infected cells, but also in cells infected with simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv-i), which is analogous in antigenicity and gene structure to htlv-i. radioimmuno-precipitation (rip) tests with the mabs showed that ta34 antigen had at le ... | 1988 | 2448251 |
| human retroviruses: a common virology. | there are five known human retroviruses: human t-lymphotropic virus-i (htlv-i), htlv-ii, htlv-v, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), and hiv-2. these are related to animal lentiviruses. the simian retroviruses, simian t-lymphotropic virus-i (stlv-i) and stlv-iii are related closely to htlv-i and hiv-2 respectively. htlv-i and htlv-ii and, possibly, htlv-v are transforming agents that immortalize the cd4 cell. in contrast, hiv-1 and hiv-2 cause this cell to lyse, resulting in immunodeficiency ... | 1989 | 2520546 |
| increased peripheral lymphocytes, lymphoid hepatitis and anaemia in african vervet monkeys seropositive to retroviruses. | wild-caught african vervet monkeys are commonly infected by simian t-lymphotropic virus i (stlv1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), yet the natural histories of these infections are largely unknown. seropositivity was associated with increased total, t and atypical lymphocytes. in seropositive females there was mild, normocytic, normochromic anaemia. lymphoid hepatitis was present in seven seropositive cases. african vervets used in biomedical research, vaccine production and organ transp ... | 1989 | 2551937 |
| chronic fatal disease in gorillas seropositive for simian t-lymphotropic virus i antibodies. | sera from 10 gorillas were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay, western blotting and elisa to human t-lymphotropic viruses for cross-reacting with antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus i (stlv-i). four were antibody positive. of the 4 seropositive gorillas, one has remained healthy, while 3 have died with similar disease problems as reconstructed from clinical records. it is not known whether a causal relationship exists between these diseases and stlv-i retrovirus infection. | 1987 | 2822228 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type i isolates from gabon and ghana: comparative analysis of proviral genomes. | two isolates of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) were obtained from lymphocyte cultures of a healthy carrier in gabon and another in ghana. their proviruses were analyzed by southern blot hybridization and compared with prototypical htlv-i isolated in japan and the united states. the provirus genomes of both strains were highly homologous to the prototype htlv-i along the whole viral genome. the restriction endonuclease sites of the ghanian isolate were almost identical with those of ... | 1987 | 2825405 |
| establishment of primate lymphoblastic cell lines by coculture with a simian t-cell leukemia virus-1 positive, hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase negative japanese macaque cell line. | a cell line (jamh17+) resistant to 8-azaguanine was established from a human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 related virus (simian t-cell leukemia virus-1) positive japanese macaque cell line. lymphoblastic cell lines were established from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of humans, hominoids, and several species of macaques by coculture with jamh17+ in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. htlv-1 specific antigen was detected in some of the established cell lines. phenotypic analysis sh ... | 1988 | 2835483 |
| development of adult t-cell leukemia-like disease in african green monkey associated with clonal integration of simian t-cell leukemia virus type i. | proviral integration of a simian retrovirus highly homologous to human t-cell leukemia virus type i was examined in cellular dnas extracted from primary peripheral blood lymphocytes of 31 adult african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) that were seropositive for simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). among these monkeys, one case with overt leukemia, showing pleomorphic leukemia cells similar to those in human adult t-cell leukemia (atl), and five cases in a preleukemic state of atl- ... | 1987 | 2878717 |
| prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. | the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ... | 1988 | 2895751 |
| immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i)-producing rabbit lymphoid cell lines. | fine structural and immunocytochemical characterization of rabbit lymphoid cell lines transformed by human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was carried out. all nine cell lines tested were reactive with anti-htlv-i-positive human, monkey, and rabbit sera and monoclonal antibody to htlv-ip 19, but not with anti-htlv-i-negative sera and monoclonal antibodies to human ia and pan-t antigens. all cell lines were strongly positive for monoclonal antibodies to rabbit ia and pan-t antigens. ultrastr ... | 1988 | 2899999 |
| stlv-i antibodies in feral populations of east african vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | serum samples from feral populations of african green monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were screened for antibodies to the simian t-lymphotropic virus, type i (stlv-i). blood samples had been collected from 336 monkeys in 4 regions of central and southern kenya in 1978 and 1979, from 114 monkeys in central ethiopia in 1973, and from 85 monkeys from the kampala region of uganda in 1966. a total of 178/535 monkeys (33%) were seropositive (stlv-i+). only 4/114 monkeys (4%) from ethiopia were seropo ... | 1986 | 3019900 |
| isolation and characterization of a new simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 from naturally infected celebes macaques (macaca tonkeana): complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationship with the australo-melanesian human t-cell leukemia virus type 1. | a study of simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) infection in a captive colony of 23 macaca tonkeana macaques indicated that 17 animals had high human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) antibody titers. genealogical analysis suggested mainly a mother-to-offspring transmission of this stlv-1. three long-term t-cell lines, established from peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from three stlv-1-seropositive monkeys, produced htlv-1 gag and env antigens and retroviral particles. the ... | 1995 | 7474117 |
| isolation and characterization of simian t-cell leukemia virus type ii from new world monkeys. | since the description of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) and its simian counterpart, simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i), the possible existence of other related simian retroviruses has been raised. here, we report a new retrovirus, stlv-ii, which we have identified in spider monkeys (ateles fusciceps), a new world primate species. initially, a recombinant htlv-ii envelope protein (rp-iib) was used to identify anti-stlv-ii antibodies in new world monkeys by western blot (imm ... | 1994 | 7507178 |
| immune recognition of genetically diverse simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i isolates. | nucleotide sequence analysis of selected regions of the gag, pol, env and px genes of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains indicated that african isolates were more closely related to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) than asian isolates. despite these recent comparative studies on nucleotide sequence homology between htlv-i and stlv-i isolates, only limited information is available regarding the influence of genetic differences on antigen-antibody recognition o ... | 1995 | 7535998 |
| [large-cell anaplastic malignant cd30/ki-1-positive t-type lymphoma, associated with stlv-1 virus (baboon malignant lymphoma model]. | large-cell anaplastic malignant lymphoma of t-type (t-lcal) as an original form among human non-hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in updated kiel classification (1988) was defined. in human pathology t-lcal presents a considerable diagnostic difficulties and is not associated with htlv except some cutaneous forms. comparative examination was carried out in 5 cases of baboon t-lcal as a part of long-term investigation of the lymphoma outbreak in sukhumi monkey stock. in tumor-bearing baboons routine ... | 1995 | 7615247 |
| spontaneously generated non-hodgkin's lymphoma in twenty-seven simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 antibody-positive baboons (papio species). | simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1), a type c retrovirus associated with leukemia/lymphoma in old world monkeys, is closely related to human t-cell leukemia virus type 1, the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma in humans. in a colony of 3200 baboons, the prevalence of antibodies to stlv-1 is more than 40%. seropositivity is more frequent in female baboons than in males and increases with age. of 27 stlv-1 antibody-positive baboons with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, 20 were femal ... | 1993 | 7901450 |
| [a new variant of the simian t-lymphotropic retrovirus type i (stlv-if) in the sukhumi colony of hamadryas baboons]. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1) infection of p. hamadryas and direct sequencing using oligo-nucleotide primer pairs specific for the tax and env regions of the related human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1). excellent specificity was shown in the detection of stlv-1 provirus in infected baboons by pcr using htlv-1-derived primers. the nucleotide sequences of env 467bp and tax 159bp of the proviral genome (env posi ... | 1993 | 7905690 |
| phylogenetic associations of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i strains: evidence for interspecies transmission. | homologous env sequences from 17 human t-leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) strains from throughout the world and from 25 simian t-leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains from 12 simian species in asia and africa were analyzed in a phylogenetic context as an approach to resolving the natural history of these related retroviruses. stlv-i exhibited greater overall sequence variation between strains (1 to 18% compared with 0 to 9% for htlv-i), supporting the simian origin of th ... | 1994 | 7908063 |
| sexual transmission of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i: a model of human t-lymphotropic virus type i infection. | simian t-lymphotropic virus type-i (stlv-i) seronegative females placed together with seropositive males for breeding purposes were followed from 1984-1990 to determined seroconversion rates by enzyme immunoassay and western immunoblot analysis. two of 26 females and 1 of 4 males previously negative for antibodies to stlv-i seroconverted during the study period. statistical analysis of sexual encounters indicated that the probability of a seronegative female testing positive for stlv-i after a s ... | 1994 | 7908709 |
| spontaneous renal lymphosarcoma in a juvenile cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis). | spontaneous lymphosarcoma, likely of renal origin, was diagnosed in a naive, juvenile, male cynomolgus monkey (macaca fascicularis). histologically, renal architecture was effaced by dense infiltrating sheets of plump cells with indistinct borders and scant amphophilic cytoplasm. mitoses were uncommon. similar neoplastic infiltrates were also present in the right renal cortex, one adrenal medulla, the prostate, seminal vesicles, myocardium, and the pulmonary interstitium. serological tests were ... | 1994 | 7932641 |
| genotyping of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i using australo-melanesian topotype-specific oligonucleotide primer-based polymerase chain reaction: insights into viral evolution and dissemination. | sequence variants of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), genetically distinct from cosmopolitan strains of htlv-i from japan, the americas, the caribbean, and africa, have been discovered among melanesians in papua new guinea and the solomon islands and among australian aboriginals. by using oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from sequences unique to the gp46- and gp21-encoding regions of the env gene of the melanesian htlv-i variants, htlv-i strains from widely separated geograph ... | 1994 | 7995973 |
| primate t-lymphotropic virus type i ltr sequence variation and its phylogenetic analysis: compatibility with an african origin of ptlv-i. | due to the low evolutionary rate and the limited horizontal transmission of human t-lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i), its phylogenetic analysis reveals the movements and contacts of ancient populations. since simian strains cannot be distinguished from human strains by phylogenetic criteria, this virus has appropriately been called primate t-lymphotropic virus type i (ptlv-i). we sequenced the ltr of six ptlv-i strains: three htlv-i strains from african patients with tropical spastic parapare ... | 1994 | 8009833 |
| genetic analysis and molecular phylogeny of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i: evidence for independent virus evolution in asia and africa. | type c retroviruses, designated simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i), have been isolated from several genera of old world monkeys and apes, but not from new world monkeys and prosimians. to determine the genomic diversity and molecular evolution of stlv-i and to clarify their genetic relationship to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced selected regions of the gag, pol, env, and px genes of stlv-i strains from asia and af ... | 1994 | 8116255 |
| identification of functional regions in the human t-cell leukemia virus type i su glycoprotein. | single conservative and nonconservative amino acid substitutions were introduced into the gp45 external envelope protein (su) of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). the mutated amino acids were those identified as being conserved in htlv-i, htlv-ii, and simian t-cell leukemia virus type i (but not in bovine leukemia virus). the mutated envelopes were tested for intracellular maturation and for function. mutants with three major phenotypes could be defined: (i) 9 mutants with a wild-type ... | 1994 | 8189493 |
| seroepidemiologic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of simian t-cell leukemia viruses (stlv-i) from various naturally infected monkey species from central and western africa. | a study of simian t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus infection, conducted on 747 nonhuman primates belonging to 14 different species in central and western africa, indicated that 4 species (cercopithecus aethiops, erythrocebus patas, papio doguera, and cercopithecus mona pogonias) had a high prevalence of seropositivity to simian t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). the other nonhuman primate species, however, had negative or low levels of anti-htlv-i antibodies. stlv-i pol and env dna wa ... | 1994 | 8259665 |
| phylogenetic subtypes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i and their relations to the anthropological background. | isolates of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) were phylogenetically analyzed from native inhabitants in india and south america (colombia and chile) and from ainu (regarded as pure japanese descendants from the preagricultural "jomon" period). their genomes were partially sequenced together with isolates from gabon in central africa and from ghana in west africa. the phylogenetic tree was constructed from the sequence data obtained and those of previously reported htlv-i isolates and si ... | 1994 | 8302841 |
| morphological characteristics of malignant t-cell lymphomas in baboons. | fifteen cases of generalized peripheral t-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma in baboons were phenotyped immunologically and morphologically. using the updated kiel classification the cases included low-grade and high-grade lymphomas and low-grade lymphomas that had transformed into high-grade lymphomas. in the low-grade group there were seven cases of lymphocytic type, partly corresponding to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of t type and to t-zone lymphoma in man. in addition there were four cases of pro ... | 1993 | 8385378 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a new stlv-i from a naturally infected tantalus monkey from central africa. | simian t-cell leukemia virus (stlv-i) is an oncovirus highly related to human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i). to further examine the extent of variability, dissemination patterns, phylogeny, and evolution of these viruses, we analyzed a new stlv-i variant from a naturally infected cercopithecus aethiops var. tantalus from the central african republic. sequence analyses of its ltr, gag, pol, env, and px (orfii) genes indicated that this isolate, stlv-i (tan 90), is 6% divergent from the pr ... | 1993 | 8390757 |
| antibody responses to the env epitopes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i in rhesus macaques' naturally infected with simian t-lymphotropic virus type i. | synthetic peptides derived from the env protein of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) were used to identify the immunodominant motifs in rhesus macaques naturally infected with simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i). of the 13 peptides derived from the env protein of htlv-i, env-1(191-214) and env-5(242-257) reacted with 81% (44/54) and 54% (29/54) of specimens from infected monkeys, respectively. a recombinant protein (mta-i162-209) reacted with 53 of 54 (98%) stlv-i-infected serum ... | 1993 | 8395074 |
| the sukhumi primate monkey model for viral lymphomogenesis: high incidence of lymphomas with presence of stlv-i and ebv-like virus. | t-cell leukemia virus-like proviral sequences (stlv-i) as well as ebv-like sequences were detected in pbls and tissues of non-human primates (papio hamadryas baboons, green monkeys and macaca arctoides; sukhumi primate center/georgia) by pcr. surprisingly, two different types of stlv-i within papio hamadryas baboons were found. one of its represents the baboon prototype stlv-i-su described earlier, present in lymphomatous baboons from the "high-lymphoma stock", which shows about 83% homology to ... | 1993 | 8395624 |
| identification of a type-specific protein that differentiates serologically between human t cell lymphotropic virus types i and ii. | the 24-kda band formed when sera of humans infected with human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-1) were reacted with htlv-i lysates in conventional western blot (wb) assays was found to be composed of two immunologically unrelated proteins of 24- and 23-kda. p24, but not p23, carries epitopes shared by the major core proteins of the other known transactivating c-type retroviruses. p23 is unrelated immunologically to the env and tax htlv-i products but partly cross-reacts with htlv-i p19. a ... | 1993 | 8486936 |
| molecular phylogeny and dissemination of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i viewed within the context of primate evolution and human migration. | a renewed interest in the emergence and evolution of the primate t-cell lymphotropic viruses has followed the discovery of genetically distinct variants of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in melanesia and australia. phylogenetic trees based on selected regions of the gag, pol, env and px genes of htlv-i from widely separated geographic regions and of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) from african and asian catarrhines, constructed using the neighbor-joining and max ... | 1995 | 8574142 |
| multiple interspecies transmissions of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i sequences. | using two sets of nucleotide sequences of the human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i/stlv-i), one consisting of 522 bp of the env gene from 70 viral strains and the other a 140-bp segment from the pol gene of 52 viral strains, i estimated cladograms based on a statistical parsimony procedure that was developed specifically to estimate within-species gene trees. an extension of a nesting procedure is offered for sequence data that forms nested clades used in hypothesis tes ... | 1996 | 8583886 |
| the presence of a divergent t-lymphotropic virus in a wild-caught pygmy chimpanzee (pan paniscus) supports an african origin for the human t-lymphotropic/simian t-lymphotropic group of viruses. | we isolated a divergent simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) (strain pp1664) from a wild-caught african bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee, pan paniscus). molecular and phylogenetic characterization of this virus show that it reliably separates from the two well-established primate t-lymphotropic virus types, htlv-i/stlv-i (ptlv-i) and ptlv-ii, and from a third type isolated from an african-born papio hamadryas and designated by us as ptlv-l. four of eight bonobos kept at the antwerp zoo, belgium, showed an ... | 1996 | 8609475 |
| the three human t-lymphotropic virus type i subtypes arose from three geographically distinct simian reservoirs. | to investigate the origin of human t-lymphotropic virus i (htlv-i), strains of diverse geographical origin were analysed. we sequenced the ltr and env genes of htlv-i strains from brazil, central african republic, taiwan and zaire, and the simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strain phsu1 from a baboon from the sukhumi primate centre. we performed phylogenetic analyses using neighbour-joining, parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. three separate htlv-i clusters were identified intersp ... | 1996 | 8627240 |
| interspecies transmission of macaque simian t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 in baboons resulted in an outbreak of malignant lymphoma. | an outbreak of malignant lymphoma has been observed in one of the baboon (papio hamadryas) stocks of sukhumi primate center. more than 300 cases in this "high-lymphoma stock" have been registered since 1967. human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1)-related virus was implicated as the etiologic agent of sukhumi baboon lymphoma. the origin of this virus remained unclear. two possibilities were originally considered: the origin could be baboon simian t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (st ... | 1996 | 8627684 |
| sequence variation and subtyping of human and simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i strains from south africa. | we report on the subtyping of south african primate t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (ptlv-i) strains by investigating the ltr region using sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) techniques. dna from either uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs); cultured pbmc or cell lines of eight human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i); and two simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains (cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus) were amplified by p ... | 1996 | 8673535 |
| molecular epidemiology of htlv-i in the world. | the geographic distribution of human t-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) was initially believed to be limited to southwestern japan, the caribbean basin, and africa. however, extensive searches in recent years have discovered its existence in other areas of the world as well as in isolated, ethnic populations such as south amerindians, australo-melanesian aborigines, religiously segregated jews, and pygmies. previous genetic analyses indicated that htlv-i can be phylogenetically c ... | 1996 | 8797715 |
| what is the situation of human t cell lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) in africa? origin and dissemination of genomic subtypes. | human t cell lymphotropic virus type ii (htlv-ii) and its two genomic subtypes, a and b, which differ by 3 to 6% at the nucleotide level (depending on the gene studied), were until recently considered to be endemic only in certain indian tribes in the americas and were therefore considered mainly as a "new world virus." first, the evidence of htlv-ii antibodies and later characterization of isolates from sex workers or individuals living in large west and central african cities suggested that ht ... | 1996 | 8797728 |
| phylogenetic characterization of simian t lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) from the ethiopian sacred baboon (papio hamadryas). | | 1996 | 8835205 |
| constitutive cytokine release by simian t-cell lymphotrophic virus type i (stlv-i) and human t-cell lymphotrophic virus types i/ii (htlv-i/ii) transformed cell lines. | simian t-cell lymphotrophic virus type i (stlv-i) and human t-cell lymphotrophic virus types i/ii (htlv-i/ii) contain the tax gene which can transactivate the transcription of viral and cellular genes including several cytokines. these investigations used two stlv-i and four different htlv-i/ii transformed cell lines to quantitate constitutive cytokine release, p24 antigen production, and to correlate gag p24 antigen and cytokine release. these investigations are the first to report 1) quantitat ... | 1996 | 8906604 |
| molecular epidemiology of 58 new african human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) strains: identification of a new and distinct htlv-1 molecular subtype in central africa and in pygmies. | to gain new insights on the origin, evolution, and modes of dissemination of human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-1), we performed a molecular analysis of 58 new african htlv-1 strains (18 from west africa, 36 from central africa, and 4 from south africa) originating from 13 countries. of particular interest were eight strains from pygmies of remote areas of cameroon and the central african republic (car), considered to be the oldest inhabitants of these regions. eight long-term activated t- ... | 1997 | 8995656 |
| isolation of stlv-i from orangutan, a great ape species in southeast asia, and its relation to other htlv-is/stlv-is. | to study the evolutionary origin of human t-lymphotropic virus type i/simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i/stlv-i), we isolated and characterized stlv-i from orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). plasma samples from 3 out of 41 animals examined were reactive by particle agglutination and immunofluorescence, and one of these three was confirmed to be anti-htlv-i antibody-positive by western blotting (wb). cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the wb-positive orangutan were reactive to ant ... | 1997 | 9045888 |
| simian t cell leukemia virus type i from naturally infected feral monkeys from central and west africa encodes a 91-amino acid p12 (orf-i) protein as opposed to a 99-amino acid protein encoded by htlv type i from humans. | a single protein of 12 kda, p12 is encoded by the htlv-i genome from both the singly spliced mrna px-orf-i and doubly spliced mrna px-rex-orf-i. while many full-length sequences of htlv-1 are known, data on the p12 regions of african stlv-i are unavailable. we have undertaken to sequence the p12 gene in stlv-i from central and west africa naturally infected primates, and have compared them to known p12 sequences of htlv-i. our data on sequence and in vitro transcription-translation analyses indi ... | 1997 | 9075484 |
| simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1) infection in wild yellow baboons (papio hamadryas cynocephalus) from mikumi national park, tanzania. | serum and peripheral blood leukocytes from wild yellow baboons (papio hamadryas cynocephalus) were tested for the presence of stlv-1-specific antibodies and proviral dna. fourteen of 30 sera tested positive by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) with htlv-1. among 36 dna samples tested by pcr 15 were positive by double nested pcr for a fragment of the stlv-1 env gene, the most sensitive assay among pcr tests employed. of 30 animals that were tested both serologically and by pcr in only 1 case ... | 1997 | 9123842 |
| [morpho-immunologic phenotypes of t-cell non-hodgkin's malignant lymphoma in baboons and their connection with with t-lymphotropic retrovirus stlv-1]. | 8 cytological types were detected among 58 cases of t-nhl of papio hamadryas according to human updated kiel classification (1988). 5 of them were of low grade (lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, t-zone, angioimmunoblastic, small cell pleomorphic) and 3-of high grade (medium and large cell pleomorphic, immunoblastic, large cell anaplastic cd30/ki-1+). there are differences in a tumor structure and generalization in baboon and human lymphomas in spite of significant similarities. stlv-1 presence (antib ... | 1997 | 9139601 |
| the tax gene sequences form two divergent monophyletic lineages corresponding to types i and ii of simian and human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. | evolutionary associations of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses i and ii (htlv-i/ii and stlv-i/ii) are inferred from phylogenetic analysis of tax gene sequences. samples studied consisted of a geographically diverse assemblage of viral strains obtained from 10 human subjects and 20 individuals representing 12 species of nonhuman primates. sequence analyses identified distinct substitutions, which distinguished between viral types i and ii, irrespective of host species. phyloge ... | 1997 | 9143307 |
| phylogenetic relationships of htlv-i/stlv-i in the world. | in an effort to delineate the origin and evolution of htlv-i/stlv-i, we have been conducting phylogenetic analyses on ltr sequences of this virus group. htlv-i isolates newly analyzed in the present study were from iran, south africa, cameroon, sakhalin and brazil where little is known concerning the genetic features of htlv-i. in addition, stlv-i isolates were obtained from non-human primates in africa and asia including an isolate from orangutans in indonesia. proviral ltr sequences were ampli ... | 1997 | 9209294 |
| levels and role of cytokines in bovine leukemia virus (blv) infection. | bovine leukemia virus belongs to a small subfamily of exogenous retroviruses that includes the human retroviruses htlv-1, htlv-ii and the simian virus, stlv-1. like other retroviruses, infection with blv results in deregulation of the host immune system at both humoral and cellular levels. an approach which might help in the elucidation of some immune impairment phenomena is the investigation of the role that cytokines play in the pathogenesis and immune response of blv infected animals. here we ... | 1997 | 9209346 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of a new, highly divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1marc1) in macaca arctoides. | a serological survey of a captive colony of asian monkeys indicated that six macaca arctoides had antibodies to human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses (htlv). over a 4-year interval, sera from these animals continued to exhibit a peculiar western blot (wb) pattern resembling an htlv-2 pattern (p24gag reactivity of equal or greater intensity than that of p19gag and a strong reactivity to recombinant gp21) but also exhibiting, in five of six cases, a reactivity against mta-1, an htlv-1 gp46 pe ... | 1997 | 9223528 |
| isolation of sooty mangabey simian t-cell leukemia virus type i [stlv-i(sm)] and characterization of a mangabey t-cell line coinfected with stlv-i(sm) and simian immunodeficiency virus sivsmmpbj14. | it has been postulated that dual infections of humans with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus (htlv) may potentiate disease progression. counterparts of both of these pathogenic human retroviruses have been identified in various simian species indigenous to asia and africa, including sooty mangabey monkeys (cercocebus atys). using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from a mangabey naturally infected with both siv and stlv-i, t-cell lines were e ... | 1997 | 9281507 |
| detection of simian t cell leukemia virus type i infection in seronegative macaques. | simian species of asian and african origin are naturally infected with the simian t cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). like the closely related human t cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i), stlv-i is primarily cell associated, and typical infections exhibit low viral burdens. four macaques experimentally inoculated with a new stlv-i strain isolated from a sooty mangabey monkey were examined over extended periods of time for signs of infection by (1) commercial enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot ... | 1997 | 9282820 |
| phylogenetic analysis of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) in common chimpanzees (pan troglodytes): evidence for interspecies transmission of the virus between chimpanzees and humans in central africa. | serum and peripheral blood leukocytes from the chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) of the colony of the laboratory of central nervous system studies, national institute of neurological disorders and stroke, nih, were tested for the presence of stlv-i-specific antibodies and proviral dna. antibodies were determined by gelatin particle agglutination and western blot (wb) assays utilizing htlv-i antigens. proviral dna was detected by four pcr assays targeting three different regions of stlv-i genome: the ... | 1997 | 9400594 |
| simian t cell leukemia virus type i-induced malignant adult t cell leukemia-like disease in a naturally infected african green monkey: implication of cd8+ t cell leukemia. | spontaneous t cell leukemia was found in an african green monkey (cercopithecus aethiops, agm) naturally infected with simian t cell leukemia virus type i (stlv-i). the hematological features and the evidence for monoclonal integration of provirus dna in the leukemic cells revealed that the leukemia was an atl-like disease. the expression of surface markers on the leukemic cells indicated that they were defined as an activated cd8+ t cell subset. together with the finding that seven in vitro spo ... | 1998 | 9519898 |
| two new human t-lymphotropic virus type i phylogenetic subtypes in seroindeterminates, a mbuti pygmy and a gabonese, have closest relatives among african stlv-i strains. | six new htlv-i strains from seroindeterminate individuals were analyzed: four from gabon, one from a mbuti efe pygmy in congo (formerly zaire), and one from a congolese patient residing in belgium. the ltr and env regions were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed to characterize the new strains. nucleotide divergence and phylogeny results showed that four of the new strains belong to the htlv-ib central african subtype. the other two strains, one from the efe pygmy and one from gab ... | 1998 | 9657946 |
| simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 from mandrillus sphinx as a simian counterpart of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 subtype d. | a recent serological and molecular survey of a semifree-ranging colony of mandrills (mandrillus sphinx) living in gabon, central africa, indicated that 6 of 102 animals, all males, were infected with simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1). these animals naturally live in the same forest area as do human inhabitants (mostly pygmies) who are infected by the recently described human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) subtype d. we therefore investigated whether these mandrills were ... | 1998 | 9811783 |
| evolutionary inferences of novel simian t lymphotropic virus type 1 from wild-caught chacma (papio ursinus) and olive baboons (papio anubis). | a serological survey of 22 wild-caught south african (transvaal) chacma baboons (papio ursinus) and eight olive baboons (papio anubis) from kenya indicates that 13 p. ursinus and one p. anubis have antibodies reacting with human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (htlv-1) antigens, whereas three p. ursinus had a indeterminate reactivity on western blot analysis. with six primer sets specific to either htlv-1-simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (stlv-1) or htlv-2 and encompassing long terminal ... | 1998 | 9813204 |
| acute fulminant sarcocystosis in a captive-born rhesus macaque. | a captive-born juvenile female rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) was acquired from a commercial breeder and placed in quarantine. within 8 days of arrival, the animal became anorexic, inactive, and dehydrated. subsequently, generalized edema and facial ecchymoses developed, and despite supportive therapy, the animal became moribund and was euthanatized. macroscopic examination showed diffuse stippling and streaking of the myocardium. histopathologic examination revealed multifocal to coalescing my ... | 1998 | 9823591 |
| simian t-lymphotropic virus type i infection among wild-caught indonesian pig-tailed macaques (macaca nemestrina). | evidence for the presence of simian t-lymphotropic viruses (stlv-i) was identified in live-caught pig-tailed macaques from two locations in southern sumatra, indonesia. of 60 animals tested, 13.3% of the animals showed seroreactivity to htlv-i/ii enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antigens. of these, 75% showed indeterminate reactivity and 25% showed positive reactivity to htlv-i/ii western blot antigens. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of 6 of 8 seroreactive monkeys' peripheral ... | 1998 | 9859970 |
| quantification of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 proviral load by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been established as a highly sensitive technique for detection of viral dna or rna. however, due to inherent limitations of pcr the amount of amplified product often does not correlate with the initial amount of template dna. this is particularly true for pcr detection of viral infections that are characterized by low in vivo viral copy numbers in certain stages of the infection, such as human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) and simian t-cell lym ... | 1998 | 9870588 |
| coinfection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian t cell leukemia virus type i: effects on virus burdens and disease progression. | to test the hypothesis that coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus types i or ii (htlv-i or -ii) accelerates progression to aids, pig-tailed macaques were inoculated with the simian counterparts, siv and stlv-i. during 2 years of follow-up of singly and dually infected macaques, no differences in siv burdens, onset of disease, or survival were detected. however, in the first coinfected macaque that died of aids (1 year after infection), >50% ... | 1999 | 9952366 |
| genomic evolution, patterns of global dissemination, and interspecies transmission of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. | using both env and long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences, with maximal representation of genetic diversity within primate strains, we revise and expand the unique evolutionary history of human and simian t-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses (htlv/stlv). based on the robust application of three different phylogenetic algorithms of minimum evolution-neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood, we address overall levels of genetic diversity, specific rates of mutation within and betw ... | 1999 | 10400920 |
| [cytogenic characteristics and virogenic status of lymphoid cells from malignant baboon lymphomas]. | four lymphoid cell cultures obtained from papio hamadryads with malignant lymphomas were studied. the cultured cells produced two lymphotropic ebv-like herpes virus of papio (hvp) and t-lymphotropic monkey retrovirus stlv-1 (htlv-1 family) or hvp alone. more than 100 subcultured cell lines were shown to remain mixed b- and t-cellular, the levels of t cells of different subpopulations were 15-50%. cytogenetic investigations showed that one of the 4 cultures was tumorogenic and the others were der ... | 1999 | 10467886 |
| a novel epstein-barr virus-like virus, hv(mne), in a macaca nemestrina with mycosis fungoides. | epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection of humans has been associated with the development of lymphoid malignancies mainly of b-cell lineage, although occasionally t-cell lymphomas have been reported. we describe here the characterization of a novel ebv-like virus (hv(mne)) isolated from a simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i/ii (stlv-i/ii) seronegative pigtailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) with a cutaneous t-cell lymphoma. immunohistochemistry studies on the skin lesions demonstrated that the inf ... | 1999 | 10477739 |
| the discovery of two new divergent stlvs has implications for the evolution and epidemiology of htlvs. | we have isolated and characterised two divergent simian t-lymphotropic viruses (stlv), not belonging to the established human and simian t-lymphotropic virus lineages htlv-1/stlv-1 and htlv-2. stlv-l, from an eritrean sacred baboon (papio hamadryas), has been typed as a third type of simian t-lymphotropic virus, distinct from htlv-1/stlv-1 and htlv-2. the other virus, isolated from congolese bonobos (pan paniscus), is a distinct member of the htlv-2 clade and has been designated stlv-2. the isol ... | 1999 | 10479777 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to simian t-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus (stlv-i) in non-human primate colonies in kenya. | retroviruses closely related to the human t-cell leukaemia/lymphotrophic virus type i (htlv-i) have been detected in several, non-human, primate species. these retroviruses are called simian t-lymphotrophic virus type i (stlv-i). infection with stlv-i has been associated with lymphoma and leukaemia in macaques, baboons, african green monkeys and gorillas. however, no stlv-i infection has been detected in new world primates, although stlv-ii has been detected in spider monkeys. when sera from 10 ... | 1999 | 10562831 |
| different models, different trees: the geographic origin of ptlv-i. | using nucleotide sequences from three genomic regions of the human and simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i/stlv-i)-consisting of 69 sequences from a 140-bp segment of the pol region, 98 sequences from a 503-bp segment of the ltr, and 154 sequences from a 386-bp segment of the env region-we tested two hypotheses concerning the geographic origin and evolution of stlv-i and htlv-i. first, we tested the assumption of equal rates of evolution along stlv-i and htlv-i lineages using a likel ... | 1999 | 10603262 |
| tempo and mode of human and simian t-lymphotropic virus (htlv/stlv) evolution revealed by analyses of full-genome sequences. | we investigated the tempo and mode of evolution of the primate t-lymphotropic viruses (ptlvs). several different models of nucleotide substitution were tested on a general phylogenetic tree obtained using the 20 full-genome htlv/stlv sequences available. the likelihood ratio test showed that the tamura and nei model with discrete gamma-distributed rates among sites is the best-fitting substitution model. the heterogeneity of nucleotide substitution rates along the ptlv genome was further investi ... | 2000 | 10723738 |
| intrinsic susceptibility of rhesus macaque peripheral cd4(+) t cells to simian immunodeficiency virus in vitro is predictive of in vivo viral replication. | previous studies with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection of rhesus macaques suggested that the intrinsic susceptibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to infection with siv in vitro was predictive of relative viremia after siv challenge. the present study was conducted to evaluate this parameter in a well-characterized cohort of six rhesus macaques selected for marked differences in susceptibility to siv infection in vitro. rank order relative susceptibility of pbmc to s ... | 2000 | 11000207 |
| [epidemiology, origin and genetic diversity of htlv-1 retrovirus and stlv-1 simian affiliated retrovirus]. | human t cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i, the first human oncogenic retrovirus, is the aetiological factor of adult t cell leukemia (atl), a cd4+ malignant lymphoproliferative disease and of a chronic neuromyelopathy, the tropical spastic paraparesis or htlv-1 associated myelopathy (tsp/ham). htlv-1, which infects from 15 to 25 million individuals world-wide, is highly endemic in certain areas such as south-western japan, central africa, the caribbean basin and some regions of south america, ... | 2000 | 11030050 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of a new simian t cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in a wild-caught african baboon (papio anubis) with an indeterminate stlv type 2-like serology. | stlv-1 viruses are closely related to htlv-1 and infect many african monkey species. seroreactivities of monkeys infected by stlv-1 are nearly identical to those of htlv-1-infected individuals. in some cases, stlv-1 are, sequence-wise, indistinguishable from htlv-1, and cannot be separated from them on the basis of phylogenetic analyses. htlv-2-related simian viruses have been rarely reported. such stlv-2 viruses, present in african bonobo (pan paniscus), possess a genomic organization related t ... | 2000 | 11153087 |
| [a virus called htlv-1. epidemiological aspects]. | geographic distribution and transmission: htlv-1 is not an ubiquitous virus. 15 to 25 million subjects are estimated to be infected. endemic areas are recognized in southern japan, tropical africa, the caribbean, some areas in central and south america, and in few regions of the middle east and melanesia. in these endemic zones, 0.5 to 50% of the population, depending on age and gender, have specific antibodies against htlv-1 antigens. interhuman transmission can occur from mother to child by pr ... | 2000 | 11196061 |
| dating the origin of the african human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) subtypes. | to investigate the origin of the african ptlv-i virus, we phylogenetically analyzed the available htlv-i and stlv-i strains. we also attempted to date the presumed interspecies transmissions that resulted in the african htlv-i subtypes. molecular-clock analysis was performed using the tamura-nei substitution model and gamma distributed rate heterogeneity based on the maximum-likelihood topology of the combined long-terminal-repeat and env third-codon-position sequences. since the molecular clock ... | 2001 | 11264418 |
| chronic myelocytic leukemia in a juvenile rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | myeloid neoplasia has been studied extensively in human beings but has not been reported in macaques. a 2-year-old female rhesus macaque that was experimentally exposed to lead as a neonate, was noted to have immature circulating myelocytic cells, including 1% blasts, and normocytic normochromic anemia on a blood sample obtained for monthly health monitoring. the animal was treated with hydroxyurea, blood transfusion, and recombinant human erythropoietin to reduce the leukocytosis and correct th ... | 2001 | 11451396 |
| molecular biology and pathogenesis of the human t-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus type-1 (htlv-1). | retroviruses are associated with a variety of diseases, including immunological and neurological disorders, and various forms of cancer. in humans, the human t-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1), which belongs to the oncovirus family, is the aetiological agent of two diverse diseases: adult t-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (atll) (poiesz et al. 1980; hinuma et al. 1981; yoshida et al. 1982), as well as the neurological disorder tropical spastic paraparesis/htlv-1-associated myelopathy (t ... | 2001 | 11488989 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analyses of 16 novel simian t cell leukemia virus type 1 from africa: close relationship of stlv-1 from allenopithecus nigroviridis to htlv-1 subtype b strains. | a serological survey searching for antibodies reacting with human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) antigens was performed on a series of 263 sera/plasma obtained from 34 monkey species or subspecies, originating from different parts of africa. among them, 34 samples exhibited a typical htlv-1 western blot pattern. polymerase chain reaction was performed with three primer sets specific either to htlv-1/stlv-1 or htlv-2 and encompassing gag, pol, and tax sequences, on genomic dna from periphe ... | 2001 | 11531406 |
| molecular epidemiology of simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) in wild-caught monkeys and apes from cameroon: a new stlv-1, related to human t-lymphotropic virus subtype f, in a cercocebus agilis. | a serological survey for human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)/simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) antibodies was performed in 102 wild-caught monkeys and apes from 15 (sub)species originating from cameroon. two animals (a mandrillus sphinx and a cercocebus agilis) exhibited a complete htlv-1 seroreactivity pattern while two others lacked either the p24 (a mandrillus sphinx) or the mta-1/gp46 bands (a pan troglodytes). sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses, using a 522 bp env gene fragment an ... | 2001 | 11714973 |
| high prevalence of simian t-lymphotropic virus type l in wild ethiopian baboons. | simian t-cell leukemia viruses (stlvs) are the simian counterparts of human t-cell leukemia viruses (htlvs). a novel, divergent type of stlv (stlv-l) from captive baboons was reported in 1994, but its natural prevalence remained unclear. we investigated the prevalence of stlv-l in 519 blood samples from wild-living nonhuman primates in ethiopia. seropositive monkeys having cross-reactive antibodies against htlv were found among 22 out of 40 hamadryas baboons, 8 of 96 anubis baboons, 24 of 50 bab ... | 2002 | 11799159 |
| three spontaneous lymphomas in a colony of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus). | cotton-top tamarins are well known for their prevalence to idiopathic colitis and adenocarcinomas. at the same time, information on the incidence of spontaneous lymphomas in this highly endangered species is rare. records, 212 in total, of cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) necropsied at the german primate centre between 1979 and 1998 were viewed to establish the prevalence of lymphoid neoplasms. neoplastic lymphoid cell growth was mentioned in three necropsy records. immunohistology was per ... | 2001 | 11990532 |
| divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 (stlv-3) in wild-caught papio hamadryas papio from senegal: widespread distribution of stlv-3 in africa. | among eight samples obtained from a french primatology research center, six adult guinea baboons (papio hamadryas papio), caught in the wild in senegal, had a peculiar human t-cell leukemia virus type 2 (htlv-2)-like western blot seroreactivity (p24(+), gd21(+), k55(+/-)). partial sequence analyses of the tax genes (433 bp) indicated that these baboons were infected by a novel divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus (stlv). analyses of the complete proviral sequence (8,892 bp) for one of thes ... | 2003 | 12477886 |
| association of primate t-cell lymphotropic virus infection of pig-tailed macaques with high mortality. | natural infection of humans with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) and of old world nonhuman primates with the simian counterpart, stlv-i, is associated with development of neoplastic disease in a small percentage of individuals after long latent periods. htlv-i is also the etiologic agent of a more rapidly progressive neurologic disease, htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp). macaques have been used experimentally in studies to evaluate htlv-i candida ... | 2002 | 12504576 |
| characterization of a new simian t-lymphocyte virus type 1 (stlv-1) in a wild living chimpanzee (pan troglodytes verus) from ivory coast: evidence of a new stlv-1 group? | a new strain of simian t-lymphotropic virus type 1 in blood samples from a chimpanzee that lived in the tropical rainforest of ivory coast is described. the sequence obtained from the long terminal repeat region of the genome is significantly divergent from all known human and nonhuman primate t-lymphotropic virus type 1 strains (963% homology to the closest related strains from central african subtype b) and clusters with none of the established clades. the tax sequences reveal two sequence dif ... | 2003 | 12698951 |