| rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) stocking and contracaecum spp. | a stocking program with rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) at high rock lake, manitoba failed due to infections with large numbers of contracaecum spp. larvae. nematode larvae in the intestinal tract, body cavity and musculature made the fish unmarketable. a combination of experimental infections of rainbow trout and pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), observations on the behavior of fish-eating birds, and numbers of larval contracaecum spp. in minnow species led to the following conclusions. the ... | 1987 | 3586201 |
| newcastle disease in wild water birds in western canada, 1990. | this report describes the investigation of mortality of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), and gulls (larus spp.) in alberta, saskatchewan, and manitoba during late summer 1990. techniques used varied among areas, but virological and histopathological examination of birds was done in each area. the major clinical sign in cormorants was inability to fly, often with unilateral wing or leg paralysis. focal nonsuppurative inflammation was p ... | 1993 | 17424240 |
| surveillance for west nile virus in american white pelicans, montana, usa, 2006-2007. | west nile virus (wnv)-associated deaths of american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) chicks have been recognized at various nesting colonies in the united states since 2002. we evaluated american white pelican nesting colonies in sheridan county, montana, usa, for an association between wnv-positive pelican carcasses and human west nile neuroinvasive disease. persons in counties hosting affected colonies had a 5x higher risk for disease than those in counties with unaffected colonies. w ... | 2010 | 20202414 |
| influenza a viruses in american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | the role of many wild waterbird species in the ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (aiv) remains unclear. we report the first isolation of aiv from american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos; pelecaniformes) in north america. two h13n9 aivs were isolated from hatchling birds in breeding colonies in minnesota, usa, during 2007 and 2008. based on molecular sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes, the 2008 virus was genetically related to aivs previously isol ... | 2010 | 20966281 |
| detection of west nile virus in stable flies (diptera: muscidae) parasitizing juvenile american white pelicans. | stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), an economically important pest of livestock and humans, were observed parasitizing prefledged american white pelicans, pelecanus erythrorhynchos (pelecaniformes: pelecanidae), in a pelican breeding colony in northeastern montana where die-offs attributed to west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) have occurred since 2002. engorged and unengorged flies were collected off nine moribund chicks. of 29 blood-engorged fli ... | 2010 | 21175073 |
| west nile virus in american white pelican chicks: transmission, immunity, and survival. | west nile virus (wnv) causes significant mortality of american white pelican chicks at northern plains colonies. we tested oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs from moribund chicks for shed wnv. such shedding could enable chick-to-chick transmission and help explain why wnv spreads rapidly in colonies. wnv was detected on swabs from 11% of chicks in 2006 and 52% of chicks in 2007; however, viral titers were low. before onset of wnv mortality, we tested blood from < 3-week-old chicks for antibodies to wnv ... | 2013 | 23530073 |
| west nile virus transmission in winter: the 2013 great salt lake bald eagle and eared grebes mortality event. | west nile virus (wnv) infection has been reported in over 300 species of birds and mammals. raptors such as eagles, hawks and falcons are remarkably susceptible, but reports of wnv infection in bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) are rare and reports of wnv infection in grebes (podicipediformes) even rarer. we report an unusually large wild bird mortality event involving between 15,000-20,000 eared grebes (podiceps nigricollis) and over 40 bald eagles around the great salt lake, utah, in nove ... | 2014 | 24761310 |
| mosquito and west nile virus surveillance in northeast montana, u.s.a., 2005 and 2006. | mosquito and west nile virus (wnv) surveillance was conducted on a national wildlife refuge in northeast montana in 2005 and 2006, during which outbreaks of wnv in a colony of american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin) (pelecaniformes: pelecanidae) resulted in juvenile mortality rates of ∼ 31%. both years, floodwater species ochlerotatus dorsalis (meigen) (diptera: culicidae), aedes vexans (meigen) (diptera: culicidae) and ochlerotatus flavescens (muller) (diptera: culicidae) com ... | 2014 | 23647177 |
| evaluation of methods for collecting blood-engorged mosquitoes from habitats within a wildlife refuge. | mortality of american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) chicks attributed to west nile virus (wnv) prompted field studies on the bionomics of mosquitoes on a wildlife refuge in northern montana. one component of these studies was to identify blood meal sources for culex tarsalis, the primary vector of wnv in the region, and the potential bridge vectors aedes vexans and culiseta inornata. to accomplish this, 3 methods were evaluated to collect bloodfed mosquitoes: a gasoline powered aspir ... | 2013 | 23923324 |
| hepatitis and splenitis due to systemic tetratrichomoniasis in an american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | a free-ranging, young adult, female american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), found dead on the grounds of the san diego zoo safari park in southern california, had severe multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis on postmortem examination. histologically, within the large areas of necrosis were myriad pleomorphic, 5-20 µm in diameter, protozoal organisms with 1 to multiple nuclei. ultrastructurally, the organisms were consistent with a trichomonad flagellate. polyme ... | 2013 | 23674462 |
| comparative susceptibility of channel catfish, blue catfish, and their hybrid cross to experimental challenge with bolbophorus damnificus (digenea: bolbophoridae) cercariae. | the digenetic trematode bolbophorus damnificus has been implicated in significant losses in catfish aquaculture since the late 1990s. the complex life cycle sequentially involves the american white pelican pelecanus erythrorhynchos, the marsh rams horn snail planorbella trivolvis, and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. research supports anecdotal reports from the industry, suggesting that the hybrid of channel catfish×blue catfish i. furcatus is less susceptible to disease agents that have bee ... | 2014 | 24895863 |
| austrodiplostomum sp., bolbophorus sp. (digenea: diplostomidae), and clinostomum marginatum (digenea: clinostomidae) metacercariae in inland silverside menidia beryllina from catfish aquaculture ponds, with notes on the infectivity of austrodiplostomum sp. cercariae in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. | in the southeastern usa, catfish aquaculture is burdened by predation from piscivorous birds and the digenetic trematodes they carry. in addition to cultured ictalurid fish, other forage or incidental fish species inhabit catfish production ponds. of these, the inland silverside menidia beryllina was recently found to harbor larval metacercariae of several trematode species. three species of metacercariae were reported, two of which represent the first morphological descriptions of an austrodipl ... | 2016 | 27539726 |
| influence of climate change on productivity of american white pelicans, pelecanus erythrorhynchos. | in the past decade, severe weather and west nile virus were major causes of chick mortality at american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) colonies in the northern plains of north america. at one of these colonies, chase lake national wildlife refuge in north dakota, spring arrival by pelicans has advanced approximately 16 days over a period of 44 years (1965-2008). we examined phenology patterns of pelicans and timing of inclement weather through the 44-year period, and evaluated the con ... | 2014 | 24416165 |
| vector competence of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) for west nile virus. | in 2006-2007, stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) during a die-off of american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin) (pelecanidae) in montana, usa. wnv-positive stable flies were observed feeding en masse on incapacitated, wnv-positive pelicans, arousing suspicions that the flies could have been involved in wnv transmission among pelicans, and perhaps to li ... | 2011 | 21661328 |
| prevalence of neurotoxic clostridium botulinum type c in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) in the salton sea. | tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) have been implicated as the source of type c toxin in avian botulism outbreaks in pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos, pelecanus occidentalis californicus) at the salton sea in southern california (usa). we collected sick, dead, and healthy fish from various sites throughout the sea during the summers of 1999 through 2001 and tested them for the presence of clostridium botulinum type c cells by polymerase chain reaction targeting the c(1) neurotoxin gene. four o ... | 2004 | 15465707 |
| defeating diplostomoid dangers in usa catfish aquaculture. | diplostomoid digenean metacercariae have caused widescale mortalities of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), at aquaculture farms in louisiana, mississippi and arkansas, usa. originally, based on a tentative diagnosis, the industry considered the primary harmful agent to be an introduced species from europe, bolbophorus confusus (krause, 1914), frequently reported from the american white pelican, pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin. our group has now shown, using its 1-2 plus three m ... | 2004 | 15357393 |
| bolbophorus damnificus n. sp. (digenea: bolbophoridae) from the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and american white pelican pelecanus erythrorhynchos in the usa based on life-cycle and molecular data. | the common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be bolbophorus damnificus overstreet & curran n. sp. the catfish acquires the infection from the snail planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the american white pelican pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pe ... | 2002 | 12075128 |
| the 1992 epizootic of newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants in north america. | in the summer of 1992, morbidity and mortality in juvenile double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus; dcc) attributable to newcastle disease virus (ndv) was observed for the first time in seven northern usa states and one canadian province, and recurred in three western canadian provinces. based on clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic findings, dcc mortality from ndv occurred in 59 of the 63 nesting colonies and two of three non-colony sites investigated. an estimate of in excess of 2 ... | 1999 | 10231759 |
| an epidemic of newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from saskatchewan. | a newcastle disease epidemic in double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) occurred in july and august 1995, during a 1994-96 study of a breeding colony of this species on doré lake (saskatchewan, canada). clinical signs and mortality were observed from a tunnel-and-blind system, and moribund and freshly dead birds were examined virologically. yolks from cormorant eggs and sera from cormorants and other birds were tested for hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to newcastle disease viru ... | 1998 | 9706555 |
| development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | we isolated and characterized nine microsatellite loci from the american white pelican, pelecanus erythrorhynchos. the loci were screened in 23 individuals from the eastern and western populations of north america and were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to eight. polymorphic information content ranged from 0.185 to 0.820 and observed heterozygosity from 0.217 to 0.957. these new loci will provide tools for studies of population structure in this species, there ... | 2008 | 21586069 |
| mitochondrial evidence for panmixia despite perceived barriers to gene flow in a widely distributed waterbird. | we examined the mitochondrial genetic structure of american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) to: 1) verify or refute whether american white pelicans are panmictic and 2) understand if any lack of genetic structure is the result of contemporary processes or historical phenomena. sequence analysis of mitochondrial dna control region haplotypes of 367 individuals from 19 colonies located across their north american range revealed a lack of population genetic or phylogeographic structure. ... | 2011 | 21705489 |
| accumulation and hazard assessment of mercury to waterbirds at lake chapala, mexico. | lake chapala is the largest tropical lake in mexico. the objectives of this study were to determine bioaccumulation of hg in fish and to evaluate the potential impacts of hg in the diet of aquatic birds, particularly the american white pelican (awpe), in lake chapala. hg concentrations in three fish species ranged from 0.021 to 0.568 μg/g wet weight. mercury in fish was positively and significantly correlated with total fish length (r2=0.44, p<0.05). the δ15n values in fish were significantly co ... | 2014 | 24794079 |
| the use of computed tomography to diagnose chronic shoulder arthritis in an american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | an american white pelican was presented with a complete left wing droop and no abnormal findings on conventional radiography. computed tomography was used to diagnose chronic shoulder arthritis as a sequela to a suspected traumatic compressive fracture. this is the first case report to describe use of computed tomography to evaluate the avian shoulder joint. | 2015 | 25750446 |
| linking isotopes and panmixia: high within-colony variation in feather δ2h, δ13c, and δ15n across the range of the american white pelican. | complete panmixia across the entire range of a species is a relatively rare phenomenon; however, this pattern may be found in species that have limited philopatry and frequent dispersal. american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhyncos) provide a unique opportunity to examine the role of long-distance dispersal in facilitating gene flow in a species recently reported as panmictic across its broad breeding range. this species is also undergoing a range expansion, with new colonies arising hundre ... | 2016 | 26974163 |
| suspected fenbendazole toxicity in an american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | a wild-raised, 5.0-kg male american white pelican ( pelecanus erythrorhynchos ) of unknown age presented for routine examination at both the start and completion of a 30-day quarantine period at a zoological park. upon physical examination, the pelican was bright, alert, and responsive and in good body condition. two complete blood counts and a plasma biochemistry did not reveal any clinically significant abnormalities. whole-body radiographs were unremarkable. two fecal flotations (28 days apar ... | 2016 | 27468051 |
| advances and environmental conditions of spring migration phenology of american white pelicans. | spring migration phenology of birds has advanced under warming climate. migration timing of short-distance migrants is believed to be responsive to environmental changes primarily under exogenous control. however, understanding the ecological causes of the advancement in avian spring migration phenology is still a challenge due to the lack of long-term precise location data. we used 11 years of global positioning system relocation data to determine four different migration dates of the annual mi ... | 2017 | 28091554 |
| molluscicidal activity of vulgarone b against ram's horn snail (planorbella trivolvis). | the ram's horn snail (planorbella trivolvis (say)) is an intermediate host for a digenetic trematode (bolbophorus confusus (krause) dubois) that has recently been discovered to be a significant problem in commercial channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus raf) production ponds in the mississippi delta region in the usa. in these catfish ponds, the digenetic life cycle of this parasitic trematode involves two intermediate hosts, the ram's horn snail and the channel catfish, and the final host, the a ... | 2004 | 15154515 |
| sex-related levels of selenium, heavy metals, and organochlorine compounds in american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhyncos). | liver tissue from male and female adult american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhyncos) were individually analyzed for organochlorine compounds and trace elements. levels of most organochlorines, specifically sigmaddt, sigmapcb, sigmachlordane, sigmamirex, dieldrin, and sigmacbz, were significantly higher in male pelicans compared to females. only concentrations of sigmahch were not significantly different between sexes. male livers also contained higher concentrations of mercury, cadmium, an ... | 1999 | 10341048 |
| pholeter anterouterus fischthal & nasir, 1974 (digenea: opisthorchiidae) redescribed, together with remarks on the genera pholeter odhner, 1914 and phocitrema goto & ozaki, 1930 and their relationship to the centrocestine heterophyids. | photoleter anterouterus fischthal & nasir, 1974, from pelecanus occidentalis linnaeus and pelecanus erythrorhynchos gmelin from florida, usa and the ventro-genital complexes of photeleter gastrophilus (kossack, 1910) from delphinus delphis linnaeus from queensland, australia and of phocitrema fusiforme goto & ozaki, 1930 from alopex lagopus (linnaeus) and phoca vitulina linnaeus from alaska are redescribed. the genus photoleter odhner, 1914 is emended and compared with phocitrema goto & ozaki, 1 ... | 1977 | 876682 |
| experimental bolbophorus damnificus (digenea: bolbophoridae) infections in piscivorous birds. | in order to determine potential definitive hosts of the digenetic trematode, bolbophorus damnificus, two american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), two double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), two great blue herons (ardea herodias), and two great egrets (ardea alba) were captured, treated with praziquantel, and fed channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) infected with b. damnificus metacercariae. patent infections of b. damnificus, which developed in both american white pelican ... | 2009 | 19617478 |
| skeletal abnormalities in wings of free-flying juvenile white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchus) in minnesota. | | 1986 | 3735601 |
| physiological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls or a combination of ddt, ddd, and dde in penned white pelicans. | the effects of pcbs (polychlorinated biphenyls) or a combination of ddt (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane), ddd (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane) and dde (1,1-dichloro-2,2,-bis (p-chlorophenyl ethylene) on organ weights, liver storage of vitamin a and carotene, selected blood chemistry parameters, and serum protein fractions were determined in penned white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) receiving a daily dosage of these compounds. birds received 100 mg of pcbs o ... | 1975 | 811179 |
| metabolic costs of heat solicitation calls in relation to thermal need in embryos of american white pelicans. | chilled embryos of pelicans, pelecanus erythrorhynchos, begin to vocally solicit parental heat at the pipped-egg stage. honest signalling models predict that if vocal heat solicitation is a true reflection of need, then solicitation should be costly and costs should increase with the embryo's need for warmth. using open-flow respirometry, we measured the metabolic costs associated with vocal heat solicitation by exposing embryos to either a decreasing or increasing series of body temperatures, r ... | 1999 | 10202104 |
| contaminants in eggs of colonial waterbirds and hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme levels in pipped tern embryos, washington state. | eggs of forster's terns (sterna forsteri) collected in 1991 from nesting colonies on crescent island (columbia river) and the potholes reservoir in south central washington generally contained low residues of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites, 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). hepatic cytochrome p450 enzyme activity in pipped embryos of forster's terns from the two colonies seemed unaffected by contaminants. at cr ... | 1998 | 9732482 |
| on a new trematode allechinostomum renale sp. nov. (trematoda: echinostomatidae), from pelecanus erythrorhynchos. | | 1954 | 13233497 |
| oiling of american white pelicans, common loons, and northern gannets in the winter following the deepwater horizon (mc252) oil spill. | the natural resource damage assessment and restoration trustees for the deepwater horizon oil spill assessed the external oiling of migratory bird species dependent on open water in the gulf of mexico following the aforementioned spill. the assessment was designed to evaluate birds that use open water during the winter within 40 km of the gulf shoreline. we focused on the american white pelican (pelecanus erythrorhynchos), common loon (gavia immer), and northern gannet (morus bassanus). point co ... | 2020 | 32185520 |
| seasonal effects of wind conditions on migration patterns of soaring american white pelican. | energy and time expenditures are determinants of bird migration strategies. soaring birds have developed migration strategies to minimize these costs, optimizing the use of all the available resources to facilitate their displacement. we analysed the effects of different wind factors (tailwind, turbulence, vertical updrafts) on the migratory flying strategies adopted by 24 satellite-tracked american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) throughout spring and autumn in north america. we hypo ... | 2017 | 29065188 |
| a physiologically based oiling model (pbom) to predict thermoregulatory response in birds. | when birds are exposed to oil their ability to thermoregulate is impaired as a result of damage to the insulative properties of their feathers. if an oiled bird is unable to maintain thermal homeostasis, hypothermia and death can follow rapidly. physiological responses to oiling depend on several variables including environmental conditions (e.g., ambient air and water temperatures), life history of bird species (e.g., body size and habitat selection), and foraging strategies (e.g., divers, surf ... | 2020 | 33035367 |
| myonecrosis and death due to presumed microcystin toxicosis in american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhyncos). | over a period of 5 mo, seven out of eight american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos) housed on a spring-fed pond at a zoo died or were euthanized. clinical signs included inability to stand, anorexia, and weight loss. clinicopathologic findings included heterophilic leukocytosis and elevated creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase. histopathologic findings on all pelicans demonstrated severe, chronic, diffuse rhabdomyofiber degeneration and necrosis, making vitamin e deficiency a ... | 2020 | 32549572 |
| ocular findings and select ophthalmic diagnostic tests in captive american white pelicans (pelecanus erythrorhynchos). | the aim of this study was to establish normal ophthalmic parameters for select diagnostic tests in american white pelicans (pelecanuserythrorhynchos). twenty-one zoo-housed american white pelicans were manually restrained for noninvasive ocular diagnostic testing and complete ophthalmic examination. tear production quantification using the phenol red thread test (prtt), fluorescein staining, and intraocular pressure (iop) evaluation were performed. in addition, conjunctival aerobic bacterial cul ... | 2017 | 28920779 |
| potential of double-crested cormorants ( phalacrocorax auritus), american white pelicans ( pelecanus erythrorhynchos), and wood storks ( mycteria americana) to transmit a hypervirulent strain of aeromonas hydrophila between channel catfish culture ponds. | aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous to freshwater and brackish aquatic environments that can cause disease in fish, humans, reptiles, and birds. recent severe outbreaks of disease in commercial channel catfish ( ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture ponds have been associated with a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila strain (vah) that is genetically distinct from less virulent strains. the epidemiology of this disease has not been determined. given that research has shown tha ... | 2018 | 29671715 |