| the antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (capsicum species) and their uses in mayan medicine. | a survey of the mayan pharmacopoeia revealed that tissues of capsicum species (solanaceae) are included in a number of herbal remedies for a variety of ailments of probable microbial origin. using a filter disk assay, plain and heated aqueous extracts from fresh capsicum annuum, capsicum baccatum, capsicum chinese, capsicum frutescens, and capsicum pubescens varieties were tested for their antimicrobial effects with fifteen bacterial species and one yeast species. two pungent compounds found in ... | 1996 | 8735449 |
| isolation of coniferyl esters from capsicum baccatum l., and their enzymatic preparation and agonist activity for trpv1. | coniferyl esters--capsiconiate and dihydrocapsiconiate--were isolated from the fruits of the pepper, capsicum baccatum l. var. praetermissum. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be coniferyl (e)-8-methyl-6-nonenoate (capsiconiate) and coniferyl 8-methylnonanoate (dihydrocapsiconiate). this finding was further confirmed by the lipase-catalyzed condensation of coniferyl alcohol with its corresponding fatty acid derivative. the agonist activity of the esters for transient r ... | 2008 | 18190936 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation. | inflammation is a pivotal component of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and tumour progression. various naturally occurring phytochemicals exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and are considered to be potential drug candidates against inflammation-related pathological processes. capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum (willd.) eshbaugh (solanaceae) is the most consumed species in brazil, and its compounds, such as capsaicinoids, have been found to inhibit the inflammatory process. however ... | 2008 | 18380920 |
| phenolic content and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fruits of capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum at different maturity stages. | the phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activity of extracts of different parts of the fruit from capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum were investigated. the analysis of phenolic content was performed by the folin-ciocalteu method and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by the total reactive antioxidant potential and total antioxidant reactivity index. the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with th ... | 2008 | 18598168 |
| the specific involvement of coat protein in tobacco mosaic virus cross protection. | nicotiana sylvestris infected by strains of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) causing mosaic can be superinfected in the dark green leaf tissue, but not light green tissue, by necrotizing strains of tmv. the dark green tissue, however, is much less susceptible than healthy tissue, to some extent, even to unrelated viruses. the rna of necrotizing strains of tmv was relatively more infectious than intact virus on mosaic than on healthy leaves and caused lesions in both light and dark green tissues. the s ... | 1982 | 18635142 |
| structural modifications and programmed cell death of chili pepper fruit related to resistance responses to colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. | abstract postharvest (detached) and in planta (attached) fruits of pepper plants, capsicum annuum cv. jejujaerae (susceptible) and capsicum baccatum cv. pbc80 (resistant), inoculated with the anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum gloeosporioides were examined using light, confocal laser scanning, and electron microscopy to compare the cytological differences between the compatible and incompatible interactions. in nonwound inoculation of postharvest pepper fruit, resistant pepper tissues showed a ... | 2004 | 18943699 |
| identification of two new genes conferring resistance to colletotrichum acutatum in capsicum baccatum. | resistance to anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum capsici and c. acutatum, was investigated in capsicum baccatum pbc80 and pbc1422 and c. chinense pbc932. mature green and ripe fruit were inoculated with 13 isolates of the two colletotrichum species pbc80 contained the broadest spectrum of resistance to both colletotrichum species because none of the isolates were able to infect the genotype. at both fruit maturity stages, pbc1422 was infected by only colletotrichum acutatum. pbc932 at ripe fr ... | 2009 | 19671013 |
| avirulence proteins avrbs7 from xanthomonas gardneri and avrbs1.1 from xanthomonas euvesicatoria contribute to a novel gene-for-gene interaction in pepper. | a novel hypersensitive resistance (hr) in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum against the bacterial spot of pepper pathogen, xanthomonas gardneri, was introgressed into c. annuum cv. early calwonder (ecw) to create the near-isogenic line designated as ecw-70r. a corresponding avirulence gene avrbs7, in x. gardneri elicited a strong hr in ecw-70r. a homolog of avrbs7, avrbs1.1, was found in x. euvesicatoria strain 85-10, which showed delayed hr on ecw-70r leaves. genetic analysis confirmed the presen ... | 2011 | 22112215 |
| Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: From traditional use to scientific approach. | Peppers from Capsicum species (Solanaceae) are native to Central and South America, and are commonly used as food and also for a broad variety of medicinal applications. | 2012 | 22100562 |
| long-term oral administration of capsicum baccatum extracts does not alter behavioral, hematological, and metabolic parameters in cf1 mice. | our group showed that crude ethanol (ce) and butanol (but) extracts of capsicum baccatum presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. furthermore, the flavonoid and total phenolic contents were positively correlated with both of these properties observed for c. baccatum extracts. the present study demonstrated that 60 days of oral administration of ce and but (200 mg/kg) in mice did not cause significant differences in the following parameters evaluated: hematological profile, body we ... | 2012 | 23320023 |
| successful wide hybridization and introgression breeding in a diverse set of common peppers (capsicum annuum) using different cultivated ají (c. baccatum) accessions as donor parents. | capsicum baccatum, commonly known as ají, has been reported as a source of variation for many different traits to improve common pepper (c. annuum), one of the most important vegetables in the world. however, strong interspecific hybridization barriers exist between them. a comparative study of two wide hybridization approaches for introgressing c. baccatum genes into c. annuum was performed: i) genetic bridge (gb) using c. chinense and c. frutescens as bridge species; and, ii) direct cross betw ... | 2015 | 26642059 |
| vicilin-like peptides from capsicum baccatum l. seeds are α-amylase inhibitors and exhibit antifungal activity against important yeasts in medical mycology. | the objective of this study was to isolate antimicrobial peptides from capsicum baccatum seeds and evaluate their antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effects against α-amylase. initially, proteins from the flour of c. baccatum seeds were extracted in sodium phosphate buffer, ph 5.4, and precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 90% saturation. the d1 and d2 fractions were subjected to antifungal tests against the yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and kluyveromy ... | 2014 | 24817604 |
| differential resistances to anthracnose in capsicum baccatum as responding to two colletotrichum pathotypes and inoculation methods. | chili anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum spp., is one of the major diseases to chili production in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. breeding for durable anthracnose resistance requires a good understanding of the resistance mechanisms to different pathotypes and inoculation methods. this study aimed to investigate the inheritances of differential resistances as responding to two different colletotrichum pathotypes, pca2 and pca3 and as by two different inoculation methods, microinjection ... | 2013 | 24273429 |
| trypsin inhibitors from capsicum baccatum var. pendulum leaves involved in pepper yellow mosaic virus resistance. | several plant organs contain proteinase inhibitors, which are produced during normal plant development or are induced upon pathogen attack to suppress the enzymatic activity of phytopathogenic microorganisms. in this study, we examined the presence of proteinase inhibitors, specifically trypsin inhibitors, in the leaf extract of capsicum baccatum var. pendulum inoculated with pepymv (pepper yellow mosaic virus). leaf extract from plants with the accession number uenf 1624, which is resistant to ... | 2014 | 25501145 |
| peroxidase is involved in pepper yellow mosaic virus resistance in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum. | pathogenesis-related proteins (prs) are among the defense mechanisms of plants that work as an important barrier to the development of pathogens. these proteins are classified into 17 families according to their amino acid sequences, serology, and/or biological or enzyme activity. the present study aimed to identify prs associated with the pathosystem of capsicum baccatum var. pendulum: pepper yellow mosaic virus (pepymv). forty-five-day-old plants from accession uenf 1624, previously identified ... | 2013 | 23661464 |
| inheritance of resistance to pepper yellow mosaic virus in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum. | we investigated inheritance of resistance to pepper yellow mosaic virus (pepymv) in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum accessions uenf 1616 (susceptible) crossed with uenf 1732 (resistant). plants from generations p1, p2, f1, f2, bc1:1, and bc1:2 were inoculated and the symptoms were evaluated for 25 days. subsequently, an area under the disease progress curve was calculated and subjected to generation means analysis. only the average and epistatic effects were significant. the broad and narrow sen ... | 2013 | 23661433 |
| genome-wide divergence and linkage disequilibrium analyses for capsicum baccatum revealed by genome-anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms. | principal component analysis (pca) with 36,621 polymorphic genome-anchored single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) identified collectively for capsicum annuum and capsicum baccatum was used to characterize population structure and species domestication of these two important incompatible cultivated pepper species. estimated mean nucleotide diversity (π) and tajima's d across various chromosomes revealed biased distribution toward negative values on all chromosomes (except for chromosome 4) in cul ... | 2016 | 27857720 |
| construction of an integrated genetic map for capsicum baccatum l. | capsicum baccatum l. is one of the five capsicum domesticated species and has multiple uses in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. this species is also a valuable source of genes for chili pepper breeding, especially genes for disease resistance and fruit quality. however, knowledge of the genetic structure of c. baccatum is limited. a reference map for c. baccatum (2n = 2x = 24) based on 42 microsatellite, 85 inter-simple sequence repeat, and 56 random amplified polymorphic dna ma ... | 2015 | 26125877 |
| some rootstocks improve pepper tolerance to mild salinity through ionic regulation. | grafting has been proposed as an interesting strategy that improves the responses of crops under salinity. in pepper, we reported increased fruit yield of the commercial 'adige' cultivar under salinity when grafted onto accessions capsicum chinense jacq. 'ecu-973' (12) and capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum 'bol-58' (14), whereas no effect was observed when grafted onto accession capsicum annuum l var. 'serrano' (5). we also analysed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms related to the to ... | 2015 | 25480004 |
| genetic diversity in capsicum germplasm based on microsatellite and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism markers. | a sound knowledge of the genetic diversity among germplasm is vital for strategic germplasm collection, maintenance, conservation and utilisation. genomic simple sequence repeats (ssrs) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (rampo) markers were used to analyse diversity and relationships among 48 pepper (capsicum spp.) genotypes originating from nine countries. these genotypes covered 4 species including 13 germplasm accessions, 30 improved lines of 4 domesticated species and 5 landra ... | 2013 | 24431527 |
| capturing flavors from capsicum baccatum by introgression in sweet pepper. | biochemical characterization in combination with genetic analyses in bc 2 s 1 plants and near-isogenic lines led to the detection and validation of c. baccatum loci affecting flavor, terpenoid content and brix level. the species capsicum baccatum includes the most common hot peppers of the andean cuisine, known for their rich variation in flavors and aromas. so far the c. baccatum genetic variation remained merely concealed for capsicum annuum breeding, due to post-fertilization genetic barriers ... | 2014 | 24185820 |
| compositional characterization of native peruvian chili peppers (capsicum spp.). | the national capsicum germplasm bank of peru at inia holds a unique collection of more than 700 capsicum accessions, including many landraces. these conserved accessions have never been thoroughly characterized or evaluated. another smaller collection exists at unalm, and cidra provided taxonomically characterized fruits from the amazon region of ucayali. of these collections, 147 accessions have been selected to represent the biodiversity of peruvian capsicum annuum , capsicum baccatum , capsic ... | 2013 | 23410113 |
| metabolite biodiversity in pepper (capsicum) fruits of thirty-two diverse accessions: variation in health-related compounds and implications for breeding. | a comprehensive study on morphology and biochemical compounds of 32 capsicum spp. accessions has been performed. accessions represented four pepper species, capsicum annuum, capsicum frutescens, capsicum chinense and capsicum baccatum which were selected by their variation in morphological characters such as fruit color, pungency and origin. major metabolites in fruits of pepper, carotenoids, capsaicinoids (pungency), flavonoid glycosides, and vitamins c and e were analyzed and quantified by hig ... | 2011 | 21514607 |
| molecular and agronomic analysis of intraspecific variability in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum accessions. | capsicum baccatum is one of the most important chili peppers in south america, since this region is considered to be the center of origin and diversity of this species. in brazil, c. baccatum has been widely explored by family farmers and there are different local names for each fruit phenotype, such as cambuci and dedo-de-moça (lady's finger). although very popular among farmers and consumers, c. baccatum has been less extensively studied than other capsicum species. this study describes the ph ... | 2016 | 27808357 |
| red pepper (capsicum baccatum) extracts present anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and inhibit the production of tnf-α and no in vitro. | capsicum baccatum is the most consumed red pepper species in brazil. our previous studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of its crude extract, whose activity is yet to be fully characterized. herein, we examined the anti-inflammatory in vivo effects of enriched extracts obtained through bioguided fractionation as dichloromethane (dcm), butanol (but), and residual aqueous (raq) extracts and its influence on inflammatory mediators produced by macrophages in vitro. we demonstrated th ... | 2016 | 27533650 |
| chronic ozone exposure alters the secondary metabolite profile, antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory property, and quality of red pepper fruit from capsicum baccatum. | tropospheric ozone (o3) background concentrations have increased since pre-industrial times, reaching phytotoxic concentrations in many regions globally. however, the effect of high o3 concentrations on quality of fruit and vegetables remains unknown. here, we evaluated whether o3 pollution alters the quality of capsicum baccatum peppers by changing the secondary compound profiles and biological activity of the fruit. c. baccatum pepper plants were exposed to ozone for 62 days in an open-top cha ... | 2016 | 26970882 |
| effect of ultrasound on the supercritical co2 extraction of bioactive compounds from dedo de moça pepper (capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum). | extracts with bioactive compounds were obtained from the red pepper variety "dedo de moça" (capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum) through supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide assisted by ultrasound (sfe-us). the process was tested at pressures of 15, 20 and 25 mpa; temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 °c, and ultrasonic powers of 200, 400 and 600 w applied during 40, 60 and 80 min of extraction. the co2 mass flow rate was fixed at 1.7569 × 10(-4) kg/s. global yield, phenolic content, antiox ... | 2016 | 26964951 |
| vitamin c and reducing sugars in the world collection of capsicum baccatum l. genotypes. | this study aimed to analyze 123 genotypes of capsicum baccatum l. originating from 22 countries, at two stages of fruit development, for vitamin c content and its relationship with reducing sugars in fruit pericarp. among the parametric population, vitamin c and reducing sugar concentrations ranged between 2.54 to 50.44 and 41-700mgg(-1) dw of pericarp, respectively. overall, 14 genotypes accumulated 50-500% of the rda of vitamin c in each 2g of fruit pericarp on a dry weight basis. compared wit ... | 2016 | 26920284 |
| genetic dissection of agronomic traits in capsicum baccatum var. pendulum. | genetic mapping is very useful for dissecting complex agronomic traits. genetic mapping allows for identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl), provide knowledge on a gene position and its adjacent region, and enable prediction of evolutionary mechanisms, in addition to contributing to synteny studies. the aim of this study was to predict genetic values associated with different agronomic traits evaluated in an f2 population of capsicum baccatum var. pendulum. previously, a reference genetic ... | 2015 | 25867359 |
| effects of chronic elevated ozone concentration on the redox state and fruit yield of red pepper plant capsicum baccatum. | ozone (o3) is one of the most harmful air pollutants to crops, contributing to high losses on crop yield. tropospheric o3 background concentrations have increased since pre-industrial times reaching phytotoxic concentrations in many world regions. capsicum peppers are the second most traded spice in the world, but few studies concerning the o3 effects in this genus are known. thereby, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to elevated o3 concentrations in red pepper ... | 2014 | 24238720 |
| efficiency of cytogenetic methods in detecting a chromosome rearrangement induced by ionizing radiation in a cultivated chili pepper line (capsicum baccatum var. pendulum--solanaceae). | to locate transient chromosome aberrations on a selected pepper cultivar and determine the tracing efficiency of different cytogenetic methods. | 2014 | 23859311 |
| effects of ionizing radiation on capsicum baccatum var. pendulum (solanaceae). | cytogenetic and somatic effects of various x-ray treatments were evaluated in pepper, capsicum baccatum var. pendulum cv. "cayenne", with the aim to assess optimal conditions for obtaining viable lines. the cytogenetic effects were quantified by counting chromosome aberrations. the level of dna fragmentation was estimated with tunel test (terminal transferase mediated dutp-fluorescein nick end labeling). irradiation to 20 gy with 16-h presoaking can be a suitable treatment of the selected pepper ... | 2013 | 23747514 |
| genetic diversity in capsicum baccatum is significantly influenced by its ecogeographical distribution. | the exotic pepper species capsicum baccatum, also known as the aji or peruvian hot pepper, is comprised of wild and domesticated botanical forms. the species is a valuable source of new genes useful for improving fruit quality and disease resistance in c. annuum sweet bell and hot chile pepper. however, relatively little research has been conducted to characterize the species, thus limiting its utilization. the structure of genetic diversity in a plant germplasm collection is significantly influ ... | 2012 | 22866868 |
| carotenoid composition and vitamin a value in ají (capsicum baccatum l.) and rocoto (c. pubescens r. & p.), 2 pepper species from the andean region. | the carotenoid patterns of fully ripe fruits from 12 bolivian accessions of the andean peppers capsicum baccatum (ají) and c. pubescens (rocoto) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-photodiode array detector (pda)-mass spectrometry (ms). we include 2 california wonder cultivars as c. annuum controls. a total of 16 carotenoids were identified and differences among species were mostly found at the quantitative level. among red-fruited genotypes, capsanthin was the main ... | 2010 | 21535519 |
| volatile and capsaicinoid composition of ají (capsicum baccatum) and rocoto (capsicum pubescens), two andean species of chile peppers. | ají (capsicum baccatum l. var. pendulum) and rocoto (capsicum pubescens r. & p.) are two species of chile pepper used for millennia in andean cuisine. the introduction of these relatively unknown capsicum species to new markets requires an understanding of their flavour-related compounds. thus both heat level (scoville method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms)) and, particularly, aroma (headspace solid phase microextraction and gc/ms/olfactometry) were studied in different accessio ... | 2011 | 21445890 |
| evolution of the inflated calyx syndrome in solanaceae. | species that express the inflated calyx syndrome (ics) are found in several genera of the solanaceae. the mads-box protein mpf2, together with the plant hormones cytokinin and gibberellin, has been shown to be responsible for this trait in physalis floridana. we have used sequence data from 114 species belonging to 35 genera to construct a molecular phylogeny of solanaceae. apart from the 2 witheringia species analyzed, species within a given genus cluster together on the resulting cladogram. wi ... | 2007 | 17827172 |
| multiple genetic resistances in capsicum spp. | this study aimed to identify capsicum genotypes with resistance to bacterial spot (bs), anthracnose and pepper yellow mosaic virus (pepymv). fifty-four genotypes of capsicum spp were evaluated. resistance reaction against bs was evaluated using three replicates, testing hypersensitivity and quantitative resistance in leaves. after evaluation, inoculated leaves were detached from the plants, being then cultivated until reproductive stage for evaluations anthracnose resistance in immature and matu ... | 2017 | 28973768 |
| new role of ltr-retrotransposons for emergence and expansion of disease-resistance genes and high-copy gene families in plants. | long terminal repeat retrotransposons (ltr-rs) are major elements creating new genome structure for expansion of plant genomes. however, in addition to the genome expansion, the role of ltr-rs has been unexplored. in this study, we constructed new reference genome sequences of two pepper species (capsicum baccatum and c. chinense), and updated the reference genome of c. annuum. we focused on the study for speciation of capsicum spp. and its driving forces. we found that chromosomal translocation ... | 2018 | 29353598 |
| new reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease-resistance genes by retroduplication. | transposable elements are major evolutionary forces which can cause new genome structure and species diversification. the role of transposable elements in the expansion of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat proteins (nlrs), the major disease-resistance gene families, has been unexplored in plants. | 2017 | 29089032 |
| holistic protocol for callus culture optimization using statistical modelling. | plants endue a key role against illnesses caused by oxidative stress. these attributes are frequently associated with polyphenolic compounds. however, presence and concentration of secondary metabolites are affected by abiotic factors. the in vitro culture techniques can solve these drawbacks. peppers can be a suitable alternative to obtain polyphenols. aiming to optimise the callus culture stage from capsicum baccatum to produce polyphenols, this work evaluated systemically the effects of the e ... | 2017 | 28956460 |
| variability among capsicum baccatum accessions from goiás, brazil, assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers. | capsicum peppers are native to the americas, with brazil being a significant diversity center. capsicum baccatum accessions at instituto federal (if) goiano represent a portion of the species genetic resources from central brazil. we aimed to characterize a c. baccatum working collection comprising 27 accessions and 3 commercial cultivars using morphological traits and molecular markers to describe its genetic and morphological variability and verify the occurrence of duplicates. this set includ ... | 2017 | 28692116 |
| induction and characterization of streptomycin-resistant mutants in capsicum praetermissum. | streptomycin-resistant mutants were isolated from mutagenised cotyledon explants of capsicum praetermissum heiser & smith. the explants were mutagenised with n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea, which resulted in a high frequency of streptomycin-resistant mutants (18.0%) and a low frequency of chlorophyll-deficient (albino) mutants (8.0%). complete streptomycin-resistant plantlets were obtained after rooting of the regenerated green shoots on rooting medium containing 1.0 mg l-1 iaa and 500 mg l-1 streptomyci ... | 2005 | 15741660 |