| fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon. | a total of 154 strains from 22 species of bifidobacterium, peptostreptococcus, lactobacillus, ruminococcus, coprococcus, eubacterium, and fusobacterium, which are present in high concentrations in the human colon, were surveyed for their ability to ferment 21 different complex carbohydrates. plant polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, pectin, polygalacturonate, xylan, laminarin, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum ghatti, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth, were fermented by some strains from ... | 1977 | 563214 |
| use of the hungate anaerobic technique in the isolation of phloroglucinol-negative mutants of coprococcus species. | the hungate anaerobic technique was used with a standard procedure for bacterial mutagenesis employing n-methyl-n-nitro-n'-nitrosoguanidine to obtain mutants of an obligate anaerobe. three mutant strains were derived from a coprococcus sp., strain pe15, a rumen anaerobe capable of growing on phloroglucinol. the mutants did not grow on phloroglucinol but did degrade the compound in anaerobic washed-cell suspensions, producing the same end products in approximately the same proportions as the wild ... | 1976 | 782358 |
| urease assay and urease-producing species of anaerobes in the bovine rumen and human feces. | a growth medium and test were developed for rapid detection of urease in fermentative anaerobic bacteria. using nonselective rumen fluid roll-tube agar medium and the new test, it was confirmed that peptostreptococcus productus is often the most numerous urease-forming species in human feces. also, some fecal strains of ruminococcus albus, clostridium innocuum, and clostridium beijerinckii produced urease. single strains of fusobacterium prausnitzii, coprococcus catus, and streptococcus mitis th ... | 1977 | 879770 |
| isolation and identification of rumen bacteria capable of anaerobic phloroglucinol degradation. | eight strains of rumen bacteria capable of degrading phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) under anaerobic conditions were isolated from enrichment cultures of the bovine rumen microflora established in a prereduced medium containing 0.02 m phloroglucinol. five of the strains were facultatively anaerobic gram-positive streptococci which were identified as streptococcus bovis. three strains of obligately anaerobic gram-positive cocci were assigned to the genus coprococcus. anaerobic cultures o ... | 1975 | 1170929 |
| induction of chronic arthritis in rats by cell wall fragments of anaerobic coccoid rods isolated from the faecal flora of patients with crohn's disease. | crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are accompanied by seronegative arthritis in about one fifth of the cases. in the present study, cell wall fragments from major residents such as eubacterium, coprococcus and peptostreptococcus species, isolated from the faecal flora of patients with crohn's disease, were tested for properties to induce chronic arthritis in lewis rats. cell wall fragments from eubacterium contortum strains me44 and me47 were found to induce chronic arthritis; peptostreptoco ... | 1988 | 3410168 |
| increased faecal glycosidases in patients with crohn's disease. | the strictly anaerobic faecal flora of patients with crohn's disease (cd) contains higher numbers of coccoid rods (eubacterium, peptostreptococcus and coprococcus species) and gram-negative rods (bacteroides vulgatus) than the flora of healthy subjects. the abnormal flora of patients with cd might affect levels of glycolytic enzymes and metabolic products and thus play some role in the pathogenesis of cd. therefore, the activity of 23 glycosidases that can degrade mucus glycoproteins or plant po ... | 1987 | 3609504 |
| antibody response to anaerobic coccoid rods in crohn's disease. | the igg and igm specific antibodies against a panel of 23 anaerobic gut bacteria were examined in crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls. four of the organisms, bifidobacterium bifidum, coprococcus comes (me46), coprococcus comes (sp4), and eubacterium limosum gave abnormal antibody titres in crohn's disease compared with those of controls. in crohn's disease specific igg antibodies to three of the organisms were low and the igm antibodies were higher than those of controls. i ... | 1986 | 3782488 |
| binding of coprococcus comes to the fc portion of igg. a possible role in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease? | previous studies have shown that the fecal flora of patients with crohn's disease (cd) differed from the flora of healthy subjects by a higher number of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods. sera from patients with cd agglutinated four strains of coccoid rods (me44, c18, me46 and me47) more frequently and stronger than sera from healthy subjects and patients with other diseases. one of these bacteria, coprococcus comes strain me46, was not ingested by neutrophils after coating with specific igg. ... | 1985 | 3896820 |
| induction in rats of serum agglutinins to eubacterium, peptostreptococcus and coprococcus species by the faecal flora from patients with crohn's disease and healthy subjects. | sera from patients with crohn's disease more often than those from other subjects contain agglutinins against anaerobic coccoid rods, identified as peptostreptococcus productus, eubacterium contortum (two strains) and coprococcus comes. the presence of antigens of the four coccoid rods in faeces of patients with crohn's disease and healthy subjects was investigated by inoculation of rats with faecal suspensions. antigens of the coccoid rods were detected in faeces from both patients with crohn's ... | 1984 | 6501880 |
| an international study of agglutinins to eubacterium, peptostreptococcus and coprococcus species in crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and control subjects. | the world-wide occurrence of agglutinating antibodies to four coccoid anaerobes belonging to eubacterium, peptostreptococcus and coprococcus spp. was investigated in 937 coded sera from patients suffering from crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, various other diseases and from healthy controls. positive results were found in 59% of patients with crohn's disease, 29% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and 8% of both diseased and healthy control subjects. patients with crohn's disease of the co ... | 1983 | 6628839 |
| selected bacterial antibodies in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. | agglutinins to four strains of anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rods (species of eubacterium, peptostreptococcus and coprococcus) were found in significantly higher frequency in crohn's disease (cd) than in ulcerative colitis (uc) and in other diseased control subjects and were virtually absent in apparently healthy subjects. when the posterior probability of having cd was calculated on the basis of these agglutination reactions, 64% of patients with cd and 34% of patients with uc but only 10% of ... | 1983 | 6673050 |
| [serodiagnosis of crohn's disease]. | three serological tests, recommended as being of diagnostic value for crohn's disease, were evaluated in 39 patients with crohn's disease and--as controls--in 27 patients with ulcerative colitis, 45 healthy persons and 65 patients with inflammatory diseases other than crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. the tests were the determination of (1) serum antibodies to pseudomonas-like organisms (plo) by means of indirect immunofluorescence; (2) agglutinating serum antibodies to 4 strains of anaerob ... | 1983 | 6872878 |
| evidence for the placement of the gram-negative catonella morbi (moore and moore) and johnsonella ignava (moore and moore) within the clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria on the basis of 16s rrna sequences. | comparative 16s rrna analysis was used to determine the phylogenetic positions of catonella morbi and johnsonella ignava, which are members of two monospecific genera of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from human gingival crevices. both of these genera were found to belong to cluster xiva (m. d. collins, p. a. lawson, a. willems, j. j. cordoba, j. fernandez-garayzabal, p. garcia, j. cai, h. hippe, and j. a. e. farrow, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994) of the clostridium subphyl ... | 1995 | 7547310 |
| 16s ribosomal dna sequences of anaerobic cocci and proposal of ruminococcus hansenii comb. nov. and ruminococcus productus comb. nov. | the 16s ribosomal dna sequences of representative members of the family peptococcaceae were determined. the members of the family examined were divided into the following four phylogenetic groups: peptococcus niger atcc 27731t (t = type strain), the sarcina-peptostreptococcus anaerobius group, the ruminococcus-coprococcus group, and the peptostreptococcus group. peptococcus niger, the type species of the family, was not related to other members of the family. peptostreptococcus anaerobius atcc 2 ... | 1994 | 8123556 |
| phylogenetic analysis of butyrivibrio strains reveals three distinct groups of species within the clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria. | the phylogenetic positions of 40 butyrivibrio strains were determined by performing a comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rrna genes of these organisms. we found that all of the strains which we studied belong to cluster xiva (m. d. collins, p. a. lawson, a. willems, j. j. cordoba, j. fernandez=garayzabal, p. garcia, j. cai, h. hippe, and j. a. e. farrow, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994) of the clostridium subphylum of the gram-positive bacteria, which also includes several clostr ... | 1996 | 8573495 |
| the microbiology of butyrate formation in the human colon. | butyrate arising from microbial fermentation is important for the energy metabolism and normal development of colonic epithelial cells and has a mainly protective role in relation to colonic disease. while certain dietary substrates such as resistant starch appear to be butyrogenic in the colon, it is not known to what extent these stimulate butyrate production directly, e.g. by promoting amylolytic species, or indirectly, e.g. through cross-feeding of fermentation products. cultural and molecul ... | 2002 | 12480096 |
| the fecal microbiota of irritable bowel syndrome patients differs significantly from that of healthy subjects. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a significant gastrointestinal disorder with unknown etiology. the symptoms can greatly weaken patients' quality of life and account for notable economical costs for society. contribution of the gastrointestinal microbiota in ibs has been suggested. our objective was to characterize putative differences in gastrointestinal microbiota between patients with ibs and control subjects. these differences could potentially have a causal relationship with the syndrome. | 2007 | 17631127 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene for cellobiose 2-epimerase from a ruminal strain of eubacterium cellulosolvens. | cellobiose 2-epimerase (ce; ec 5.1.3.11) is known to catalyze the reversible epimerization of cellobiose to 4-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose in ruminococcus albus cells. here, we report a ce in a ruminal strain of eubacterium cellulosolvens for the first time. the nucleotide sequence of the ce had an orf of 1218 bp (405 amino acids; 46 963.3 da). the ce from e. cellulosolvens showed 44-54% identity to n-acyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase-like hypothetical proteins in the genomes of coprococcus eu ... | 2008 | 18710396 |
| fermented liquid feed enhances bacterial diversity in piglet intestine. | because of limitations imposed on the antibiotic use in animal industry, there is a need for alternatives to maintain the efficiency of production. one of them may be the use of fermented liquid feed (flf) but how it affects gut ecology is poorly understood. we investigated the effect of three diets, standard dry feed (control), dry feed supplemented with antibiotics, and fermented liquid feed (flf, fermented with lactobacillus plantarum), on gut bacterial diversity in piglets. the structure of ... | 2010 | 19393756 |
| modulations of the chicken cecal microbiome and metagenome in response to anticoccidial and growth promoter treatment. | with increasing pressures to reduce or eliminate the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion purposes in production animals, there is a growing need to better understand the effects elicited by these agents in order to identify alternative approaches that might be used to maintain animal health. antibiotic usage at subtherapeutic levels is postulated to confer a number of modulations in the microbes within the gut that ultimately result in growth promotion and reduced occurrence of disease. t ... | 2011 | 22114729 |
| cow teat skin, a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production. | the diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16s rrna gene sequencing. this was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16s rrna gene sequencing. this study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as ... | 2012 | 22081572 |
| exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: implications for stressor-induced immunomodulation. | the bodies of most animals are populated by highly complex and genetically diverse communities of microorganisms. the majority of these microbes reside within the intestines in largely stable but dynamically interactive climax communities that positively interact with their host. studies from this laboratory have shown that stressor exposure impacts the stability of the microbiota and leads to bacterial translocation. the biological importance of these alterations, however, is not well understoo ... | 2010 | 21040780 |
| association of symptoms with gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome. | to investigate the correlations between self-reported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) and the gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota composition. | 2010 | 20857523 |
| molecular characterization of mucosal adherent bacteria and associations with colorectal adenomas. | the human large bowel is colonized by complex and diverse bacterial communities. however, the relationship between commensal bowel bacteria and adenomas (colorectal cancer precursors) is unclear. this study aimed to characterize adherent bacteria in normal colon and evaluate differences in community composition associated with colorectal adenomas. we evaluated adherent bacteria in normal colonic mucosa of 21 adenoma and 23 non-adenoma subjects enrolled in a cross sectional study. terminal restri ... | 2010 | 20740058 |
| catabolism of phloroglucinol by the rumen anaerobe coprococcus. | a rumen isolate, coprococcus, sp. pe(1)5, was found to carry phloroglucinol reductase, which catalyzed the initial step in the breakdown of phloroglucinol. the organism uses phloroglucinol as the sole source of carbon and energy when grown in the absence of oxygen. induced levels of enzyme were detected in cells grown either on phloroglucinol or on other carbon sources in the presence of limiting quantities of phloroglucinol. although the organism is a strict anaerobe, the enzyme from anaerobica ... | 1981 | 16345897 |
| contribution of acetate to butyrate formation by human faecal bacteria. | acetate is normally regarded as an endproduct of anaerobic fermentation, but butyrate-producing bacteria found in the human colon can be net utilisers of acetate. the butyrate formed provides a fuel for epithelial cells of the large intestine and influences colonic health. [1-(13)c]acetate was used to investigate the contribution of exogenous acetate to butyrate formation. faecalibacterium prausnitzii and roseburia spp. grown in the presence of 60 mm-acetate and 10 mm-glucose derived 85-90 % but ... | 2004 | 15182395 |
| acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme a (coa):acetate-coa transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine. | seven strains of roseburia sp., faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and coprococcus sp. from the human gut that produce high levels of butyric acid in vitro were studied with respect to key butyrate pathway enzymes and fermentation patterns. strains of roseburia sp. and f. prausnitzii possessed butyryl coenzyme a (coa):acetate-coa transferase and acetate kinase activities, but butyrate kinase activity was not detectable either in growing or in stationary-phase cultures. although unable to use acetate ... | 2002 | 12324374 |
| culturing and extraction of coprococcus comes, absorption of serumagglutinins by soluble fractions and relation between agglutinins and antibodies in sera of patients with crohn's disease. | agglutinating antibodies to coprococcus comes and three other obligately anaerobic coccoid rods from the intestinal flora are used in the diagnosis of crohn's disease. further studies on the pathogenetic role as well as the development of more sensitive and specific methods for detecting antibodies require extraction of the antigen fractions. culturing methods to obtain c. comes with optimal antigen presentation and isolation of soluble antigen fractions were therefore developed. hot water extra ... | 1986 | 3762491 |
| antibodies to coprococcus comes in sera of patients with crohn's disease. isolation and purification of the agglutinating antigen tested with an elisa technique. | previous studies showed that agglutinating antibodies to coprococcus comes, an anaerobic gram-positive coccoid rod isolated from the faecal flora of patients with crohn's disease, are more frequently found in sera of crohn patients than in ulcerative colitis patients and healthy subjects. isolation of the antigen may be useful in developing a more sensitive and specific diagnostic test. the present study describes first a method to improve the presentation of the relevant agglutinating antigen b ... | 1987 | 3669061 |
| products of anaerobic phloroglucinol degradation by coprococcus sp. pe15. | under anaerobic conditions, resting cell suspensions of coprococcus sp. pe15 degraded 1 molecule of phloroglucinol to 2 molecules of acetic acid and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide. the organism metabolized the flavonoids rhamnetin and quercetin anaerobically in 20% rumen fluid medium but failed to grow under similar conditions at the expense of any of 39 other aromatic or flavonoid compounds tested. | 1976 | 944077 |
| the currently used commercial dna-extraction methods give different results of clostridial and actinobacterial populations derived from human fecal samples. | recently several human health-related microbiota studies have had partly contradictory results. as some differences may be explained by methodologies applied, we evaluated how different storage conditions and commonly used dna-extraction kits affect bacterial composition, diversity, and numbers of human fecal microbiota. according to our results, the dna-extraction did not affect the diversity, composition, or quantity of bacteroides spp., whereas after a week's storage at -20 °c, the numbers of ... | 2011 | 22098067 |