| susceptibility of infant white swiss mice to buffalo-pox virus. | | 1978 | 205987 |
| immunoperoxidase studies on the detection of buffalo pox virus (bpv) induced antigens in chick embryo fibroblast cell culture. | | 1978 | 374265 |
| haemagglutinating property of buffalo-pox virus. | | 1976 | 1033153 |
| a study of the ultrastructure of the buffalo pox virus. | buffalo pox virus (strain bp 4) has been studied by electron microscopy of sections of infected chorioallantoic membrane cells. the ultrastructure of the virus has been described and compared with the ultrastructure of vaccinia virus. no differences between the two viruses were found. in relation to the ways of release two forms of mature virions have been described. these are probably analogous to the previously described c- and m-form of vaccinia. | 1975 | 1155117 |
| detection of swine pox and buffalo pox viruses in cell culture using a protein a-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. | buffalo pox virus antigen was detected in vero cells and swine pox virus antigen in the cytoplasm and nucleus of pk-15 and ib-rs-2 cells as early as 6 hr post infection (p.i.) by indirect immunoperoxidase technique using a protein a-horseradish peroxidase (hrp) conjugate. the viral antigens localized in the cytoplasm of infected cells were the most prominent after 24 hr p.i. | 1989 | 2570516 |
| immune response induced by vero cell culture adapted buffalo pox virus in rabbits and buffaloes. | the vero cell culture adapted buffalo pox virus was found to be completely attenuated at 40th passage for rabbits as well as buffaloes since it did not produce any thermal reaction or skin lesions. it induced high level of humoral and cell mediated immune response in rabbits as well as buffaloes. the antibody titres obtained were 80-160 for sn antibody, 32 for complement fixing and 640-1280 for enzyme immunoassay antibodies. the percent migration inhibition (mi) of leukocytes was 65.3% in rabbit ... | 1989 | 2680930 |
| experimental pathogenesis of buffalo pox virus in rabbits: clinico-pathological studies. | buffalo pox virus produced typical pock lesions on the skin of rabbits at the site of primary inoculation following an incubation period of 48-72 hr. gross lesions in internal organs, characterized by focal or diffuse necrotic areas on lung, liver and spleen were seen from day 5 post-inoculation (p. i.). isolated lesions of approximately 2 mm diameter appeared in skin, stomach, intestine and uterus from day 7 p. i. histopathological changes, i. e. intra-alveolar and intra-bronchial haemorrhages ... | 1986 | 2878586 |
| studies on pathogenesis of buffalo pox virus in rabbits: quantitative assay of virus in different organs. | the buffalo pox virus was found to multiply in the skin, the primary site of inoculation with an eclipse phase of 12 hr. the virus was then detected in the skin after 15 hr followed by its appearance in regional lymph nodes 36 hr postinoculation. primary viremia was detected 48 hr postinoculation, followed by detection of virus in the lungs, liver, and spleen. the virus multiplied in the lungs on day 4 and in the liver and spleen on day 5 postinoculation and its release led to secondary viremia. ... | 1985 | 2999566 |
| pathogenesis of buffalo-pox virus in buffalo calves. | pathogenesis of buffalo-pox virus (bp4 strain) in buffalo calves following intradermal inoculation revealed bimodal thermal reaction. the prominent symptoms were lacrimation, mucoprulent nasal discharge and diarrhoea. the typical pook lesions produced in the skin were passed through reseolar, papular, vesicular, pustular and desquamative stages of infection followed with a second rash, between day 6-8 on the lips, tongue, neck, perinium region and around the nostrils and eyes. after the eclipse ... | 1985 | 3000970 |
| isolation, cultivation and haemadsorption of buffalo pox virus on bhk-21 cell line from dhule epidemic (western india). | an epidemic of buffalo pox infection in buffaloes, white cattle, horses, goats and human beings in the dhule district of maharashtra state (india) during december, 1975 to march, 1976 is reported. buffalo pox virus from this epidemic has been propagated in bhk-21 cell line directly from the skin scab materials collected from those animals in phosphate glycerine buffer. a specific cytopathic effect (cpe) produced in these cell lines was differentiated from the non-specific cpe by the demonstratio ... | 1986 | 3019914 |
| immune response in buffalo calves experimentally infected with buffalo-pox virus. | | 1986 | 3033055 |
| serological characterization of buffalopox virus. | | 1973 | 4207285 |
| buffalopox virus. | | 1969 | 4309302 |
| serological relationship of buffalopox virus to vaccinia and cowpox viruses. | | 1970 | 4394186 |
| buffalopox virus. (preliminary report). brief report. | | 1973 | 4633584 |
| cultivation of buffalo pox virus in pup kidney cell culture. | | 1984 | 6148862 |
| cellular and humoral immune responses to buffalopox virus in experimentally infected mice and rabbits. | the experiments on protective immunity were conducted in a closely bred population of mice which did not show graft versus host reactions. simultaneous passive transfer of 0.25 ml rabbit anti-buffalopox virus serum and subsequent challenge with 0.05 ml 10(5) tcid100/ml of buffalopox virus (bpv) showed 57.15 and 47.06% protection with a 1:2 and 1:16 dilutions of buffalopox hyperimmune serum 24 h prior to challenge with bpv showed 87.50 and 75.0% protection, respectively. the passive transfer of n ... | 1980 | 6253389 |
| a note on the attenuation of buffalopox virus. | | 1981 | 6273307 |
| comparative studies on cultivation of buffalo pox virus in pup kidney and chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture. | | 1984 | 6519695 |
| characterization of the indian buffalo (bos bublis) immunoglobulin g & its quantitation after buffalopox virus infection. | | 1980 | 6776042 |
| indirect immunoperoxidase & peroxidase-anti-peroxidase studies on the detection of buffalopox virus antigens in cell culture. | | 1980 | 6995287 |
| pcr strategy for identification and differentiation of small pox and other orthopoxviruses. | rapid identification and differentiation of orthopoxviruses by pcr were achieved with primers based on genome sequences encoding the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, an infected-cell membrane antigen that distinguishes orthopoxviruses from other poxvirus genera. the initial identification step used a primer pair of consensus sequences for amplifying an ha dna fragment from the three known north american orthopoxviruses (raccoonpox, skunkpox, and volepox viruses), and a second pair for amplifying virt ... | 1995 | 7559950 |
| virological investigations of specimens from buffaloes affected by buffalopox in maharashtra state, india between 1985 and 1987. | isolates of poxviruses were made from thirteen of eighteen specimens of scabs taken from pox lesions on buffaloes in five different districts of maharashtra state, india, between december, 1985 and february, 1987. the biological characters of twelve of the isolates resembled those of the hissar strain of buffalopox virus; the thirteenth isolate appeared to be vaccinia. the hin diii restriction profiles of dna from all 13 isolates and from the hissar strain were typical of those given by vaccinia ... | 1993 | 8094611 |
| [isolation and identification of the smallpox virus which caused iatrogenic vaccinia in children in the city of vladivostok]. | the comparative study of the specimens of the morphological elements of exanthema obtained from 8 children with the clinical diagnosis of secondary exogenic vaccinia, dried smallpox vaccine and the cultures of other orthopoxviruses (rabbit pox, monkey pox and buffalo pox viruses) was made. the isolation and identification of the causative agents from the specimens was carried out with the use of modern virological, electron microscopic and molecular methods. the study proved the fact that 8 chil ... | 2001 | 11548257 |
| partial antigenic characterization of buffalopox virus. | the present study was undertaken to antigenically characterize the buffalopox virus (bpv). six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the bp4 strain of bpv have been produced and characterized. all six mabs appeared to be specific to bpv, as none of them showed cross-reactivity with other poxviruses in antigen capture elisa. only two mabs (20ab8 and 20cd11) bound significantly with different bpv isolates in antigen capture elisa, whereas the remaining four mabs bound weakly with the bpv. in wester ... | 2004 | 15509027 |
| cloning and biological characterization of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) interferon-gamma. | interferon-gamma, a major immunomodulatory cytokine, of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) was characterized at molecular level. complementary dna and essential promoter region were cloned and sequenced, and functional recombinant protein was expressed in bacterial system. the cdna has 97.8% nucleotide identity with 11-nucleotide and four-amino acid variations, and the essential promoter region has 98.4% identity with five-nucleotide variations and a four-nucleotide deletion in comparison wi ... | 2006 | 16360017 |
| comparative sequence analysis of envelope protein genes of indian buffalopox virus isolates. | buffalopox virus (bpxv) is considered to be a close variant of vaccinia virus (vacv), the prototype member of the genus orthopoxvirus. in the present study, we have analyzed the sequences of h3l, a27l, and d8l gene-homologues of vacv in bpxv to elucidate its genetic relationship to vacv and other orthopoxviruses (opvs). products of these genes have been shown to be important in attachment of vacv to host cell surface receptors during viral entry. additionally, the a27l gene is also responsible f ... | 2006 | 16625321 |
| b5r gene based sequence analysis of indian buffalopox virus isolates in relation to other orthopoxviruses. | we determined complete nucleotide sequence of b5r gene homologue of vaccinia virus (vacv) in five buffalopox virus (bpxv) isolates of indian origin. the obtained sequences were compared with themselves and with corresponding sequences of the other orthopoxviruses. sequence analysis revealed 99.799.8% and 99.499.7% identities among the bpxv isolates for b5r gene at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. sequence identities of b5r gene between bpxv and vacv isolates (98.199.7%) or oth ... | 2007 | 17432943 |
| buffalopox: an emerging and re-emerging zoonosis. | outbreaks of buffalopox or pox-like infections affecting buffaloes, cows and humans have been recorded in many parts of the world. since the first outbreak in india, a large number of epidemics have occurred. unlike in the previous years, generalized forms of the disease are now rare; however, there are severe local forms of the disease affecting the udder and teats, leading to mastitis thereby undermining the productivity of milk animals. the causative agent buffalopox virus (bpxv) is a member ... | 2007 | 17692147 |
| sequence analysis of c18l gene of buffalopox virus: pcr strategy for specific detection and differentiation of buffalopox from orthopoxviruses. | the c18l gene of buffalopox virus (bpxv), a homologue of vaccinia virus (vacv), which encodes the ankyrin repeat protein was sequenced and analyzed to elucidate its genetic relationship with vacvs and also to devise a pcr strategy for the diagnosis of buffalopox. pcr amplification and sequencing of the c18l gene of bpxv-bp4 revealed the truncated ankyrin protein with a coding region consisting of only 50 amino acids (aa) as against a 150-aa-long peptide expressed by vacv (copenhagen strain). bpx ... | 2008 | 18790707 |
| when good vaccines go wild: feral orthopoxvirus in developing countries and beyond. | the presence of zoonotic poxviruses in nature represents a potential human health risk that has to be re-evaluated by health authorities not only in developing countries, but also in many developed countries. for example, buffalopox virus infection remains to be a threat to humans and cattle in india, and monkeypox virus infection persists in several inhabited places in africa and, more recently, in the usa. there are also a great number of zoonotic transmissions of cowpox virus from cats to hum ... | 2008 | 19738346 |
| partial genetic characterization of viruses isolated from pox-like infection in cattle and buffaloes: evidence of buffalo pox virus circulation in indian cows. | characterization of field isolates of viruses associated with pox-like outbreaks involving both cows (cattle) and buffaloes was carried out. pcr and electron microcopy of representative virus isolates from these animals, initially identified them as orthopoxviruses (opxvs). sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a-type inclusion and haemagglutinin (ha) genes of these isolates revealed a closer relationship with other opxvs. sequencing of the ha gene of these isolates revealed sequence identity of ... | 2010 | 19956986 |
| zoonotic infections of buffalopox in india. | four outbreaks of buffalopox in domestic buffaloes, with considerable mortality with high case fatality rates in young buffalo calves and high morbidity with significant productivity loss in terms of reduction in milk yield in adult animals along with severe zoonotic infection in milk attendants were recorded at various places in india, during 2006-2008. in buffaloes, the pox lesions were confined to udder and teats of the majority of the affected animals, and in few animals the lesions were app ... | 2010 | 20042058 |
| comparative sequence analysis of b5r gene of zoonotic buffalo pox virus isolates with other orthopoxviruses. | the present paper describes the isolation of buffalo pox virus from scab lesions and its molecular characterization through b5r gene sequencing. during our study, pustular pox lesions were observed on the teats and mammary parenchyma of cattle and buffaloes, and the disease was of significant zoonotic importance since similar lesions were produced on the hands, legs, and face of people in close contact with the affected animals. the collected scab materials were subjected for virus isolation in ... | 2010 | 20936505 |
| emerging and re-emerging zoonotic buffalopox infection: a severe outbreak in kolhapur (maharashtra), india. | buffalopox is an emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral infection. the authors investigated an extensive zoonotic outbreak of buffalopox involving many human cases. high morbidity and significant productivity losses were recorded among domestic buffalo in kolhapur (maharashtra), india, between february and march 2009. the outbreak involved a total of 4000 buffalo from 21 villages in which over 10 000 buffalo were herded. the outbreak also involved 125 humans who were mostly animal handlers and ... | 2010 | 21120799 |
| buffalopox outbreak in humans and animals in western maharashtra, india. | an outbreak of febrile illness with rash was reported in humans and buffaloes with pox lesions in some villages of solapur and kolhapur districts of maharashtra state, india. detailed clinico-epidemiological investigations were done with collection of blood, vesicular fluid and scab from humans and animals. a total of 166 suspected human cases from kasegaon village in solapur district and 185 cases were reported from 21 different villages from kolhapur district. the attack rate in humans in kase ... | 2011 | 21511350 |
| outbreak of human buffalopox infection. | an outbreak of febrile illness with vesicular lesions on hands and forearms of six persons was investigated. there was simultaneous outbreak of similar illness in buffaloes that were milked by these persons. buffaloes had lesions on many parts of body including udder and teats. manual milking without gloves exposed the persons to the infection. investigations proved that both the outbreaks were due to buffalopox virus infection. improved dairy practices like wearing gloves while milking might he ... | 2011 | 21731308 |
| analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral activities of 2-(5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3h-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones. | a novel series of 2-(5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3h-benzo[f]chromen-3-ones (4a-e) have been evaluated for analgesic, antibacterial and antiviral activities. analgesic activity was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing method in swiss albino male mice. the antibacterial activity was performed against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical strains by agar well diffusion method. the in vitro antiviral activity was carried out against camelpox and buffalopox viruses. the analgesic activ ... | 2012 | 23626395 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant major envelope protein (rh3l) of buffalopox virus in animal models. | buffalopox virus, a zoonotic indian vaccinia-like virus, is responsible for contagious disease affecting mainly buffaloes, cattle and humans. h3l gene, encoding for an immunodominant major envelope protein of intracellular mature virion of orthopoxviruses, is highly conserved and found to elicit neutralizing antibodies. therefore in the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant h3l protein of buffalopox virus in laboratory animal models has been evaluated. a pa ... | 2016 | 26723250 |
| structural analysis and immunogenicity of recombinant major envelope protein (ra27l) of buffalopox virus, a zoonotic indian vaccinia-like virus. | buffalopox virus (bpxv), an indian variant of vaccinia virus (vacv), is a zoonotic agent and affects buffaloes, cattle and humans. a27l is one of the conserved major immuno-dominant envelope proteins of orthopox viruses (opvs) involved in viral entry/maturation and elicits neutralizing antibodies. in this study, the a27l gene of bpxv-vij/96 strain encoding recombinant mature a27l (21s to e110) and c-terminal truncated a27l-lzd (21s to n84aa) proteins were cloned and over-expressed in escherichia ... | 2015 | 26319070 |
| taqman based real-time duplex pcr for simultaneous detection and quantitation of capripox and orf virus genomes in clinical samples. | a rapid and sensitive taqman based real-time duplex pcr (drt-pcr) assay for simultaneous detection, differentiation and quantitation of capripoxvirus (capv) and orf virus (orfv) dna, was optimized targeting the highly conserved dna polymerase genes of these virus genomes. two pairs of oligonucleotide primers and two hybridization probes labeled with cy5/bhq1 and hex/bhq1 for capv and orfv, respectively, were used in the drt-pcr assay. the assay was found to be specific only to targeted viruses a ... | 2014 | 24552953 |
| co-administration of recombinant major envelope proteins (ra27l and rh3l) of buffalopox virus provides enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. | buffalopox virus (bpxv) and other vaccinia-like viruses (vlvs) are causing an emerging/re-emerging zoonosis affecting buffaloes, cattle and humans in india and other countries. a27l and h3l are immuno-dominant major envelope proteins of intracellular mature virion (imv) of orthopoxviruses (opvs) and are highly conserved with an ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies. in the present study, two recombinant proteins namely; ra27l (21s to e110; ∼30 kda) and rh3l(1m to i280; ∼50 kda) of bpxv-vij/9 ... | 2017 | 28259752 |
| detection of vaccinia virus in dairy cattle serum samples from 2009, uruguay. | we detected orthopoxvirus in 28 of 125 serum samples collected during 2009 from cattle in uruguay. two samples were pcr-positive for vaccinia virus and had sequences similar to those for vaccinia virus associated with outbreaks in brazil. autochthonous circulation of vaccinia virus in uruguay and other south american countries cannot be ruled out. | 2016 | 27869601 |
| complexities in isolation and purification of multiple viruses from mixed viral infections: viral interference, persistence and exclusion. | successful purification of multiple viruses from mixed infections remains a challenge. in this study, we investigated peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) mixed infection in goats. rather than in a single cell type, cytopathic effect (cpe) of the virus was observed in cocultured vero/bhk-21 cells at 6th blind passage (bp). pprv, but not fmdv could be purified from the virus mixture by plaque assay. viral rna (mixture) transfection in bhk-21 cells produc ... | 2016 | 27227480 |
| laboratory-acquired buffalopox virus infection, india. | | 2014 | 24447599 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of host-range (e3l, k3l, and c7l) and structural protein (b5r) genes of buffalopox virus isolates from buffalo, cattle, and human in india. | buffalopox virus (bpxv), a close variant of vaccinia virus (vacv) has emerged as a zoonotic pathogen. the host tropism of poxviruses is governed by host-range genes. among the host-range genes: e3l, k3l, and c7l are essential for virus replication by preventing interferon resistance, whereas b5r is essential for spread of the virus and evasion from the host's immune response as in vacv. we report sequence analysis of host-range genes: e3l, k3l, c7l, and membrane protein gene (b5r) of bpxvs from ... | 2012 | 22872567 |
| buffalopox. | buffalopox is a contagious viral disease affecting milch buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and, rarely, cows. the disease has zoonotic implications, as outbreaks are frequently associated with human infections, particularly in the milkers. buffalopox is associated with high morbidity (80%). the clinical symptoms of the disease are characterized by wartline lesions on the udder, teats, inguinal region, base of the ears, and over the parotid. in the severe form, generalized rash is observed. although th ... | 2018 | 29323851 |
| mnk1 inhibitor as an antiviral agent suppresses buffalopox virus protein synthesis. | a small molecule chemical inhibitor cgp57380 that blocks activation of mapk interacting kinase 1 (mnk1) was found to significantly suppress buffalopox virus (bpxv) replication. bpxv infection was shown to induce mnk1 activation. depletion of mnk1 by small interfering rna (sirna), blocking activation of extracellular regulated kinase (erk, an upstream activator of mnk1) and disruption of eif4e/eif4g interaction (downstream substrate of mnk1 which plays a central role in cap-dependent translation ... | 2018 | 30393013 |