| feline infectious peritonitis: a worldwide serosurvey. | feline sera from 13 countries were assayed for coronavirus antibody, using a heterologous indirect immunofluorescence test. significantly higher percentages of antibody carriers were obtained during testing randomly collected sera from mature males (greater than 1 year old) than in testing females of the same age. antibodies were infrequently found in immature cats (less than 6 months old); at 1 year of age or older, a plateau was reached and little change in the percentage of seroconverted anim ... | 1979 | 230758 |
| application of ovine luteinizing hormone (lh) radioimmunoassay in the quantitation of lh in different mammalian species. | a sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring luteinizing hormone (lh) in various african mammalian species, using rabbit anti-ovine lh serum (gdn 15) and radioiodinated rat lh or ovine lh. serum and pituitary homogenates from some african mammals (hyrax, reedbuck, sable, impala, tsessebe, thar, spring-hare, ground squirrel and cheetah, as well as the domestic sheep, cow and horse and laboratory rat and hamster) produced displacement curves parallel to that of the ... | 1977 | 330153 |
| [a case of relapsing cutaneous larva migrans transmitted by a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)]. | a case of relapsing "creeping eruption" connected with parasites of the cheetah is reported in the man. the parasitological examination, carried out in two cheetahs liable of this syndrome, has shown two different helmintic species: ancylostoma caninum and ancylostoma tubaeforme. | 1978 | 575999 |
| aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection in the cheetah. | | 1977 | 599269 |
| esophageal hiatal hernia. case report of a dog and a cheetah. | case reports of a paraesophageal hiatal hernia in a french bulldog and an invagination of the stomach into the esophagus in a cheetah are presented. in both cases there was an enlarged hiatus and in the cheetah the hiatus was clearly bounded by a muscular loop. treatment consisted of surgical narrowing of the hiatus. the pathophysiology of hiatal hernia is discussed with reference to experimental studies in dogs. | 1978 | 675645 |
| observations on naturally acquired hepatozoonosis of wild carnivores and dogs in the republic of south africa. | hepatozoonosis was studied in hyaenas, lions, jackals, cheetahs and one leopard in the kruger national park and compared with the condition seen in dogs in the republic of south africa. hepatozoon schizonts were found in the wild carnivores. the genesis of microschizonts was followed and is illustrated. the schizonts were sometimes very plentiful in the lung, myocardium and skeletal muscle, and were also encountered in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes. gametocytes were present in leucocytes. th ... | 1975 | 1221330 |
| pathogenicity of a strain of feline calicivirus for domestic kittens. | a strain of feline calicivirus, isolated from a cheetah exhibiting ulcerative glossitis and conjunctivitis, was administered by aerosol to 4 domestic cats and by contact to a fifth cat. despite the limited number of animals available for the experiment, the pathogenicity of the virus strain for domestic cats was established. in aerosol-infected animals, clinical signs were referable to infection of both upper and lower respiratory tracts. the virus produced an interstitial pneumonia which, early ... | 1975 | 1222003 |
| decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) cubs. | blood was collected from captive cheetah cubs (acinonyx jubatus) from the ages of 4 to 12 wk and monitored for the decline in maternally derived antibodies to feline panleukopenia, herpes and calici viruses. a steady decrease was seen in most of the cubs. antibody responses to inactivated and/or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine also were measured. the strongest responses were seen post vaccination with mlv vaccine only. | 1992 | 1312644 |
| in vitro responses of cheetah mononuclear cells to feline herpesvirus-1 and cryptococcus neoformans. | in vitro t cell function by domestic cats and cheetahs to two common pathogens, feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and cryptococcus neoformans, was assessed. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) were stimulated with two strains of uv-inactivated fhv-1, whole heat-killed organisms or capsular antigen of cryptococcus neoformans, and proliferative responses measured. as a group, cheetah pbm responded significantly poorer than domestic cat pbm when cultured with fhv-1. however, individual cheetah resp ... | 1992 | 1317618 |
| retrovirus infections in non-domestic felids: serological studies and attempts to isolate a lentivirus. | an african lioness from the zoo of zurich had to be euthanized because of an inoperable tumor. the serum tested negative for feline leukemia virus (felv) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) but was strongly positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies by elisa and western blot. when her only offspring and mate were tested for fiv, high antibody titers to fiv were also found in their serum. lymphocytes were prepared from these two lions on different occasions a ... | 1992 | 1337398 |
| incidence of feline immunodeficiency virus reactive antibodies in free-ranging lions of the kruger national park and the etosha national park in southern africa detected by recombinant fiv p24 antigen. | lion sera from the kruger national park (knp) dating back to 1977 and from the etosha national park (enp), obtained from 1989 to 1991, have been analysed by elisa and western blot analyses using a genetically engineered antigen representing the p24 structural protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). it was concluded that some 83% of 98 knp lion sera reacted with the p24 antigen, while none of 28 enp lion sera reacted. a few other knp felids (cheetahs and genets) gave samples that did not ... | 1992 | 1338477 |
| worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects. | the natural occurrence of lentiviruses closely related to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in nondomestic felid species is shown here to be worldwide. cross-reactive antibodies to fiv were common in several free-ranging populations of large cats, including east african lions and cheetahs of the serengeti ecosystem and in puma (also called cougar or mountain lion) populations throughout north america. infectious puma lentivirus (plv) was isolated from several florida panthers, a severely endan ... | 1992 | 1382145 |
| correlation of sperm viability with gamete interaction and fertilization in vitro in the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | sperm-oocyte interaction in vitro was studied in the cheetah, a species known to produce poor quality ejaculates and to experience low rates of fertility. twelve female cheetahs were injected (i.m.) with ecg followed by hcg 84 h later. twenty-four to 26 h post hcg, each was subjected to laparoscopic oocyte aspiration. a sperm motility index (smi) was calculated for each of 9 cheetah sperm donors that produced ejaculates averaging 41.3 +/- 22.9 x 10(6) motile sperm and 28.4 +/- 4.9% structurally ... | 1992 | 1391303 |
| antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine. | the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ... | 1991 | 1661784 |
| lack of antibodies to coronaviruses in a captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) population. | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 40) were tested by means of an immunofluorescent test (ift) for the presence of antibodies to the feline coronavirus group. all cheetahs tested negatively and this was further confirmed by virus serum neutralisation. | 1991 | 1663166 |
| rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species. | the potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to-excellent quality. one hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturati ... | 1991 | 1805993 |
| in vitro mitogen responses and lymphocyte subpopulations in cheetahs. | lack of genetic variability and apparent susceptibility of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) to coronavirus infection has lead to speculation that this species may have immune system deficits. to establish a foundation for evaluation of the immune function, cheetah peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) were stimulated by a panel of six mitogens, and responses compared with those of domestic cat pbm. individual responses in both species were variable, but evenly distributed throughout the ra ... | 1991 | 1835214 |
| persistent cutaneous ulcers associated with feline herpesvirus type 1 infection in a cheetah. | persistent cutaneous ulcers developed in a female cheetah cub after an episode of rhinotracheitis. when they were 3 weeks old, the cub and a male littermate developed mucopurulent oculonasal discharge consistent with feline herpesvirus type 1 infection (feline viral rhinotracheitis). the male cub was weaned and its lesions resolved. the female cub remained with the dam until the cub was 3 months old, at which time plaque-like lesions developed on the eye margins and muzzle. these plaques regress ... | 1991 | 1851739 |
| gastric spiral bacilli in captive cheetahs. | two kinds of gastric spiral bacilli were identified in the stomachs of captive cheetahs with naturally occurring gastritis. one type was morphologically similar to 'gastrospirillum hominis'. this organism could not be cultured in vitro. some of these bacteria had superficial helical filaments, and others did not. the other type was morphologically, biochemically, and bacteriologically similar to helicobacter pylori. this organism is most likely a new species of helicobacter. one or both of these ... | 1991 | 1866593 |
| dna variation of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex reflects genomic diversity and population history. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a multigene complex of tightly linked homologous genes that encode cell surface antigens that play a key role in immune regulation and response to foreign antigens. in most species, mhc gene products display extreme antigenic polymorphism, and their variability has been interpreted to reflect an adaptive strategy for accommodating rapidly evolving infectious agents that periodically afflict natural populations. determination of the extent of mhc vari ... | 1990 | 1967831 |
| prevalence of hematozoans in lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) from the serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area, tanzania were examined for the presence of blood protozoans. twenty-eight percent of the lions were infected with trypanosoma sp. and the prevalence of trypanosome infection varied significantly between adjacent habitats. all of the animals were infected with hepatozoon sp. and a theileria sp.-like piroplasm that was morphologically indistinguishable from theileria felis. | 1990 | 2117677 |
| prevalence and implications of feline coronavirus infections of captive and free-ranging cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | the extent and progression of exposure to feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus in the cheetah, acinonyx jubatus, was monitored by a world-wide serological survey with indirect fluorescent antibody titers to coronavirus. the indirect fluorescent antibody assay was validated by western blots, which showed that all indirect fluorescent antibody-positive cheetah sera detected both domestic cat and cheetah coronavirus structural proteins. there was a poor correlation between indirect fluorescent ... | 1990 | 2157864 |
| molecular genetic divergence of orang utan (pongo pygmaeus) subspecies based on isozyme and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. | the orang utan (pongo pygmaeus), as currently recognized, includes two geographically separated subspecies: pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, which resides on borneo, and p. p. abelii, which inhabits sumatra. at present, there is no known route of gene flow between the two populations except through captive individuals which have been released back into the wild over the last several decades. the two subspecies are differentiated by morphological and behavioral characters, and they can be distinguished b ... | 1990 | 2230076 |
| anthrax in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in namibia. | bacillus anthracis caused the death of five cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on a farm in the gobabis district in namibia. the mode of infection was believed to be a freshly shot baboon (papio ursinus) with a cutaneous anthrax lesion. | 1990 | 2388367 |
| comparative features of a coronavirus isolated from a cheetah with feline infectious peritonitis. | a coronavirus which was isolated from a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) that succumbed to feline infectious peritonitis was characterized in vitro. the virus was determined to be highly cell-associated with crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells and was routinely maintained as a persistent infection (crfk 83-4497). the cheetah coronavirus was compared with other members of the feline coronavirus group including the feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) 79-1683 and the feline infectious peritonitis viruses ( ... | 1989 | 2546331 |
| subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy in aged domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species--a light and selected electron microscopic study. | lumbar polyradiculopathy, characterized by ballooning myelin sheaths and axonal distortion, was documented in multiple, aged, domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species. animals studied that exhibited this nerve rootlet change included the goat, sheep, pig, white-tailed deer, gerbil, vole, ferret, beaver, hedgehog, chinchilla, north chinese leopard, lion, cheetah, mountain lion, llama, east african eland, uganda giraffe, polar bear, and drill. ultrastructurally, lumbar nerve rootlets fro ... | 1989 | 2766747 |
| biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah. | an epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah population during 1982-1983 served to focus attention on the susceptibility of the cheetah (acinoyx jubatus) to infectious disease. subsequent observations based upon seroepidemiological surveys and electron microscopy of fecal material verified that cheetahs were indeed capable of being infected by coronaviruses, which were antigenically related to coronaviruses affecting domestic cats, i.e. feline infectious peritonitis virus/f ... | 1988 | 2849387 |
| feline leukemia virus infection in a captive cheetah and the clinical and antibody response of six captive cheetahs to vaccination with a subunit feline leukemia virus vaccine. | | 1986 | 2851578 |
| comparison of a cheetah herpesvirus isolate to feline herpesvirus type 1. | a cytopathogenic virus with size and structural characteristics of a herpesviridae was isolated from a cheetah with severe ulcerative dermatitis. restriction endonuclease analysis and cross-hybridization studies revealed that the isolate was related to feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1). antigenic comparison studies using anti-fhv-1 serum demonstrated the presence of common antigens in the fhv-1 and the isolate from the cheetah. | 1988 | 2898931 |
| genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah. | a population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the south african cheetah (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. the genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. the apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species ... | 1985 | 2983425 |
| dietary estrogens--a probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs. | the cheetah in the wild is "racing towards extinction" mostly due to habitat destruction. its survival will probably depend on accelerated captive breeding. at this time, however, reproductive failure and liver disease threaten the future of the captive cheetah population. histopathological evaluation of more than 100 cheetah livers identified venocclusive disease as the main hepatic lesion responsible for liver disease in this species. analysis of the commercial feline diet by high-performance ... | 1987 | 3297906 |
| [research on the cat stomach worm, ollulanus tricuspis (leuckart, 1865)--state of the art]. | the stomach worm of the cat with an unusual cycle has a special place among the nematodes. o. tricuspis can develop and breed endogen as well as exogen, the infection of other hosts with freedom of movement, takes place through the ingestion of vomitus material containing parasites. as the conventional coproscopic methods of routine diagnosis have failed, the examination of gastric mucus or gastric mucosal scrapings post mortem offers itself. intra vitam a provocated vomitus or a gastric irrigat ... | 1985 | 3895570 |
| energy of the oscillating legs of a fast-moving cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant. | lifelike models of the oscillating legs treated as three-segment systems show the course of kinetic and potential energy over the locomotor cycle for a cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit, and elephant running at speeds approaching their maxima. the models can be adjusted to eliminate differences among the animals in time intervals, mass or length of limb, and joint angles. this facilitates analysis of the influence on total energy of each of these variables and of the distribution of mass among leg ... | 1985 | 3989863 |
| running in cheetahs, gazelles, and goats: energy cost and limb configuration. | | 1974 | 4429134 |
| notoedres cati (hering, 1838) infestation of the cheetah: preliminary report. | | 1972 | 4680377 |
| temperature regulation and heat balance in running cheetahs: a strategy for sprinters? | | 1973 | 4698801 |
| isolation of a feline picornavirus from cheetahs with conjunctivitis and glossitis. | | 1970 | 5533341 |
| effects of tactile and electrical stimuli upon release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the mammalian penis. | plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) in the corpora cavernosa penis and dorsal penile veins greatly exceeded those measured in the limb or caudal veins during anaesthesia in various mammals (bennett's wallaby, barbary sheep, cheetah, puma, sooty mangabey, pigtail macaque and chimpanzee). tactile stimulation of the penis immediately before or during collection of blood samples resulted in an increase. in the wallaby, vip levels (mean +/- s.e.m.) in blood samples collected from ... | 1984 | 6420493 |
| struvite uroliths in a cheetah. | | 1984 | 6511594 |
| identification of trout and salmon bloods by simple immunological technique and by electrofocusing patterns of red cell enzyme superoxide dismutase. | species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. this report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of t ... | 1983 | 6630130 |
| unique seminal quality in the south african cheetah and a comparative evaluation in the domestic cat. | analysis of 40 semen samples collected by electroejaculation from 18 cheetahs revealed no major differences in seminal traits among transvaal, south west (namibia) or hybrid (transvaal x south west) males. however, mean spermatozoal concentration (14.5 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate) and percent motility (54.0%) were less in cheetahs than in domestic cats (147.0 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate, 77.0% motility) subjected to the same electroejaculation regimen. on the average, cheetah eja ... | 1983 | 6640033 |
| [comparative anatomy of the mandible. functional aspects]. | the structural morphology of the mandibula is presented and correlated to various types of mastication in several mammalian species. the latter include: carnivores (dog, cat, cheetah, lion); omnivores (man, chimpanzee, hog); herbivores (horse, ox, goat, camel, rabbit). while the mandibula is studied as a composite unit, a more analytical, segmental approach has been included, and both are illustrated by x-rays. the aspects presented underline the distribution as well as the local modifications o ... | 1983 | 6679450 |
| gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids. | five species of felids (cheetah, north chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma) were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) to evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. animals were subjected to laparoscopy before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature ovarian follicles (mf), corpora hemorrhagica (ch), and corpora lutea (cl) were recorded and photographed. ovarian morphologic features, including mf, ch, and cl anatomy, were similar ... | 1982 | 6816775 |
| an outbreak of cowpox in captive cheetahs: virological and epidemiological studies. | this paper describes virological and epidemiological features of an infection which killed two of three affected cheetahs at whipsnade park in 1977. two animals had profuse skin lesions and the third had an acute haemorrhagic pneumonia. the outbreak was shown to be caused by cowpox virus. cowpox virus is believed to circulate in small wild animals, but the source of infection was not traced despite virological and serological tests on 93 captive and 102 wild animals. sub-clinical infections did ... | 1982 | 6891393 |
| the electrocardiogram of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | electrocardiograms were recorded on 19 cheetahs immobilized with the steroidal anaesthetic-hypnotic agent saffan comprising 0,9% m/v alphaxalone and 0,3% alphadolone. sinus rhythm was recorded in all animals and heart rate was rapid averaging 173 +/- sd 18 beats per minute. the average of mean electrical axes in the frontal plane was + 76 degrees +/- sd 13 degrees. mean +/- sd durations in milliseconds on lead ii were: p 47 +/- 6,5; pr 93 +/- 11,5; qrs 53 +/- 7,5; qt 193 +/- 19,7. the amplitude ... | 1981 | 7310794 |
| molecular evolution of mitochondrial 12s rna and cytochrome b sequences in the pantherine lineage of felidae. | dna sequence comparisons of two mitochondrial dna genes were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among 17 felidae species, notably 15 in the previously described pantherine lineage. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to generate sequences of 358 base pairs of the mitochondrial 12s rna gene and 289 base pairs of the cytochrome b protein coding gene. dna sequences were compared within and between 17 felid and five nonfelid carnivore species. evolutionary trees were constructed using ... | 1995 | 7544865 |
| genetic evidence for host specificity in the adhesin-encoding genes hxaa of helicobacter acinonyx, hnaa of h. nemestrinae and hpaa of h. pylori. | gastric and non-gastric species of helicobacter were examined for the presence of the adhesin-encoding gene, hpaa, from the human-associated gastric helicobacter h. pylori (hp), and for adhesin subunit protein hpaa. amplification of a 375-bp internal dna fragment of hpaa by pcr demonstrated the presence of the gene in hp and in two closely related gastric helicobacters, h. nemestrinae (hn) and h. acinonyx (hx), but not in the more distantly related h. felis (hf) and h. mustelae (hm). the non-gas ... | 1995 | 7557486 |
| evolutionary conservation of ten microsatellite loci in four species of felidae. | short tandem repeat polymorphisms (strp), or microsatellites, are widespread among vertebrate genomes and are useful in gene mapping and population studies due to a high level of length polymorphism. we describe here the isolation, characterization, and pcr amplification of 10 microsatellite loci from the domestic cat, felis catus. the flanking primer sequences were conserved among other felidae species, and amplification products demonstrated abundant polymorphism in puma, lion, cheetah, and do ... | 1995 | 7658003 |
| enhancing zona penetration by spermatozoa from a teratospermic species, the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) produce poor quality ejaculates that can limit the efficiency of standard assisted reproduction including artificial insemination (ai) and in vitro fertilization (ivf). the purpose of this study was to: (1) further study sperm-oocyte interaction in this teratospermic species by examining the ability of malformed sperm to interact with various oocyte barriers; and (2) assess the potential of zona piercing for assisting ivf in a teratospermic felid. zonae of salt-stored ... | 1995 | 7722475 |
| isospora rivolta recovered from cheetahs. | | 1994 | 7745586 |
| epidemiological observations on spongiform encephalopathies in captive wild animals in the british isles. | since 1986, scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in 19 captive wild animals of eight species at or from eight zoological collections in the british isles. the affected animals have comprised members of the family bovidae: one nyala (tragelaphus angasi), four eland (taurotragus oryx), and six greater kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), one gemsbok (oryx gazella), one arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), and one scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), and members of the family felidae: four ... | 1994 | 7817514 |
| comparative aspects of steroid hormone metabolism and ovarian activity in felids, measured noninvasively in feces. | noninvasive fecal assays were used to study steroid metabolism and ovarian activity in several felid species. using the domestic cat (felis catus) as model, the excretory products of injected [14c]estradiol (e2) and [14c]progesterone (p4) were determined. within 2 days, 97.0 +/- 0.6% and 96.7 +/- 0.5% of recovered e2 and p4 radioactivity, respectively, was found in feces. e2 was excreted as unconjugated estradiol and estrone (40%) and as a non-enzyme-hydrolyzable conjugate (60%). p4 was excreted ... | 1994 | 7819459 |
| a role for molecular genetics in biological conservation. | the recognition of recent accelerated depletion of species as a consequence of human industrial development has spawned a wide interest in identifying threats to endangered species. in addition to ecological and demographic perils, it has become clear that small populations that narrowly survive demographic contraction may undergo close inbreeding, genetic drift, and loss of overall genomic variation due to allelic loss or reduction to homozygosity. i review here the consequences of such genetic ... | 1994 | 7912434 |
| lymphocyte blast transformation responses and restriction fragment length analysis in the cheetah. | an extensive genetic and physiological analysis of the cheetah by o'brien et al. (1983; 1985; 1987) indicated that the cheetah showed monomorphism at the major histocompatability complex. this led o'brien (1985) to propose that the cheetah suffered from an immunodeficiency and was highly susceptible to diseases. it was therefore decided to investigate cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and to apply the limited restriction fragment length analysis (using pst 1 and bam h1 enzymes) of the c ... | 1993 | 7970577 |
| evidence of natural bluetongue virus infection among african carnivores. | bluetongue is an international office of epizootics list a disease described as the century's most economically devastating affliction of sheep. bluetongue (blu) viruses were thought to infect only ruminants, shrews, and some rodents, but recently, inadvertent administration of blu virus-contaminated vaccine resulted in mortality and abortion among domestic dogs. we present evidence of natural blu virus infection among african carnivores that dramatically widens the spectrum of susceptible hosts ... | 1994 | 7985748 |
| measurements of faecal oestradiol and progesterone in non-pregnant and pregnant domestic and exotic cats. | faecal samples collected for variable periods from 12 animals and five species of cats were assayed for progesterone and oestradiol content by application of standard radioimmunoassays to aliquots (50 microliters) of methanol extracts (4 ml) of a mixture of 0.5 g sample, 0.5 ml water and 1 g aluminium oxide, following partitioning of the total extract with petroleum ether (3 ml), further dilution of assay aliquots and drying. recoveries averaged 100 and 72% for oestradiol and progesterone, respe ... | 1993 | 8229917 |
| animal models of bacterial gastritis: the role of host, bacterial species and duration of infection on severity of gastritis. | gastric bacteria from cheetahs with gastritis were used to inoculate specific-pathogen free kittens and conventional mice. helicobacter sp. and gastrospirillum sp. colonized kittens, while only gastrospirillum sp. colonized mice. in kittens, both bacterial species induced mild lymphofolliclar gastritis which did not change over the course of the 11 months observation period. in mice, gastrospirillum sp. induced lymphoplasmacytic and follicular gastritis which increased in severity over 6 months ... | 1993 | 8280953 |
| helicobacter acinonyx sp. nov., isolated from cheetahs with gastritis. | four strains of a novel helicobacter species were isolated from the stomachs of cheetahs (acinonyx jubilatus) with gastritis. these isolates were phenotypically similar to helicobacter pylori. the isolates were gram-negative, spiral bacteria which grew under microaerophilic conditions at 37 degrees c, but not at 25 or 42 degrees c, and produced urease, catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. the isolates did not ferment glucose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, r ... | 1993 | 8379970 |
| epizootic gastritis associated with gastric spiral bacilli in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | an outbreak of vomiting in a group of captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) was investigated, and histologic examination revealed chronic gastritis characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes and numerous plasma cells and epithelial erosions. lymphoid follicles, globule leukocytes, scattered neutrophils, and (in one animal) abscessed gastric glands were inconsistent findings. in addition, necropsy of three cheetahs revealed gastric mucosal hyperplasia. two kinds of bacteria were identified in the ... | 1993 | 8442328 |
| demonstration of parvovirus in diarrhoeic african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus schreber, 1775). | parvovirus was demonstrated in the intestinal content of diarrhoeic african cheetahs by electron microscopy. the virus was isolated in a feline kidney cell line inoculated with a filtrate of the intestinal content. its growth characteristics, cytopathic effect, agglutination of porcine erythrocytes, structure, and results of immunoelectron microscopic examination were indistinguishable from those of feline panleukopenia virus. | 1993 | 8511841 |
| an animal model of gastric ulcer due to bacterial gastritis in mice. | conventional female balbc mice were inoculated with gastrospirillum-like bacteria in mouse gastric homogenate or in 5.0-microns filtrate of gastric homogenate. the bacteria were originally isolated from cheetahs with gastritis. the mice were killed 6 months, 7 months, or 1 year after inoculation. all mice became infected with gastrospirillum-like bacteria that were confined to the gastric mucosa. control mice, given either sterile brucella broth, 0.22-microns filtrate of infected gastric homogen ... | 1995 | 8578639 |
| hypervariable genomic variation to reconstruct the natural history of populations: lessons from the big cats. | the extent and nature of variation in hypervariable regions dna have been used in the past as a means to infer the natural histories of populations. we review the interpretation of the extent of genetic diversity for minisatellite dna in the cheetah to estimate the timing of a population bottleneck in the species and the potential application of a second class of hypervariable dna, microsatellite dna, as a molecular tool to examine the natural histories of felid populations. a calibration curve ... | 1995 | 8582370 |
| reproductive activity in captive female cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) assessed by faecal steroids. | faecal oestradiol and progestogen metabolite excretion was monitored in adult, female cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 26) for 1-24 months. increased faecal oestradiol excretion was associated with mating or equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) administration for artificial insemination, whereas increased progestogen metabolites were observed during natural and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg)-induced pregnant and nonpregnant luteal phases. on the basis of oestradiol excretory patterns, durat ... | 1996 | 8699419 |
| ancylostoma genettae, a. protelesis, a. somaliense: three new species from wild carnivora in the somali republic. | ancylostoma braziliense was found in somalia in acinonyx jubatus, canis familiaris, c. mesomelas, crocuta crocuta, felis catus, f. libyca, genetta genetta, otocyon megalotis, proteles cristatus; a. caninum in a. jubatus, c. familiaris, c. mesomelas, c. crocuta; a. duodenale in c. crocuta; a. iperodontatum in lynx caracal; a. paraduodenale in felis serval; a. tubaeforme in a. jubatus, f. catus, f. libyca; arthrocephalus gambiense in ichneumia albicauda; uncinaria parvibursata in mellivora capensi ... | 1995 | 8778662 |
| tuberculosis in buffaloes (syncerus caffer) in the kruger national park: spread of the disease to other species. | tuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium bovis, was recently diagnosed in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), two lions (panthera leo) and a chacma baboon (papio ursinus) from the kruger national park (knp). it is assumed that they contracted the disease directly or indirectly from tuberculous buffaloes in the park. tuberculous granulomatous lesions in the lungs were extensive and constituted the predominant changes in all three animal species. these pulmonary lesions included tuberculous bronchiolitis a ... | 1996 | 8917861 |
| the expanding genus of helicobacter: pathogenic and zoonotic potential. | the microbial flora of stomachs of humans and animals have been the focus of considerable research since the discovery that helicobacter pylori in humans caused a variety of gastric diseases. other helicobacter species have now been isolated from the stomachs of various mammals, including dogs, cats, ferrets, pigs, monkeys, and cheetahs, all of which are associated with various degrees of gastritis in their hosts. helicobacter species have also been isolated from the intestinal tracts of humans, ... | 1997 | 9232726 |
| the role of helicobacter species in newly recognized gastrointestinal tract diseases of animals. | because helicobacter pylori is now known to be a significant human pathogen, experimental animal models are increasingly being used to study the pathogenesis of this organism. unfortunately, early studies failed to establish h. pylori in animal models, and surprisingly, koch's postulates were initially fulfilled in two human volunteers. germfree experiments performed in pigs and pups however established that h. pylori would colonize in these animals, and gastritis was induced. certain macaque sp ... | 1997 | 9241625 |
| oral contrast agents for ct: a taste test survey. | our goal was to evaluate the palatability of the currently available oral contrast agents for ct. | 1997 | 9294558 |
| treatment of gastritis in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | three cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) had a clinical history of chronic spiral bacteria-associated gastritis and three cheetahs had no clinical history of gastritis. gastric biopsies were obtained from all six cheetahs prior to treatment for gastritis and 3 wk and 1 yr posttreatment. the cheetahs were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride 500 mg p.o. q.i.d., metronidazole 250 mg p.o. q.i.d., and bismuth subsalicylate 300 mg p.o. q.i.d. each drug was administered concurrently for 7 days. following ... | 1997 | 9365937 |
| systemic aa amyloidosis in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | ongoing disease surveillance of necropsied captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) (n = 141) revealed a high prevalence of renal amyloidosis (n = 54 [38%]; age 1 to 16 years). the prevalence increased from 20% in pre- 1990 necropsies to 70% of cheetahs necropsied in 1995. in 74% of the cheetahs with amyloidosis, renal failure was determined to be the sole or partial cause of death. papillary necrosis was seen only in affected cheetahs and involved 25% of these animals. amyloid was present predominan ... | 1997 | 9396135 |
| skeletal muscle histology and biochemistry of an elite sprinter, the african cheetah. | to establish a skeletal muscle profile for elite sprinters, we obtained muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius and soleus of african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). muscle ultrastructure was characterized by the fiber type composition and mitochondrial volume density of each sample. maximum enzyme activity, myoglobin content and mixed fiber metabolite content were used to assess the major biochemical pathways. the results demonstrate a preponderance of fast-twitch fibers in ... | 1997 | 9404014 |
| trichinella nelsoni in carnivores from the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania. | a survey of trichinellosis among sylvatic carnivore mammals from the serengeti ecosystem (tanzania) demonstrated the presence of trichinella nelsoni in 5 of 9 species examined. muscle samples were collected from carcasses of 56 carnivores from 1993 to 1995 and frozen before transport and examination. following artificial digestion of the samples, collected larvae were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna technique. trichinella nelsoni was identified in 1 bat-eared fox (otocyon megalo ... | 1997 | 9406805 |
| fatty acid metabolism in domestic cats (felis catus) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatas). | | 1997 | 9483667 |
| duodenal perforation in a cheetah (acinonyx jubilatus). | an 11-yr-old female cheetah (acinonyx jubilatus) from a privately owned breeding center for endangered species was referred for evaluation with a history of vomiting and depression of 10 days' duration. after anesthetic induction with tiletamine and zolazepam and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane, a complete diagnostic workup was performed, including hematology, serum chemistry, and radiography. the clinical diagnosis was septic suppurative inflammation and hemorrhage in the abdomen, consis ... | 1997 | 9523644 |
| pulmonary cryptococcoma and cryptococcal meningoencephalomyelitis in a king cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | a captive king cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) was evaluated for a subacute onset of ataxia in all four limbs. the ataxia appeared to be spinal in origin, evidenced by apparent conscious proprioceptive deficits in all limbs, and there was no evidence of cerebellar involvement. anesthesia was performed and survey spinal radiographs were normal. cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an apparently sterile meningitis of unknown etiology. although transient improvement was noted with glucocorticoid and an ... | 1997 | 9523645 |
| [anatomic and radiographic examination of the shoulder joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus)]. | anatomical structures of shoulder joints of five adult cheetahs were examined by dissection, corrosion casts and radiography. the bones, capsules and auxiliary synovial devices were described, as well as ligaments and adjacent muscles. the cheetah shoulder has many similarities with the shoulder joint of the domestic cat, but also considerable differences. proper osteological features were the large supraglenoid tubercle, the caudally directed coracoid process and the extension of the articular ... | 1998 | 9591374 |
| chronic gastritis in tigers associated with helicobacter acinonyx. | helicobacter pylori-like organisms (hplos) were isolated from the gastric mucosa of two sumatran tigers and identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis as helicobacter acinonyx. at histological examination, both tigers revealed a chronic gastritis associated with hplos as demonstrated by immunolabelling and electron microscopy. this is the first isolation of h. acinonyx from tigers, in which, as previously reported in cheetahs, it may be a cause of gastritis. | 1998 | 9717128 |
| regulation of sperm function by protein tyrosine phosphorylation in diverse wild felid species. | protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in several mammalian species. changes in phosphorylation of a 95-kda protein in human, mouse, and domestic cat spermatozoa are known to be influenced by capacitation and exposure to zona pellucida (zp) proteins. we previously reported diminished phosphorylation of 95- and 160-kda proteins in spermatozoa from teratospermic cats, compared with normospermic domestic cats. to determine if these proteins ... | 1998 | 9876019 |
| glomerulosclerosis in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) is an endangered species with low fecundity and premature death in captivity. a previous survey determined that renal failure as a result of glomerulosclerosis was a major cause of death in captive populations. this study characterizes the morphologic, histochemical, and epidemiologic properties of glomerulosclerosis in this population. kidneys from 87 cheetahs were examined by light microscopy; kidneys from six of those cheetahs were examined by electron and fluor ... | 1999 | 9921751 |
| deficiency of cytosolic arylamine n-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single nat1-like gene. | the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, nat1 and nat2. n-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean km = 2.1 microm) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an nat1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean km > 10 mm) f ... | 1998 | 10022754 |
| systemic candidiasis in a cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | systemic candidiasis, with involvement of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lymph nodes, was diagnosed in a geriatric captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). the animal had a long clinical history of intermittent chronic gastritis associated with helicobacter acinonyx and chronic renal failure, both of which were repeatedly treated with broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. following euthanasia, a postmortem examination showed numerous microabscesses and granulomas composed of degenerate eosinophils a ... | 1998 | 10065861 |
| comparative genome organization of the major histocompatibility complex: lessons from the felidae. | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has taught both immunologists and evolutionary biologists a great deal about the patterns and processes that have led to immune defenses. driven principally by human and mouse studies, comparative mhc projects among other mammalian species offer certain advantages in connecting mhc genome characters to natural situations. we have studied the mhc in the domestic cat and in several wild species of felidae. our observations affirm class i and cla ... | 1999 | 10319256 |
| the ab blood group system in wild felids. | the blood type of 131 non-domesticated felids belonging to 26 felid species was surveyed in this study. based upon a tube hemagglutination assay established for domestic cats, 80% of felids had type-a, 18% type-b, and 2% type-ab blood. felids in the puma group and african and asian golden cats had blood type b, whereas all other species were found to have blood type a. two cheetahs and one bobcat had type-ab blood. red cell glycolipids analysed by high performance thin layer chromatography revea ... | 1999 | 10376305 |
| [anatomic features of the carpal joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatuw), compared with the domestic cat (felis catus)]. | the anatomy of the carpal joint of the cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) was examined in seven specimens using dissection and corrosion casts as well as radiography, and compared to well-known data of the domestic cat (felis catus). it was found that in the cheetah, as in the domestic cat, the intermedioradial, ulnar and accessory carpal bones, as well as the first, second, third and fourth carpal bones and the sesamoid bone of the abductor pollicis longus muscle, develop in a regular manner. the bones ... | 1999 | 10458023 |
| herpesviruses of carnivores. | this review focuses on felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), the most studied of the carnivore herpesviruses. canid herpesvirus (chv-1) and phocid (seal) herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) are also included where information is available. fhv-1 is a member of the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirinae, which appears to be closely related phylogenetically to both chv-1 and phhv-1. fhv-1 infects both domestic and some wild felidae, such as cheetahs, and is predominantly a respiratory pathogen of cats. as in ot ... | 1999 | 10515274 |
| similar signature of the prion protein in natural sheep scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy-linked diseases. | it has been suggested that specific molecular features could characterize the protease-resistant prion protein (prp res) detected in animal species as well as in humans infected by the infectious agent strain that causes bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse). studies of glycoform patterns in such diseases in french cattle and cheetahs, as well as in mice infected by isolates from both species, revealed this characteristic molecular signature. similar studies of 42 french isolates of natural scr ... | 1999 | 10523578 |
| diseases of captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in south africa: a 20-year retrospective survey. | as part of an ongoing study to determine the basis for high prevalences of veno-occlusive disease, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic lymphoplasmacytic gastritis in cheetahs, a retrospective pathology survey of captive cheetahs in the republic of south africa (rsa) was conducted. the rsa population was selected because its genetic composition and captive management were similar to those of the cheetah population in u.s. zoos, in which these diseases are common. for this study, archived pathology ma ... | 1999 | 10572855 |
| mycobacterium bovis as a zoonosis in the kruger national park, south africa. | the kruger national park (knp), mpumalanga province, south africa. | 1999 | 10599016 |
| genetic characterization of feline parvovirus sequences from various carnivores. | infections with viruses of the feline parvovirus subgroup such as feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv-2) [together with its new antigenic types (cpv-2a, cpv-2b)] have been reported from several wild carnivore species. to examine the susceptibility of different species to the various parvoviruses and their antigenic types, samples from wild carnivores with acute parvovirus infections were collected. viral dna was amplified, and subsequently anal ... | 2000 | 10644832 |
| prevalence of helicobacteriosis and gastritis in semicaptive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | endoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric stomach regions of 28 semicaptive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to look for signs of helicobacteriosis and gastritis. impression smear cytology and urease tests were positive in 23 and 26 of the cheetahs, respectively. histopathology showed mild or no lesions in 27 cheetahs; only one cheetah had moderate gastritis. gastritis was uncommon in these semicaptive cheetahs, and stress could play a major role in the developme ... | 1999 | 10749433 |
| genomic ancestry of the american puma (puma concolor). | puma concolor, a large american cat species, occupies the most extensive range of any new world terrestrial mammal, spanning 110 degrees of latitude from the canadian yukon to the straits of magellan. until the recent holocene, pumas coexisted with a diverse array of carnivores including the american lion (panthera atrox), the north american cheetah (miracynonyx trumani), and the saber toothed tiger (smilodon fatalis). genomic dna specimens from 315 pumas of specified geographic origin (261 cont ... | 2000 | 10833043 |
| feline herpesvirus infection in a group of semi-captive cheetahs. | clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in south africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. the first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came from australia and the usa in 1970. subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to cap ... | 1999 | 10852685 |
| cryptococcosis in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus): two cases. | cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like organism associated with pulmonary, meningoencephalitic, or systemic disease. this case report documents 2 cases of cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). in both cases the predominant post mortal lesions were pulmonary cryptococcomas and extensive meningoencephalomyelitis. both cheetahs tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus. the organism isolated in case 2 was cl ... | 1999 | 10855821 |
| a generalized fecal glucocorticoid assay for use in a diverse array of nondomestic mammalian and avian species. | noninvasive fecal glucocorticoid analysis has tremendous potential as a means of assessing stress associated with environmental disturbance in wildlife. however, interspecific variation in excreted glucocorticoid metabolites requires careful selection of the antibody used in their quantification. we compared four antibodies for detecting the major fecal cortisol metabolites in yellow baboons following (3)h cortisol administration, acth challenge, and hplc separation of fecal glucocorticoid metab ... | 2000 | 11121291 |
| feline panleukopenia virus revisited: molecular characteristics and pathological lesions associated with three recent isolates. | the low incidence of clinical signs or pathological lesions compatible with feline panleukopenia in cats has created the perception among practitioners that the disease has disappeared since the emergence of canine parvovirus type 2 in the late 1970s. three parvoviruses that were recently isolated from a domestic cat and 2 cheetahs in cell culture or detected by means of the polymerase chain reaction were shown to be typical feline parvoviruses. phylogenetic comparison with other fpv isolates di ... | 2000 | 11205160 |
| gastric ollulanus tricuspis infection identified in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with chronic vomiting. | gastritis, vomition and weight loss are common in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). gastric spiral bacteria (helicobacter spp.) and the very small, viviparous nematode ollulanus tricuspis, a stomach worm of cats, are believed to be important causes. three sibling cheetahs at wellington zoo, new zealand, developed chronic vomiting, diarrhoea and debility. their parents were both south african-born. response to antibacterial treatment was poor. endoscopic examinations revealed chronic lymphopla ... | 2000 | 11212940 |
| letting the cat out of the bag. | the image of the cheetah sprinting gracefully across the african serengeti in pursuit of its prey is one that we're all familiar with. many people perceive the cheetah as an animal flawlessly adapted to its environment-the perfect predator. | 2001 | 11313538 |
| the 26-kilodalton, ahpc homologue, of helicobacter pylori is also produced by other helicobacter species. | the 26 kda protein, which is an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpc) homologue, has earlier been described as specific for helicobacter pylori. the aims of this study were to analyse whether this protein, or the corresponding gene, could be identified in other helicobacter species. | 2001 | 11328365 |
| atlanta jury awards $360,000 in firing of bartender with hiv. | a federal jury in atlanta, ga awarded $360,000 in damages to hiv-positive bartender salvatore de falco, who was fired from the cheetah iii club. a u.s. district judge ruled that the club's owner was liable as a matter of law for violating the americans with disabilities act (ada). the club owners argued unsuccessfully that they had no choice but to terminate de falco because of the negative impact his hiv status would have on business. | 1997 | 11364134 |
| sequence variation in the mitochondrial dna control region of wild african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | five hundred and twenty-five bp of mitochondrial control region were sequenced and analysed for 20 acinonyx jubatus and one felis catus. these sequences were compared with published sequences from another domestic cat, 20 ocelots (leopardus pardalus) and 11 margays (leopardus weidii). the intraspecific population divergence in cheetahs was found to be less than in the other cats. however variation was present and distinct groups of cheetahs were discernible. the 80 bp rs2 repetitive sequence mot ... | 2001 | 11488972 |