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inhibition of rat alveolar macrophage phagocytic function by a pseudomonas cepacia lipase.the effects of purified pseudomonas cepacia lipase on rat pulmonary alveolar function and morphology were examined. lipase (2.5-20 micrograms/ml) adversely effected the phagocytic function of rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. the lipase itself was not directly cytotoxic to these cells. alveolar macrophages, in the absence of lipase, phagocytosed c. 35% of a given population of opsonised p. cepacia in 30 min when the ratio of bacteria:phagocyte was 10:1. phagocytosis ...19921279176
a case of human melioidosis originating in south-west western australia.to report the first human case of autochthonous melioidosis in temperate australia (latitude 31 degrees 10's) and to describe the extent of the presence of the causative agent, pseudomonas pseudomallei, in southwest western australia.19921279367
an outbreak of melioidosis in imported primates in britain.an outbreak of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei, was identified in a batch of feral cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) imported to britain from the philippines. thirteen confirmed or possible cases occurred among a batch of 50 animals. subsequent investigations revealed that the infection was uncommon among imported primates from a variety of sources, although three other cases were identified in monkeys imported from indonesia. the majority of the affe ...19921279882
structure of the polysaccharide chains of pseudomonas pseudomallei lipopolysaccharides.the pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas pseudomallei strain 57576 produces two partially o-acetylated o-antigenic polysaccharides (ps-i and ps-ii). methylation analysis and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including noe experiments, showed ps-i to have the structure [formula: see text] and ps-ii to have the structure [formula: see text] where 6dmanhep is the unusual higher sugar 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose. ps-ii is produced also by p. pseudomallei strains 100 and 110, and ps-i and o-deacetylated ps-ii by ...19921280183
melioidosis: when in doubt leave the quinolone alone! 19921280318
[mobilization using incompatibility group p1 plasmids in strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei as potential vectors for dna cloning].the cells of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei have been shown to serve as recipients for the plasmid rsf1010 and its recombinant derivatives pva1 and pva4. the conjugative plasmids rp1 and pth10 of the incompatibility group p1 are able to mobilize the nontransmissive vector plasmids for conjugation transfer into pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei strains. the smr determinant of the plasmid rsf1010 is expressed in the latter strains. these data makes the mentioned vect ...19921280770
phthalate dioxygenase reductase: a modular structure for electron transfer from pyridine nucleotides to [2fe-2s].phthalate dioxygenase reductase (pdr) is a prototypical iron-sulfur flavoprotein (36 kilodaltons) that utilizes flavin mononucleotide (fmn) to mediate electron transfer from the two-electron donor, reduced nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (nadh), to the one-electron acceptor, [2fe-2s]. the crystal structure of oxidized pdr from pseudomonas cepacia has been analyzed at 2.0 angstrom resolution resolution; reduced pdr and pyridine nucleotide complexes have been analyzed at 2.7 angstrom resolution. n ...19921280857
production and purification of salicylate monooxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia atcc 29351.salicylate monooxygenase (ec: 1.14.13.1) has been produced and purified from pseudomonas cepacia atcc 29351 which has the ability to utilise salicylate as a sole carbon source. the bacterium was grown on a defined medium containing 2% (w/v) casamino acids and 0.15% (w/v) yeast extract at 25 degrees c; salicylate monooxygenase production was induced by the presence of up to 0.7% (w/v) sodium salicylate, to a level of approximately 2% of the soluble cell protein. the enzyme was purified over 50-fo ...19921281025
microbiology of lung infection in cystic fibrosis.bronchopulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients is associated with chronic progressive lung disease and episodes of acute exacerbation. infection is predominantly caused by bacteria, although infections with viruses, mycoplasma and fungi may play undervalued roles. bacteria commonly isolated from cf sputum include staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. colonisation of the airways by mucoid, alginate-producing variants of p. aeruginosa is recognised ...19921281036
the use of detergent-based aqueous two-phase systems for the isolation of extracellular proteins: purification of a lipase from pseudomonas cepacia.the partitioning of a variety of extracellular lipases, both pro- and eucaryotic, in detergent-based aqueous two-phase systems was examined. the results revealed that all procaryotic lipases showed a clear preference for the detergent-rich coacervate phase. in contrast, all eucaryotic lipases were significantly excluded from this phase, most probably caused by their glycosylation. the potential of such detergent-based systems for the isolation of extracellular lipases directly from cell-free cul ...19921282322
effect of polysaccharide interactions on antibiotic susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa.the relative viscosity of pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate was shown to increase markedly when combined with mucin, ca2+ ions and the exopolysaccharide from pseudomonas cepacia. the presence of such a heterodisperse polysaccharide solution significantly reduced the diffusion and hence antimicrobial activity of tobramycin and to a lesser extent ciprofloxacin against ps. aeruginosa by factors of 90 and 2.5-fold respectively over a 5 h incubation period. the clinical implications of these results ar ...19921283390
significant factors in the disinfection and sterilization of flexible endoscopes.many nosocomial infection outbreaks have been linked to improper disinfection of the flexible endoscopes used in hospitals and clinics. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of scope disinfection with glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in manual and mechanical protocols.19921283507
the effects of purified 25-kda lipase from a clinical isolate of pseudomonas cepacia in the lungs of rats.nanogram quantities of a 25-kda lipase purified from culture supernatants of pseudomonas cepacia 90ee, a sputum isolate from a cystic fibrosis (cf) patient, were placed in the lungs of healthy rats. the resulting pathological changes included large amounts of proteinaceous exudate, the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and red blood cells, and disorganization of alveolar structure. pseudomonas cepacia 90ee immobilized in agar beads was also placed in the lungs of rats in a model of ch ...19921283726
identification of oklahoma isolate as a strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei.based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics, cellular fatty acid and lipid composition, ubiquinone-8 as the major respiratory quinone, guanine-plus-cytosine content of dna, dna-dna homology value, and sequence alignment of 16s rrna nucleotides, oklahoma isolate was reidentified as a strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei.19921283773
proposal of burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus pseudomonas homology group ii to the new genus, with the type species burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981) comb. nov.based on the 16s rrna sequences, dna-dna homology values, cellular lipid and fatty acid composition, and phenotypic characteristics, a new genus burkholderia is proposed for the rna homology group ii of genus pseudomonas. seven species in this group were transferred to the new genus. thus seven new combinations, burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981), burkholderia mallei (zopf 1885), burkholderia pseudomallei (whitmore 1913), burkholderia caryophylli (burkholder 1942), burkholderia gla ...19921283774
pseudomonas pseudomallei and melioidosis in china.though melioidosis has been reported since 1912, it is still a new problem for most chinese physicians and medical scientists. because of the lack of understanding and clinical experiences in melioidosis, none had been reported until 1990 in the mainland of china. in view of china's open policy and health work the natural foci of pseudomonas pseudomallei in south china, ie. hainan, guangdong and guangxi provinces, should be given sufficient concern. efforts should be made in training physicians ...19921283844
[the effect of the acid exopolysaccharide produced by the causative agent of melioidosis on macrophage function].acid exopolysaccharide of the melioidosis agent, isolated from the slime of alysogenic strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei svbdo-141 inhibits the capture of sheep erythrocytes--55fe by mouse peritoneal macrophages. administration of the sheep erythrocytes--55fe, sensibilized by acid exopolysaccharide was proved not to have an antiphagocytic effect. inhibition of phagocytic macrophagal activity depends on the conditions of isolation of acid exopolysaccharide.19921284090
the prevalence of the indirect hemagglutination test for melioidosis in children in an endemic area.the indirect hemaglutination test for melioidosis was studied in 295 children who live in the northeastern part of thailand. sixty-seven children (22.7%) were healthy children who came to the well baby clinic. two hundred and twenty-eight children (77.3%) came to the hospital because of some illnesses other than melioidosis. eighty-three percent of the children had an iha titer of at least 1:10 or greater. twenty-two percent had an iha titer of 1:80 or greater. the prevalence of positive iha tit ...19921284319
cerebral abscesses due to pseudomonas pseudomallei.two cases of cerebral abscesses caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei are reported. the first case, a 51-year-old women had a sudden onset of progressive right hemiparesis and right facial palsy and died within 7 days. postmortem examination disclosed brain abscess in association with disseminated infection outside the central nervous system. the second case, a 9-year-old boy displayed cerebral abscesses as an isolated manifestation. recovery occurred after treatment with ceftazidime. review of the ...19921284675
use of endotoxin antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of p. pseudomallei infections (melioidosis).an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with endotoxin preparations of p. pseudomallei as antigen was developed for detection of igg antibodies specific to melioidosis. forty-seven sera of bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients, 55 non-melioidosis sera and 50 sera of healthy blood donors from non-endemic areas were subjected to this assay in comparison with indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). the data were treated by receiver operating characteristics analysis. the sensitivity, ...19921284831
serosurveillance for pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in thailand.a nation-wide survey was conducted to see the prevalence of serosensitivity to pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens by indirect hemagglutination (iha) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for igg and igm. serum samples were collected from blood donors in eight selected areas and bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients in ubon ratchathani province. the distribution patterns of antibody titers were compared among the survey areas with cut-off points set at 1:160 for iha, 1:4 for ifa-ig ...19921284879
serosurveillance for double infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei in tuberculous patients.the serosensitivity to pseudomonas pseudomallei antigen in pulmonary tuberculous patients was surveyed in ubon ratchathani province, a melioidosis-endemic and tuberculosis-prevalent area in thailand. indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for igm and igg were employed for the measurement of antibody levels, with cut-off points set at 1:160, 1:8, and 1:32, respectively. retrospective protocol survey of clinical data was also conducted. from these studies, ...19921284880
serial serum c-reactive protein levels as an aid to the management of melioidosis.of 46 patients with clinical melioidosis, 35 (22 culture-positive and 13 culture-negative) had relatively uneventful disease courses, with elevated serum c-reactive protein (crp) concentrations (greater than 5 mg/dl) that decreased with the commencement of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and continued to show an uninterrupted decrease (mean 29.4 days, range 12-52 days) to the normal range (less than 1 mg/dl), with resolution of their infections. in five culture-positive patients with complicated ...19921371652
degradation of 2-methylbenzoic acid by pseudomonas cepacia mb2.we report the isolation of pseudomonas cepacia mb2, believed to be the first microorganism to utilize 2-methylbenzoic acid as the sole carbon source. its growth range included all mono- and dimethylbenzoates (with the exception of 2,5- and 2,6-dimethylbenzoates) and 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoate (but not 4- or 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoate) but not chlorobenzoates lacking a methyl group. 2-chlorobenzoate, 3-chlorobenzoate, and 2,3-, 2,4-, and 3,4-dichlorobenzoates inhibited growth of mb2 on 2-methylbenz ...19921371658
controlled study of pseudomonas cepacia and pseudomonas maltophilia in cystic fibrosis.in a retrospective study, children with cystic fibrosis who were colonised with pseudomonas cepacia were compared with a control group who were colonised with pseudomonas maltophilia. out of 216 children with cystic fibrosis seen between 1983 and 1990, p cepacia was recovered from 13 (median age at colonisation 12.2 years) and p maltophilia from 23 (median age at first colonisation 6.1 years), and both organisms were recovered in five cases. with the exception of two patients with p cepacia in w ...19921371914
identification of the mucin-binding adhesin of pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.in previous experiments, we have shown that isolates of pseudomonas cepacia from sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), particularly those with severe lung infection, exhibited specific binding to purified respiratory or intestinal mucins (u. sajjan, m. corey, m. karmali, and j. forstner, j. clin. invest. 89:648-656, 1992). the present report describes the identification of the adhesin as a protein located on fimbriae of mucin-binding p. cepacia. from a total of 53 isolates available (from ...19921372295
[the determination of the location of the antigens of the causative agent of melioidosis at the ultrastructural level by using monoclonal antibodies].the indirect immunoperoxidase method with the use of monoclonal antibodies has been employed to determine the localization of antigens of melioidosis agents. the formed reaction products were then detected by the electron microscopic analysis. the most important in melioidosis pathogenesis antigens 6 and 8 (ag 6 and ag 8) were determined to localize on the cell wall and in the capsule-like mucous layer, respectively. monoclonal antibodies to ag 8 due to their marked cross-linking properties prom ...19921374832
prolonged elevation of interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and of leukocyte interleukin-8 mrna levels during septicemic and localized pseudomonas pseudomallei infection.patients suffering from serious bacterial infection present to the hospital after early inflammatory events, such as release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf), have been initiated. the role of other cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, in the pathophysiology of human sepsis is not well characterized, and there are only limited data on il-6. we studied serial concentrations of tnf, il-6 (involved in the acute-phase response), and il-8 in plasma and leu ...19921375198
pseudomonas cepacia--more than a harmless commensal? 19921375968
molecular biology of the 2-haloacid halidohydrolase iva from pseudomonas cepacia mba4.the structural gene (hdl iva) for the pseudomonas cepacia mba4 2-haloacid halidohydrolase iva (hdl iva) was isolated on a 1.6 kb fragment of ps. cepacia mba4 chromosomal dna. the recombinant halidohydrolase was expressed in escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida and the structural gene was subcloned on to the tac expression vector pbtac1. high-level expression from the tac promoter was seen to be temperature-dependent, a consequence of the nucleotide sequence adjacent to the fragment encoding t ...19921376111
rapid differentiation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from pseudomonas cepacia.the minitek disc system was utilized for the differentiation of pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, from ps. cepacia. the system was simple to use, inexpensive, and furnished rapid, clear-cut test results after 4 h. this procedure is suitable for differentiating soil bacteria presumptively identified as ps. pseudomallei, ps. cepacia or flavobacteria, and for the rapid confirmation of the presumptive identification of either ps. pseudomallei or ps. cepacia obtained by co ...19921376128
transposon tn5-259 mutagenesis of pseudomonas cepacia to isolate mutants deficient in antifungal activity.transposon tn5-259 was inserted into the chromosome of pseudomonas cepacia by mating with an escherichia coli strain harboring a self-mobilizable, temperature-sensitive plasmid, pme12. data from southern blots and auxotroph analyses indicated that a single copy of the transposon was inserted in several places into the chromosome of p. cepacia. among 1500 tn5-259 transconjugants, only one mutant was found to be defective in the production of an antifungal compound, pyrrolnitrin. in addition, this ...19921377094
pseudomonas cepacia suppression of sunflower wilt fungus and role of antifungal compounds in controlling the disease.in a field experiment, pseudomonas cepacia j82rif and j51rif increased sunflower emergence in the presence of the fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum. pyrrolnitrin, aminopyrrolnitrin, and monochloroaminopyrrolnitrin were isolated from j82 and identified by using thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and electron impact-mass, uv, and infrared spectroscopy. in growth chamber experiments, two antibiosis-negative mutants were not different from the parent strain in protectin ...19921377900
infections and pseudoinfections due to povidone-iodine solution contaminated with pseudomonas cepacia.in 1989 we investigated the first instance of pseudomonas cepacia infections due to intrinsic contamination of a povidone-iodine product. six patients in a texas pediatric facility had p. cepacia infection or pseudoinfection (three, peritonitis; one, pseudoperitonitis; and two, pseudobacteremia). epidemiological studies showed one risk factor for infection of peritoneal fluid with p. cepacia: performance of peritoneal dialysis in the dialysis unit with use of one lot of povidone-iodine later fou ...19921376156
endotoxin of pseudomonas pseudomallei detected by the body weight-decreasing reaction in mice and comparison of it with those of p. cepacia and p. aeruginosa.the heat-treated whole cells, culture supernatants, and extracted endotoxin preparations of pseudomonas pseudomallei were examined for endotoxin by the mouse body weight-decreasing (bwd) test. the experiments were conducted also with those of p. cepacia and p aeruginosa. endotoxin was detected in all the samples of p. pseudomallei. endotoxin of p. cepacia was detected in whole cells, but not in culture supernatant. the bwd activity of p. aeruginosa was 30 times as high as that of p. pseudomallei ...19921379309
temocillin and cystic fibrosis: outcome of intravenous administration in patients infected with pseudomonas cepacia.twelve courses of intravenous temocillin were given in combination with an intravenous aminoglycoside to five patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) for pulmonary exacerbations associated with pseudomonas cepacia. all patients were infected concurrently with pseudomonas aeruginosa in addition to p. cepacia. improvement occurred after six of seven courses given to three patients in which temocillin was used as first-line therapy and following three of five courses given to two patients after failure ...19921375595
transmission of pseudomonas cepacia among cystic fibrosis patients. 19921380626
keratitis in free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) on magnetic island, townsville.seventy free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) from magnetic island (queensland, australia) underwent an ocular examination, blood collection and serological examination for chlamydia psittaci antibodies, and an examination of their teeth and genitalia. in 12 koalas long-standing unilateral keratitis was noted and in another 10 animals long-standing bilateral keratitis was observed. all animals were seronegative for chlamydia psittaci and apart from some nasal discharge and a variety of as ...19921380994
utilization of 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid by pseudomonas cepacia mb2 through the meta fission pathway.pseudomonas cepacia mb2 grew on 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoate as a sole carbon source by metabolism through the meta fission pathway with the subsequent liberation of chloride. meta pyrocatechase activity in cell extracts was induced strongly by 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoate, but not by nongrowth analogs 4- or 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoate. although rapid turnover of metabolites precluded direct identification, a mutant strain mb2-g5 lacking meta pyrocatechase activity produced 4-chloro-3-methylcatechol whe ...19921381172
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 40-1992. a 43-year-old cambodian man with several years of recurrent bouts of fever and abdominal pain. 19921381809
extraction and characterization of lipopolysaccharide from pseudomonas pseudomallei.the best yield of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of pseudomonas pseudomallei gifu 12046 was obtained by extraction of defatted cells by phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether. the lps showed a smooth character on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained d-glucose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, and d-glucosamine as the main sugar components, and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid as an amide-linked fatty acid. the growth conditions did not affect the electrophoresis profile and chemical composition of lps. 2-k ...19921383080
fimbriation of pseudomonas cepacia.fimbriae (pili) on the surface of bacteria have been suggested to facilitate adherence to mucosal epithelial surfaces. three pseudomonas cepacia cystic fibrosis isolates were screened for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes (ha), a characteristic of some fimbrial types. one strain, designated pc103, was ha+, while another, pc109, was ha-. a fimbriated (f+) ha+ derivative of pc109 (pc2(13)) was selected by repeated erythrocyte adsorption. the two ha+ strains were shown by transmission elect ...19921373402
[the interaction of the causative agent of melioidosis with the host's alveolar macrophages].studies were carried out on guinea pigs and albino rats, intranasally infected with p. pseudomallei c-141. the cells of bronchovesicular exudate were obtained from animals 1, 4 and 24 hours after infection. electron microscopy was applied to study the process of interaction of the agent and alveolar macrophages. bacteria were shown to form a capsule which permitted avoiding phagocytosis, when entering the host respiratory system. microbes that failed to form a capsule were absorbed by macrophage ...19921383676
[transformation of pathogenic pseudomonas by plasmid dna].the possibility has been shown of the genetical transformation of pseudomonas mallei strains by the purified dna of the plasmids rsf1010, pes154, pbs222 and pbr325. the frequency of transformation varied from 1.2 x 10(1) to 2.0 x 10(2) depending on the plasmid dna and transformation technique used in the experiments. pseudomonas pseudomallei cells could not be transformed by the methods described in the paper.19921383699
isolation of a novel siderophore from pseudomonas cepacia.a novel iron-binding compound was identified in ethyl acetate extracts of the supernates from pseudomonas cepacia cultures. this compound, named azurechelin, was produced by 88% of p. cepacia strains isolated from the respiratory tract. production of azurechelin was regulated by the iron concentration in the culture medium. azurechelin enhanced the growth of p. cepacia in a medium containing transferrin 200 mg/l. azurechelin released iron from transferrin in an equilibrium dialysis assay, sugges ...19921372361
homogeneity of lipopolysaccharide antigens in pseudomonas pseudomallei.an antiserum raised against a single strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei reacted equally in a whole cell agglutination test, an indirect haemagglutination (iha) test and an elisa with a panel of 12 strains of the species which had been isolated from human beings and animals in various parts of the far east and australia between 1923 and 1990. absorption of the serum with either of two strains removed all reactivity of the serum with other strains. phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) f ...19921385539
pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia in children with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies. 19911717933
impact of cf summer camp.in two consecutive years, patients with cystic fibrosis were studied at the beginning and end of a nine-day summer camp program to assess the program's effects on weight gain and pulmonary function. the camp experience includes daily exercise and a high-protein and high-fat diet. there were a total of 58 children between 6 and 12 years of age (42 different patients) and 10 adult counselors from 19 to 30 years of age (eight different patients). on the first and eighth days patients were weighed, ...19921372198
pseudomonas pseudomallei resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics due to alterations in the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase.pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is generally susceptible to some of the newer extended-spectrum cephalosporins or to combinations of a beta-lactam and clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. resistance to these agents may, however, emerge during treatment. we report on alterations in the chromosomal beta-lactamase associated with the development of resistance. three resistance patterns resulted from three different mechanisms in the strains investigated. derepr ...19911718214
efficacy of copper and silver ions with iodine in the inactivation of pseudomonas cepacia.alternatives to chlorination of water have been sought for reasons which include trihalomethane formation, possible bacterial regrowth, the high concentrations of chlorine required in certain circumstances, and the taste, odour and bodily irritation in chlorine-treated water. electrolytically generated cu and ag ions at low levels, in addition to very low chlorine concentrations, have been suggested as an alternative to routine chlorination. we have examined the combination of cu and ag ions wit ...19921371772
case report: septicemic melioidosis following near drowning. 19911719647
[the properties of the extracellular alkaline phosphatase of the causative agent of melioidosis].after growing p. pseudomallei vpa on solid medium extracellular alkaline phosphatase with a molecular weight of 93,000 amu was isolated, and practically purified from the extract of this medium by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, subsequent gel chromatography and concentration on membrane filters. the optimum conditions for enzymatic reaction were found to be ph 9.0 and a temperature of 50 degrees c. the enzyme was resistant to freezing and to heating at a temperature of up 60 degrees c for ...19911719719
bacterial metabolism of 3-chloroacrylic acid.two bacterial strains were isolated with 3-chloroacrylic acid (caa) as sole source of carbon and energy. strain caa1, a pseudomonas cepacia sp., was capable of growth with only the cis-isomer of caa. strain caa2, a coryneform bacterium, utilized both isomers of caa as sole source of carbon and energy. strain caa1 contained cis-caa hydratase and strain caa2 contained two hydratases, one with cis-caa hydratase activity and one with trans-caa hydratase activity. the product of the hydratase activit ...19911720168
heat-stable and heat-labile components of nonspecific acid phosphatase detected in pseudomonas pseudomallei.in a whole cell assay system with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei showed a two-peak pattern in ph activity curve of acid phosphatase, suggesting the presence of two enzyme components different in ph optimum (4.2 and 5.2). the component of 5.2 ph optimum was detected in the outer membrane fraction and the activity was resistant to heating at 70 c for 30 min. the other component of 4.2 ph optimum was heat-labile. no substantial difference was observed in t ...19911720181
growth and survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei in acidic environments.a study was made on the growth and survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei in culture environments differing in nutrients, initial ph, and aeration, in comparison with pseudomonas cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the observations led us to a view that p. pseudomallei has the highest adaptability to acidic environments among the three species. unlike the other species, it grew in heart infusion broth of initial ph 4.5 under aeration and survived keeping a high level (10(9) per ml) of viable count ...19911720182
binding of pseudomonas cepacia to normal human intestinal mucin and respiratory mucin from patients with cystic fibrosis.although not as prevalent as pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia is another opportunistic pathogen which colonizes the lungs of at least some patients with cystic fibrosis. a subgroup of these patients exhibits the "cepacia syndrome", i.e., a rapid clinical deterioration and death within one year. to investigate potential early sites of bacterial attachment, we have measured the specific binding of p. cepacia isolates from cystic fibrosis (cf) sputa to both cf and non-cf mucins purified ...19921371125
sudden unexplained death syndrome--a new manifestation in melioidosis?the indirect haemagglutination (iha) test using sensitized turkey erythrocytes and the indirect immunofluorescence assay (igm-ifa) was confirmed to be sensitive in the detection of a recent or current pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in 19 culture-confirmed singapore melioidosis patients. all were found to have antibody titres from 4 to 32768 in the iha test and 10 to 320 in the igm-ifa test. when these tests were employed on sera from 16 immigrant thai construction workers who died of sudden ...19911721589
melioidosis in a patient from bangladesh.a 54 year old bangladeshi man presented with a history and chest x-ray appearances suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. following deterioration 4 weeks later, he required ventilation. although a blood culture isolate was subsequently found to be pseudomonas pseudomallei, it was initially misidentified and dismissed as a contaminant. further cultures demonstrated the organism, but the patient died, despite treatment with ceftazidime. the case illustrates the importance of taking a detailed trave ...19911721711
longitudinal serum igg response to pseudomonas cepacia surface antigens in cystic fibrosis.in cystic fibrosis (cf), serum antibody against surface antigens of pseudomonas aeruginosa is detected only after colonization. since pulmonary acquisition of p. cepacia usually follows colonization with p. aeruginosa and since p. aeruginosa-colonized patients with cf have demonstrable antibody against outer membrane proteins of p. cepacia, it appears that acquisition of the latter organism occurs in the presence of specific serum antibody. to test this hypothesis, serum obtained from six p. aer ...19911722035
hepatic pathology of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood.we reviewed the hepatic pathology of seven cases of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. all patients were male, with an age range of 5 to 41 years. hepatic biopsy with drainage or wedge resection was performed in five cases to remove abscesses. autopsy was performed in three cases. presentation was typical of infection (fever, leukocytosis) with an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. histologically, the most consistent feature was the presence of foamy macrophages that contained a ...19921370879
pseudomonas cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis. 19921370564
molecular cloning and characterization of the fusaric acid-resistance gene from pseudomonas cepacia.fusaric acid-resistance genes (fus) were isolated from pseudomonas cepacia. the nucleotides of the 5437 base pairs containing the fus genes were sequenced.19911370369
gold blot for detection of immunoglobulin m (igm)- and igg-specific antibodies for rapid serodiagnosis of melioidosis.gold blot tests for rapid serodiagnosis of melioidosis were developed and evaluated with sera from 40 melioidosis patients and 159 normal controls. the sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 and 88%, respectively, for the immunoglobulin m (igm) test and 100 and 91%, respectively, for the protein a test for igg. combination of the igm gold blot and protein a gold blot yielded 97.5% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity. the tests were rapid and simple.19911723079
immunoblot analysis to demonstrate antigenic variability of clinical isolated. pseudomonas pseudomallei.pseudomonas pseudomallei (ps.ps.) is the causative organism of melioidosis, and is widely distributed in southeast asia and northern australia. clinical manifestations range from subclinical infection to fulminant septicemia. to demonstrate the antigenic variability of ps.ps., 62 clinical isolates from 31 blood, 13 sputum, 9 pus, 3 urine and 6 body fluid culture specimens were studied by sds-page and immunoblotting. in sds-page, there were approximately 20 antigenic components with molecular wei ...19911723272
environmental factors affecting the antagonism of pseudomonas cepacia against trichoderma viride.antagonistic activity of the bacterium pseudomonas cepacia against trichoderma viride was greatly influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. xylose and trehalose strongly enhanced the antifungal activity of p. cepacia, whereas mannitol and glucose had little effect. the carbon sources that enhanced the antagonistic activity also inhibited sporulation of t. viride. antagonism of p. cepacia was enhanced by ammonium nitrogen; however, with nitrite or nitrate there was only a little ant ...19911723350
development of resistance to ceftazidime and co-amoxiclav in pseudomonas pseudomallei. 19911723404
purification and some properties of 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, a two-component enzyme system from pseudomonas cepacia 2cbs.the two components of the inducible 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia 2cbs were purified to homogeneity. yellow component b is a monomer (mr, 37,500) with nadh-acceptor reductase activity. ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, and cytochrome c acted as electron acceptors. component b was identified as an iron-sulfur flavoprotein containing 0.8 mol of flavin adenine dinucleotide, 1.7 mol of iron, and 1.7 mol of acid-labile sulfide per mol of enzyme. the isoelectric po ...19921370284
[the parasitism characteristics of the causative agent of melioidosis in the host cells].the electron microscopic study of the damaged areas of the lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes of guinea pigs infected with two p. pseudomallei virulent strains c-141 and 100 has revealed that this organism is a facultative intracellular parasite and exhibits tropism to reticuloendothelial cells of the body, parasitizing both in "professional" phagocytes (mononuclear, phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and "nonprofessional" phagocytes (capillary endotheliocytes, splenic and lymph-node re ...19911724859
[the role of the surface antigens of pseudomonas pseudomallei in the pathogenesis of melioidosis].as established with the use of electron-immunochemical techniques, glycoprotein antigen 6 is the outer membrane component of p. pseudomallei cell wall, while glycoprotein antigen 8 is localized on the cell surface as a capsule-like formation. antigen 6 plays no perceptible role in the realization of the pathogenic properties of the infective agent, but serves as a reliable sign in the differentiation of p. pseudomallei strains into serovars. subcultures, defective in the synthesis of antigen 8, ...19911724862
[problems of resistance of the causative agent of melioidosis to antibiotics].it was shown that the pathogen causing melioidosis was highly resistant to antibiotics including beta-lactams. antibiotic sensitive mutants of p. pseudomallei were isolated after mutagenesis induced by nitrosoguanidine. permeability for 3h-tetracycline and tetracycline sensitivity of the mutant cells was respectively 3 and 20 times as high as those of the initial parent strain. gas liquid chromatography revealed quantitative and qualitative changes in separate sugars of the lipopolysaccharide st ...19911725248
fatty acid profile and acid phosphatase activity of fresh isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei.eighty-one fresh isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei from melioidosis patients were subjected to the analysis for the fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) and ph-dependent pattern of nonspecific phosphatase activity. all the test strains were identical in the glc profile showing the three peaks of characteristic hydroxy acids (3-oh 14:0, 2-oh 16:0, 3-oh 16:0) and the two prominent peaks of cyclopropane acids (17:0 delta, 19:0 delta). they had also basically the same ph-depe ...19911725884
demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in antigenic glycoprotein fractions obtained from the culture filtrate of pseudomonas pseudomallei.pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative microorganism of melioidosis, was grown in mueller-hinton liquid medium, and glycoprotein fractions were separated from the culture filtrate by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration with sephadex g-75, and column chromatography with deae-cellulose. the fractions revealed acid phosphatase activity, and reacted to the sera from melioidosis patient in gel-diffusion precipitation assay.19911725885
substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas cepacia, with special reference to tyrosine phosphatase.the substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas cepacia was examined with different phosphate esters including hexose phosphates and phosphoaminoacids in a whole cell assay system. the enzymatic activity against each substrate was evaluated in terms of percent activity to that against para-nitrophenyl phosphate set as 100. a remarkable finding was that the phosphatase reaction was the highest with phosphotyrosine or phosphoserine as substrate showi ...19911725886
[the level of spontaneous phage production and sensitivity to melioidosis phages of museum cultures of pseudomonas pseudomallei].the phage-producing activity and sensitivity of museum cultures of a melioidosis agent to melioidosis phages have been studied. most cultures show spontaneous phage-production, though its level differs in strains. some of the melioidosis cultures demonstrate lack of phages. the fact that these strains have different sensitivity to chloroform lysate of cultures producing phages indicates their possible lysogenic state. electron microscopy has shown the presence of at least tow morphological types ...19911726444
synergistic effect of combinations of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and colistin against pseudomonas maltophilia and pseudomonas cepacia.eighteen strains of pseudomonas maltophilia and eight strains of p. cepacia were tested for susceptibility to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and colistin in different combinations. a synergistic effect was found against most of the strains.19744143759
low incidence of pulmonary pseudomonas cepacia infection in danish cystic fibrosis patients. 19921283959
antibacterial properties of investigational, new, and commonly used antibiotics against isolates of pseudomonas cepacia in michigan.microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with 73 isolates of pseudomonas cepacia collected from the sputum of patients throughout michigan with cystic fibrosis. susceptibility testing was done using new and investigational antibiotics (loracarbef, cefixime, cefpirome, desacetyl-cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, cefmetazole, cefepime, cefprozil, and fleroxacin) and commonly used antibiotics (ceftazidime, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and amikacin). ceftazidi ...19921283733
[frequency of clinical isolation of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods and their susceptibilities to antibacterial agents].a comparison was made for frequencies of isolation o glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods ((g)nf-gnr) from clinical specimens during a period from july, 1986 to june, 1987 (the first period) and that from january, 1994 to december, 1994 (the second period). also, minimum inhibitory concentrations of principal drugs were determined against these isolates. the obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. thirty four (34) species of (g)nf-gnr were found from 35,200 clinical specimens in th ...19957474336
a physical genome map of the burkholderia cepacia type strain.burkholderia cepacia (basonym pseudomonas cepacia), the type species of the new genus burkholderia, is of interest, not only because of its broad catabolic capacity and its ability to antagonize soil-borne plant pathogens, but also because of its causative role in infections in man, which are particularly evident in patients with cystic fibrosis. a physical map of the 8.1 mb genome of the b. cepacia type-strain atcc 25416 was constructed by applying two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophores ...19957476209
post-antibiotic effect of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin and tobramycin for pseudomonas cepacia.the post-antibiotic effects (pae) of ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin and tobramycin were studied for ten strains of pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. antibiotic concentrations used for exposure were either the mic of each agent for the sensitive isolates or the recommended sensitivity breakpoint concentrations for the resistant isolates. after 2 h of exposure, cultures were rapidly diluted 1000-fold to eliminate the antibiotic. out of the ten iso ...19921283606
purification and characterization of a novel thermostable lipase from pseudomonas cepacia.a thermostable lipase from pseudomonas cepacia has been purified to homogeneity as judged by sds-page and isoelectric focusing. the purification included treatment of the culture supernatant with acrinol, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration. the enzyme was a monomeric protein with m(r) of 36,500 and pi of 5.1. the optimal ph at 50 degrees c and optimal temperature at ph 6.5 were 5.5-6.5 and 55-60 degrees c, respectively, when olive oil was used as the substrate. simple tri ...19921282513
substrate specificities of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases and lipases: bacterial lipases hydrolyze poly(omega-hydroxyalkanoates).the substrate specificities of extracellular lipases purified from bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas alcaligenes, pseudomonas fluorescens, and burkholderia cepacia (former pseudomonas cepacia) and of extracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) depolymerases purified from comamonas sp., pseudomonas lemoignei, and p. fluorescens gk13, as well as that of an esterase purified from p. fluorescens gk 13, to various polyesters and to lipase substrates were analyzed. all lipases and th ...19957487042
burkholderia cepacia and delta f508 homozygosity in cystic fibrosis. 19957492181
analysis of strains of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia isolated in a nosocomial outbreak by biochemical and genomic typing.we analyzed strains of burkholderia (formerly pseudomonas) cepacia isolated in a nosocomial outbreak by biochemical and genomic typing methods. one hundred isolates of b. cepacia were obtained from patients at several wards in a single hospital from march 1983 to february 1984. these isolates were classified into 12 groups by a new biochemical typing scheme on the basis of the production of six enzymes and the production of hemolytic substance and yellow pigment. among them, 33 strains collected ...19957494027
characterization of a lipopolysaccharide o antigen containing two different trisaccharide repeating units from burkholderia cepacia serotype e (o2).the o antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of burkholderia cepacia serotype e (o2) was shown by a combination of methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis, nmr, and mass spectrometric methods to be a high molecular weight polysaccharide composed of two different trisaccharide repeating units in the ratio 2:1. the major trisaccharide component is composed of two alpha-d-mannopyranosyl and one beta-d-galactopyranosyl residues with the structure, [-->2)-alpha-d-man p-(1-->2)-alpha-d-man p-(1-->4)-beta- ...19957497480
selection of a pseudomonas cepacia strain constitutive for the degradation of trichloroethylene.tn5 insertion mutants of pseudomonas cepacia g4 that were unable to degrade trichloroethylene (tce), toluene, or phenol or to transform m-trifluoromethyl phenol (tfmp) to 7,7,7-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-6-oxo-2,4-heptadienoic acid (tfha) were produced. spontaneous reversion to growth on phenol or toluene as the sole source of carbon was observed in one mutant strain, g4 5223, at a frequency of approximately 1 x 10(-4) per generation. one such revertant, g4 5223-pr1, metabolized tfmp to tfha and degrad ...19921282314
iron-regulated salicylate synthesis by pseudomonas spp.two iron-regulated compounds have been found in acidified ethyl acetate extracts from culture supernatants of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia type-strains. synthesis of both compounds paralleled iron-deficient growth, and was repressed in the presence of 100 microm-fecl3. yields of these substances varied among different strains and attained maximum levels during stationary phase. thin layer chromatographic analysis in five different solvent systems revealed that the slower-moving ...19937504066
isolation of pseudomonas cepacia in cystic fibrosis patient.pulmonary infection on cystic fibrosis (cf) patients are associated with a limited qualitative number of microorganisms. during the colonization process, staphylococcus aureus usually precedes pseudomonas aeruginosa. this latter is at first non-mucoid, being replaced or associated to a mucoid morphotype which is rare in other diseases. in 1980, pseudomonas cepacia appeared as an important agent in cf pulmonary infections with a mean frequency of about 6.1% isolations in different parts of the wo ...19937504157
mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in soil inoculated with pseudomonas cepacia dbo1(pro101), alcaligenes eutrophus aeo106(pro101) and alcaligenes eutrophus jmp134(pjp4): effects of inoculation level and substrate concentration.mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) by two alcaligenes eutrophus strains and one pseudomonas cepacia strain containing the 2,4-d degrading plasmids pjp4 or pro101 (= pjp4::tn1721) was tested in 50 g (wet wt) samples of non-sterile soil. mineralization was measured as 14c-co2 evolved during degradation of uniformly-ring-labelled 14c-2,4-d. when the strains were inoculated to a level of approximately 10(8) cfu/g soil, between 20 and 45% of the added 2,4-d (0.05 ppm, 10 ppm or ...19911282056
growth and survival of pseudomonas cepacia dbo1 (pro101) in soil amended with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) degrading pseudomonad, pseudomonas cepacia dbo1(pro101), was inoculated at approximately 10(7) cfu/g into sterile and non-sterile soil amended with 0, 5 or 500 ppm 2,4-d and the survival of the strain was studied for a period of 44 days. in general, the strain survived best in sterile soil. when the sterile soil was amended with 2,4-d, the strain survived at a significantly higher level than in non-amended sterile soil. in non-sterile soil either non-am ...19911282055
community-acquired bacteremic pseudomonas cepacia pneumonia in an immunocompetent host. 19921280168
nosocomial outbreak of pseudomonas cepacia respiratory infection in immunocompromised patients associated with contaminated nebulizer devices.from may 1990 to august 1991, 36 patients admitted to the department of internal medicine in a medical school hospital with hematological malignancies or solid tumors, developed respiratory tract colonization with pseudomonas cepacia. sixteen (44.4%) of these patients developed pneumonia, and four (11.1%) died of respiratory failure due to p. cepacia pneumonia. extensive survey of the hospital environment as well as equipment showed that nebulizer devices used by the patients for inhalation were ...19937505795
immunological studies of an artificial antigen with specificity of a common polysaccharide antigen of pseudomonas aeruginosa.synthetic d-rhamnan, with the structure of pseudomonas aeruginosa common polysaccharide antigen (cpa), was conjugated with bsa. the artificial antigen obtained, and the natural antigens, lipopolysaccharides (lps) of p. aeruginosa and pseudomonas cerasi with rhamnan chains of the same structure, were studied by elisa with rabbit antibodies to the d-rhamnan-bsa conjugate and to the p. cerasi o-antigen. immunological relations between the lps of p. aeruginosa and p. cerasi determined by cpa as well ...19937506094
construction and application of chromosomally integrated lac-lux gene markers to monitor the fate of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacterium in contaminated soils.a reporter gene system, containing luxab and laczy, was constructed and integrated, using tn7 transposition, into the chromosome of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading soil bacterium, pseudomonas cepacia (bri6001), to monitor its fate when introduced into soil microcosms. the genes were stably maintained in the modified strain of bri6001, bri6001l, for more than 300 generations in the absence of selection pressure, and had no apparent effects on biochemical or physiological proper ...19937506623
virulence and susceptibility to phagocytosis of pseudomonas pseudomallei r- and s-forms for ground squirrels (citellus citellus l.).virulence and susceptibility to phagocytosis of pseudomonas pseudomallei r- and s-forms for ground squirrels were studied. the alveolar macrophages and blood leucocytes (polymorphonuclear and mononuclear) was used. s-forms survived and multiplied intracellularly more actively in alveolar macrophages than r-forms and their virulence was considerably higher.19937506861
[epidemiological study on nosocomial infection of pseudomonas cepacia by plasmid analyses].in order to clarify the usefulness of plasmid analyses in epidemiological study, plasmid dna profiles, restriction fragment patterns of chromosomal dna analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and patterns of extracellular products were performed in twenty-four nosocomial strains of pseudomonas cepacia isolated at the kagawa medical school hospital. fifteen strains were obtained from 15 patients admitted in a ward, three strains were obtained from nebulizer devices used in a ward, 5 ...19937507505
burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis: be aware in temperate area. 19937507550
resonance raman studies of rieske-type proteins.resonance raman (rr) spectra are reported for the [2fe-2s] rieske protein from thermus thermophilus (trp) and phthalate dioxygenase from pseudomonas cepacia (pdo) as a function of ph and excitation wavelength. depolarization ratio measurements are presented for the rr spectra of spinach ferredoxin (sfd), trp, and pdo at 74 k. by comparison with previously published rr spectra of sfd, we suggest reasonable assignments for the spectra of trp and pdo. the spectra of pdo exhibit virtually no ph depe ...19921280165
salicylate-inducible antibiotic resistance in pseudomonas cepacia associated with absence of a pore-forming outer membrane protein.the most common mechanism of antibiotic resistance in multiply resistant pseudomonas cepacia is decreased porin-mediated outer membrane permeability. in some gram-negative organisms this form of antibiotic resistance can be induced by growth in the presence of weak acids, such as salicylates, which suppress porin synthesis. to determine the effects of salicylates on outer membrane permeability of p. cepacia, a susceptible laboratory strain, 249-2, was grown in 10 mm sodium salicylate. antibiotic ...19921280056
structure of the o9 antigen from burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia.the o9 antigen of burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia has the following disaccharide repeating-unit: -->4)-alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1--> the same unit is present in the o antigens of serratia marcescens strain s1254 and serogroup o4 (predominantly acetylated at o-2 of rhamnose in the latter case).19947511122
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