| purification and characterization of cyanide hydratase from the phytopathogenic fungus gloeocercospora sorghi. | previous studies have demonstrated that fungal pathogens of cyanogenic plants produce cyanide hydratase (cht, ec 4.2.1.66), which converts hcn to formamide. production of cht in these fungi is thought to be a means of circumventing cyanide toxicity, and cht is thus believed to be an important pathogenicity trait. in the present study, 13 species of fungi were assayed for cht production, and all 7 species that were pathogens of sorghum, a cyanogenic plant, produced this enzyme. cht was purified t ... | 1992 | 1416986 |
| the pyr1 gene of the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola: selection by intraspecific complementation and sequence analysis. | a spontaneous uridine-requiring auxotroph of colletotrichum graminicola was recovered by selection for resistance to 5-fluoro-orotic acid. the auxotroph lacked orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (oprtase) and was complemented with a clone from a cosmid library of c. graminicola dna. a 3.1 kb hindiii-sali fragment was subcloned from the cosmid and it could efficiently transform the auxotrophic strain to uridine prototrophy and integrate by site-specific recombination. this dna fragment contains a ... | 1992 | 1435732 |
| characterization of two divergent beta-tubulin genes from colletotrichum graminicola. | we have cloned and sequenced two beta-tubulin genes, tub1 and tub2, from the phytopathogenic fungus, colletotrichum graminicola. the nucleotide sequences of the coding regions of the two genes are only 72.8% homologous. this divergence is reflected in the deduced amino acid (aa) sequences which differ at 94 aa residues. comparison with the aa sequences of other fungal beta-tubulins indicates that the c. graminicola tub2 gene encodes a conserved isotype, whereas the c. graminicola tub1 product is ... | 1990 | 2323570 |
| isolation and characterization of a beta-tubulin-encoding gene from colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene. | colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene (c.g.a.) is a fungal pathogen of legumes and is used as a commercial mycoherbicide for rice and soybeans. as an initial study to potentially improve the utility of this fungus and develop a gene transfer system, a beta-tubulin (beta tub)-encoding gene (tub1) was isolated, cloned and sequenced. the coding sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the c.g.a. tub1 gene was highly homologous to the tub1 gene of colletotrichum graminicola. southern ... | 1993 | 8440473 |
| colletotrichum graminicola: a new corneal pathogen. | we report the first case of an ocular infection with the fungus colletotrichum graminicola causing keratitis in a 27-year-old man. | 1997 | 9143813 |
| size and complexity of the nuclear genome of colletotrichum graminicola. | dna reassociation was used to estimate gc content, size, and complexity of the nuclear genomes of colletotrichum from maize and sorghum. melting-temperature analysis indicated that the gc content of the maize pathotype dna was 51% and that the gc content of the sorghum pathotype was 52%. dna reassociation kinetics employing s1 nuclease digestion and an appropriately modified second-order equation indicated that the genome sizes of the maize and sorghum pathotypes were 4.8 x 10(7) bp, and 5.0 x 1 ... | 1997 | 9327564 |
| transformation-mediated developmental mutants of glomerella graminicola. | glomerella graminicola transformants were generated by insertional plasmid mutagenesis. five transformants with developmental mutant phenotypes that segregated in crosses as single-gene mutations were selected. in four transformants, the mutant phenotype cosegregated with the inserted plasmid dna. at least three of the mutants result from gene disruption, as demonstrated by recovery of the mutant phenotypes after transformation of wild type with "rescued" plasmid dna. whereas the wild type produ ... | 1998 | 9578632 |
| lipid mobilization and acid phosphatase activity in lytic compartments during conidium dormancy and appressorium formation of colletotrichum graminicola. | colletotrichum graminicola, a pathogen of sorghum and corn, was investigated prior and during germination as to certain aspects of acid phosphatase activity and lipid mobilization. ungerminated conidia cytoplasm was filled with lipid deposits, which were mobilized during the germination process. cytochemical ultrastructural examination showed that conidia vacuoles exhibit acid phosphatase activity, which is suggestive of lytic activity. lipid bodies, stored in the ungerminated conidia cytoplasm, ... | 1998 | 10206735 |
| optical measurements of invasive forces exerted by appressoria of a plant pathogenic fungus | many plant pathogenic fungi, such as the cereal pathogen colletotrichum graminicola, differentiate highly specialized infection structures called appressoria, which send a penetration peg into the underlying plant cell. appressoria have been shown to generate enormous turgor pressure, but direct evidence for mechanical infection of plants by fungi is lacking. a microscopic method was developed that uses elastic optical waveguides to visualize and measure forces locally exerted by single appresso ... | 1999 | 10489364 |
| restriction enzyme-mediated integration used to produce pathogenicity mutants of colletotrichum graminicola. | we have developed a restriction enzyme-mediated insertional mutagenesis (remi) system for the maize pathogen colletotrichum graminicola. in this report, we demonstrate the utility of a remi-based mutagenesis approach to identify novel pathogenicity genes. use of remi increased transformation efficiency by as much as 27-fold over transformations with linearized plasmid alone. ninety-nine transformants were examined by southern analysis, and 51% contained simple integrations consisting of one copy ... | 2000 | 11106028 |
| cpr1: a gene encoding a putative signal peptidase that functions in pathogenicity of colletotrichum graminicola to maize. | colletotrichum graminicola causes anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot of maize. we used restriction-enzyme mediated insertional (remi) mutagenesis to identify a gene in this fungus that is required for pathogenicity to both stalks and leaves. the predicted polypeptide encoded by this gene, which we have named cpr1, is similar to a family of proteins that comprise one subunit of the eukaryotic microsomal signal peptidase. the nonpathogenic cpr1 remi mutant contains a plasmid integration in the ... | 2002 | 11876424 |
| the sod2 gene, encoding a manganese-type superoxide dismutase, is up-regulated during conidiogenesis in the plant-pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola. | the sod2 gene, encoding a manganese-type superoxide dismutase (mnsod), was identified from colletotrichum graminicola among a collection of cdnas representing genes that are up-regulated during conidiogenesis. the sod2 gene consists of a 797-bp open reading frame that is interrupted by three introns and is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 208 amino acids. all conserved residues of the mnsod protein family, including four consensus metal binding domains, are present in the predicted sod2 prot ... | 2002 | 12081469 |
| population structure and mating-type genes of colletotrichum graminicola from agrostis palustris. | eighty-seven isolates of colletotrichum graminicola, mostly from agrostis palustris, were collected in grass fields, most of which were in ontario, canada. specific primers were designed to amplify the mating-type (mat) genes and, among 35 isolates tested, all yielded a band of the expected size for mat2. for six isolates, the mat2 pcr products were sequenced and found to be similar to that reported for mat2 of c. graminicola from maize. based on 119 polymorphic bands from 10 random amplified po ... | 2002 | 12109882 |
| structural and biological features of a hydrogel from seed coats of chorisia speciosa. | seed coats from chorisia speciosa form a hydrogel on contact with water. when the hydrogel was solubilized and the solution centrifuged, subsequent ethanol precipitation gave a polysaccharide (f-i) composed of rhamnose, galactose and uronic acid in a molar ratio of 25:44:31. analysis of f-i by hpsec-malls showed a homogenous polymer with high molecular weight. it consisted of a main chain of (1-->4)-linked beta-galactopyranosyl units as indicated by nmr spectral and methylation data analysis, wi ... | 2002 | 12169309 |
| vacuolar system of ungerminated colletotrichum graminicola conidia: convergence of autophagic and endocytic pathways. | vacuoles of ungerminated colletotrichum graminicola conidia engulf cytoplasmic structures by a process analogous to microautophagy, demonstrated by using a vacuolar membrane acid phosphatase marker. fusion of vesicles with vacuoles, without deposition of the acid phosphatase reaction product has been observed, suggesting other pathways of material delivery to vacuoles than microautophagy. plasma membrane invaginations, multivesicular bodies and retention of neutral red into small vesicles, which ... | 2003 | 12586404 |
| rapd based dna markers linked to anthracnose disease resistance in sorghum bicolor ( l.) moench. | anthracnose caused by colletotrichum graminicola is one of the major diseases of sorghum. the locus for disease resistance in sorghum [sorghum biocolor (l.) moench] accession g73 was found to segregate as a simple recessive trait in a cross to susceptible cultivar hc136. in order to identify molecular markers linked to the locus for disease resistance, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was coupled with bulk segregant analysis. dna from the parental cultivars and the bulks were, sc ... | 2002 | 12622185 |
| a class v chitin synthase gene, chsa is essential for conidial and hyphal wall strength in the fungus colletotrichum graminicola (glomerella graminicola). | the colletotrichum graminicola tagged mutant t30 has conidia that burst and hyphal tips that swell in media with low osmotic pressure. the disrupted gene in t30 was identified as a class v chitin synthase (csv) "chsa," which has an open reading frame of 1783 amino acids and two introns that are 52 and 54 bp. c. graminicola has one copy of chsa and no other highly homologous class v chss. reverse transcriptase pcr indicated that the t30 mutant does not express the chsa transcript fragment in the ... | 2003 | 12684017 |
| comparison of the physiology of three isolates of colletotrichum graminicola. | | 1962 | 14012017 |
| factors influencing formation of acervuli and conidia by colletotrichum graminicola. | | 1963 | 14045068 |
| factors influencing pathogenicity of three isolates of colletotrichum graminicola on wheat. | | 1963 | 14045070 |
| inhibition of plant-pathogenic fungi by the barley cystatin hv-cpi (gene icy) is not associated with its cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties. | the recombinant barley cystatin hv-cpi inhibited the growth of three phytopathogenic fungi (botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum graminicola, and plectosphaerella cucumerina) and the saprotrophic fungus trichoderma viride. several mutants of barley cystatin were generated by polymerase chain reaction approaches and both their antifungal and their cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties investigated. point mutants r38-->g, q63-->l, and q63-->p diminished their capacity for inhibiting papain and cat ... | 2003 | 14558689 |
| the infection process of colletotrichum graminicola and relative aggressiveness on four turfgrass species. | detached 3-week-old leaves of agrostis palustris, lolium perenne, poa annua, and poa pratensis were inoculated with conidial suspensions of two isolates of colletotrichum graminicola obtained from a. palustris. inoculated leaves were incubated at 23 degrees c under high relative humidity (>95%). the infection process was investigated by light microscopy from 2 to 168 h after inoculation (ai). spore germination was observed within 2 h ai, appressoria within 6 h ai, and penetration pores within 8 ... | 2003 | 14569284 |
| quantification of substratum contact required for initiation of colletotrichum graminicola appressoria. | colletotrichum graminicola, like many plant pathogenic fungi develop appressoria on germling apices, to facilitate penetration of their host. induction of these structures occurs after contact with the host surface has been established by the germling. surface contact and subsequent development of appressoria by germlings of c. graminicola was assessed using interference-reflection microscopy (irm) and microfabricated pillared silicon substrata. observations with irm revealed that under low nutr ... | 2004 | 14643254 |
| virulence and molecular diversity in colletotrichum graminicola from brazil. | genetic diversity among 37 isolates of the sorghum anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum graminicola, from four geographically distinct regions of brazil, was evaluated by rapd and rflp-pcr markers and virulence characters on a set of 10 differential sorghum genotypes. twenty-two races were identified and race 13b was the most frequent, but present in only two regions. rapd analysis revealed 143 polymorphic bands that grouped the isolates according to their geographic origin, but not by their viru ... | 2005 | 15883732 |
| dissecting defense-related and developmental transcriptional responses of maize during ustilago maydis infection and subsequent tumor formation. | infection of maize (zea mays) plants with the smut fungus ustilago maydis triggers the formation of tumors on aerial parts in which the fungal life cycle is completed. a differential display screen was performed to gain insight into transcriptional changes of the host response. some of the genes strongly up-regulated in tumors showed a pronounced developmental expression pattern with decreasing transcript levels from basal to apical shoot segments, suggesting that u. maydis has the capacity to e ... | 2005 | 15980197 |
| parameters affecting the efficiency of agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of colletotrichum graminicola. | we have developed an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol for the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola, the cause of anthracnose leaf blight and stalk rot of corn. the atmt results in higher transformation efficiencies than previously available polyethylene glycol-mediated protocols, and falcate spores can be used instead of protoplasts for transformation. various experimental parameters were tested for their effects on transformation efficiencies. the ... | 2005 | 16292539 |
| cotransformation and targeted gene inactivation in the maize anthracnose fungus, glomerella graminicola. | cotransformation of glomerella graminicola was achieved with the g. graminicola genes tub1r1 (encoding a beta-tubulin which confers resistance to the fungicide benomyl) and pyr1 (encoding orotate phosphoribosyl transferase, which confers pyrimidine prototrophy). the cotransformation frequency was about 30% when selection was for pyrimidine prototrophy (pyr) and 87% when selection was for benomyl-resistant (bml) transformants. southern blots confirmed that both transforming dnas had integrated in ... | 1994 | 16349425 |
| a class vb chitin synthase in colletotrichum graminicola is localized in the growing tips of multiple cell types, in nascent septa, and during septum conversion to an end wall after hyphal breakage. | previous complementation of a chitin synthase class vb null mutant (colletotrichum graminicola chsa) indicated that the encoded protein is responsible for approximately 30% of the conidial chitin, is essential for conidial wall strength in media with high water potential, and contributes to strength of hyphal tips. we complemented a chsa null mutant with chsa fused to the green-fluorescent protein (sgfp) gene driven by a heterologous constitutively expressed promoter. comparisons of the strain w ... | 2006 | 16520880 |
| phytoalexin synthesis by the sorghum mesocotyl in response to infection by pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. | infection of the sorghum mesocotyl by helminthosporium maydis (a nonpathogen) and colletotrichum graminicola (a pathogen) resulted in the rapid accumulation of a pigment complex by two sorghum cultivars. the components of the complex were fungitoxic. the principal compounds have been identified as the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins apigeninidin and luteolinidin. apigeninidin accumulated in both sorghum cultivars in response to infection and was the predominant pigment. luteolinidin accumulated in only on ... | 1987 | 16593867 |
| translational alterations in maize leaves responding to pathogen infection, paraquat treatment, or heat shock : polysome dissociation and accumulation of a 57 kilodalton protein. | translational alterations occur in maize (zea mays l.) leaves stressed by pathogen infection or herbicide paraquat treatment. these translational changes include: (a) dissociation of large polysomes to small polysomes, monosomes, and subunits; (b) a decreased rate of total protein synthesis; and (c) a reduced synthesis of several proteins by polysomes in vitro. the polysome dissociation was neither due to an extraction artifact nor to degradation of rna by rnase. the protein patterns of polysome ... | 1988 | 16666074 |
| rapd-based scar marker sca 12 linked to recessive gene conferring resistance to anthracnose in sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l.) moench]. | anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum graminicola, infects all aerial parts of sorghum, sorghum bicolor (l.) moench, plants and causes loss of as much as 70%. f(1) and f(2) plants inoculated with local isolates of c. graminicola indicated that resistance to anthracnose in sorghum accession g 73 segregated as a recessive trait in a cross with susceptible cultivar hc 136. to facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection in sorghum breeding programs, a pcr-based specific sequence characterized am ... | 2006 | 17063339 |
| the application of laser microdissection to in planta gene expression profiling of the maize anthracnose stalk rot fungus colletotrichum graminicola. | laser microdissection (lm) offers a potential means for deep sampling of a fungal plant-pathogen transcriptome during the infection process using whole-genome dna microarrays. the use of a fluorescent protein-expressing fungus can greatly facilitate the identification of fungal structures for lm sampling. however, fixation methods that preserve both tissue histology and protein fluorescence, and that also yield rna of suitable quality for microarray applications, have not been reported. we devel ... | 2006 | 17073306 |
| treatment of a clinically relevant plant-pathogenic fungus with an agricultural azole causes cross-resistance to medical azoles and potentiates caspofungin efficacy. | azoles are extensively applied in agriculture and medicine, and a relationship between the development of azole resistance in agriculture and the development of azole resistance in clinical practice may exist. the maize pathogen colletotrichum graminicola, causing cutaneous mycosis and keratitis, has been used to investigate the acquisition of resistance to an agricultural azole and the resulting cross-resistance to various medical antifungal agents. azole-adapted strains were less sensitive to ... | 2007 | 17620378 |
| disruption of a maize 9-lipoxygenase results in increased resistance to fungal pathogens and reduced levels of contamination with mycotoxin fumonisin. | plant oxylipins, produced via the lipoxygenase (lox) pathway, function as signals in defense and development. in fungi, oxylipins are potent regulators of mycotoxin biosynthesis and sporogenesis. previous studies showed that plant 9-lox-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides induce conidiation and mycotoxin production. here, we tested the hypothesis that oxylipins produced by the maize 9-lox pathway are required by pathogens to produce spores and mycotoxins and to successfully colonize the host. maiz ... | 2007 | 17722696 |
| the hemibiotrophic lifestyle of colletotrichum species. | colletotrichum species infect several economically important crop plants. to establish a compatible parasitic interaction, a specialized infection cell, the melanized appressorium, is differentiated on the cuticle of the host. after penetration, an infection vesicle and primary hyphae are formed. these structures do not kill the host cell and show some similarities with haustoria formed by powdery mildews and rust fungi. therefore, this stage of infection is called biotrophic. later in the infec ... | 2008 | 17765357 |
| penetration and colonization of unwounded maize tissues by the maize anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum graminicola and the related nonpathogen c. sublineolum. | the maize anthracnose stalk-rot fungus colletotrichum graminicola infects its host primarily through wounds in the stalks that are caused by insects. however it also can cause stalk-rot disease without wounding. it is not known how the pathogen enters stalks in the absence of wounds. studies have suggested that direct invasion through the highly lignified rind tissues is not a viable means of entry. a cytological approach was used to investigate the ability of c. graminicola to penetrate and col ... | 2007 | 17883028 |
| a proteinaceous elicitor sm1 from the beneficial fungus trichoderma virens is required for induced systemic resistance in maize. | we have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobin-like elicitor sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (gossypium hirsutum). in this study we tested whether colonization of roots by t. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (zea mays), and we further demonstrated the importance of sm1 during maize-fungal interactions using a functional genomics approa ... | 2007 | 17885089 |
| a chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus colletotrichum graminicola. | chitin synthesis contributes to cell wall biogenesis and is essential for invasion of solid substrata and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. in contrast to yeasts, filamentous fungi contain up to 10 chitin synthases (chs), which might reflect overlapping functions and indicate their complex lifestyle. previous studies have shown that a class vi chs of the maize anthracnose fungus colletotrichum graminicola is essential for cell wall synthesis of conidia and vegetative hyphae. here, we report on ... | 2007 | 17990963 |
| root infection and systemic colonization of maize by colletotrichum graminicola. | colletotrichum graminicola is a filamentous ascomycete that causes anthracnose disease of maize. while the fungus can cause devastating foliar leaf blight and stalk rot diseases, little is known about its ability to infect roots. previously published reports suggest that c. graminicola may infect maize roots and that root infections may contribute to the colonization of aboveground plant tissues, leading to disease. to determine whether c. graminicola can infect maize roots and whether root infe ... | 2008 | 18065625 |
| the role of a fada ortholog in the growth and development of colletotrichum graminicola in vitro and in planta. | a transposon-based split-marker protocol was used to produce insertional mutations in the fada ortholog of the maize anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum graminicola. the mutants grew more slowly in culture, produced fewer oval spores, produced fusiform rather than falcate phialospores, lost their normal clockwise spiral growth pattern in culture, and were significantly reduced in their pathogenicity to maize stalks and leaves. the differential effect of the fada mutation on oval spore versus phi ... | 2008 | 18448365 |
| the yeast signal sequence trap identifies secreted proteins of the hemibiotrophic corn pathogen colletotrichum graminicola. | the hemibiotroph colletotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of stem rot and leaf anthracnose on zea mays. following penetration of epidermal cells, the fungus enters a short biotrophic phase, followed by a destructive necrotrophic phase of pathogenesis. during both phases, secreted fungal proteins are supposed to determine progress and success of the infection. to identify genes encoding such proteins, we constructed a yeast signal sequence trap (ysst) cdna-library from rna extracted from my ... | 2008 | 18785828 |
| importance of seed-borne fungi of sorghum and pearl millet in burkina faso and their control using plant extracts. | seed-borne fungi of sorghum and pearl millet in burkina faso were surveyed. a total of 188 seed samples from various locations, collected in 1989 (42) and 2002 (146), were tested, using the blotter, dry inspection and washing methods. infection experiments were carried out with the major fungi recorded on each crop by the blotter test. six essential oils of plants were investigated for their inhibitory activity against eight pathogenic fungi. thirty four and 27 fungal species were found in seed ... | 2008 | 18817152 |
| ultrastructural characterization of infection and colonization of maize leaves by colletotrichum graminicola, and by a c. graminicola pathogenicity mutant. | abstract observations were made of the ultrastructure of infection and colonization of leaves of a susceptible maize inbred by colletotrichum graminicola and by a c. graminicola pathogenicity mutant. the mutant causes no symptoms on either maize leaves or stalks. prior evidence suggested that it is deficient in production of signal peptidase, responsible for cleavage of signal peptides from proteins destined for transport through the endoplasmic reticulum. there was no significant difference in ... | 2002 | 18943278 |
| colonization of fiber cells by colletotrichum graminicola in wounded maize stalks. | abstract colonization of wounded maize stalks by a wild-type strain of colletotrichum graminicola was compared with colonization by a c. graminicola mutant that is avirulent on maize leaves, and by a wild-type strain of c. sublineolum that is normally a pathogen of sorghum but not maize. local infection by all strains at the wound site resulted in formation of primary lesions consisting of disintegrated parenchyma cells beneath an intact rind and epidermis. however, subsequent rapid longitudinal ... | 2007 | 18943284 |
| interactions between trichoderma harzianum strain t22 and maize inbred line mo17 and effects of these interactions on diseases caused by pythium ultimum and colletotrichum graminicola. | abstract seed treatment with trichoderma harzianum strain t22, which results in colonization of plant roots but little or no colonization of shoots or leaves, had substantial effects on growth of and disease expression in maize inbred line mo17. shoots and roots of 10-day-old seedlings grown in a sandy loam field soil were larger (roots were nearly twice as long) in the presence of t22 than in its absence. both main and secondary roots were increased in size and area and the root hair area was g ... | 2004 | 18943537 |
| surface hydrophobicity and surface rigidity induce spore germination in colletotrichum graminicola. | abstract we investigated the relationship between physical characteristics of artificial surfaces, spore attachment, and spore germination in colletotrichum graminicola. surface hydrophobicity and surface rigidity were both signals for breaking dormancy and initiating spore germination, but spore attachment alone was not an important inducing signal. the presence of a carbon source overrode the necessity for a rigid, hydrophobic substrate for spore germination. spore attachment was typically str ... | 2001 | 18943944 |
| genetic structure and temporal dynamics of a colletotrichum graminicola population in a sorghum disease nursery. | abstract restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used to study the population genetics of colletotrichum graminicola (= c. sublineolum), the causal agent of sorghum anthracnose. screening of 80 anonymous probes from a genomic library detected polymorphisms in 81% of 299 probe-enzyme combinations among nine international isolates. seven single- or low-copy probes were used to study a collection of 411 isolates sampled during 1991 to 1993 from a sorghum disease nursery in georgia. n ... | 1998 | 18944821 |
| phylogenetic and population genetic divergence correspond with habitat for the pathogen colletotrichum cereale and allied taxa across diverse grass communities. | over the past decade, the emergence of anthracnose disease has newly challenged the health of turfgrasses on north american golf courses, resulting in considerable economic loss. the fungus responsible for the outbreaks, colletotrichum cereale, has also been identified from numerous natural grasses and cereal crops, although disease symptoms are generally absent. here we utilize phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to determine the role of ecosystem in the advancement of turfgrass anthra ... | 2009 | 19076279 |
| anthracnose disease of switchgrass caused by the novel fungal species colletotrichum navitas. | in recent years perennial grasses such as the native tallgrass prairie plant panicum virgatum (switchgrass) have taken on a new role in the north american landscape as a plant-based source of renewable energy. because switchgrass is a native plant, it has been suggested that disease problems will be minimal, but little research in this area has been conducted. recently, outbreaks of switchgrass anthracnose disease have been reported from the northeastern united states. incidences of switchgrass ... | 2009 | 19800001 |
| antifungal metabolites (monorden, monocillins i, ii, iii) from colletotrichum graminicola, a systemic vascular pathogen of maize. | colletotrichum graminicola is a systemic vascular pathogen that causes anthracnose stalk rot and leaf blight of maize. in the course of an effort to explore the potential presence and roles of c. graminicola metabolites in maize, ethyl acetate extracts of solid substrate fermentations of several c. graminicola isolates from michigan and illinois were found to be active against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides, both mycotoxin-producing seed-infecting fungal pathogens. chemical inve ... | 2009 | 19825415 |
| sfp-type 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase is indispensable for fungal pathogenicity. | in filamentous fungi, sfp-type 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (pptases) activate enzymes involved in primary (alpha-aminoadipate reductase [aar]) and secondary (polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases) metabolism. we cloned the pptase gene ppt1 of the maize anthracnose fungus colletotrichum graminicola and generated pptase-deficient mutants (deltappt1). deltappt1 strains were auxotrophic for lys, unable to synthesize siderophores, hypersensitive to reactive oxygen species, ... | 2009 | 19880801 |
| the hemibiotroph colletotrichum graminicola locally induces photosynthetically active green islands but globally accelerates senescence on aging maize leaves. | typically, pathogenesis of the hemibiotroph colletotrichum graminicola and defense responses of its host, zea mays, are studied on young leaves. equivalent studies have not been performed with leaves undergoing senescence, a situation that is relevant in the field. we discovered that, in contrast to anthracnose symptoms formed on young and mature leaves, green islands reminiscent of those known from obligate biotrophs were formed on senescing leaves. microscopy revealed that the fungus grew in b ... | 2010 | 20521951 |
| isolation of infection-specific sequence tags expressed during early stages of maize anthracnose disease development. | summary thirteen infection-specifically expressed sequence tags (ests) corresponding to genes activated during early stages of the interaction between the hemibiotrophic fungus and causal agent of anthracnose colletotrichum graminicola, and its host, zea mays, have been cloned. six fungal ests appear to have a function in reprogramming the protein pattern and/or fungal infection structure differentiation and three plant ests seem to be involved in pathogen recognition and mediation of defense re ... | 2002 | 20569327 |
| colletotrichum graminicola keratitis: first case report from india. | colletotrichum graminicola is a medically important fungus belonging to the order melanconiales under the class coelomycetes. the members of the genus colletotrichum are primarily plant pathogens which cause anthracnoses (fungal infection in plants). in the past few decades, they are progressively being implicated as etiological agents of subcutaneous hyalohyphomycoses and keratomycoses. of the five medically important members in the genus colletotrichum, keratitis due to colletotrichum graminic ... | 2010 | 20689197 |
| identification of virulence genes in the corn pathogen colletotrichum graminicola by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. | a previously developed agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) protocol for the plant pathogenic fungus colletotrichum graminicola led to high rates of tandem integration of the whole ti-plasmid, and was therefore considered to be unsuitable for the identification of pathogenicity and virulence genes by insertional mutagenesis in this pathogen. we used a modified atmt protocol with acetosyringone present only during the co-cultivation of c. graminicola and a. tumefaciens. analys ... | 2011 | 21118348 |
| zmpep1, an ortholog of arabidopsis elicitor peptide 1, regulates maize innate immunity and enhances disease resistance. | zmpep1 is a bioactive peptide encoded by a previously uncharacterized maize (zea mays) gene, zmpropep1. zmpropep1 was identified by sequence similarity as an ortholog of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) atpropep1 gene, which encodes the precursor protein of elicitor peptide 1 (atpep1). together with its receptors, atpepr1 and atpepr2, atpep1 functions to activate and amplify innate immune responses in arabidopsis and enhances resistance to both pythium irregulare and pseudomonas syringae. ... | 2011 | 21205619 |
| metabolic engineering of geranic acid in maize to achieve fungal resistance is compromised by novel glycosylation patterns. | many terpenoids are known to have antifungal properties and overexpression of these compounds in crops is a potential tool in disease control. in this study, 15 different mono- and sesquiterpenoids were tested in vitro against two major pathogenic fungi of maize (zea mays), colletotrichum graminicola and fusarium graminearum. among all tested terpenoids, geranic acid showed very strong inhibitory activity against both fungi (mic<46 µm). to evaluate the possibility of enhancing fungal resistance ... | 2011 | 21296182 |
| identity, regulation, and activity of inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins in maize. | phytoalexins constitute a broad category of pathogen- and insect-inducible biochemicals that locally protect plant tissues. because of their agronomic significance, maize and rice have been extensively investigated for their terpenoid-based defenses, which include insect-inducible monoterpene and sesquiterpene volatiles. rice also produces a complex array of pathogen-inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins. despite the demonstration of fungal-induced ent-kaur-15-ene production in maize over 30 y ago, ... | 2011 | 21402917 |
| hexose transporters of a hemibiotrophic plant pathogen: functional variations and regulatory differences at different stages of infection. | plant pathogenic fungi use a wide range of different strategies to gain access to the carbon sources of their host plants. the hemibiotrophic maize pathogen colletotrichum graminicola (teleomorph glomerella graminicola) colonizes its host plants, and, after a short biotrophic phase, switches to destructive, necrotrophic development. here we present the identification of five hexose transporter genes from c. graminicola, cghxt1 to cghxt5, the functional characterization of the encoded proteins, a ... | 2011 | 21502323 |
| functional characterization of a eukaryotic melibiose transporter. | abstract pathogenic fungi drastically affect plant health and cause significant losses in crop yield and quality. in spite of their impact, little is known about the carbon sources used by these fungi in planta and about the fungal transporters importing sugars from the plant-fungus interface. here, we report on the identification and characterization of melibiose transporter1 (mbt1) from the hemibiotrophic fungus colletotrichum graminicola (teleomorph glomerella graminicola), the causal agent o ... | 2011 | 21593216 |
| Cloning of novel cellulases from cellulolytic fungi: Heterologous expression of a family 5 glycoside hydrolase from Trametes versicolor in Pichia pastoris. | Total cDNA isolated from cellulolytic fungi cultured in cellulose was examined for the presence of sequences encoding for endoglucanases. Novel sequences encoding for glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were identified in Fusarium oxysporum, Ganoderma applanatum and Trametes versicolor. The cDNA encoding for partial sequences of GH family 61 cellulases from F. oxysporum and G. applanatum shares 58 and 68% identity with endoglucanases from Glomerella graminicola and Laccaria bicolor, respectively. A new G ... | 2011 | 22142722 |
| The Neurospora crassa mutant Nc?Egt-1 identifies an ergothioneine biosynthetic gene and demonstrates that ergothioneine enhances conidial survival and protects against peroxide toxicity during conidial germination. | Ergothioneine (EGT) is a histidine derivative with sulfur on the imidazole ring and a trimethylated amine; it is postulated to have an antioxidant function. Although EGT apparently is only produced by fungi and some prokaryotes, it is acquired by animals and plants from the environment, and is concentrated in animal tissues in cells with an EGT transporter. Monobromobimane derivatives of EGT allowed conclusive identification of EGT by LC/MS and the quantification of EGT in Colletotrichum gramini ... | 2011 | 22209968 |
| common motifs in the response of cereal primary metabolism to fungal pathogens are not based on similar transcriptional reprogramming. | during compatible interactions with their host plants, biotrophic plant-pathogens subvert host metabolism to ensure the sustained provision of nutrient assimilates by the colonized host cells. to investigate, whether common motifs can be revealed in the response of primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism toward colonization with biotrophic fungi in cereal leaves, we have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome study of three quite divergent pathosystems, the barley powdery mildew fungus ... | 2011 | 22645534 |