| elevated serum and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase in voles chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | | 1976 | 3424 |
| human sleeping sickness in the gboko endemic area of nigeria. | human infection with trypanosoma gambiense in the gboko endemic area was first reported in may, 1974 although t. gambiense sleeping sickness had been present there since the turn of the century. the disease is associated with the presence of the tsetse glossina tachinoides and glossina palpalis which is plentiful and widespread throughout the division as well as in thickets along the streams in the area. no successful attempt has been made to control the tsetse vector in the division. the incide ... | 1976 | 13637 |
| protective immune response in mice immunized with antigens from trypanosoma gambiense-infected mouse blood. | immunogenicity and property of antigens obtained from trypanosoma gambiense-infected mouse blood (imp) were examined. a strong vaccine effect against intravenous challenges with 3 x10(3) parasites given on study day 3, 5, or 14 (day 0 = immunization) was observed in mice immunized with a combination of imp (2 mg protein/mouse) and freund's complete adjuvant (fca). but when the challenge was given on day 21 or 30, per cent survival in mice dropped to the 20- and 40-per cent level, respectively. a ... | 1979 | 44619 |
| a pattern in the development of agglutinogenic antigens of cyclically transmitted isolates of trypanosoma gambiense. | three isolates of t. gambiense, belonging to 2 serologically different substrains of the species, were cyclically transmitted to rabbits and monkeys by g. morsitans or g. tachinoides. sera collected from the infected animals were tested for agglutinating antibodies to 17 different serotype antigens prepared from rodent-adapted isolates of t. gambiense. the first antibodies detected in sera from all of the animals agglutinated the same serotype antigen l2, indicating that it possibly consisted of ... | 1975 | 49958 |
| ["trypanosoma brucei gambiense", antigenic study. iii. hemagglutination reaction with specific antigenic fractions]. | the tannic acid hemagglutination method was applied to experimentally infected rodents sera. the antigens were trypanosoma gambiense fractions separated by gel filtration on sephadex g 200. two fractions, at least, showed specific activity. | 1975 | 57011 |
| free fatty acids and pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 66542 |
| free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, and pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 67408 |
| free fatty acids, lysophospholipases, and the pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 69178 |
| salicylhydroxamic-acid/glycerol in experimental trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 71581 |
| free fatty acids, complement activation, and polyclonal b-cell stimulation as factors in the immunopathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis. | human and animal forms of african trypanosomiasis are characterised by sustained hypocomplementaemia, gross hypergammaglobulinaemia m, and profound immunosuppression. it is suggested that this hypocomplementaemia is probably due to the action of a trypanosome-derived complement-activating factor and that the elevated igm levels may be the combined result of this decomplementation, together with a subsequent failure of the normal igm-to-igg antibody switch mechanism and polyclonal b-lymphocyte ac ... | 1977 | 72292 |
| lysophospholipases, lipid metabolism, and the pathogenesis of african trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 73109 |
| antigenic variation in african trypanosomiasis: a memorandum. | after reviewing the present knowledge on antigenic variation of the trypanosomes of the trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei species, this memorandum discusses the relevance of this phenomenon to the possible development of new tools for trypanosomiasis control.as antigenic variation is related to protective immunity and immunopathology, it is of crucial importance for the feasibility of vaccine development and for treatment principles. it is also of interest as a model for understanding antigenic v ... | 1977 | 74295 |
| in situ microspectrofluorometry of nuclear and kinetoplast dna in trypanosoma gambiense. | using a spectrofluorometer with the zeiss universal micro-spectrophotometer 1 (umsp 1), both nuclear and kinetoplast dna (n-dna and k-dna) in the trypomastigote form of trypanosoma gambiense (strain wellcome) were measured in situ without being extracted. as the fluorescent dye, ethidium bromide was preferably employed because there was a very marked increase in the ethidium fluorescence when the dye was intercalated between the base paires of the dna helix. according to this method, it became p ... | 1979 | 92116 |
| heterophile antibody to red cells in human trypanosomiasis. | the heterophile red cell antibodies formed in human trypanosomiasis have been investigated. it has been shown that infection with trypanosoma rhodesiense induces agglutinins reactive with sheep and rabbit red cells, whilst trypanosoma gambiense induces agglutinins which react only with rabbit red cells. both types of antibody can be distinguished from similar antibodies produced by infectious mononucleosis and forssman antigen, and the detection and characterization of the antibodies therefore p ... | 1978 | 102137 |
| electron microscopic observations on structures appearing in trypanosoma gambiense after treatment with neocarzinostatin. | | 1976 | 140680 |
| [value of cricetomys gambianus in the study of experimental trypanosomiasis from trypanosoma gambiense. methods for mass preparation of antigen and purification of serum exoantigen]. | methods for mass preparation of crude antigen and exoantigen of trypanosoma gambiense from experimentally infected cricetomys gambianus are described. the size of this animal and the hyperparasitism obtained make it a remarkable source of trypanosomian antigens. | 1978 | 150933 |
| effect of neocarzinostatin on the nucleus, kinetoplast and microtubules of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma evansi. | the antibiotic neocarzinostatin (ncs) induces the anucleate form, not the dyskinetoplastic form, of trypanosoma gambiense and trypanosoma evansi. light and electron microscopic studies indicated that production of the anucleate form is due to delay or inhibition of nuclear division. excess pellicular microtubules are formed after treatment of trypanosomes with ncs, suggesting that in trypanosomes the microtubules replicate by induction, not by division. ncs also causes deformation of the axonema ... | 1978 | 157735 |
| further studies on the metabolism of tryptophan in trypanosoma brucei gambiense: cofactors, inhibitors, and end-products. | | 1975 | 163748 |
| nucleoside-dependent protein kinase from trypanosoma gambiense. | a nucleoside-dependent protein kinase (ec 2.7.1.37) was partially purified from trypanosoma gambiense, the pathogenic agent of sleeping sickness. this enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone and protamine. various nucleosides at the concentration of 10(-4) m stimulated the histone kinase activity about two-fold, whereas cyclic amp and cyclic gmp were without effect. the ph-optimum for histone phosphorylation was at about ph 7.0. the enzyme activity absolutely depends on mg2+, mn2+ or co2 ... | 1976 | 177063 |
| multiple protein kinases from trypanosoma gambiense. | three protein kinases were distinguished in trypanosoma gambiense extract. the enzymes preferred phosvitin, histone, and protamine as acceptor proteins, respectively. the amino acid residues of the acceptor proteins which were phosphorylated by these protein-kinase activities were serine and- to less extent- threonine. the protein kinase activities were neither affected by cyclic nucleotides nor by cyclic amp receptors. the molecular weights of these protein kinases were determined to be greater ... | 1978 | 208947 |
| adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate-binding proteins from trypanosoma gambiense. | two cyclic amp-binding proteins, not identical with regulatory subunits of protein kinases, have been isolated from trypanosoma gambiense. the cyclic amp receptors were separated by gel chromatography on the basis of their molecular weights. the binding constants of the high and the low molecular weight receptors for cyclic amp were determined to be 0.4 mum and 0.6 mum, respectively. cyclic imp and cyclic gmp compete with cyclic amp for the binding sites of both receptors. the cyclic amp binding ... | 1978 | 208948 |
| the natural occurrence of trypanozoon in domestic chicken in the ivory coast. | from a natural infected chicken (gallus gallus var. domesticus) in the ivory coast trypanosomes were isolated using mastomys natalensis as recipient animal. trypanosomes were diagnosed as belonging to the subgenus trypanozoon from its morphology and its infectivity for rodents. the stabilated stock was able to infect a laboratory chicken. the stock proved to be human plasma subresistant and showed electrophoretic patterns of three enzymes (alat iii, me i, pep iii) so far only seen in pig and dog ... | 1979 | 225849 |
| a purine nucleoside hydrolase from trypanosoma gambiense, purification and properties. | a purine nucleoside hydrolase from trypanosoma gambiense was purified 160-fold. preferred substrates of the reaction were adenosine, inosine and guanosine with a maximum of activity at ph 5.4. competitive inhibitors of the adenosine hydrolysis were dimethylallyl adenosine, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside, tubercidin, formycin b, 6-mercaptopurine riboside and deoxyadenosine. a metabolic scheme of adenosine nomophosphate salvage synthesis is discussed. | 1975 | 238316 |
| mitogenic activity of an extract of trypanosoma gambiense. | an extract obtained by repeated freeze/thawing of a freshly isolated strain of trypanosoma gambiense caused stimulation of lymphocytes obtained from healthy adult donors and from cord blood. the active factor had some stimulatory effect on purified b and t lymphocytes and in two of five subjects increased igm production by lymphocytes cultured in vitro. a trypanosome-derived mitogenic factor may play some part in the pathogenesis of the hypergammaglobulinaemia characteristic of african trypanoso ... | 1978 | 309195 |
| inhibition of protein kinase activity from trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma gambiense by 3'-deoxyadenosine. | 3'-deoxydadenosine was found to be a potent inhibitor of nucleoside-stimulated protein kinase activity from culture forms of trypanosoma cruzi and bloodstream forms of trypanosoma gambiense. the type of inhibition by 3'-deoxyadenosine was competitive with respect to atp. the inhibition constants for 3'-deoxyadenosine were determined to be 0.11mm and 0.085mm for the enzyme from t. cruzi and t. gambiense, respectively. the apparent km value for atp was 0.2mm for both enzymes. 2'-deoxyadenosine was ... | 1977 | 320116 |
| alteration of free serum amino acids in voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | free serum amino acid pools of field voles, microtus montanus, were determined over a 24 hr period, and compared to values obtained from voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. the majority of amino acids in the control animals demonstrated a diurnal variation, peaking predominantly during the dark portion of the photoperiod. this trend was not evident in the infected animals. in addition, infected voles possessed an apparent state of hypoaminoacidemia, with levels of threonine, serine ... | 1977 | 321737 |
| [indirect immunofluorescence study of 200 cases of tryponosomiasis due to trypanosoma gambiense]. | the sera and csf collected on 200 patients suffering from sleeping sickness were collected before treatment and tested with fluorescent antibody test. the proportion of strongly positive sera is very important in the first period and decreases progressively with the alteration of csf. this shows the reliability of the fat technique as a screening method because it is in the first period that it is difficult to diagnose the disease. 14% of csf collected during the 1st period are positive with fat ... | 1977 | 338173 |
| free amino acids in brain, liver, and skeletal muscle tissue of voles infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | the concentrations of several acidic and neutral amino acids of brain, liver, and skeletal muscle were determined in field voles, microtus montanus, and compared to values obtained from voles harboring a chronic infection of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. all of the amino acids examined were found at comparable levels in brain tissue from both groups of animals with the exception of tyrosine, which was reduced by approximately 45% in the infected voles. similarly, the only difference noted in liv ... | 1977 | 338875 |
| immunoprophylaxis against african trypanosomiasis. | | 1977 | 339684 |
| the liverpool school of tropical medicine expedition to senegambia, 1902, as revealed in the letters of dr. j. l. todd. | | 1977 | 339854 |
| comparisons of variable antigenic types produced by trypanosome strains of the subgenus trypanozoon. | | 1977 | 345981 |
| [comparative value of immunofluorescence and immunoenzymology on figured antigen in the immunological diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis]. | indirect immunoperoxydase method is compared with indirect immunofluorescence using immunized animal and human sera, and negative control sera. the obtained results show a good statisticly established concord and allow to propose the indirect immunoperoxydase method being used in the biological diagnostic of african trypanosomiasis because its easy carrying out and its examin with an ordinary microscope. | 1977 | 352560 |
| comparison of three techniques for the detection of antibodies to double-stranded dna: immunofluorescence on trypanosoma gambiense, immunofluorescence on crithidia luciliae and radioimmunoassay using the farr technique. | three techniques for the detection of antibodies against double-stranded dna were compared: two immunofluorescent (if) techniques using either trypanosoma gambiense or crithidia luciliae as antigen and a radioimmunoassay (ria) based on the farr technique. the if on t. gambiense or c. luciliae gives very similar results but the reaction on c. luciliae is easier to read and to interpret. the use of c. luciliae permits the swift elimination of the two main causes of errors: antibodies against the n ... | 1978 | 358907 |
| use of freeze-dried trypanosomes in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for the serodiagnosis of sleeping sickness. | | 1978 | 361001 |
| competition among serologically different clones of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in vivo. | when different antigenic variant clones are injected in equal numbers into white mice one variant clone always replaces the other. this phenomenon appears to be a predictable one, even under conditions analogous to a chronic infection. it is hypothesized that a constant ratio is approached between the number of cells of different antigenic serotypes present in a single population, in such a manner that there is always a major antigenic variant and minor populations of different antigenic variant ... | 1978 | 368326 |
| biologically active products from african trypanosomes. | | 1978 | 368556 |
| [reliability of the indirect immunofluorescence test in the diagnosis of african human trypanosomiasis (author's transl)]. | the reliability of an immunodiagnosis depends on its efficiency, i.e. the possibility of sorting out infected people from uninfected thanks to a good sensibility and a good specificity, and to its reproductibility. the authors have studied the reliability of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) for trypanosomiasis diagnosis on 90 sera (30 sera from patients with proven trypanosomiasis and 60 sera from patients free of trypanosome infection). reproductibility is considered as good ... | 1978 | 370497 |
| [comparative study of immunoenzyme technics, elisa and on formed antigens, in the immunologic diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis]. | the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serodiagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis is described, comparatively with the immunoperoxidase technique using blood streamforms of trypanosoma brucei as antigen. practical aspects for measuring the amount of antibody in serum samples from infected rabbits and from patients with african sleeping sickness are discussed. elisa does offer important advantages over the other method used namely: -- quantitative estimates are possible, -- it ... | 1978 | 385160 |
| [immunoenzymatic diagnosis (elisa) of human african trypanosomiasis. (a comparative study of several antigens) (author's transl)]. | a comparative study, by elisa, of purified exoantigen and of five crude antigenic extracts from several strains of t.b. gambiense and t.b. brucei has shown a wide range of results. the best sensitivity is obtained with virulent strains from human origin. for more accuracy, an association of such antigens would be preferable. | 1979 | 393937 |
| [isolation of t. gambiense strains in zaire and their adaptation to laboratory animals]. | | 1977 | 416758 |
| [some new cases of congenital human african trypanosomiasis (t. gambiense) (author's transl)]. | the authors report three cases of congenital transmission of t. gambiense. in two cases, the parasite has been found in the blood of the umbilical cord. in the third case, it has been found twenty hours after birth in the peripherical blood of a new born child whose mother was affected by trypanosomiasis. they report also two cases of pregnant mothers with sleeping sickness, whose children were born-unaffected by the disease. the authors believe that the placental transmission of the human afric ... | 1979 | 459787 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: membrane transport of amino acids. | | 1979 | 477819 |
| [trypanosomiasis presenting with trypanids and complicated by myopericarditis (author's transl)]. | in a 26-year-old man who had spent time in a trypanosome endemic zone, lesions of erythema marginatum progressing by acute exacerbations for 2 years despite various forms of treatment led to the discovery of a multiple lymphadenopathy and a greatly accelerated sedimentation rate. these findings suggested a diagnosis which was confirmed by the discovery of trypanosoma gambiense in the blood and lymph node aspirate. in addition, there was an albumino-lymphocytic reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid ... | 1979 | 492976 |
| [clinical and biological symptoms of t. gambiense tryponosomiasis in the meningo-encephalitic period (author's transl)]. | main clinical symptoms are reviewed in the first part of the article. they consist in mental alertness disorder, motorial confusion and quite constantly in reflexes and abnormal movements due to brain stem lesion. the author reports on 22 cases. no correlation appears between prognosis and epileptiform seizures. bertran's prognostical score has given contradictory indications. neujan's criteria have not been very reliable to select treatment schedule. no correlation has been observed between bio ... | 1979 | 530039 |
| studies on the effects of vinblastine and colchicine on trypanosoma gambiense. | vinblastine and colchicine induce the anucleate form of trypanosoma gambiense. light microscopic studies indicated that the anucleate form was not always produced as a result of inhibition of nuclear duplication, but was formed as a result of delay or inhibition of separation of the two nuclei after completion of nuclear division. studies showed that vinblastine and colchicine caused disorder in arrangement of axonemal microtubules of the extracellular flagella and increased formation of both pr ... | 1979 | 552245 |
| mitogenic activity of an extract of trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1979 | 555079 |
| antigenic variation in the salivarian trypanosomes. | | 1977 | 596299 |
| igm and antibody measurement in the diagnosis and management of gambian trypanosomiasis. | serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) igm were measured in 182 patients at various stages of gambian sleeping sickness and correlated with antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). each of these tests in serum gave a 30% false negative result, but when both were used this fell to 12%. measurements of igm in csf were raised in 87% of patients with advanced disease and in none of the early cases. the igm levels fell slowly to normal by 12 months after treatment. a high l ... | 1977 | 596510 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: antigens involved in phagocytosis. | | 1977 | 598450 |
| antigenic variation in trypanosomes with particular reference to trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1977 | 610619 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: immune responses of neonatal rats receiving antibodies from the female. | | 1978 | 627279 |
| [investigations on the susceptibility of mastomys natalensis to trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei gambiense (author's transl)]. | mastomys natalensis ("redeyed variant") proved to be as susceptible as suckling rats to infections with trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei gambiense (14 passages after isolation). the susceptibility of m. natalensis and rats was significantly higher than that of mice. after 21 further passages the t. (t.) b. gambiense strain was fully adapted to m. natalensis. polymorphic trypanosome strains could be isolated from pigs and dogs in liberia using m. natalensis as recipient rodents. some of these str ... | 1978 | 644653 |
| congenital transmission of trypanosoma gambiense. | | 1978 | 677954 |
| the identification of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in liberian pigs and dogs by isoenzymes and by resistance to human plasma. | 29 trypanozoon stocks from liberian pigs and dogs were screened for human plasma resistance and electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of eleven enzymes. two stocks from pigs were found both to be resistant to human plasma and to have an isoenzyme marker, a slow alanine aminotransferase (alat) pattern, previously found only in trypanosoma brucei gambiense from man. this constitutes evidence that the pig is a reservoir of human trypanosomiasis in west africa. the t.b.gambiense alat was also found in ... | 1978 | 726046 |
| [the control of the vectors of the sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma gambiense dutton (author's transl)]. | in this review on tsetse control, the authors particularly stress the methods used at the present time against riverine species vectors of "gambian sleeping sickness". the different kinds of insecticidal treatments, the means of ground and aerial application of residual or non-residual compounds as well as the planning of control campaigns are described. besides, the authors show the present trends of the research on tsetse flies ecology, new insecticides, methods of spraying, biological control ... | 1978 | 745535 |
| a card-agglutination test with stained trypanosomes (c.a.t.t.) for the serological diagnosis of t. b. gambiense trypanosomiasis. | | 1978 | 747425 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with variable antigen for serodiagnosis of t. b. gambiense trypanosomiasis. | | 1978 | 747426 |
| [cryoglobulinemia and its significance in human african trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis]. | | 1978 | 754654 |
| [value of indirect immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of "trypanosoma gambiense" trypanosomiasis. 46 cases (author's translation)]. | several indirect fluorescents reactions were performed on 46 trypanosomepositive specimens which had been confirmed by parasitologic diagnosis. 38 sera analysed before the commencement of treatment were found to have a g.m.r.t. equal to i:i, 350 and the titer of antibody was, in all cases, greater than i:320. in all cases in the first phase, the titer was i:640 or higher. four cases were followed beyond the second month and their titers decreased slowly, becoming negative in the fifth month. in ... | 1975 | 770026 |
| effects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in microtus montanus on susceptibility to ehrlich's tumors. | trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in the field vole microtus montanus increased susceptibility to ehrlich's tumor growth. whereas uninfected voles were totally resistant to intraperitoneal ehrlich's ascites tumor cell challenge, over 78% of the animals infected with the trypanosomes developed tumors after challenge. likewise, when ehrlich's ascites cells were injected subcutaneously to induce solid tumor formation, only 7% of uninfected controls developed tumors, whereas over 82% of trypan ... | 1976 | 770326 |
| immunodepression during trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections in the field vole, microtus montanus. | the effects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infections upon immune responses were examined in an outbred laboratory colony of field voles. microtus montanus. antibody levels to challenge with heterologous erythrocytes and bovine serum albumin were significantly depressed in infected animals. trypanosome infections impaired both primary and secondary humoral responses, although previously established specific antibody levels were not affected by infection. specific antibody-producing capabilities ... | 1976 | 791544 |
| antiparasitic nitroimidazoles. 8. derivatives of 2-(4-formylstyryl)-5-nitro-1-vinylimidazole. | a series of 33 thioacetals and hydrazones of 2-(4-formylstyryl)-5-nitro-1-vinylimidazole was prepared and examined for antitrypanosomal properties. the thioacetals were inactive as antitrypanosomal agents but three hydrazones derived from n-aminoguanidine, pyridylacethohydrazide chloride (girard reagent p), and dimethylaminoacetohydrazide (girard reagent d) displayed good activity against trypanosoma rhodesiense. | 1975 | 804551 |
| [electrosyneresis in the diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis]. | comparative studies were carried out on serums from rabbits inoculated with several trypanosoma strains and 50 serums from sleeping sickness cases. the techniques used were antigen-antibody reaction in gel according to ouchterlony, and electrosynerese for which directions are outlined. electrosynerese has been shown to be a much faster and more sensitive method of detecting precipitating antibodies in trypanosomiasis. | 1976 | 825237 |
| the resistance to human plasma of trypanosoma brucei, t. rhodesiense and t. gambiense. i. analysis of the composition of trypanosome strains. | the sensitivity of strains of polymorphic trypanosomes to human plasma was investigated in mice. by measuring the prepatent period an approximate estimate could be made of how many trypanosomes resisted each of a graded series of doses of plasma and survived to produce infection. in this way the composition of typical strains could be analysed. three types of strains could be recognized: (i) strains in which all the individuals composing them were sensitive to full doses of plasma, the response ... | 1976 | 841654 |
| the resistance to human plasma of trypanosoma brucei, t. rhodesiense and t. gambiense. ii. survey of strains from east africa and nigeria. | tests were made in vivo of the sensitivity or resistance to human plasma of many strains of polymorphic trypanosomes. five strains of t. gambiense from nigeria were tested and all were highly resistant. fifteen strains of t. rhodesiense (isolated from man in east africa) were tested and they showed great variation in their degree of resistance from high resistance (five strains) to only subresistance (two strains). forty strains of t. brucei (isolated from animals or tsetse flies) were tested; 2 ... | 1976 | 841655 |
| the role of immunoglobulins in immunity to trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | | 1977 | 858657 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: the binding activity of antiserum to macrophages. | | 1977 | 862705 |
| [arsenic encephalopathy in the treatment of human african trypanosomiasis due to t. gambiense (apropos of 16 cases)]. | | 1977 | 869601 |
| cytofluorograf detection of plasmodium yoelii, trypanosoma gambiense, and trypanosoma equiperdum by laser excited fluorescence of stained rodent blood. | samples of rat blood infected with plasmodium yoelii (3% parasitized erythrocytes), trypanosoma gambiense, or trypanosoma equiperdum (greater than 50 trypanosomes per microscope field at 400 x) were fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffered saline, then stained with acridine orange (ao) at 10(-4), 10(-5), or 10(-6) m for 0 to 15 min at 5 c or 25 c and/or ethidium bromide (eb) at 0.05 mg/ml for 20 min at 25 c. stained cells were analyzed with a laser cytofluorograf (bio/physics systems ... | 1977 | 886402 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: inaccessibility as a factor in agglutination and binding to host macrophages. | | 1977 | 891703 |
| coagulation studies in gambian trypanosomiasis. | simple coagulation studies were carried out in 18 patients with advanced trypanosoma gambiense infection. no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was found. many patients had a moderate degree of thrombocytopenia which may have been due to enhanced splenic trapping of platelets. most patients had raised levels of fibrin degradation products in their cerebrospinal fluid, perhaps reflecting the presence of underlying cerebral and meningeal vascular damage. addition of viable trypanos ... | 1976 | 937630 |
| enzyme electrophoresis in characterizing the causative organism of gambian trypanosomiasis. | trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei includes three morphologically identical subspecies which are poorly defined by clinical behaviour; t. b. brucei does not infect man, whereas t. b. rhodesiense causes an acute, and t. b gambiense a chronic, disease. thirty-three isolates of the complex, each of which had previously been identified on clinical or other criteria, were compared by the electrophoretic patterns of two trypanosomal enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (alat) and aspartate aminotransferase ... | 1976 | 982516 |
| studies on the effects of furazolidon and p-rosaniline on the kinetoplast of trypanosoma gambiense in mice. | p-rosaniline-sensitive and -resistant strains of trypanosoma gambiense were separately passaged in mice treated with furazolidon. after 10 serial passages in mice, the trypanosomes were found to be resistant to furazolidon when tested in mice. the rate of appearance of ak forms after injection of furazolidon into mice infected with a clone obtained from the p-rosaniline resistant strain by repeated treatment with furazolidon (wrf) was lower than that in mice infected with a clone obtained from t ... | 1976 | 985375 |
| trypanosoma brucei gambiense: changes in body temperature rhythms of infected new zealand albino rabbits. | | 1976 | 986950 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: enhancement of agglutinin and protection in subpopulations by immune spleen cells. | | 1975 | 1080713 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: immunity with thymic cell transfer in mice. | | 1976 | 1083344 |
| short-term metabolism of (14-c) tryptophan in rats infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | the pathways of short-term tryptophan metabolism in rats infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense were studied to determine whether this amino acid undergoes rapid conversion to tryptophol and indole lactic acid, two metabolites produced in vitro by t. brucei gambiense. intravenously administered l-(3-14-c)-tryptophan was metabolized to at least two compounds in infected rats: tryptophol (indole ethanol) and indole acetic acid. indole lactic acid was not detected as a metabolite. approximately ... | 1975 | 1117200 |
| efffects of trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection on incorporation of 14c-tryptophan by microtus montanus. | | 1975 | 1117356 |
| trypanosoma gambiense: blocking ability of parasite and macrophage homogenates on attachment during phagocytosis. | | 1975 | 1123016 |
| a case of congenital trypanosomiasis in lagos. | a 17-day old baby girl presented with signs and symptoms of neonatal meningitis, except that she did not respond to the usual drugs. intensive investigations showed that she had trypanosomal meningo-encephalitis or sleeping sickness. her csf was full of t. gambiense. her mother's blood, but not her csf, also contained the parasites. the clinical features and laboratory findings of the disease in this neonate were very different from those usually found in adults. furthermore, her infection was c ... | 1975 | 1170654 |
| [comparative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of culture and bloodstream forms of "trypanosoma" (trypanozoon) brucei gambiense". demonstration of stage and antigenic type specific antigens (author's transl)]. | the comparative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the antigenic structures of culture and bloodstream forms with cross absorption tests confirm the existence among trypanosoma gambiense antigens of: --numerous antigenic components common to culture and bloodstream forms;--several antigenic components specific of either culture forms or bloodstream forms. among the latter, two components are shown to be specific of the antigenic type and appear to support the immunochemical specificity of each va ... | 1975 | 1190743 |
| [preparation of a standardized antigenic extract from several strains of african trypansomes]. | the preparation of a soluble antigen from african trypanosomes is described below. it is important to observe the following steps: --minimal dose of the phytohemagglutinin must be placed in rapid contact with the trypanosomes; --the standard speed of the different centrifugations must be strictly observed; --a thorough washing of the trypanosomes must be carried out to eliminate the hetero-antigens, but caution should be excercised, as over washing is harmful to the trypanosomes. | 1975 | 1242121 |
| effect of hydroxystilbamidine on the kinetoplast of trypanosoma gambiense in mice. | hydroxystilbamidine (ohsa), an inhibitor of dna synthesis, was shown to induce the dyskinetoplastic forms (akinetoplastic forms, ak forms) of trypanosoma gambiense. the mode of appearance of the ak forms after injection of various doses of ohsa into infected mice was examined. the results suggested that production of the ak form is due to the selective inhibition of kinetoplast duplication of the drug without any effect on nuclear and cytoplasmic multiplication. when the parasites were treated w ... | 1975 | 1243650 |
| distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in the bloodstream form of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | the polyene antibiotic, filipin, was used as a probe for demonstrating sterols in the plasma membrane of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. three different regions of the continuous plasma membrane over the cell body proper, flagellar pocket, and flagellum, were compared as to density and distribution of the filipin-sterol complexes by freeze-fracture method. the density of the complexes was highest in the cell body membrane and lowest over the flagellar pocket. the filipin-sterol complexes in the ce ... | 1992 | 1285810 |
| the use of the acridine orange qbc technique in the diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis. | | 1992 | 1287921 |
| screening for trypanosoma brucei gambiense antibodies with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). effect of age and previous treatment. | this paper reports on some of the findings of a longitudinal multi-round investigation into the predictive power of early signs and symptoms of human african trypanosomiasis caused by t.b. gambiense, in the rural health zone of kasongo (maniema, zaire). it assesses the importance of the effect of age and a history of previously treated sleeping sickness on serological positivity as measured by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), used as a screening test. the impact of including age an ... | 1992 | 1292423 |
| [electroencephalographic study of trypanosomes in meningoencephalitic stage of human african trypanosomiasis from trypanosoma brucei gambiense before and after treatment with dl-alphadifluoromethyl- ornithine hydrochloride monohydrate (dfmo)]. | the aim of the study was to assess effects of dfmo (an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis) on waking electroencephalogram (eeg) of 25 patients at meningoencephalitic stage of human african gambiense trypanosomiasis (hat), six of whom having been previously treated with and considered refractory to melarsoprol. dfmo was administered intravenously at dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days, followed by oral treatment at dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 21 days. eeg data were performed before, then 15 days aft ... | 1992 | 1292798 |
| persistence of antibodies to trypanosoma brucei gambiense after treatment of human trypanosomiasis in uganda. | | 1992 | 1353180 |
| african trypanosomiasis: more aggressive treatment or more aggressive research? | | 1992 | 1353181 |
| absence of the litat 1.3 (catt antigen) gene in trypanosoma brucei gambiense stocks from cameroon. | antibodies to the variable antigen type (vat) designated litat 1.3 are common in sera from parasitologically confirmed patients with gambian sleeping sickness. for this reason, litat 1.3 has been considered a suitable antigen for detecting trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (catt; testryp-catt, smith kline-rit). however, surveys in the t.b. gambiense endemic focus of fontem in cameroon have suggested that expression of litat 1.3 might be rare or absen ... | 1992 | 1354930 |
| efficacy and toxicity of eflornithine for treatment of trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. | the usual first-line treatment for trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness is melarsoprol, but when that fails the outlook has hitherto been grim. the polyamine synthesis inhibitor eflornithine (difluoromethylornithine, dfmo) has emerged as an alternative therapy. 207 patients with late-stage t b gambiense sleeping sickness were treated in rural zaire with three different regimens of dfmo in an open-trial design. during treatment, trypanosomes disappeared from the csf of all 87 patients i ... | 1992 | 1355219 |
| high-dose nifurtimox for arseno-resistant trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness: an open trial in central zaire. | thirty patients with arseno-resistant trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness were treated with high-dose nifurtimox (30 mg/kg/d for 30 d). during treatment, the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) white blood cell (wbc) count decreased in all patients except one (mean csf wbc count before nifurtimox: 117/mm3; after nifurtimox: 25/mm3), and trypanosomes disappeared from the csf of all 9 patients in whom parasites had been demonstrated before nifurtimox. among 25 patients seen at least once after tr ... | 1992 | 1412646 |
| [serological evidence of the existence of a wild reservoir of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the pendjari biosphere reservation in the republic of benin]. | in the national park of pendjari, situated in the north-west of benin, 91 wild animals, belonging to seven species, were darted. thick and thin blood smears were examined for trypanosomes and plasma for trypanolytic antibodies against 6 antigenic variants of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. parasites were found in 13.92% and trypanolytic antibodies in 20.88% of the samples. a total of 28.57% of animals were positive by at least one of the two test systems used. morphologically trypanosoma congolens ... | 1992 | 1417158 |
| advances in sleeping sickness therapy. | the efficacy and adverse effects of nifurtimox and dfmo in the treatment of sleeping sickness are reviewed. both new substances constitute effective novel therapeutic agents for gambiense sleeping sickness, including melarsoprol-refractory disease. dfmo is not very active in rhodesiense sleeping sickness and experience with nifurtimox in this form of trypanosomiasis is too limited to draw valid conclusions. the toxicity of nifurtimox and dfmo is not negligible. optimum dosage and duration of the ... | 1992 | 1417168 |
| diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis. | | 1992 | 1417169 |
| nitric oxide-mediated cytostatic activity on trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trypanosoma brucei brucei. | macrophages collected from bcg-infected mice or exposed in vitro to interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide developed a cytostatic activity on trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trypanosoma brucei brucei. this trypanostatic activity of activated macrophages was inhibited by addition of n-monomethyl-l-arginine, an inhibitor of the l-arginine-nitric oxide (no) metabolic pathway, indicating a role for no as the effector molecule. contrary to trypanosomes treated with n2gas, trypanosomes treated with ... | 1992 | 1426137 |
| inhibition of igm antibody-mediated aggregation of trypanosoma gambiense in the presence of complement. | this paper deals with the immune reaction between trypanosoma gambiense and monoclonal igm mouse antibody at equivalence with or without rabbit complement. antibody-mediated trypanosome clumps formed in the absence of complement, and were readily dissociated by complement to become free. in the presence of complement, on the other hand, t. gambiense were not aggregated by the antibody. free parasites adhered readily to cultured peritoneal macrophages. complement-mediated dissociation of the clum ... | 1992 | 1426139 |
| astrocyte activation correlates with cytokine production in central nervous system of trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected mice. | during the late-stage disease associated with human african trypanosomiasis, caused by infection with either trypanosoma gambiense or t. rhodesiense, parasites invade the central nervous system (cns), eventually leading to development of cns pathology. this can be exacerbated by subcurative chemotherapy. the mechanisms through which the inflammatory processes within the cns are controlled remain unclear. | 1992 | 1434541 |
| immunological activities of monoclonal igg1 antibody against trypanosoma gambiense. | the present paper deals with the immune reaction between a monoclonal igg1 antibody and trypanosoma gambiense. the aggregation of trypanosomes, immune adherence to macrophages and protection against infection are associated with the antibody. igg1-mediated clumping of trypanosomes is readily dissociated by the addition of complement. dissociation of the clumped trypanosomes in the equivalence area released approximately fifty percent of previously bound surface antigens. these antigens were capa ... | 1992 | 1439985 |
| a kit for in vitro isolation of trypanosomes in the field: first trial with sleeping sickness patients in the congo republic. | | 1992 | 1440814 |