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effects of preparatory procedures on the venom from a rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus), as determined by isoelectric focusing.a study was made on the venom of a single specimen of the rattlesnake crotalus molossus molossus, utilizing isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, to determine what effects various commonly employed preparative procedures might have on the chemical properties of the venom. the procedures included storage at several temperatures, freezing and thawing, evaporation, desiccation and lyophilization. results indicated that the numbers and relative positions of the protein bands were constant wit ...19846474501
an isoelectric focusing study of seasonal variation in rattlesnake venom proteins.adult specimens of seven southern pacific rattlesnakes (crotalus viridis helleri), four northern black-tailed rattlesnakes (crotalus molossus molossus), and six western diamondback rattlesnakes (crotalus atrox) were housed under controlled light and temperature and milked of venom monthly for 20 months. ambient conditions were modelled to simulate seasonal change. weighed amounts of lyophilized venom from each snake were compared chronologically for variation in isoelectric focusing patterns, us ...19863824406
isolation of a fibrinolytic protease, m4, from venom of crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktail rattlesnake).m4, a fibrinolytic protease, was isolated from the venom of crotalus molossus molossus. it has a pi of 9.6 and a molecular weight of 27,000. the protease hydrolyzes the a alpha and b beta chains of fibrinogen, and the alpha and beta chains of fibrin. this activity was inhibited by edta and restored by ca2+ or zn2+, but not mg2+. the protease hydrolyzed hide power azure and casein, but it had no effect on collagen, hyaluronic acid, complement or synthetic substrates for thrombin, plasmin or kalli ...19921521826
effects of temperature and storage conditions on the electrophoretic, toxic and enzymatic stability of venom components.rattlesnake venoms are complex biological products containing potentially autolytic components, and they provide a useful tool for the study of long-term maintenance of enzymes in a competent state, both in vivo and in vitro. to evaluate the stability of venom components, 15 aliquots of freshly extracted venom (from crotalus molossus molossus) were subjected to 15 different temperature and storage conditions for 1 week and then lyophilized; conditions varied from storage at -80 degrees c (optima ...19989530814
resurrexit, sicut dixit, alleluia. snake venomics from a 26-year old polyacrylamide focusing gel.a 26-year-old dried polyacrylamide gel, cast in presence of an immobilized ph gradient and containing focused proteins from the venoms of a northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus), and of a western diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus atrox) has been screened in order to see the feasibility of extracting the proteins, analyzing them by mass spectrometry (ms) and assessing their integrity. nine gel bands were excised along the ph 3-10 gradient and the gel segments reswollen in ...201221985938
capillary damage in the area postrema by venom of the northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus).the northern black-tailed rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) venom is mainly hemotoxic, hemorrhagic, and neurotoxic. its effects in the central nervous system are unknown and only poorly described for all viperidae species in general. this is why we are interested in describe the damage induced by c. m. molossus venom in rat brain, particularly in the area postrema capillaries. four c. m. molossus venom doses were tested (0.02, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20mg/kg) injected intramuscularly at the lowe ...201425035793
presence of heat-stable hemorrhagic toxins in snake venoms.twenty-eight snake venoms (seven agkistrodon venoms, six bothrops venoms, 13 crotalus venoms, one sistrurus venom, and one bitis venom) were examined for the presence of heat-stable (100 degrees c, 5 min) hemorrhagic toxins. both heated and unheated venoms were analyzed for their protein composition by sds-page, and tested for their hemorrhagic activity in vivo in mice and for their proteolytic activity on two different substrates. heating all venoms led to the denaturation and loss of some prot ...19947985199
envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus): case report.the clinical course after a human envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) is not well described in the literature. the present report discusses a 12-year-old girl who was envenomated by c. molossus molossus and treated with antivenom (crotalidae polyvalent immune fab). her recovery was uncomplicated, and she was discharged after 48 hours of hospitalization. hematologic and coagulation studies were within normal limits at follow up. the clinical effects of ...200515643324
in vivo gene delivery via portal vein and bile duct to individual lobes of the rat liver using a polylysine-based nonviral dna vector in combination with chloroquine.the objective of this study was to evaluate a bifunctional synthetic peptide as a dna vector for regional gene delivery to the rat liver by the portal vein and bile duct routes. the 31-amino-acid peptide (polylysine-molossin) comprises an amino-terminal chain of 16 lysines for electrostatic binding of dna, and the 15 amino acid integrin-binding domain of the venom of the american pit viper, crotalus molossus molossus. initial in vitro evaluation demonstrated that polylysine-molossin/dna complexe ...200111779402
partial characterization of a basic protein from crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktail rattlesnake) venom and production of a monoclonal antibody.the venom of crotalus molossus molossus (blacktailed rattlesnake) is very basic compared to that of other crotalinae venoms. unlike other crotalinae venoms that are separated by anion exchange chromatography, c. m. molossus venom must be fractionated by cation exchange chromatography. electrophoretic titration (et) was used to predict the isoelectric point (pi) and optimal conditions for isolation. the specific hemorrhagic activity for c. m. molossus venom was 7.5 mm/microg, making it one of the ...200111024493
in vitro investigation of factors important for the delivery of an integrin-targeted nonviral dna vector in organ transplantation.polylysine-molossin is a 31 amino acid synthetic peptide that has previously been demonstrated to function as a dna vector in vitro for cell lines and for the cornea. it incorporates the 15 amino acid integrin-binding domain of the venom of the american pit viper, crotalus molossus molossus as the targeting moiety and a chain of 16 lysines as the dna-binding moiety. the objective of this study was to evaluate several parameters of importance for in vivo applications.200010762223
a nonviral vector system for efficient gene transfer to corneal endothelial cells via membrane integrins.genetic manipulation of allografts to suppress their ability to induce rejection is a promising approach for controlling rejection responses. a key to this approach is the development of appropriate dna vectors. we are developing nonviral dna vector systems based on synthetic peptides containing an integrin-binding segment for cellular targeting and a polylysine segment for dna binding.19979311717
purification of m5, a fibrinolytic proteinase from crotalus molossus molossus venom that attacks complement.crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktailed rattlesnake) venom contains agents that affect blood coagulation. a fibrin(ogen)olytic proteinase, called m5, was isolated and purified from this venom by ion exchange chromatography in a two-step procedure. m5 consists of a single non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 25 kda and an isoelectric point of 7.6. it hydrolyses the a alpha and b beta chains of fibrinogen and the alpha and beta chains of fibrin. it also exhibits c ...19979251246
differences in fibrinolysis and complement inactivation by venom from different northern blacktailed rattlesnakes (crotalus molossus molossus).venom from 72 different crotalus molossus molossus rattlesnakes was examined for fibrinolysis and for their ability to inactivate human complement. the fibrinolytic activity of the venoms was variable, but smaller (younger) snakes had less fibrinolytic activity than larger (older) snakes. major differences between the venoms was detected by isoelectric focusing, and reflected in the number and pi of the proteins with fibrinolytic activity. of the 72 venoms tested, ten had no effect and three had ...19979133705
modulation of phospholipase a2 activity by membrane-active peptides on liposomes of different phospholipid composition.to determine the influence of variations in both lipid species and lipid packing on phospholipase a2 (pla2) hydrolytic activity, the activities of two pla2 isolated from crotalus molossus molossus venom, were followed on unilamellar liposomes modified by membrane-active peptides. enzymatic activity was compared with cytolytic activity on human and mouse lymphocytes. phosphatidylcholine liposomes were hydrolysed better than liposomes containing acidic phospholipids (phosphatidylserine, phosphatid ...19947890144
envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus): report of two cases and the in vitro effects of the venom on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation.in two cases of human envenomation by the northern blacktail rattlesnake (crotalus molossus molossus) there was marked swelling and ecchymosis of the bitten extremity and thrombocytopenia and, in one case, hypofibrinogenemia. treatment consisted of i.v. antivenin, crystalloid solution, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitates, with recovery in each case. in vitro studies showed that the venom had fibrinolytic and platelet aggregating properties; a coagulant effect, although present, was much les ...19827080054
comparative enzymatic study of hplc-fractionated crotalus venoms.1. ten venoms of the genus crotalus (crotalus adamanteus, crotalus atrox, crotalus durissus durissus, crotalus horridus horridus, crotalus lepidus, crotalus polystictus, crotalus molossus molossus, crotalus pusillus, crotalus scutulatus scutulatus, venom b, and crotalus viridis lutosus) were fractionated using hplc anion and cation exchange chromatography. 2. hplc venom fractions were tested for hemorrhagic, hemolytic, and proteolytic activities. 3. crude virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) ...19892680253
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