| infection of aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of plasmodium falciparum. | eleven strains of plasmodium falciparum from asia, africa, and central america were inoculated into a total of 58 splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys. eight of the strains produced high-level parasitemias, whereas 3 (2 from honduras and 1 from zaire) produced only low-level parasitemias. mosquito infections were only obtained during the first 2 linear passages of the santa lucia strain from el salvador. the results indicate that this species of aotus monkey is highly susceptible to i ... | 1986 | 3537256 |
| infection of aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with different strains of plasmodium vivax. | sixty-seven splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis were infected with strains of plasmodium vivax from southeast asia (2), new guinea (2), north korea (1), and central america (3). maximum parasitemias varied among the different strains, with the mean maximum parasitemia for the primary infection period being 16,200 per mm3. animals previously infected with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae produced maximum parasitemias of 30,200 and 11,900 per mm3, respectively. gametocytes infecti ... | 1985 | 3889264 |
| reactivity of human t-lymphocyte-specific antibodies with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen of aotus azarae ssp. boliviensis (owl monkey). | aotus monkeys offer one of the few models that can be used for the evaluation of the immunogenicity and efficacy of new vaccine candidates against the human malarias, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. however, the tools available for evaluation of the immune responses in these new world primates are still limited. in the present study, a previously selected set of monoclonal antibodies that were raised against human t cell determinants and were reactive with at least one other primate ... | 2000 | 11168830 |
| coupling and decoupling of evolutionary mode between x- and y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in owl monkeys. | we previously discovered y-chromosomal red-green opsin genes in two types of owl monkeys with different chromosomal characteristics. in one type, the y-linked opsin gene is a single-copy intact gene and in the other, the genes exist as multiple pseudogenes on a y/autosome fusion chromosome. in the present study, we first distinguished the two types of monkeys as distinct allopatric species on the basis of karyotypic characteristics: aotus lemurinus griseimembra (karyotype iii, diploid chromosome ... | 2005 | 15922519 |
| uterine evaluation and gestation diagnosis in owl monkey (aotus azarai infulatus) using the b mode ultrasound. | gynecological and obstetrical ultrasonography has become an indispensable tool in the routine management, health evaluation and research on captive non-human primates. | 2006 | 16764669 |
| developmental sources of conservation and variation in the evolution of the primate eye. | conserved developmental programs, such as the order of neurogenesis in the mammalian eye, suggest the presence of useful features for evolutionary stability and variability. the owl monkey, aotus azarae, has developed a fully nocturnal retina in recent evolution. description and quantification of cell cycle kinetics show that embryonic cytogenesis is extended in aotus compared with the diurnal new world monkey cebus apella. combined with the conserved mammalian pattern of retinal cell specificat ... | 2009 | 19451636 |
| lateral interactions in the perception of flicker and in the physiology of the lateral geniculate nucleus. | the perception of flicker strength in a center stimulus can be affected by the presence of a surrounding stimulus. we correlated this effect with the interactions between centers and surrounds of the receptive fields (rfs) of neurons in the retino-geniculate pathways. the responses of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of two new world monkey species, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), and the owl monkey (aotus azarae) were measured to two spatially non-overlapping sinusoidally ... | 2004 | 15330708 |
| disappearances of individuals from social groups have implications for understanding natal dispersal in monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarai). | the socially monogamous owl monkeys (aotus spp.) live in small groups of two to five individuals. we used monthly demographic data collected from 16 social groups between 1997-2001 to estimate the age of disappearance from their natal groups and the timing of those disappearances in a population of owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) in formosa, argentina. we applied survival analysis techniques to 48 months of observations of 47 individuals to construct age-specific probabilities of disappearance ... | 2002 | 12210674 |
| density and population structure of owl monkeys (aotus azarai) in the argentinean chaco. | owl monkeys are small monogamous primates ranging over a wide area extending from panama to the chaco region of northern argentina. the chaco, an alluvial plain covering over one million km2 of argentina, bolivia, brazil, and paraguay, consists of a mosaic of grasslands, savannas, xeric thorn forests, and gallery forests. the region shows significant seasonal variation in climate, rainfall, and food availability. the goal of this study was to determine the density, size, and structure of a popul ... | 2001 | 11253849 |
| studies on infections with the berok strain of plasmodium cynomolgi in monkeys and mosquitoes. | infections with the berok strain of plasmodium cynomolgi were induced in macaca mulatta, macaca fascicularis, macaca nemestrina, aotus lemurinus griseimembra, aotus azarae boliviensis, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys. transmission was obtained with sporozoites developing in anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles maculatus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles culicifacies, and anopheles dirus mosquitoes. this strain of p. cynomolgi offers significant potential for a number of experimental studies. t ... | 1999 | 10219307 |
| beta2-microglobulin in neotropical primates (platyrrhini). | nucleotide sequences for the three exons of the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) gene (b2m) were determined for 135 animals representing 37 species and all 16 genera of neotropical primates (platyrrhini). twenty-eight different nucleotide sequences, encoding for 26 different proteins, were obtained. in comparison with those of other primate species, the beta2-microglobulins of the platyrrhini form a distinct clade. individual genera of neotropical primates have distinctive b2m sequences, but within ... | 1998 | 9634477 |
| distribution of m retinal ganglion cells in diurnal and nocturnal new world monkeys. | the topography of m ganglion cell distribution was studied in the retinae of two new world monkey species, the diurnal capuchin monkey cebus apella and the nocturnal owl monkey aotus azarae. retinal whole mounts were stained by the neurofibrillar method of gros-schultze. as occurs with other diurnal primates, the cebus m-ganglion cell density peaks in the foveal slope and declines towards the periphery. in the aotus retina, the m ganglion cell density peaks in the area centralis and declines tow ... | 1996 | 8744442 |
| fetal globin expression in new world monkeys. | reverse phase chromatography of the globin chains of adult, newborn, and fetal erythrocytes from three species of new world monkeys (cebus apella, aotus azarae, and callithrix jacchus) representing three of the seven platyrrhine clades showed that gamma-globin expression was fetal in these animals. the globins were identified by a combination of chemical sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis. since gamma-globin expression is fetal in the other major simian branch, the catarrhines, but embry ... | 1996 | 8663037 |
| studies on the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in bolivian aotus monkeys and various anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium malariae (uganda i/cdc) was isolated from an infant who had been infected via blood transfusion from a donor who had entered the united states 8 yr previously. after passage through a splenectomized chimpanzee, the parasite was studied in 29 splenectomized aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys. maximum parasitemias were higher in aotus monkeys without previous plasmodium infection than in aotus monkeys with a history of p. vivax infection. animals with a history of infection wi ... | 1984 | 6392499 |
| infection of aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys with the ro strain of plasmodium cynomolgi. | | 1985 | 4093822 |
| transmission of the os strain of plasmodium inui to saimiri sciureus boliviensis and aotus azarae boliviensis monkeys by anopheles dirus mosquitoes. | eight saimiri and 7 aotus monkeys were exposed to infection with the os strain of plasmodium inui via the bites of from 2 to 7 anopheles dirus mosquitoes. all saimiri monkeys developed high-level infections of from 152,000 to 500,000/mm3 after prepatent periods of from 14 to 17 days. only 1 aotus monkey developed a patent infection after a period of 28 days. feeding on these animals failed to result in infection of an. dirus mosquitoes. | 1988 | 3379532 |
| the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae in aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. | two lines of the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae were studied in splenectomized aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys. a line initially adapted to these monkeys from an infected chimpanzee failed to produce high-level parasite counts or mosquito infection in 13 of this type of monkey during 16 linear passages. another line, originally adapted from the chimpanzee to aotus azarae boliviensis, after 7 linear passages in 3 different types of aotus was then passaged to 14 splenectomized a. ... | 1989 | 2645394 |
| development of a polymorphic strain of plasmodium vivax in monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from thailand with a polymorphic repeat unit of the circumsporozoite protein was established in saimiri sciureus boliviensis and 3 species of aotus monkeys. all 11 attempts to transmit infection via sporozoite inoculation, 4 times to splenectomized s. sciureus boliviensis, 2 times to splenectomized aotus nancymai, and 5 times to intact saimiri monkeys, were successful. anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were in ... | 1992 | 1597793 |
| moonstruck primates: owl monkeys (aotus) need moonlight for nocturnal activity in their natural environment. | primates show activity patterns ranging from nocturnality to diurnality, with a few species showing activity both during day and night. among anthropoids (monkeys, apes and humans), nocturnality is only present in the central and south american owl monkey genus aotus. unlike other tropical aotus species, the azara's owl monkeys (a. azarai) of the subtropics have switched their activity pattern from strict nocturnality to one that also includes regular diurnal activity. harsher climate, food avai ... | 2010 | 20838447 |
| number and topography of cones, rods and optic nerve axons in new and old world primates. | to better understand the evolution of spatial and color vision, the number and spatial distributions of cones, rods, and optic nerve axon numbers were assessed in seven new world primates (cebus apella, saimiri ustius, saguinus midas niger, alouatta caraya, aotus azarae, calllithrix jacchus, and callicebus moloch). the spatial distribution and number of rods and cones was determined from counts of retinal whole mounts. optic axon number was determined from optic nerve sections by electron micros ... | 2008 | 18598400 |
| food transfers to young and mates in wild owl monkeys (aotus azarai). | accounts of food sharing within natural populations of mammals have focused on transfers to offspring or transfers of food items that are difficult to obtain (such as meat). five groups of socially monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) in formosa, argentina were observed during 107 hr to determine the pattern of food sharing under natural conditions. there were a total of 42 social interactions involving food with food being transferred on eight occasions. adult males transferred food to ... | 2008 | 17849426 |
| adult male replacement and subsequent infant care by male and siblings in socially monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarai). | owl monkeys (aotus azarai) are small, territorial, socially monogamous primates that show intense infant care by the adult male in the group. it has been hypothesized that male care may be adaptive because it increases offspring survival and/or reduces the metabolic costs to the female of raising the offspring. alternatively, males may provide care even when they are not related to the infants to increase future reproductive opportunities. we describe changes in infant care patterns that took pl ... | 2008 | 17805482 |
| scaling of neuron number and volume of the pulvinar complex in new world primates: comparisons with humans, other primates, and mammals. | the lateral posterior nucleus and pulvinar (lp-pulvinar complex) are the principal thalamic nuclei associated with the elaborate development of the dorsal and ventral streams of the parietal cortex in primates. in humans, a novel site of origin for a subpopulation of pulvinar neurons has been observed, the ganglionic eminence of the telencephalon. this additional site of neuron origin has been proposed to contribute to the pulvinar's evolutionary expansion (letinic and rakic [2001] nat neurosci ... | 2007 | 17640049 |
| mutational changes in s-cone opsin genes common to both nocturnal and cathemeral aotus monkeys. | aotus is a platyrrhine primate that has been classically considered to be nocturnal. earlier research revealed that this animal lacks a color vision capacity because, unlike all other platyrrhine monkeys, aotus has a defect in the opsin gene that is required to produce short-wavelength sensitive (s) cone photopigment. consequently, aotus retains only a single type of cone photopigment. other mammals have since been found to show similar losses and it has often been speculated that such change is ... | 2007 | 17253622 |
| quantitation of sleep and spinal curvature in an unusually longevous owl monkey (aotus azarae). | a table summarizing the primary literature on 19 species of longevous non-human primates, other than owl monkey, is presented. | 2006 | 17214659 |
| the evolution of cathemerality in primates and other mammals: a comparative and chronoecological approach. | non-primate mammalian activity cycles are highly variable across and within taxonomic groups. in contrast, the order primates has historically been recognized as displaying a diurnal-nocturnal dichotomy that mapped, for the most part, onto the taxonomic division between haplorhines and strepsirhines. however, it has become clear over the past two decades that activity cycles in primates are not quite so clear cut. some primate species--like many large herbivorous mammals, mustelids, microtine ro ... | 2006 | 16415585 |
| cathemerality and lunar periodicity of activity rhythms in owl monkeys of the argentinian chaco. | although most south american owl monkeys are mainly nocturnal, aotus azarai azarai of the argentinean chaco regularly shows diurnal activity. in this study we examined the strong influence of moonlight on its diurnal and nocturnal activity, as well as the interaction of moonlight effects with other exogenous factors. we analyzed long-term automated activity recordings obtained with accelerometer collars from 7 owl monkeys during 2003 and 2004. our data show marked lunar periodic and seasonal mod ... | 2006 | 16415581 |
| chronobiological background to cathemerality: circadian rhythms in eulemur fulvus albifrons (prosimii) and aotus azarai boliviensis (anthropoidea). | cathemeral activity, in which the animals' motor activity is almost evenly distributed throughout the dark and the light portion of the day, has been described in various lemur genera (eulemur, hapalemur) and in the owl monkey aotus azarai of the argentinean chaco. proximate and ultimate factors responsible for this behaviour are still being debated. however, the chronobiological background of the behaviour has largely been ignored. we studied e. fulvus albifrons and a. a. boliviensis under cont ... | 2006 | 16415579 |
| avpr1a sequence variation in monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarai) and its implications for the evolution of platyrrhine social behavior. | the arginine vasopressin v1a receptor gene (avpr1a) has been implicated in increased partner preference and pair bonding behavior in mammalian lineages. this observation is of considerable importance for studies of social monogamy, which only appears in a small subset of primate taxa, including the argentinean owl monkey (aotus azarai). thus, to investigate the possible influence of avpr1a on the evolution of social behavior in owl monkeys, we sequenced this locus in a wild population from the g ... | 2010 | 20838784 |
| two types of alpha satellite dna in distinct chromosomal locations in azara's owl monkey. | alpha satellite dna is a repetitive sequence known to be a major dna component of centromeres in primates (order primates). new world monkeys form one major taxon (parvorder platyrrhini) of primates, and their alpha satellite dna is known to comprise repeat units of around 340 bp. in one species (azara's owl monkey aotus azarae) of this taxon, we identified two types of alpha satellite dna consisting of 185- and 344-bp repeat units that we designated as owlalp1 and owlalp2, respectively. owlalp2 ... | 2013 | 23477842 |
| systemic herpesvirus infection in an azara's night monkey (aotus azarae). | intra- and inter-species transmission of human herpesvirus type 1 were noticed. in the present study, the herpesviral infection of a 1-year-old azara's night monkey (aotus azarae) was investigated. | 2011 | 21320132 |
| adaptation of the amru-1 strain of plasmodium vivax to aotus and saimiri monkeys and to four species of anopheline mosquitoes. | a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium vivax (amru-1) from papua new guinea has been adapted to grow in 4 species of aotus monkeys (aotus lemurinus griseimembra, aotus vaciferans, aotus nancymai, and aotus azarae boliviensis), hybrid aotus monkeys, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys. whereas it was possible to infect saimiri monkeys with this parasite by inoculation of parasitized erythrocytes, only 42% of saimiri monkeys became infected, compared to 92% of aotus monkeys attempted. comparativ ... | 1999 | 10461947 |
| spatial receptive field properties of lateral geniculate cells in the owl monkey (aotus azarae) at different contrasts: a comparative study. | several physiological properties of owl monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) cells were studied to verify whether its nocturnal habit has an influence on the organization of its subcortical visual system. receptive field (rf) dimensions were measured using drifting gratings and bipartite field stimuli. we found that owl monkey cells lgn have larger rfs and were on average more non-linear than those of diurnal monkeys. but, as in other anthropoids, there is an increase in rf centre size with i ... | 2007 | 17714192 |
| mtdna diversity in azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) of the argentinean chaco. | owl monkeys (aotus spp.) inhabit much of south america yet represent an enigmatic evolutionary branch among primates. while morphological, cytogenetic, and immunological evidence suggest that owl monkey populations have undergone isolation and diversification since their emergence in the new world, problems with adjacent species ranges, and sample provenance have complicated efforts to characterize genetic variation within the genus. as a result, the phylogeographic history of owl monkey species ... | 2011 | 21826638 |
| rensch's rule, bergmann's effect and adult sexual dimorphism in wild monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarai) of argentina. | some monogamous primates are characterized by biparental care, territoriality, and a reduced level of physical dimorphism. in others, the relationship between those behavioral patterns and dimorphism is less clear. i tested bergmann's and rensch's rules using aotus spp. body mass data and i characterized the extent of sexual dimorphism in body mass, dental and physical measurements in a socially monogamous owl monkey population (n = 91 adults) from the argentinean gran chaco. a. azarai azarai fr ... | 2011 | 21710658 |
| hormonal monitoring of reproductive status in monogamous wild female owl monkeys (aotus azarai) of the argentinean chaco. | the neotropical owl monkeys (aotus spp.) are a good model for evaluating the hypothesis that monogamy may arise if female reproductive cycles limit the mating potential of males. to evaluate this hypothesis, we first needed to assess the feasibility of using fecal sampling for monitoring the reproductive status of females. we collected fecal samples (n = 242, from 7 females) from wild adult aotus azarai females in the gran chaco forests of argentina during 3 years. fecal estrone-1-glucuronide (e ... | 2011 | 22116541 |
| an optimized microsatellite genotyping strategy for assessing genetic identity and kinship in azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarai). | in this study, we characterize a panel of 20 microsatellite markers that reproducibly amplify in azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarai) for use in genetic profiling analyses. a total of 128 individuals from our study site in formosa, argentina, were genotyped for 20 markers, 13 of which were found to be polymorphic. the levels of allelic variation at these loci provided paternity exclusion probabilities of 0.852 when neither parent was known, and 0.981 when one parent was known. in addition, our ana ... | 2011 | 21912137 |
| behavioral sleep in captive owl monkey (aotus azarae) and squirrel monkey (saimiri boliviensis). | the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that activity-behavioral sleep parameters differ between nocturnallyactive owl monkeys and diurnally-active squirrel monkeys which are sympatric and of bolivian origin. the total sleep time (tst) and sleep episode length (sel) of 7 adult owl monkey siblings and 4 adult squirrel monkeys were quantitated by actigraphy for 7 days under captive conditions. the higher tst/24 h values and longer sel/12 h quiescent phase quantitated for owl monkeys ... | 2009 | 20048768 |
| hematological, hepatic, and renal evaluation in aotus azarai infulatus. | knowing the physiological ranges of certain hematological and biochemical parameters is necessary for understanding the alterations caused by pathogenic agents and establishing differences between states of health and disease. hematological evaluations and clinical chemistry were performed on livers and kidneys from owl monkeys with different sexes and age ranges. | 2010 | 21044090 |
| polyspecific associations between squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and other primates in eastern amazonia. | one of the most common types of polyspecific association observed in neotropical primate communities is that between squirrel monkeys (saimiri) and capuchins (cebus). the present study focused on association patterns in two saimiri sciureus groups in eastern brazilian amazonia, between march and october, 2009. the associations were analyzed in terms of the species involved, the degree of association, and niche breadth and overlap. the study involved two s. sciureus groups (b4 and gi) on the righ ... | 2011 | 21809365 |
| heterochromatin blocks constituting the entire short arms of acrocentric chromosomes of azara's owl monkey: formation processes inferred from chromosomal locations. | centromeres and telomeres of higher eukaryotes generally contain repetitive sequences, which often form pericentric or subtelomeric heterochromatin blocks. c-banding analysis of chromosomes of azara's owl monkey, a primate species, showed that the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes consist mostly or solely of constitutive heterochromatin. the purpose of the present study was to determine which category, pericentric, or subtelomeric is most appropriate for this heterochromatin, and to infer it ... | 2013 | 23761219 |
| analysis of follicular events in owl monkeys (aotus azarai infulatus) using b-mode and doppler ultrasound. | ultrasound (b-mode) was used to analyze follicular events in 12 trained female owl monkeys (aotus azarai infulatus). the animals were examined every 48 hours for over 90 days to measure and map follicular growth in both ovaries and to measure (using doppler velocimetry) local hemodynamic changes during the peri-ovulatory stage. there were 44 follicular growth events, each with two or three follicular waves, and a mean ± sem interval between events of 17 ± 1.13 days. there were various hemodynami ... | 2013 | 23602218 |
| seasonal variation of temporal niche in wild owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) of the argentinean chaco: a matter of masking? | among the more than 40 genera of anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans), only the south american owl monkeys, genus aotus, are nocturnal. however, the southernmostly distributed species, aotus azarai azarai, of the gran chaco may show considerable amounts of its 24-h activity during bright daylight. due to seasonal changes in the duration of photophase and climatic parameters in their subtropical habitat, the timing and pattern of their daily activity are expected to show significant se ... | 2012 | 22734571 |
| renal evaluation of aotus azarai infulatus by ultrasonography and serum chemistry profile. | this study aimed to characterize anatomical and biochemical properties of owl monkey kidneys in order to provide normal reference values. sixty-nine aotus azarai infulatus (45 males and 24 females) were divided into four different age groups (ag1: 3 months-1 year; ag2: 2-3 years; ag3: 4-6 years; and ag4: over 7 years old). the monkeys were evaluated with a serum chemistry profile, focusing on serum creatinine (scr) and blood urea nitrogen (bun) and with ultrasound. mean body mass differed among ... | 2012 | 22511524 |
| identification of owl monkey cd4 receptors broadly compatible with early-stage hiv-1 isolates. | most hiv-1 variants isolated from early-stage human infections do not use nonhuman primate versions of the cd4 receptor for cellular entry, or they do so poorly. we and others have previously shown that cd4 has experienced strong natural selection over the course of primate speciation, but it is unclear whether this selection has influenced the functional characteristics of cd4 as an hiv-1 receptor. surprisingly, we find that selection on cd4 has been most intense in the new world monkeys, anima ... | 2015 | 26063421 |
| night monkey hybrids exhibit de novo genomic and karyotypic alterations: the first such case in primates. | using molecular chromosomal analyses, we discovered night monkey hybrids produced in captivity from matings between a female aotus azarae boliviensis (2n = 50) and a male a. lemurinus griseimembra (2n = 53). the parents produced seven offspring in total, including one male and six females - a pattern consistent with haldane's rule. chromosomal studies were conducted on four of the hybrid offspring. two of them showed relatively 'simple' mixture karyotypes, including different chromosome numbers ... | 2017 | 28369492 |
| social monogamy in wild owl monkeys (aotus azarae) of argentina: the potential influences of resource distribution and ranging patterns. | using published and new data from a population of monogamous owl monkeys in the argentinean chaco, i examine the hypothesis that social monogamy is a default social system imposed upon males because the spatial and/or temporal distribution of resources and females makes it difficult for a single male to defend access to more than one mate. first, i examine a set of predictions on ranging patterns, use of space, and population density. this first section is followed by a second one considering pr ... | 2016 | 25931263 |
| primate diversity, habitat preferences, and population density estimates in noel kempff mercado national park, santa cruz department, bolivia. | this report documents primate communities at two sites within noel kempff mercado national park in northeastern santa cruz department, bolivia. diurnal line transects and incidental observations were employed to survey two field sites, lago caiman and las gamas, providing information on primate diversity, habitat preferences, relative abundance, and population density. primate diversity at both sites was not particularly high, with six observed species: callithrix argentata melanura, aotus azara ... | 1998 | 9802511 |
| leishmania (viannia) dna detection by pcr-rflp and sequencing in free-ranging owl monkeys (aotus azarai azarai) from formosa, argentina. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is caused by protozoan parasites of the leishmania genus, and transmitted by females of the phlebotominae family. the role of wild and domestic hosts in the cycle of leishmania is still unknown. acl is endemic in the province of formosa where nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species in several captures and 31 cumulative acl human cases were reported between 2005 and 2011 in the province. the present report describes the detection, by pcr-rflp and conf ... | 2012 | 23305973 |
| evaluation of blood pressure in feline night monkeys (aotus azarae infulatus) under different restraint protocols. | feline night monkeys are very susceptible to stress when handled, and because of that, the use of anesthetic and physical restraint methods should be carefully evaluated. to ensure a safer anesthesia to the animals the present study aimed to observe the influence of four restraint protocols in the blood pressure of aotus azarae infulatus. | 2015 | 26222788 |
| age and sex-specific mortality of wild and captive populations of a monogamous pair-bonded primate (aotus azarae). | in polygynous primates, a greater reproductive variance in males have been linked to their reduced life expectancy relative to females. the mortality patterns of monogamous pair-bonded primates, however, are less clear. we analyzed the sex differences in mortality within wild (nmales = 70, nfemales = 73) and captive (nmales = 25, nfemales = 29) populations of azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarae), a socially and genetically monogamous primate exhibiting biparental care. we used bayesian surviva ... | 2016 | 25866126 |
| double effort: parental behavior of wild azara's owl monkeys in the face of twins. | in species of mammals that habitually bear single offspring, like most anthropoid primates, the occurrence of twins is expected to impose considerable energetic costs on the caretakers. the question then arises of how caregivers cope with the potentially increased costs of raising twins. these increased costs should lead to differing developmental rates in twins when compared to singletons, and/or to changes in the caregivers' behavior. likewise, time budgets of parents of singletons are expecte ... | 2014 | 24395709 |
| qualitative analysis of preputial and vaginal bacterial microbiota in owl monkeys (aotus azarai infulatus) raised in captivity. | the aim of this study was to identify the aerobic bacteria of the preputial and vaginal microbiota in owl monkeys that have been raised in captivity and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria by gender and social organization. | 2012 | 23278502 |
| co-opted megasatellite dna drives evolution of secondary night vision in azara's owl monkey. | owl monkeys (genus aotus) are the only taxon in simian primates that consists of nocturnal or otherwise cathemeral species. their night vision is superior to that of other monkeys, apes, and humans but not as good as that of typical nocturnal mammals. this incomplete night vision has been used to conclude that these monkeys only secondarily adapted to a nocturnal lifestyle, or to their cathemeral lifestyle that involves high night-time activity. it is known that the rod cells of many nocturnal m ... | 2017 | 28810713 |
| scaling the primate lateral geniculate nucleus: niche and neurodevelopment in the regulation of magnocellular and parvocellular cell number and nucleus volume. | new stereological assessments of lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) neuron numbers and volumes in five new world primates (cebus apella, saguinus midas niger, alouatta caraya, aotus azarae, and callicebus moloch) and compiled lgn volumes for an additional 26 mammals were analyzed for a better understanding of visual system evolution. both the magnocellular (m)- and the parvocellular (p)-cell populations scale allometrically with brain volume in primates, p cells with a significantly higher slope s ... | 2014 | 24222647 |
| effects of habitat structure and fragmentation on diversity and abundance of primates in tropical deciduous forests in bolivia. | habitat structure and anthropogenic disturbance are known to affect primate diversity and abundance. however, researchers have focused on lowland rain forests, whereas endangered deciduous forests have been neglected. we aimed to investigate the relationships between primate diversity and abundance and habitat parameters in 10 deciduous forest fragments southeast of santa cruz, bolivia. we obtained primate data via line-transect surveys and visual and acoustic observations. in addition, we asses ... | 2010 | 20949116 |
| chromosomal localization of the telomeric (ttaggg)n sequence in eight species of new world primates (neotropical primates, platyrrhini). | chromosomal localization of the telomeric sequence (ttaggg)(n) in eight new world primates (platyrrhini) (alouatta caraya, alouatta palliata, alouatta guariba clamitans, aotus azarae, ateles chamek, cebus nigritus, cebus paraguayanus, and saimiri boliviensis) using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with a peptide nucleic acid (pna) pantelomeric probe and their possible relationship with the c-banding pattern were analyzed. fish showed telomeric signals only at the terminal regions of chr ... | 2007 | 18253032 |
| hormonal correlates of development and natal dispersal in wild female owl monkeys (aotus azarae) of argentina. | pair-living and socially monogamous primates typically do not reproduce before dispersing. it is currently unclear whether this reproductive suppression is due to endocrine or behavioral mechanisms. cooperatively breeding taxa, like callitrichids, may forego reproduction in natal groups because they reap inclusive fitness benefits and/or they are avoiding inbreeding. however, neither of these benefits of delayed reproduction appear to adequately explain the lack of reproduction prior to leaving ... | 2017 | 28870603 |
| can colour vision re-evolve? variation in the x-linked opsin locus of cathemeral azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarae azarae). | do evolutionary specializations lead to evolutionary constraint? this appears plausible, particularly when specialization leads to loss of complex adaptations. in the owl monkey lineage, nocturnality clearly arose from a diurnal ancestor. this behavioural shift was accompanied by morphological changes in the eye and orbit and complete loss of colour vision via missense mutations in the gene encoding the short-wave sensitive visual pigment (sws opsin). interestingly, at least one subspecies of ow ... | 2016 | 26913052 |
| oxytocin receptor gene sequences in owl monkeys and other primates show remarkable interspecific regulatory and protein coding variation. | the oxytocin (ot) hormone pathway is involved in numerous physiological processes, and one of its receptor genes (oxtr) has been implicated in pair bonding behavior in mammalian lineages. this observation is important for understanding social monogamy in primates, which occurs in only a small subset of taxa, including azara's owl monkey (aotus azarae). to examine the potential relationship between social monogamy and oxtr variation, we sequenced its 5' regulatory (4936bp) and coding (1167bp) reg ... | 2015 | 26025428 |
| correlates of genetic monogamy in socially monogamous mammals: insights from azara's owl monkeys. | understanding the evolution of mating systems, a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than 50 years, requires examining the genetic consequences of mating and the relationships between social systems and mating systems. among pair-living mammals, where genetic monogamy is extremely rare, the extent of extra-group paternity rates has been associated with male participation in infant care, strength of the pair bond and length of the breeding season. this study evaluated the relationship ... | 2014 | 24648230 |
| are rainforest owl monkeys cathemeral? diurnal activity of black-headed owl monkeys, aotus nigriceps, at manu biosphere reserve, peru. | members of the genus aotus are traditionally considered strictly nocturnal, however, in recent years cathemeral habits have been described in a single species of owl monkey, aotus azarai, which occur in the highly seasonal habitat of the argentinean chaco. this finding raises the question as to whether other species of aotus exhibit cathemeral activity in less seasonal habitats. in this study, we observed the diurnal activity of one group of a. nigriceps living in the manu biosphere reserve, per ... | 2014 | 24201468 |
| chemical composition of glandular secretions from a pair-living monogamous primate: sex, age, and gland differences in captive and wild owl monkeys (aotus spp.). | broadening our knowledge of olfactory communication in strictly monogamous systems can inform our understanding of how chemosignals may facilitate social and reproductive behavior between the sexes. compared to other social and mating systems, relatively little is known about olfactory communication in strictly monogamous non-human primates. furthermore, platyrrhines are not well represented in chemical analyses of glandular secretions. we conducted semi-quantitative headspace gas chromatography ... | 2018 | 29473987 |
| the role of intragroup agonism in parent-offspring relationships and natal dispersal in monogamous owl monkeys (aotus azarae) of argentina. | agonistic behaviors are common in many group-living taxa and may serve a variety of functions, ranging from regulating conflicts over reproduction to defending food resources. however, high rates of agonism are not expected to occur among close relatives or individuals in established mating relationships, which are characteristics of monogamous groups. to contribute to our understanding of agonism within socially monogamous groups, we collected behavioral and demographic data from azara's owl mo ... | 2017 | 29034979 |
| antiviral activity of chloroquine against dengue virus type 2 replication in aotus monkeys. | dengue virus (denv) of the flaviviridae family is a single positive-stranded rna virus that is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the objective of this study was to investigate the use of chloroquine (clq) as an antiviral drug against dengue virus in monkeys. to analyze the action of the drug in vivo, nonhuman primates groups (aotus azarai infulatus) were inoculated with a subcutaneous injection of a virulent strain of denv-2, treated and untreated clq. blood hematolog ... | 2015 | 25664975 |
| alpha satellite dna-repeat owlalp1 forms centromeres in azara's owl monkey. | centromeres play crucial roles in faithful chromosome segregation and genome integrity. in simian primates, centromeres possess tandem array of alpha satellite dna (also referred to as alphoid dna). average sizes of alpha satellite repeat units vary between species, for example, 171 bp in human and 343-344 bp in many platyrrhini species (new world monkeys). interestingly, azara's owl monkey (aotus azarae), a platyrrhini species, possesses alpha satellite dna of two distinct unit sizes, owlalp1 ( ... | 2019 | 31095817 |
| dna fingerprinting in three species of neotropical primates. | dna fingerprinting allows the simultaneous detection of a large number of hypervariable loci consisting of highly polymorphic tandem repeat units that are extensively dispersed in the genome. with the 33.6 human minisatellite probe, hypervariable fragments were detected, for the first time, in the genome of three different species of wild-caught neotropical primates: aotus infulatus, aotus azarae, and cebus apella. as in the human, these species were highly polymorphic, showing distinctive, indi ... | 1996 | 31918510 |
| sexual dimorphism in the loud calls of azara's owl monkeys (aotus azarae): evidence of sexual selection? | primates use different types of vocalizations in a variety of contexts. some of the most studied types have been the long distance or loud calls. these vocalizations have been associated with mate defense, mate attraction, and resource defense, and it is plausible that sexual selection has played an important role in their evolution. focusing on identified individuals of known sex and age, we evaluated the sexual dimorphism in a type of loud calls (hoots) in a population of wild owl monkeys (aot ... | 2020 | 31729621 |
| trypanoxyuris atelis and t. atelophora (nematoda: oxyuridae) in wild spider monkeys (ateles geoffroyi) in tropical rain forest in mexico: morphological and molecular evidence. | two species of pinworms, trypanoxyuris atelis and trypanoxyuris atelophora were collected from the black-handed spider monkey (ateles geoffroyi) in several localities across southeastern mexico, representing the first record for both species in mexican primates. identification of pinworm species was based on morphological and molecular data. these pinworms are distinguished from other congeners, and from each other, by the buccal structure, the lateral alae, and the morphology of the oesophagus. ... | 2015 | 25748278 |
| pelvic sexual dimorphism among species monomorphic in body size: relationship to relative newborn body mass. | females have larger pelves than males among eutherians to mitigate obstetrical difficulty. this study addresses 3 issues concerning pelvic sexual dimorphism using 8 species that are sexually monomorphic in nonpelvic size: aotus azarae , castor canadensis , dasypus novemcinctus , hylobates lar , saguinus geoffroyi , sciurus carolinensis , sylvilagus floridanus , and urocyon cinereoargenteus . using published data to compute the index of relative newborn body mass (rnbm = [newborn body mass/adult ... | 2016 | 30302031 |
| susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage from different species of neotropical primates to ex vivo leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi-infection. | this study examined the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophage (pm) from the neotropical primates: callithrix jacchus, callithrix penicillata, saimiri sciureus, aotus azarae infulatus and callimico goeldii to ex vivo leishmania (l.) infantum chagasi-infection, the etiological agent of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl), as a screening assay for evaluating the potential of these non-human primates as experimental models for studying avl. the pm-susceptibility to infection was accessed by the ... | 2012 | 22499423 |