| serologic profile of exotic deer at point reyes national seashore. | serotests were conducted on axis (axis axis) and fallow (dama dama) deer at point reyes national seashore to determine their status with respect to nine diseases enzootic to the native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) or to resident dairy cattle. in the exotic deer, the proportion of animals that were seropositive included: anaplasmosis, 35%; bluetongue, 48%; brucellosis, 0%; bovine viral diarrhea, 2%; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, 3%; leptospirosis, 7%; parainfluenza-3, ... | 1979 | 521370 |
| an outbreak of rinderpest in wild spotted deer (axis axis). | | 1979 | 541114 |
| [natural body resistance in female axis deer]. | | 1978 | 695290 |
| [further studies on the sinus coronarius cordis, vena cordis media and arcus aortae as well as on the ductus (lig.) botalli in various mammalian hearts]. | this study supplements earlier works on the topography of the mammalian heart. the material comprises the hearts of 25 species, 12 of which have not been examined previously. the general morphology of the hearts is briefly dealt with. v. cava cranialis sinistra is preserved in phascolomys and macropus. it is presumably present in all ruminantia, where it has been reduced to the sinus coronarius cordis in perissodactyla. a particular emphasis is laid on the fact that the paired a. carotides and a ... | 1975 | 808440 |
| tuberculosis in a herd of axis deer (axis axis) at whipsnade park. | | 1976 | 941382 |
| parasites and condition of coexisting populations of white-tailed and exotic deer in south-central texas. | we examined the parasites and physical condition of coexisting white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), axis deer (axis axis), fallow deer (dama dama), and sika deer (cervus nippon) on the yo ranch (kerr county, texas, usa) during december 1982 to january 1984. white-tailed deer harbored 12 species of parasites. exotic deer were infected with nine species of parasites. all parasites recovered from exotic deer and white-tailed deer have been reported from white-tailed deer. exotic deer had hig ... | 1992 | 1512889 |
| [the anamnesis as a global strategy with the vestibular patient. a model presentation]. | an anamnesis model for management patient with vertigo or dizziness caused by disturbance of vestibular system were presented. data were sorted in eight axis: axis i (symptoms), axis ii (physical examination), axis iii (electrophysiological findings), axis iv (associate pathology), axis v (laboratory tests), axis vi (psychosocial), axis vii (therapeutic response) and axis viii (familiar antecedents). | 1992 | 1581089 |
| comparison of the effects of dietary fish oils with different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions on plasma and liver lipids in rats. | the effects of dietary fish oils with different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid compositions on plasma lipid profiles in rats have been studied. forty-eight male rats, previously maintained on a cholesterol-free diet for 15 days, were fed for 60 days with diets supplemented with 10% fat of either marine hilsa fish (hilsa ilisa, family clupeidae) or fresh-water chital fish (notopterus chitala, family notopteridae). the diets had similar levels of total saturated (35-41%), monounsaturated (43-47%) ... | 1992 | 1630277 |
| antler cycle and endocrine parameters in male axis deer (axis axis): seasonal levels of lh, fsh, testosterone, and prolactin and results of gnrh and acth challenge tests. | 1. antler cycles of six adult male axis deer of southern texas were relatively well synchronized within the herd. the old antlers were cast from december to march and regenerated antlers polished between march and june. the rutting season occurred in june and july. 2. lh and fsh exhibited little seasonal variation (lh 0.7-1.3 ng/ml; fsh 32-65 ng/ml). prolactin levels were lowest in december (20 ng/ml) and highest in june (115 ng/ml). testosterone concentrations exhibited a distinct seasonal patt ... | 1991 | 1679702 |
| pasteurella multocida-associated septicaemia in a chital deer (axis axis). | | 1991 | 1755788 |
| effect of dietary fish oil on platelet aggregability: comparison between two oils with different eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratio. | rats, acclimatized on a control diet, were fed for 60 days with diets, supplemented with 10% fat of either marine hilsa fish (hilsa ilisa) or fresh-water chital fish (notopterus chitala). the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid in chital oil diet was 0.57 times that of the hilsa oil diet, but the eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratio in the latter (4.08) was 3.2 times that of the former (1.27). otherwise these two diets were comparable in respect to total saturated, monounsaturated and n-3 ... | 1991 | 1804110 |
| haematology and serum biochemistry of captive unsedated chital deer (axis axis) in australia. | haematological and serum biochemical values were measured in blood samples collected over a 12-mo period from 37 unsedated chital deer (axis axis). stags and hinds, ranging in age from birth to maturity, were sampled. haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and haematocrit values were low at birth and sex differences were not apparent in neonates and juveniles, but were in adults. chital stags had higher erythrocyte parameters (p less than 0.001) and lower erythrocyte indices than hinds, and the total le ... | 1991 | 1920658 |
| prevalence of muellerius capillaris in free-ranging spotted deer (cervus axis) in india and its experimental cross-transmission to goats. | a survey to assess the prevalence of parasitic infections among axis deer (cervus axis) in three national parks in india revealed infections with the lungworm muellerius capillaris. clinical signs were not evident in infected animals. therefore, it is suggested that c. axis is probably a carrier of the infection. under laboratory conditions, terrestrial molluscs (macrochalamys sp.) were infected with first stage larvae of m. capillaris collected from fecal pellets of c. axis. feeding of third st ... | 1991 | 2023306 |
| yersiniosis in farmed deer. | samples from 77 chital (axis axis), 42 fallow (dama dama), 26 red (cervus elaphus), 7 rusa (cervus timorensis) and 1 sambar deer (cervus unicolor) were examined. yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed as the cause of death in 6 (23%) of the red and 23 (30%) of the chital deer. yersiniosis was the most common infectious cause of death diagnosed. affected deer were usually found moribund or dead, often with faecal staining of the perineum. gross pathology in chital included a fibrinou ... | 1990 | 2222364 |
| concerted evolution of ruminant stomach lysozymes. characterization of lysozyme cdna clones from sheep and deer. | contradictory evolutionary histories of ruminant lysozymes have been predicted by analysis of genomic blots (irwin, d.m., sidow, a., white, r., and wilson, a.c. (1989) in the immune response to structurally defined proteins: the lysozyme model (smith-gill, s.j., and sercarz, e.e., eds) pp. 73-85, adenine press, guilderland, ny) and sequences of cow stomach lysozyme cdnas (irwin, d.m., and wilson, a.c. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 11387-11393). genomic blots indicate that the amplification of the l ... | 1990 | 2318875 |
| lymphoproliferation in captive wild ruminants affected with malignant catarrhal fever: 25 cases (1977-1985). | the severity of lymphoproliferative disease associated with malignant catarrhal fever was extremely variable among 25 animals at the san diego wild animal park. severe lymphoproliferative disease was seen in 3 of 10 formosan sika deer (cervus nippon taiouanus), 3 of 6 indian axis deer (cervus a axis), 3 of 6 barasingha deer (cervus d duvauceli), and 1 of 3 nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus). two sika deer and 2 barasingha deer had lesions morphologically indistinguishable from lymphosarcoma. our f ... | 1990 | 2329087 |
| seasonal levels of cortisol, triiodothyronine and thyroxine in male axis deer. | 1. seasonal plasma levels of thyroxine (t4), triiodothyronine (t3) and cortisol were investigated between november and june in seven penned male axis deer. 2. no distinct seasonal variation of cortisol has been detected. the levels oscillated between 1 and 5 micrograms/dl. 3. the stress of immobilization and sampling had little effect on cortisol levels. concentrations remained mostly stable in three consecutive samples taken 10 min apart. 4. t3 concentrations were stable between november and ma ... | 1989 | 2566417 |
| helminth parasites of intermingling axis deer, wild swine and domestic cattle from the island of molokai, hawaii. | helminth infections of axis deer (cervus axis), wild swine (sus scrofa) and domestic cattle (bos taurus) were studied among intermingling herds on the puu-o-hoku ranch, molokai, hawaii. twenty-four species of helminths were collected from the 10 deer, 10 swine and 10 cattle. capillaria bovis, cooperia punctata, haemonchus contortus and trichostrongylus axei infected both axis deer and cattle, whereas gongylonema pulchrum infected both axis deer and wild swine. none of the species of helminths oc ... | 1989 | 2716106 |
| evaluation of ventricular function with first-pass iridium-191m radionuclide angiocardiography. | iridium-191m would appear to be a highly useful agent for first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (fpna), with its very short half-life (4.96 sec), dual photopeaks (65 and 129 kev), and high injectable activity levels (greater than 100 mc). in order to compare 191mir fpna to current methods used to define cardiac function, 20 patients referred for cardiac catheterization were studied. count rate data, right ventricular (rv), and left ventricular ejection fraction (lvef), lv and diastolic volum ... | 1989 | 2738675 |
| evidence of paratuberculosis in ohio's white-tailed deer, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and used to detect antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in serum samples obtained in december of 1983 from 954 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in 13 ohio counties. positive or negative status was determined by calculating a signal-to-noise ratio, a ratio between the optical density of the test serum and negative reference sera; a ratio of greater than or equal to 3.0 was considered positive. twenty-four s ... | 1986 | 3099612 |
| [warble flies (hypodermatidae, oestridae) of marals and axis deer of the gorno-altai]. | the paper considers diseases of marals and axis deer caused by warble flies as one of the factors affecting the deer-breeding productivity. data on the infection rate of marals with larvae of hypoderma diana and pharynomyia picta and axis deer with h. diana are given. | 1988 | 3174179 |
| cycles of antler and testicular growth in an aseasonal tropical deer (axis axis). | antler and testicular cycles were studied in a group of free ranging axis deer stags kept out of doors in southern england. within the herd, there was little evidence of a clear seasonal synchrony in the antler cycle. detailed information obtained from 4 stags indicated that there was a fixed relationship between stage of the antler cycle and testis diameter; minimum testis diameter occurred 1-2 months after antler casting whereas maximum testis diameter occurred when stags were in hard antler. ... | 1988 | 3411563 |
| potential role of native and exotic deer and their associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the ecology of lyme disease in california, usa. | the relationship of native columbian black-tailed deer, two species of exotic deer (axis and fallow), and their ticks to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was studied in coastal and inland areas of northern california, usa. spirochetemias were detected in 27% of black-tailed deer, 50% of axis deer, and 56% of fallow deer collected in late fall and winter. antibody prevalence was 38% in black-tailed deer, 24% in fallow deer, and 6% in axis deer. one to 3 tick species were collect ... | 1986 | 3554845 |
| perinatal mortality and season of birth in captive wild ungulates. | the magnitude of perinatal mortality in 50 species of captive wild ungulates born at the zoological society of london's collections at regent's park and whipsnade between 1975 and 1985 is reviewed. thirty-five per cent of 2471 ungulates born during this 11 year period died before six months old and most deaths occurred in the first week after birth. similar findings have been reported at other zoos and in the wild. the seasonal distribution of births is described in 43 species. significantly hig ... | 1987 | 3590601 |
| finite centroid and helical axis estimation from noisy landmark measurements in the study of human joint kinematics. | recent work on joint kinematics indicates that the finite centroid (centre of rotation) and the finite helical axis (axis of rotation, screw axis, twist axis) are highly susceptible to measurement errors when they are experimentally determined from landmark position data. this paper presents an analytical model to describe these effects, under isotropic conditions for the measurement errors and for the spatial landmark distribution. it appears that the position and direction errors are inversely ... | 1985 | 4008508 |
| normal haematological values of axis deer (axis axis), père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus) and barasingha (cervus duvauceli). | full blood counts and fibrinogen estimations were carried out on a number of clinically normal adult axis deer (axis axis), père david's deer (elaphus davidianus) and barasingha (cervus duvauceli). apart from the finding of higher total red cell counts and a lower mean red cell volume in axis deer than in père david's deer and barasingha, there was little interspecies variation. some individual père david's deer showed eosinophilia, thought to be associated with subclinical intestinal nematode i ... | 1985 | 4070791 |
| some bacterial diseases of spotted deer (axis axis). | | 1987 | 2885962 |
| histopathological changes in the liver of a spotted deer (axis axis) infected with fasciola gigantica. | | 1969 | 5813688 |
| experimental infection of captive axis deer with brucella abortus. | four captive-raised axis deer, axis axis (erxleben), which were negative serologically to brucella were inoculated with 1 x 10(8) virulent brucella abortus biotype 1 organisms (texas #221 isolate) administered bilaterally into the conjunctival sac. sera collected from each deer prior to inoculation and 30 days post-inoculation (pi) were examined for brucella antibodies by the buffered brucella antigen (card), the rivanol precipitation, the standard tube agglutination, and the cold complement fix ... | 1984 | 6436518 |
| [biology of paramphistomum petrowi--a parasite of axis deer in the maritime territory]. | experiments have shown that developmental period of eggs of p. petrowi under humid conditions depends directly on temperature. at 30 c their development is over in 8, at 26-27 c in 14 and at 18.5 c in 40 days. under natural conditions at daily average temperature of 17.5 c the hatching of miracidia occurred in 52 days. intermediate host of this trematode in a zone of park deer breeding is a freshwater mollusc of the family planorbidae, anisus minusculus. the development of parthenites in the int ... | 1983 | 6622060 |
| carcinoma of the mucosa of the ethmoid in the deer (axis axis). | | 1982 | 7090147 |
| mortality in chital deer (axis axis) | | 1980 | 7436953 |
| viral particles associated with malignant catarrhal fever in deer. | viral particles associated with malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and axis deer (asix axis) are described. morphologically, the virus resembled the togaviruses and was unlike the herpesvirus which causes wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever (snotsiekte). | 1976 | 945706 |
| xylazine-induced sedation in axis deer (axis axis) and its reversal by atipamezole. | eight free-ranging axis deer (axis axis) were captured in drive nets and injected with xylazine (3.4 +/- 0.1 mg/kg; mean +/- sem) intramuscularly using a hand-held syringe. xylazine induced complete immobilization and sedation in three animals, heavy sedation in three, and moderate sedation in two. the mean induction time was 10.4 +/- 1.0 min. the mean rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates of immobilized animals were 39.2 +/- 0.4 degrees c, 75.5 +/- 6.5 beats/min and 62.1 +/- 4.2 breat ... | 1993 | 8105603 |
| characteristics of the oestrous cycle and duration of gestation in chital hinds (axis axis). | duration of oestrous cycle and gestation, and characteristics of postpartum oestrus of chital hinds are described. mean duration of the oestrus cycle of chital hinds was 19.3 +/- 1.3 days, with a range of 17-21 days. serum progesterone profiles are shown, with minimum progesterone concentrations near oestrus less than 2.7 nmol l-1, and maximum luteal values 16-26 nmol l-1. mean duration of gestation was 234.5 +/- 3.0 days (n = 17). | 1993 | 8345466 |
| descriptive epidemiology of captive cervid herds in michigan, usa. | a study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in michigan. this is the first description of cervid farming in the united states. data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from march 3 through june 28, 1993. completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4972 (80.9%) ... | 1997 | 9208449 |
| existence of a bovine line repetitive insert that appears in the cdna of bovine protein bcnt in ruminant, but not in human, genomes. | a novel protein, bcnt, originally isolated from bovine brain and named after bucentaur, contains an internal portion that is translated from part of bovine line repetitive sequence (bov-b line). human cdna highly homologous to the bovine bcnt (bbcnt) cdna has been isolated but does not contain a sequence similar to the bov-b line insert (nobukuni, t., kobayashi, m., omori, a., ichinose, s., iwanaga, t., takahashi, i., hashimoto, k., hattori, s., kaibuchi, k., miyata, y., masui, t., iwashita, s., ... | 1998 | 9602175 |
| the transepicondylar axis approximates the optimal flexion axis of the knee. | the traditional understanding of knee kinematics holds that no single fixed axis of rotation exists in the knee. in contrast, a recent hypothesis suggests that knee kinematics are better described simply as two simultaneous rotations occurring about fixed axes. knee flexion and extension occurs about an optimal flexion axis fixed in the femur, whereas tibial internal and external rotations occur about a longitudinal rotation axis fixed in the tibia. no other translations or rotations exist. this ... | 1998 | 9917674 |
| hybridization between sika deer (cervus nippon) and axis deer (axis axis). | we report an incidence of hybridization from natural mating between sika deer (cervus nippon) and axis deer (axis axis). a female exhibiting physical characteristics intermediate between the two species was born on a tennessee deer farm sometime in 1995. gel electrophoresis of three blood proteins (tf, hbb, and sod) from the putative hybrid, the putative sika deer sire and three axis deer hinds from the herd (not necessarily including the dam) initially verified that hybridization had occurred. ... | 1999 | 9987933 |
| rumen ciliates of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), axis deer (axis axis), sika deer (cervus nippon) and fallow deer (dama dama) from texas. | samples of rumen contents from 33 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), 31 axis deer (axis axis), 26 sika deer (cervus nippon), and 25 fallow deer (dama dama) were collected from four study areas in central texas. the geometric mean concentration of total protozoa was 50.2 x 10(4) per ml, with no differences between species (p > 0.36). white-tailed deer had a higher percentage of entodinium and lower percentage of diplodiniinae (p < 0.01) than the other deer species, which were not differe ... | 1999 | 10361734 |
| effects of repeated fluoxetine on anxiety-related behaviours, central serotonergic systems, and the corticotropic axis axis in shr and wky rats. | in keeping with the anxiolytic property of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris) in humans, we have examined in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (shr) and the wistar-kyoto (wky) rat, which display low and high anxiety, respectively, some psychoneuroendocrine effects of a repeated treatment with the ssri fluoxetine (5 or 10 mg/kg daily, for 3 weeks). two days after the last injection, plasma levels of fluoxetine were not detectable whereas those of its metabolite, norfluoxetine, were ... | 1999 | 10465693 |
| sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a petting zoo. | in a privately owned petting zoo in arizona, 17 deer from five different species, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reeve's muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and axis deer (axis axis), died of suspected malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) over a period from late 1992 to early 1995. a pcr assay specific for ovine herpesvirus 2, the putative causative agent of sheep-associated mcf, and a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorb ... | 1999 | 10572865 |
| basic hematological values in some wild ruminants in captivity. | analyses of hematological parameters were carried out on eight axis deer (cervus axis), 12 fallow deer (cervus dama), 16 red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), three sambar (cervus unicolor), nine père david deer (elaphurus davidianus), 20 european bison (bison bonasus), seven nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus), eight mouflon (ovis musimon), four white-bearded gnu (connochaetes taurinus) and six barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia). the following parameters were determined: packed cell volume, hemogl ... | 1999 | 10629960 |
| reproductive cycles of farmed female chital deer (axis axis). | studies were conducted on chital deer hinds (axis axis) living in a temperate region to advance the understanding of the patterns of reproduction of a tropical cervid species. the hinds exhibited regular patterns of oestrus cyclicity throughout the year as evidenced by concentrations of serum progesterone monitored over a 14-month period, and detection of behavioural oestrus by vasectomized stags. the mean length of the oestrous cycle was 18.0+/-0.7 days (range, 12-23 days). profiles of serum pr ... | 1999 | 10864173 |
| predictive validity of the physical disorders axis of the dsm multiaxial diagnostic system. | this paper reports on the predictive validity of the physical disorders axis (axis iii) of the dsm multiaxial diagnostic system at 3-year follow-up. a total of 515 general psychiatric patients were assessed with a semistructured procedure that covers all dsm-iii diagnoses and axes, and were subsequently followed up for 3 years. outcome was assessed with several measures of adaptive functioning. baseline axis iii was analyzed according to a) presence of any physical disorder, b) the number of the ... | 2001 | 11504320 |
| homology, limbs, and genitalia. | similarities in genetic control between the main body axis and its appendages have been generally explained in terms of genetic co-option. in particular, arthropod and vertebrate appendages have been explained to invoke a common ancestor already provided with patterned body outgrowths or independent recruitment in limb patterning of genes or genetic cassettes originally used for purposes other than axis patterning. an alternative explanation is that body appendages, including genitalia, are evol ... | 2002 | 12004961 |
| development of pcr assay for differentiation of some important wild animal meat of sri lanka. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to differentiate meat of ceylon spotted deer (axis axis ceylonensis), ceylon hog deer (a. porcius oryzus), ceylon sambhur (cervus unicolor unicolor) and barking deer (muntiacus muntijak malabaricus) from meat of cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog and sheep. a set of primers was designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of c. elaphus canadensis and by pcr amplification about 450 bp band was observed for all four an ... | 2002 | 12420866 |
| leptospirosis in spotted deer. | | 1961 | 14040135 |
| hematological study of indian spotted deer (axis deer). | | 1964 | 14131457 |
| identification by r-banding and fish of chromosome arms involved in robertsonian translocations in several deer species. | we constructed and analyzed the rbg-banded karyotype of five deer species: chital (axis axis), white-lipped deer (cervus albirostris), rusa deer (cervus timorensis russa), sambar deer (cervus unicolor) and eld's deer (cervus eldi siamensis). among these five species, only eld's deer had been previously karyotyped using r-banding. in order to identify all the chromosome correspondences with cattle and precisely which chromosome arms are involved in robertsonian translocations, we compared the kar ... | 2003 | 14606627 |
| effect of anaerobic fungi on in vitro feed digestion by mixed rumen microflora of buffalo. | five strains of anaerobic fungi isolated from the faeces of wild (hog deer, cervus porcinus; blackbuck, antelope cervicapra; spotted deer, axis axis; nilgai, baselophus tragocamelus) and rumen liquor of domestic (sheep, ovies aries) ruminants showing high fibrolytic enzyme producing ability were added to mixed rumen microflora of buffalo to study their effect on the digestibility of lignocellulosic feed (wheat straw and wheat bran in the ratio of 80:20), enzyme production and fermentation end pr ... | 2004 | 15535463 |
| sarcocystosis of chital-dhole: conditions for evolutionary stability of a predator parasite mutualism. | for parasites with a predator-prey life cycle, the completion of the life cycle often depends on consumption of parasitized prey by the predator. in the case of such parasite species the predator and the parasite have common interests and therefore a mutualistic relationship is possible. some evidence of a predator-parasite mutualism was reported from spotted deer or chital (axix axis) as a prey species, dhole or indian wild-dog (cuon alpinus) as the predator and a protozoan (sarcocystis axicuon ... | 2005 | 15723710 |
| paratuberculosis in cattle and free-living exotic deer. | paratuberculosis was studied among dairy cows and exotic deer that shared grazing areas at point reyes national seashore, california. of the 10 dairy herds tested, 5 (50%) were infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis (based on results of fecal culture). mycobacterium paratuberculosis was cultured from 9 (8.7%) of the 103 bovine fecal samples and from 4 (3.9%) of the 103 bovine rectal mucosa scapings tested. of 89 fecal samples from 52 axis deer (axis axis) and 37 fallow deer (dama dama), 5 ... | 1979 | 500426 |
| polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of is6110 sequences to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of deer (axis axis). | | 2007 | 17180452 |
| anesthesia induced by administration of xylazine hydrochloride alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and reversal by administration of yohimbine hydrochloride in captive axis deer (axis axis). | to determine the anesthetic dose and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine hydrochloride when used alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and evaluate the efficacy of yohimbine hydrochloride to reverse anesthetic effects in captive axis deer. | 2007 | 17199414 |
| haematology and serum biochemistry of chital (axis axis) and barking deer (muntiacus muntjak) reared in semi-captivity. | haematological and serum biochemical values of clinical significance that could serve as reference data for deer kept in captivity were measured for chital (axis axis) and barking deer (muntiacus muntjak). the venous blood from four each of chital and barking deer (n = 8) reared in semi-captivity was collected after proper restraint of the animals. the mean blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leukocyte count of all the eight deer of the two species were 15.90 ... | 2007 | 17294264 |
| anesthesia of male axis deer (axis axis): evaluation of thiafentanil, medetomidine, and ketamine versus medetomidine and ketamine. | thiafentanil oxalate, previously known as a-3080, is a synthetic opioid used for chemical immobilization of a variety of nondomestic hoofstock species. this study compared the combination of thiafentanil oxalate, medetomidine, and ketamine (tmk; 0.09 +/- 0.02 mg/kg, 0.01 +/- 0.003 mg/kg, and 1.36 +/- 0.33 mg/kg, respectively) with the combination of medetomidine and ketamine (mk; 0.09 +/- 0.02 mg/kg and 3.48 +/- 0.55 mg/kg, respectively) for anesthetization of 17 captive male axis deer (axis axi ... | 2006 | 17315436 |
| [association analysis between snps of the growth hormone gene and antler production in spotted deer]. | we report the effects of candidate gene growth hormone (gh) gene on antler production in the current study. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the gh gene were identified and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analysis and dna sequencing in a deer population from the farm of jilin agricultural university. correlation analysis between gh polymorphisms and antler production was carried out using the appropriate mixed model. ... | 2007 | 17369156 |
| seasonal variations in semen characteristics, semen cryopreservation, estrus synchronization, and successful artificial insemination in the spotted deer (axis axis). | ten adult male spotted deer were monitored over a 2-year interval to determine seasonal variations in testicular size, semen characteristics and serum testosterone concentrations, and to determine if there was an association between season and type of antler. mean (+/-s.e.m.) testicular volume (118.8+/-4.6 cm(3)), serum testosterone concentration (1.2+/-0.1 ng/ml), semen volume (4.1+/-0.6 ml), sperm concentration (338.3+/-24.9 x 10(6) ml(-1)), percentage of morphologically normal sperm (79.1+/-2 ... | 2007 | 17383719 |
| on a species of lipoptena (diptera, hippoboscidae, melophaginae) from indian spotted deer and hog deer. | | 1969 | 5780489 |
| development of a management program for a mixed species wildlife park following an occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever. | during late 2001 and early 2002, a mixed species wildlife park in north carolina experienced an acute outbreak of morbidity and mortality in pere david's deer (elaphurus davidianus), axis deer (axis axis), blackbuck antelope (antelope cervicapra), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus). clinical signs varied from fulminant disease, progressing from depression to bloody scours to death in fewer than 4 days in pere david's deer, to a more protracted for ... | 2008 | 18817000 |
| [comparison of different optical techniques for determination of the dimensions of anterior ocular segment]. | the evaluation of the anterior ocular chamber sections along the optical axis/axis of vision has been carried out using single-line partial coherence interferometry for many years. now, new technologies such as the scheimpflug-technique of the pentacam (oculus optikgeräte gmbh, wetzlar) and the optical coherence tomography of the visante oct (carl zeiss meditec ag, jena) allow the two-dimensional imaging of the anterior ocular segment in addition to goniometry and ultrasonic biomicroscopy. patie ... | 2009 | 19449280 |
| sequence characterization and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial dna 12s rrna gene provides a method for species identification of indian deer. | characterization of species-specific molecular markers and development of a method for identification of indian deer species is necessary to monitor illegal trade of parts and products for better conservation and management of the endangered species. in this investigation, we characterized the 12s rrna gene sequence for differentiation of indian deer species and developed a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp)-based method for their identification. univer ... | 2008 | 19462513 |
| conservative motor systems, behavioral modulation and neural plasticity. | neural plasticity is a term that encompasses a vast array of changes in the nervous system in response to a wide range of environmental disturbances. the conservative manner in which nervous systems produce behavior is explored in the act of scratching the head. whether the scratching is done with the hind leg (flamingos and axis deer) or the hand (spider monkey), it is shown that, when scratching their heads, animals follow a simple rule to avoid making multiple movements simultaneously with di ... | 2010 | 20441780 |
| intake and utilization of sorghum and maize green fodder in spotted deer under captivity. | the feeding value and nutritional adequacy of two cereal fodder, viz. sorghum (sorghum vulgare) and maize (zea mays), were evaluated in spotted deer (axis axis) and compared with that in sheep in two consecutive feeding trials of 35 days each. | 2010 | 20505991 |
| mycobacterium bovis infection in wild axis deer in hawaii. | | 1974 | 4613727 |
| internal rotation: single diagonalization approach versus standard approaches, application to the methyl peroxy radical a~?x~ transition. | a new approach avoiding double (two-step) diagonalization is proposed to deal with internal rotation. the development of this method was stimulated by the jet-cooled high resolution spectrum of the vibrationless a~?x~ transition of the deuterated species of the methyl peroxy radical. this spectrum, originally analyzed with a rigid rotor hamiltonian including spin-rotation but neglecting internal rotation, has been revisited in the previous paper (p. dupre´, j. chem. phys. 134, 244308 (2011)) and ... | 2011 | 21721632 |
| occurrence and pathology of gongylonema infection in captive wild herbivores. | gongylonema infection in 11 captive wild herbivores out of 214 animals (5.14%) was recorded at post mortem examination. species of animals affected were spotted deer (6.06%), sambar (7.14%), mouse deer (16.66%), nilgai (11.76%), serow (16.66%) and giraffe (20.0%). the affected areas showed fibrinous inflammation. on scanning electron microscopic study, destruction and disruption of the epithelium were noted, and cuticular bosses originating from the anterior tip of the parasite were observed. | 1994 | 8030183 |
| development of novel heminested pcr assays based on mitochondrial 16s rrna gene for identification of seven pecora species. | characterization of molecular markers and the development of better assays for precise and rapid detection of wildlife species are always in demand. this study describes a set of seven novel heminested pcr assays using specific primers designed based on species-specific polymorphism at the mitochondrial 16s rrna gene for identification of blackbuck, goral, nilgai, hog deer, chital, sambar and thamin deer. | 2005 | 16095528 |
| molecular characterization of mycobacterium orygis isolates from wild animals of nepal. | mycobacterium orygis, a new member of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, was isolated from a captive spotted deer (axis axis) and a blue bull (boselaphus tragocamelus) in nepal. analyses by spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number of tandem repeats (miru-vntr) typing, region of difference and single nucleotide polymorphism of genes gyrb, mmpl6, tbd1, ppe55 and rv2042c confirmed the isolates as m. orygis. moreover, analyses by spoligotyping (sit587) as well ... | 2015 | 26563034 |
| neospora caninum in axis deer ( axis axis ) and fallow deer ( dama dama ) in northern mexico. | serum samples from 18 axis deer ( axis axis ) and 19 fallow deer ( dama dama ) were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for neospora caninum antibodies. two axis (11%) and two fallow deer (11%) were positive for n. caninum antibodies. | 2017 | 27669010 |
| neospora caninum is a cause of perinatal mortality in axis deer (axis axis). | neospora caninum is a worldwide distributed protozoan that may cause neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive failure in domestic and wild ruminants. one axis fawn (axis axis) and four neonates from the same deer herd died at a zoo in argentina within a four-month period. the fawn presented with dilatation of the anal sphincter at birth and incontinence, developed weakness and ataxia and died at 14 days of age. at necropsy, a mega formation of the distal large intestine was observed. micro ... | 2014 | 24295954 |
| echinococcus and taenia spp. from captive mammals in the united kingdom. | taeniid tapeworms which include echinococcus and taenia spp. are obligatory parasites of mammals with pathogenicity usually related to the larval stages of the life cycle. two species (or genotypes) of echinococcus, e. granulosus sensu stricto and e. equinus, as well as several taenia spp. are endemic in the uk. here we report on the occurrence of larval cystic stages of echinococcus and taenia spp. in captive mammals in the uk. using molecular techniques we have identified e. granulosus (g1 gen ... | 2012 | 22763348 |
| effect of concentrate supplementation on feed consumption, nutrient utilization and blood metabolite profile in captive spotted deer (axis axis) fed oat (avena sativa) and berseem (trifolium alexandrinum) fodders based diet. | this experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize-soybean meal-wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder-based diet. twelve adult spotted deer [64-76 kg body weight (bw)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. a diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. the animal in group i received no supplementary concentra ... | 2013 | 23349033 |
| molecular detection and identification of piroplasms in sika deer (cervus nippon) from jilin province, china. | piroplasmosis is an important disease of domestic animals and wildlife and is caused by organisms from the genera theileria and babesia. wildlife such as sika deer play an important role as reservoir hosts for several species of theileria and babesia. using blood samples collected from sika deer, we investigated the epidemiology of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in sika deer from jilin province in china and identified those species that cause pathogenic infections in sika deer. | 2016 | 26984286 |
| tick-borne diseases in syntopic populations of fallow deer (dama dama) and axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. | we harvested 21 fallow deer (dama dama) and 17 axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. two fallow deer were positive for babesia bigemina and one for babesia bovis. amplicons had the expected 170 and 291 base pairs and were identical to b. bigemina (s45366) and b. bovis (m38218), respectively. | 2015 | 25647599 |
| the middle pleistocene vertebrate fauna from khok sung (nakhon ratchasima, thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications. | the fluviatile terrace deposits of khok sung, nakhon ratchasima province, have yielded more than one thousand fossils, making this the richest pleistocene vertebrate fauna of thailand. the excellent preservation of the specimens allows precise characterization of the faunal composition. the mammalian fauna consists of fifteen species in thirteen genera, including a primate, a canid, a hyaenid, proboscideans, rhinoceroses, a suid, cervids, and bovids. most species correspond to living taxa but gl ... | 2016 | 27667928 |
| prevalence of parasitic infection in captive wild animals in bir moti bagh mini zoo (deer park), patiala, punjab. | the study was conducted to know the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of captive wild animals at bir moti bagh mini zoo (deer park), patiala, punjab. | 2016 | 27397973 |
| rusa alfredi papillomavirus 1 - a novel deltapapillomavirus inducing endemic papillomatosis in the endangered visayan spotted deer. | we describe a novel papillomavirus - rusa alfredi papillomavirus 1 (ralpv1) - which causes endemic fibropapillomatosis in the european conservation breeding population of the highly endangered visayan spotted deer (rusa alfredi). degenerated papillomavirus-specific primers were used to amplify and sequence parts of the viral dna. subsequently, the complete genomic dna was cloned and the sequence was determined. the ralpv1 genome has a length of 8029 bp, encodes the early proteins e6, e7, e1, e2 ... | 2016 | 26555294 |
| a generalized analytical compliance model for cartwheel flexure hinges. | normal cartwheel flexure hinge (ncfh) typically consists of two flexible springs crossing at their mid points. these have been used in compliant mechanism applications owing to the large motion range of such hinges. in this paper, a novel generalized cartwheel flexure hinge (gcfh) is proposed by modifying spring number and varying the angle between two springs on the basis of the ncfh. a 6 degrees of freedom (6-dof) compliance model of the gcfh was derived. validity of this model was demonstrate ... | 2015 | 26520977 |
| wildlife in the matrix: spatio-temporal patterns of herbivore occurrence in karnataka, india. | wildlife reserves are becoming increasingly isolated from the surrounding human-dominated landscapes particularly in asia. it is imperative to understand how species are distributed spatially and temporally in and outside reserves, and what factors influence their occurrence. this study surveyed 7500 km(2) landscape surrounding five reserves in the western ghats to examine patterns of occurrence of five herbivores: elephant, gaur, sambar, chital, and pig. species distributions are modeled spatio ... | 2016 | 26319143 |
| [socio-demographic, clinical and criminological features of a population discharged from forensic hospital and admitted to neuropsychiatric clinic, in scheme of restriction of freedom]. | over the past twenty years, in italy there has been an intense debate that has focused on the function, and overcoming the limits of the institution judicial psychiatric hospital (ospedale psichiatrico giudiziario - opg). although the contribution of legislative proposals, conferences and workshops on the opg subject has received significant, the interest focused on the development and elaboration of criminological and epidemiological research on a national scale has been proportionately less im ... | 2016 | 25424336 |
| the arteries of brain base in species of the cervid family. | the aim of the article was to describe the pattern of main arteries at the encephalon base, their connections, and varieties. this study included 106 specimens of the head and cerebral arteries of the following eight species of the cervid family: reindeer, chital, eld's deer, wapiti, sika deer, fallow deer, pere david's deer or milu, and reeve's or chinese muntjac. the arteries of the animals under study were filled with acetone-dissolved stained vinyl superchloride or stained latex lbs3060. the ... | 2015 | 25399744 |
| the islands are different: human perceptions of game species in hawaii. | hawaii's game animals are all non-native species, which provokes human-wildlife conflict among stakeholders. the management of human-wildlife conflict in hawaii is further complicated by the discrete nature of island communities. our goal was to understand the desires and perceived values or impacts of game held by residents of hawaii regarding six game species [pigs (sus scrofa), goats (capra hircus), mouflon (ovis musimon), axis deer (axis axis), turkeys (melagris gallopavo), and doves (geopel ... | 2014 | 25129387 |
| maintenance crude protein requirement of penned female korean spotted deer (cervus nippon). | this study was conducted to evaluate the protein requirement for maintenance of 2-year-old female korean spotted deer. in the course of the experiment, each of three hand-reared female spotted deer was fed three diets that were iso-calorically formulated to contain low (approximately 7%), medium (12%), and high (17%) levels of crude protein (cp). each of six trials included a 5-day transition, a 10-day preliminary, and a 7-day collection period. dietary protein levels affected the apparent diges ... | 2014 | 25049923 |
| arterial thoracic vascularization in some deer species: pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus), brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) and axis deer (axis axis). | in this study, the arterial distributions of the aortic arches of three deer species (axis axis, ozotoceros bezoarticus and mazama gouazoubira) were described. the animals were dissected immediately after being found dead. latex injection method was used to observe the vascularization of the thorax. the branching pattern of the arteries of the thoracic aorta in o. bezoarticus was similar to domestic ruminants. in the m. gouazoubira and a. axis, there were no bicarotid trunk. interestingly, the f ... | 2014 | 24611999 |
| anatomical study of the gastrointestinal tract in free-living axis deer (axis axis). | the macroscopic anatomy of the stomach and intestines of adult axis deer (axis axis), a cervid species considered intermediate/mixed feeder, was observed and recorded. nine adult wild axis deers of both sexes were used and studied by simple dissection. the ruminal papillae were distributed unevenly in the overall area of the inner surface of rumen and primarily were more large and abundant within the atrium. the ruminal pillars had no papillae. there was an additional ruminal pillar located betw ... | 2015 | 24597790 |
| sequence characterization of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene in mouse deer (moschiola indica) for pcr-rflp based species identification. | mitochondrial 12s rrna has proven to be a useful molecular marker for better conservation and management of the endangered species. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) of the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene has proven to be a reliable and efficient tool for the identification of different indian deer species of family cervidae. in the present study, mitochondrial 12s rrna gene sequence of mouse deer (moschiola indica) belonging to the family tragulidae was c ... | 2013 | 24455258 |
| photoprotection of evergreen and drought-deciduous tree leaves to overcome the dry season in monsoonal tropical dry forests in thailand. | in tropical dry forests, uppermost-canopy leaves of evergreen trees possess the ability to use water more conservatively compared with drought-deciduous trees, which may result from significant differences in the photoprotective mechanisms between functional types. we examined the seasonal variations in leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and the amounts of photosynthetic pigments within lamina of the uppermost-canopy leaves of three drought-deciduous trees (vitex peduncularis wall., xyl ... | 2014 | 24336612 |
| regulation of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone transcription by elevated glucocorticoids. | negative glucocorticoid feedback is essential for preventing the deleterious effects of excessive hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis axis activation, with an important target being crh transcription in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. the aim of these studies was to determine whether glucocorticoids repress crh transcription directly in crh neurons, by examining glucocorticoid effects on glucocorticoid receptor (gr)-crh promoter interaction and the activation of proteins required for c ... | 2013 | 24065704 |
| evaluation of codon biology in citrus and poncirus trifoliata based on genomic features and frame corrected expressed sequence tags. | citrus, as one of the globally important fruit trees, has been an object of interest for understanding genetics and evolutionary process in fruit crops. meta-analyses of 19 citrus species, including 4 globally and economically important citrus sinensis, citrus clementina, citrus reticulata, and 1 citrus relative poncirus trifoliata, were performed. we observed that codons ending with a- or t- at the wobble position were preferred in contrast to c- or g- ending codons, indicating a close associat ... | 2013 | 23315666 |
| mortality of a captive axis deer (axis axis) and a llama (lama glama) due to ingestion of wedelia glauca. | the current study describes a naturally occurring cluster of cases of wedelia glauca intoxication. seven of 14 axis deer (axis axis) and 1 of 8 llamas (lama glama) in a zoo of buenos aires province, argentina, died suddenly after ingestion of a new batch of alfalfa (medicago sativa) hay bales contaminated with the hepatotoxic plant w. glauca. necropsies of 1 deer and 1 llama were performed. pathological findings in both animals included severe diffuse acute centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis ... | 2012 | 22977113 |
| can rare positive interactions become common when large carnivores consume livestock? | livestock populations in protected areas are viewed negatively because of their interaction with native ungulates through direct competition for food resources. however, livestock and native prey can also interact indirectly through their shared predator. indirect interactions between two prey species occur when one prey modifies either the functional or numerical responses of a shared predator. this interaction is often manifested as negative effects (apparent competition) on one or both prey s ... | 2012 | 22624309 |
| noninvasive assessment of gastrointestinal parasites infection in free-ranging wild herbivores and adjoining livestock of panna tiger reserve, madhya pradesh, india. | this study was conducted to know the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of free-ranging wild herbivores and adjoining livestock of panna tiger reserve, madhya pradesh, india. | 2017 | 28831216 |
| prevalence of chromosome anomalies in a deer farm with fertility decline in malaysia. | a number of factors are known to reduce fertility rate in animals and one of the important categories of such factors is chromosome anomalies. they can occur with or without causing phenotypic abnormalities on animals; in some cases, they may directly affect meiosis, gametogenesis and the viability of conceptus. in many instances, balanced structural rearrangements can be transmitted to offspring, affecting fertility in subsequent generations. | 2020 | 32670608 |
| penetrating injuries following spotted deer axis axis ceylonensis attack. | the spotted deer axis axis is a cervidae mammal that lives in most parts of southeast asia. spotted deer attacks on humans are scarcely reported in the literature and are a rare phenomenon. a 31-y-old man was attacked by an unprovoked male spotted deer while supervising maintenance inside a deer enclosure. the victim received deep lacerations in the lower limbs and puncture wounds in the chest and abdomen. the victim made a full recovery after prompt management at a tertiary care hospital. the p ... | 2020 | 32981829 |
| molecular characterization of blastocystis sp. in captive wildlife in bangladesh national zoo: non-human primates with high prevalence and zoonotic significance. | blastocystis sp. is a protozoan parasite, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans globally. the parasitic species has wide genetic diversity. currently the mammalian and avian isolates of the parasite are grouped into 17 well known subtypes (sts), of which ten (st1-st9, st12) are reported in humans. to assess the genetic diversity of blastocystis sp. in wildlife, a total of 200 fresh fecal samples were collected from 32 mammalian wildlife species in bangladesh nationa ... | 2019 | 31867211 |
| rapid molecular assays for species and sex identification of swamp deer and other coexisting cervids in human-dominated landscapes of the terai region and upper gangetic plains, northern india: implications in understanding species distribution and population parameters. | burgeoning pressures of habitat loss is a major cause of herbivore decline across india, forcing them to coexist with humans in non-protected areas. their conservation in such landscapes is challenging due to paucity of ecological and demographic information. the northern subspecies of swamp deer, rucervus duvaucelii duvaucelii, is one such herbivore that lives across human dominated landscapes in terai region and upper gangetic plains of north india. here, we describe species-specific molecular ... | 2019 | 31204725 |
| spatio-temporal partitioning and coexistence between leopard (panthera pardus fusca) and asiatic lion (panthera leo persica) in gir protected area, gujarat, india. | time and space are essential niche dimensions along which species tend to coexist. we assessed spatiotemporal resource partitioning between leopards and lions and hypothesized the differential use of spatiotemporal resources by leopards with respect to lions. we used a systematic camera trap survey to collect the data at 50 sites. the data were analyzed using overlap indices, and non-parametric test statistics to assess the spatiotemporal associations. leopard and lion were crepuscular and noctu ... | 2020 | 32160193 |
| spatially explicit density and its determinants for asiatic lions in the gir forests. | asiatic lions (panthera leo persica) are an icon of conservation success, yet their status is inferred from total counts that cannot account for detection bias and double counts. with an effort of 4,797 km in 725 km2 of western gir protected area, india, we used polygon search based spatially explicit capture recapture framework to estimate lion density. using vibrissae patterns and permanent body marks we identified 67 lions from 368 lion sightings. we conducted distance sampling on 35 transect ... | 2020 | 32074110 |