| foot and mouth disease in gayals (bos gaurus frontalis) in calcutta zoo. | a brief description is given of an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in gayals (bos gaurus frontalis) which occurred in calcutta zoo in october 1990. four of the five affected animals died within ten days of onset of the disease. the disease did not spread to other animals in the zoo. | 1992 | 1472725 |
| haemoglobin, serum albumin and transferrin variants of bali (banteng) cattle, bos (bibos) javanicus. | 1. individual blood samples from 144 bali (banteng) cattle [bos (bibos) javanicus] in the northern territory of australia and from 61 bali cross cattle, were examined by zone electrophoresis to determine the variants of haemoglobin, serum albumin and transferrin that are present. 2. of the common cattle haemoglobin variants (a and b) only variant b occurs in the bali cattle samples. a second variant, designated cbali, occurs in bali cattle either as the heterozygote (b cbali) or as the homozygot ... | 1990 | 2344736 |
| mithun cross siri hybrids: cyto- and immunogenetic examinations and characterisation of abnormal spermatogenesis. | cytogenetic studies of the mithun (bos frontalis), the siri (bos indicus) and their hybrids, as well as histological examinations of testes and epididymis of siri and hybrids were undertaken to throw further light on male hybrid infertility and interspecies incompatibility, in order to facilitate the possible development of a stable interspecies crossbreed which would be similar to the highly profitable jatsum, the female mithun cross siri hybrid. in both species there are distinct centromeric h ... | 1988 | 3222559 |
| genetic characterisation of the mithun (bos frontalis) and studies of spermatogenesis, blood groups and haemoglobins of its hybrids with bos indicus. | the mithun (bos frontalis) and its hybrids with bos indicus were studied to provide further cytogenetic information which might throw light on the mechanisms of the male hybrid infertility and facilitate the establishment of a stable crossbreed. it was shown that compared with conventional cattle the mithun has a homozygous, species specific 2/27 centric fusion which reduced the diploid chromosome number from 60 to 58. this provided further proof that robertson translocation-type rearrangements ... | 1986 | 3704329 |
| karyotyping, red blood cell and haemoglobin typing of the mithun (bos frontalis), its wild ancestor and its hybrids. | in bhutan in remote parts of the himalayas the mithun (bos frontalis) has been used probably for centuries in an ingenious system for crossbreeding with domestic cattle which results in highly profitable hybrid females. the hybrid males are infertile and so far no stable crossbreed has been developed. genetic analyses reported in this paper support the view that the gaur is the wild ancestor of the mithun. both have only 58 chromosomes in contrast to 60 in cattle and also different, hitherto und ... | 1984 | 6463373 |
| amino-acid sequence of gayal hemoglobin (bos gaurus frontalis, bovidae). | the amino-acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-chains of gayal hemoglobin have been determined and compared with those of bovine and yak hemoglobins. the gayal alpha-chain differs from the alpha-chains of bovine by 3 amino-acid residues and from yak i alpha- and ii alpha-hemoglobins by 4 and 2 residues, respectively. the gayal beta-chain differs from bovine beta a- and beta b-chains by 3 and 4 residues, respectively and from yak beta-chains by 2 residues. | 1984 | 6479895 |
| [mitochondrial dna polymorphism of cattle (bos taurus) and mithun (bos frontalis) in yunnan province]. | an analysis of cleavage patterns of mtdna by restriction endonuclease was performed for fifteen yunnan native cattle, two kunming black and white cow, and one mithun (bos frontalis). two types of mtdna molecule were detected in yunnan native cattle: five individuals showed the type of yellow cattle (bos taurus), the other ten showed that of zebu cattle (bos indicus), suggesting their european and zebu origins. the mtdna in kunming black and white cow also consists of two restriction types. the m ... | 1993 | 8161472 |
| [heterochromatin and euchromatin regions in the chromosomes of various representatives of the subfamily bovinae]. | heterochromatin distribution was studied in three species of subfamily bovinae: bison (bison bison), european bison (bison bonasus), and gayal (bos frontalis). in all of the studied species, c- and cma3-banding and in situ hybridization with satellite dnaii (satdnaii) revealed the conservative distribution of heterochromatic regions in autosomes; sex chromosomes did not contain the classical constitutive heterochromatin. the y chromosome was the most variable element of the karyotypes of both bi ... | 1997 | 9445819 |
| genetic diversity of cattle in south china as revealed by blood protein electrophoresis. | genetic variation of 31 blood protein loci in 236 cattle from eight south china populations (including mithan, bos frontalis) and a holstein population was investigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. thirteen loci (alb, car, hb-b, np, pgm, amy-i, pep-b, akp, 6pgd, cp, pa, esd, and tf) were found to be polymorphic. the comparison of average heterozygosities (h) shows that all the native cattle embrace a rich genetic diversity. our results on protein polymorphism suggest that c ... | 1999 | 10624516 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the tribe bovini using microsatellites. | the objective of the present study was to determine if the generally accepted phylogenetic relationships in the tribe bovini correspond to a phylogenetic scheme derived from polymorphisms at 20 bovine microsatellite loci. this study comprises 17 representative populations: eight bos taurus, two bos indicus, one poëphagus, one bibos, one bison, three bubalus and one syncerus. phylogenetic analyses using (delta mu)2 and chord (dc) distances revealed substantial divergence among species. neighbor-j ... | 2000 | 10895308 |
| maternal and paternal lineages in cross-breeding bovine species. has wisent a hybrid origin? | the tribe bovini comprises cattle and cattle-like species. reconstructions of their phylogeny have so far been incomplete and have yielded conflicting conclusions about the relationship of american bison and wisent (european bison). we have compared the sequences of three mitochondrial and two y-chromosomal dna segments. mitochondrial dna indicates that four distinct maternal lineages diverged after an early split-off of the buffalo species, leading to (1) taurine cattle and zebu, (2) wisent, (3 ... | 2004 | 14739241 |
| growth performance and nutrient utilization in male and female mithun calves on green forage-based diet. | a comparative study of growth rate and feed intake and its utilization in male and female mithun calves was carried out in hilly tracts of nagaland. the animals of both sexes were fed fresh jungle grasses ad libitum and 2.0 kg of rice bran fortified with 1% mineral mixture and 1% salt daily. growth rates of 369.50 and 305.67 g/day were observed in male and female calves, respectively. sex-related differences in feed and nutrient intakes were statistically significant, whereas no significant diff ... | 2004 | 15563026 |
| secretion patterns of growth hormone in growing captive mithuns (bos frontalis). | a study was conducted in may 2003 to characterize plasma growth hormone (gh) pattern in growing mithuns (bos frontalis), a rare semi-wild ruminant. six mithun calves averaging 235 day of age and 124 kg were maintained in semi-intensive system and group-fed once daily. animals gained at a mean rate of 0.54 kg/day, with individuals ranging from 0.34 to 0.66 kg/day. blood samples collected at 15-minute intervals starting from 0600h for nine-hour period were assayed for plasma gh. growth hormone pat ... | 2004 | 15572864 |
| new insights into the karyotypic relationships of chinese muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), forest musk deer (moschus berezovskii) and gayal (bos frontalis). | to investigate the karyotypic relationships between chinese muntjac (muntiacus reevesi), forest musk deer (moschus berezovskii) and gayal (bos frontalis), a complete set of chinese muntjac chromosome-specific painting probes has been assigned to g-banded chromosomes of these three species. sixteen autosomal probes (i.e. 6-10, 12-22) of the chinese muntjac each delineated one pair of conserved segments in the forest musk deer and gayal, respectively. the remaining six autosomal probes (1-5, and 1 ... | 2005 | 15627750 |
| development and validation of a simple, sensitive, second antibody format enzyme immunoassay (eia) for lh determination in mithun (bos frontalis) plasma. | the objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (eia) for lh determination in mithun plasma on microtitreplates using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and the second antibody coating technique. biotin was coupled to lh and used to bridge between streptavidin-peroxidase and immobilized antiserum in competitive assay. the eia was carried out directly in 20 microl mithun plasma. the lh standards ranging from 6.25 pg/well/20 microl ... | 2005 | 15794124 |
| seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in mithun (bos frontalis) in india. | a preliminary study on the seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) in different strains of mithun maintained atthe national research centre on mithun, nagaland, india, revealed that the overall prevalence of ibr in these mithun was 19%. this paper examines the results of that preliminary study. to the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report on the seroprevalence of ibr in mithun in india. the highest prevalence of ibr was observed in mithun found in arunachal pradesh ... | 2004 | 15861877 |
| seroprevalence of brucellosis in mithuns (bos frontalis) in india. | studies conducted on the seroprevalence of brucellosis in 98 mithuns maintained at the national research centre on mithun, nagaland, india revealed that the number of animals found positive for brucellosis in avidin-biotin enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, standard tube-agglutination test and rose-bengal plate test were 34, 20 and 11%, respectively. highest prevalence of brucellosis was observed in the mizoram mithun strain. the relative sensitivity and specificity of the standard tube-agglutin ... | 2005 | 15899302 |
| endocrine control of estrous cycle in mithun (bos frontalis). | the objective of the present study was to establish the profiles of luteinising hormone (lh), follicle stimulating hormone (fsh), estradiol 17beta (e2) and progesterone (p4) secretion and their interrelationships during the natural estrous cycle of mithun (bos frontalis). daily blood samples were collected from second or third postpartum estrous cycles for determination of plasma concentrations of lh, fsh, e2 and p4. concentration of p4 was found to be lowest on the day of estrus. it increased f ... | 2005 | 15950273 |
| secretion patterns of luteinizing hormone in growing mithuns (bos frontalis). | to characterize the luteinizing hormone (lh) secretion patterns in growing mithun (bos frontalis), a semi-wild ruminant, six female mithuns (1 year old; bw: 145.5 kg) were maintained in a semi-intensive system. plasma progesterone (p(4)) level was measured in twice-a-week samples collected for six weeks to assess ovarian status. this was followed by a frequent sampling period. blood samples collected at 15 min intervals for 9 h were assayed for plasma lh. luteinizing hormone patterns consisted o ... | 2005 | 16100568 |
| development and validation of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for progesterone estimation in unextracted mithun (bos frontalis) plasma. | the objective of the study was to develop and validate a simple, reliable, and highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (ria) for progesterone determination in mithun (bos frontalis) plasma. the ria was carried out in 20 microl unextracted mithun plasma. the progesterone standards ranging from 2 to 500pg/20 microl/tube were prepared in charcoal-treated hormone-free plasma. the sensitivity of the ria procedure was 2 pg progesterone/20 microl/tube, which corresponds to 0.1 ng/ml; the 50 percent relative ... | 2005 | 16153012 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in captive mithuns (bos frontalis) from india. | one hundred and four mithuns from india were tested for serum antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by modified direct agglutination test. the overall prevalence of t. gondii antibodies in mithun was 28% (95% ci=19-37). highest (prevalence rate=46, 95% ci=30-62) seroprevalence of t. gondii antibodies was found in mithuns above 3 years of age and lowest (prevalence rate=14, 95% ci=1-27) in mithuns of 6 months-1 year old. no statistically significant difference was observed between male (prevalence rate ... | 2006 | 16280199 |
| diurnal changes in blood metabolites and their relation to plasma growth hormone and time of feeding in mithun heifers (bos frontalis). | the aim of the present study was to investigate what, if any, diurnal changes occur in blood metabolites in relation to plasma growth hormone (gh) and feeding time among mithun (bos frontalis), a semi-wild ruminant. blood samples were collected at hourly intervals during a 24 h span from 6 mithun heifers (averaging 2.5 yr of age and averaging 230 kg in weight) that were fed twice a day at 11:00 and 16:00 h. samples were assayed for plasma gh and blood metabolites, non-esterified fatty acids (nef ... | 2005 | 16298769 |
| relationship of plasma estradiol-17beta, total estrogen, and progesterone to estrus behavior in mithun (bos frontalis) cows. | the objectives of this study were (1) to establish the characteristics of estrus behavior in mithun cows (n = 12) and (2) to determine the relationships between this behavior and the plasma concentrations of estradiol-17beta (e2), total estrogen, and progesterone. estrus was detected by visual observations of estrus signs, per recta examination of genitalia and bull parading thrice a day for three consecutive cycles. among the behavioral signs of estrus, the cow to be mounted by bull (100%) was ... | 2006 | 16490196 |
| changes in plasma concentrations of lh, fsh, estradiol 17-beta and progesterone during oestrus in mithun (bos frontalis). | the objective of the present study was to establish the changes in plasma concentrations of lh, fsh, estradiol 17-beta (e2) and progesterone (p4), as well as to understand their temporal relationships during oestrus in mithun (bos frontalis). the experiment was conducted on 11 mithuns during third or fourth postpartum oestrous cycle. since oestrus onset the jugular vein blood samples were collected every 2 h for 72 and 96 h, respectively from the animals without and with standing heat. the lh, f ... | 2006 | 16519723 |
| development and validation of a highly sensitive economic enzymeimmunoassay for prolactin determination in blood plasma of mithun (bos frontalis) and its application during milk let down and cyclicity. | the objective of the present study was to develop and validate highly sensitive and economic enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for prolactin determination in mithun blood plasma on microtitreplates using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and second antibody coating technique and to apply this procedure during milk let down and cyclicity in mithuns (bos frontalis), a semi-wild ruminant. biotin was coupled to prolactin and used to bridge between streptavidin peroxidase and immobilized antiserum i ... | 2007 | 16769186 |
| behavioral estrous signs can predict the time of ovulation in mithun (bos frontalis). | the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of different behavioral estrous signs and time of ovulation to identify if behavioral estrous sign(s) can be used as predictor of time of ovulation in mithuns. data were collected for 54 ovulations from 16 mithuns. the animals were monitored for onset of estrus by observing different behavioral estrous signs at 2 h interval and bull parading thrice a day for 30 min and were further confirmed by plasma progesterone profile. all anima ... | 2006 | 16777205 |
| role of lh and prostaglandin f2alpha on the development and regression of corpus luteum in mithun (bos frontalis) estrous cycle. | the present investigation was designed to study the role of lh and prostaglandin f2alpha (pgf2alpha) on the development and regression of corpus luteum (cl) in the mithun estrous cycle. blood samples were collected from jugular vein and pgf2alpha secretion was evaluated on the basis of peripheral 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-pgf2alpha (pgfm) concentration. the daily variations in plasma lh, pgfm, and progesterone (p4) concentrations throughout the estrous cycle were monitored in morning and evening blo ... | 2006 | 16828092 |
| highly sensitive second antibody format enzymeimmunoassay for determination of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pgf2alpha in blood plasma of mithun (bos frontalis). | as an alternative to radioimmunoassays, a simple, highly sensitive and quick enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for determination of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pgf(2alpha) (pgfm) in blood plasma of mithun (bos frontalis; bovine) on microtitreplates using second antibody coating technique and pgfm-horseradish peroxidase as a label has been developed. the wells of the microtitreplate were coated with affinity-purified goat igg (antirabbit igg) that binds the hormone specific antibody. the eia was carried out dire ... | 2006 | 16846791 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum in mithuns (bos frontalis) from india. | systematic examination of faecal samples from mithuns maintained at the national research centre on mithun, indian council of agricultural research (icar), nagaland, india and mithuns found in free-ranging condition of nagaland, by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, revealed that the overall prevalence of cryptosporidium parvum in mithun was 56% (95% ci=48-64). highest (prevalence rate=81, 95% ci=67-95) prevalence was found in mithuns of 1-6 months of age and l ... | 2006 | 16876325 |
| molecular characterization of the interferon-tau gene of the mithun (bos frontalis). | the mithun (bos frontalis) not only remains one of the most neglected ungulate species due to its remote range, but also has been identified as a vulnerable species due to its declining population. augmenting its reproductive efficiency could be a strategy for reversing its population decline. considering the importance of interferon-tau (ifnt) as a primary signal in establishing maternal recognition of pregnancy (mrp), the present study was undertaken to characterize the ifnt gene of the mithun ... | 2006 | 16908960 |
| development of a biotin-streptavidin amplified enzyme immunoassay for oxytocin and its application during milk ejection and the reproductive cycle in the mithun (bos frontalis). | oxytocin is a key hormone involved in milk ejection. it plays a key role in regulation of reproductive cyclicity in female mammals by taking part in the process of luteolysis. determination of oxytocin is, therefore, important for studying the control of its secretion and its role in reproduction of the mithun. a simple and sufficiently sensitive enzyme immunoassay (eia) for oxytocin determination in mithun plasma using the biotin-streptavidin amplification system and second antibody coating tec ... | 2006 | 16908963 |
| secretion patterns of luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and 17beta-oestradiol during oestrus and the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (bos frontalis). | the present study reports the pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins and 17beta-oestradiol (oe2) on the day of oestrus and at the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in mithun (bos frontalis). the frequency of luteinising hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) pulses was found to be greater (p < 0.05) on the day of oestrus than at the mid-luteal phase. in contrast, the amplitude of the lh and fsh pulses was greater (p < 0.01) at the mid-luteal phase than on the day of oestrus. a s ... | 2006 | 16930508 |
| oestrous behaviour and timing of ovulation in relation to onset of oestrus and lh peak in mithun (bos frontalis) cows. | the objectives of the study were to evaluate the oestrus behaviour and to determine the timing of ovulation in relation to onset of oestrus and the pre-ovulatory lh surge in mithun (bos frontalis). for this purpose, the blood samples collected at 15-min intervals for 9 h period following onset of oestrus and thereafter, at an interval of 2 h till 4 h post-ovulation for three consecutive cycles from 12 mithun cows were assayed for plasma lh and progesterone. ovulation was confirmed by palpation o ... | 2006 | 17107505 |
| development and validation of a sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure for estimating fsh in mithun (bos frontalis) plasma. | the present study was designed to develop and validate a simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (ria) procedure to estimate fsh in mithun (bosfrontalis) plasma. the assay was carried out in 100 [l of mithun plasma. the bovine fsh standards (10 to 5000 pg/100 microl/tube) in hormone-free plasma were used in the assay. the sensitivity of the assay was 20 pg/100 microl/tube, which corresponded to 0.20 ng/ml plasma. the 50% relative binding sensitivity of the assay was 80 pg/100 microl/tube, which co ... | 2007 | 17424829 |
| phylogenetic relationships and status quo of colonies for gayal based on analysis of cytochrome b gene partial sequences. | thirty-three mutations and four different haplotypes were found when cytochrome b(cytb) gene partial sequences of 12 gayals were analyzed. together with sequences of bos indicus, bos taurus, bos grunniens and bos gaurus with bubalus bubalis as the out group, the partial sequences of cytb gene of gayals were aligned and base composition and nucleotide variation of cytb gene were analyzed. the phylogenetic trees were constructed by the nj method and the mp method respectively, both supporting almo ... | 2007 | 17560527 |
| serological evidence of neospora caninum infection in mithun (bos frontalis) from india. | studies conducted on mithuns maintained at national research centre on mithun, indian council of agricultural research (icar), nagaland, india and mithuns found in free-ranging condition of nagaland revealed that the overall prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in mithun was 10% (95% ci=5-15) when detected by a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. highest (prevalence rate=16, 95% ci=8-24) seroprevalence was found in mithuns above 3 years of age and l ... | 2008 | 17590395 |
| highly sensitive second-antibody enzyme immunoassay for determination of estradiol-17beta concentration in blood plasma of the mithun (bos frontalis). | the objective of the present study was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive, quick and economic enzyme immunoassay (eia) for estradiol-17beta (e2) in mithun (bos frontalis) plasma on microtiter plates using a second-antibody coating technique and hormone-horseradish peroxidase as a label. for the assay, the wells of microtiter plates were coated with affinity-purified goat anti-rabbit igg that binds the hormone-specific antibody. one milliliter of mithun plasma was extracted using benzene ... | 2007 | 17867839 |
| [molecular phylogeny of the gayal inferred from the analysis of cytochrome b gene entire sequences]. | the gayal (bos frontalis) is a very rare, semi-wild and semi-domestic bovine species. there still exist remarkable divergences on the gayal's origin and phylogenetic status. the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene entire sequences (1,140 bp) of 11 gayals were sequenced and analyzed. combined with other bovine cyt b entire sequences cited in genbank, the phylogenetic trees of genus bos were reconstructed by neighbor-joining (nj) and maximum parsimony (mp) methods with bubalus bubalis as outgroup. sequence ... | 2008 | 18244904 |
| serological evidence of coronavirus infection in mithuns (bos frontalis) from india. | studies conducted on mithuns at the national research centre on mithun, and mithuns found in free-ranging conditions in nagaland, india, revealed that the overall prevalence of antibodies to coronavirus was 80% (95% confidence interval [ci] 77-83) when detected by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the highest seroprevalence (92%; 95% ci 89-95) was found in mithuns above three years of age, and the lowest (53%; 95% ci 36-70) in mithuns of 7 to 12 months old (p = 0.00005) ... | 2007 | 18293623 |
| analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of chinese yak breeds (bos grunniens) using microsatellite markers. | nine chinese yak breeds (maiwa, tianzhu white, qinghai plateau, sibu, zhongdian, pali, tibetan high mountain, jiulong, and xinjiang) and gayal were analyzed by means of 16 microsatellite markers to determine the level of genetic variation within populations, genetic relationship between populations, and population structure for each breed. a total of 206 microsatellite alleles were observed. mean f-statistics (0.056) for 9 yak breeds indicated that 94.4% of the genetic variation was observed wit ... | 2008 | 18439980 |
| an update on reproduction in yak and mithun. | yak and mithun are two domesticated herbivores of high economic importance to the farming community living in highlands. improved yak and mithun production could significantly enhance the living standards of these highlanders. over the years, their dwindling numbers have been a cause of serious concern. in view of the lack of knowledge on the reproductive physiology of these ruminants, studies have been undertaken to investigate their reproductive endocrinology in recent years. this paper attemp ... | 2008 | 18638127 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in free-ranging mithuns (bos frontalis) from india. | studies conducted on free-ranging mithuns of nagaland, india revealed that the overall seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in mithun was 42% (95% ci = 33-51) when detected by modified direct agglutination test. highest (prevalence = 57%, 95% ci = 43-71) seroprevalence was found in mithuns above 3 years of age and the lowest (prevalence = 18%, 95% ci =4-32) in mithuns of 1-2 years old. no statistically significant difference was observed between male (prevalence = 40%, 95% ci = 26-5 ... | 2008 | 18638182 |
| short communication: new alleles of the bovine kappa-casein gene revealed by resequencing and haplotype inference analysis. | we tested the hypothesis that extensive undiscovered genetic diversity exists in important functional genes from domestic and wild cattle species (bos spp.). we resequenced 483 bp of a key exon (exon iv) from the kappa (kappa)-casein gene (csn3) for a panel of samples of domestic cattle from 8 countries and a close relative species, the gayal (bos frontalis). six single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. haplotype inference revealed 12 haplotypes, of which 8 were newly discovered. among t ... | 2008 | 18765626 |
| effect of feeding lagerstroemia speciosa and conventional fodder based rations on nutrient utilization, ruminal metabolites and body weight gain in mithun (bos frontalis). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding green fodder, rice straw and concentrate-based total mixed rations (tmr) on dry matter (dm) intake (dmi), nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation patterns and body weight (bw) gain (bwg) in mithun (bos frontalis) calves. in a randomized block design, male mithun calves (n = 18, 8-10 months of age, 121 +/- 2 kg bw) were randomly divided into three experimental equal groups (six animals in each group) and fed isonitrogenous tmrs a ... | 2008 | 19012603 |
| sex determination in 6 bovid species by duplex pcr. | sex determination in domestic animals is of potential value to livestock breeding programs. the aim of this study was to develop a simple and accurate pcr-based sex determination protocol, which can be applicable to 6 major domesticated species of the family bovidae, viz. bos frontalis, b. grunniens, b. indicus, bubalus bubalis, capra hircus, and ovis aries. in silico analysis was done to identify conserved dna sequence in the hmg box region of the sex-determining region of the y-chromosome (sry ... | 2008 | 19043179 |
| detection of heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin genes of escherichia coli in diarrhoeic faecal samples of mithun (bos frontalis) calves by polymerase chain reaction. | to find out the prevalence of different serogroups of escherichia coli (e. coli) and to detect heat-stable (st) and heat-labile (lt) enterotoxin genes of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) from the faeces of mithun calves with diarrhoea. | 2009 | 19200312 |
| bluetongue infection rate in mithun (bos frontalis) in the north-eastern upland region of india. | studies conducted on 106 mithun at the national research centre on mithun and 66 free-ranging mithun in nagaland, india, revealed an infection rate with bluetongue virus of 86%, using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. animals were grouped according to their age: 36 of 1 to 2 years of age, 50 of 2 to 4 years of age and 86 aged 4 years and over. the highest infection rate (98%) was found in mithun > 4 years old and the lowest (58%) in those 1 to 2 years old. n ... | 2008 | 19284059 |
| molecular evolution of the bovini tribe (bovidae, bovinae): is there evidence of rapid evolution or reduced selective constraint in domestic cattle? | if mutation within the coding region of the genome is largely not adaptive, the ratio of nonsynonymous (dn) to synonymous substitutions (ds) per site (dn/ds) should be approximately equal among closely related species. furthermore, dn/ds in divergence between species should be equivalent to dn/ds in polymorphisms. this hypothesis is of particular interest in closely related members of the bovini tribe, because domestication has promoted rapid phenotypic divergence through strong artificial selec ... | 2009 | 19393048 |
| collection and characterization of semen in mithun (bos frontalis) bulls. | the objective of this study was to collect semen from semiwild mithun (bos frontalis) bulls using an artificial vagina (av) and to determine semen characteristics. collection of semen with an av was attempted in five mithun bulls using both anestrous and estrous mithun females. no mithun bull mounted an anestrous female mithun during 60 trials, but satisfactory mounting, including extension of the penis, occurred in 25 trials with estrous mithun females. in 15 of these trials, semen was successf ... | 2009 | 19589586 |
| detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli and enteropathogenic escherichia coli in faecal samples of healthy mithun (bos frontalis) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | faecal samples obtained from 190 healthy mithuns were examined for the presence of escherichia coli. total one-hundred and five e. coli isolates were obtained from these samples, which belonged to 55 different serogroups. these isolates were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) for detection of stx1, stx2, eaea and hlya genes. twenty-three (21.90%) e. coli isolates belonging to 14 serogroups revealed the presence of at least one virulence gene when examined by m-pcr. nineteen ... | 2010 | 19638162 |
| bacterial diversity in the rumen of gayals (bos frontalis), swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and holstein cow as revealed by cloned 16s rrna gene sequences. | libraries of rumen bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences of gayals (bos frontalis) and swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) were cloned and sequenced in the present work to compare the bacterial diversity with the third published library of holstein cow. sequence similarity of 97% was used as the definition of operational taxonomic unit (otu). the majority of the 470 sequences retrieved fell into the phyla of low g + c subdivision (329 sequences) and cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides (cfb, 123 sequence ... | 2010 | 19662514 |
| characterization of mithun (bos frontalis) ejaculates and fertility of cryopreserved sperm. | technologies for conservation and propagation of genetic resources in the mithun (bos frontalis), a rare semi-wild bovine species of southeast asia. successful cryopreservation of mithun semen would provide a potential vehicle to address above issue. to date, information on characteristics of mithun ejaculates is not available and there are no reports of birth of live offspring using cryopreserved mithun semen collected using av method. a study was therefore conducted to (i) characterize the mit ... | 2010 | 19850422 |
| diversity and phylogeny of mitochondrial dna isolated from mithun bos frontalis located in bhutan. | we sequenced the 16s rrna gene in mitochondrial dna to characterize mithun located in bhutan and to increase our understanding of its origin. we compared mithun with yak, european cattle, bhutanese zebu and indian zebu. sequencing revealed low nucleotide diversity within the mithun population and their phylogenetic proximity to gaur. a close relationship between bhutanese mithun and gaur was confirmed by an additional comparison with wild gaur specimens from three locations in bhutan. direct dom ... | 2010 | 20331596 |
| genetic diversity and origin of gayal and cattle in yunnan revealed by mtdna control region and sry gene sequence variation. | there are hump, humpless cattle and gayal distributed in yunnan province, south-west china, but their genetic background remains unclear. to determine the origin and genetic diversity of yunnan gayal and cattle (diqing, nujiang and wenshan cattle), we analysed mtdna control region sequences of 71 samples and sry gene sequences of 39 samples, together with the available sequences in genbank. the neighbour-joining phylogeny and the reduced median network analysis showed that yunnan gayal originate ... | 2010 | 20433524 |
| allele distributions and frequencies of the six prion protein gene (prnp) polymorphisms in asian native cattle, japanese breeds, and mythun (bos frontalis). | six polymorphic sites of the bovine prion protein gene (prnp) were genotyped in 569 animals of asian native cattle, japanese breeds, purebred mythun (bos frontalis), and mythun x cattle composite animals. at the 23-bp indel site, a deletion (23-) allele was a major allele in all populations except mythun. at the 12-bp indel site, an insertion (12+) allele was a major allele in all populations. the 14-bp indel site was polymorphic in all asian native cattle. in the octapeptide repeat region, a si ... | 2010 | 20623331 |
| comparative nutrient utilization, growth, and rumen enzyme profile of mithun (bos frontalis) and tho-tho cattle (bos indicus) fed on tree-leaves-based ration. | a study was conducted to compare the nutrient utilization, growth, and rumen enzyme profile of mithun (bos frontalis) and tho-tho cattle (bos indicus) reared in the same feeding and managemental conditions. for the purpose, male mithun (n = 8) and male tho-tho cattle (n = 8) of 1.5 years age, selected from the farm of national research centre on mithun, nagaland, india, were fed on mixed-tree-leaves-based ration as per the requirement of nrc (2001) for cattle for 12 months. average daily gain (a ... | 2011 | 20706785 |
| electrocardiogram of clinically healthy mithun (bos frontalis): variation among strains. | a study was conducted to establish the normal electrocardiogram in four different genetic strains of mithun (bos frontalis). electrocardiography, cardiac electrical axis, heart rate, rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded in a total of 32 adult male mithun of four strains (n = 8 each). it was found that the respiration and heart rates were higher (p < .05) in manipur than other three strains. amplitude (p < .05) and duration of p wave and qrs complex differed (p < .01) among the s ... | 2010 | 20886013 |
| milk protein polymorphisms in cattle (bos indicus), mithun (bos frontalis) and yak (bos grunniens) breeds and their hybrids indigenous to bhutan. | in the current study, milk protein variation was examined in cattle (bos indicus), mithun (bos frontalis), yak (bos grunniens) and their hybrid populations in bhutan to estimate genetic variability, conduct genetic characterization and assess the possibility of gene flow between mithun and cattle. isoelectric focusing of 372 milk samples from 11 populations detected four molecular types of β-lactoglobulin (a, b, e and m), five molecular types of α(s1) -casein (a, b, c, e and x) and three molecul ... | 2010 | 20887304 |
| dominant bacterial communities in the rumen of gayals (bos frontalis), yaks (bos grunniens) and yunnan yellow cattle (bos taurs) revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | the dominant rumen bacteria in gayals, yaks and yunnan yellow cattle were investigated using pcr-dgge approach. the analysis of dgge profiles, identification of dominant bands and phylogenetic analysis 16s rdna sequences in dgge profiles were combined to reveal the dominant bacterial communities and compared the differences between those cattle species. dgge profiles revealed that gayals had the most abundant dominant bacteria and the lowest similarity of intraspecies between individuals than ot ... | 2010 | 21140219 |
| polymorphisms in the bovine hemoglobin-beta gene provide evidence for gene-flow between wild species of bos (bibos) and domestic cattle in southeast asia. | the electrophoretic variation in bovine hemoglobin-beta (hbb) is one of the most investigated genetic markers. the presence of a unique hbb variant, hbb(x), in southeast asian cattle has been reputed as a sign of gene-flow from wild bovine species. in this study, we analyzed the dna sequences of hbb genes in domestic and wild bovine species to verify this belief. isoelectric focusing of hbb chain revealed that the hbb(x) in domestic cattle had dimorphism and was separated into hbb(x1) and hbb(x2 ... | 2010 | 21269357 |
| molecular phylogeny and diversity of myanmar and bhutan mithun based on mtdna sequences. | the mithun (bos frontalis), synonymous with mithan and gayal, is considered to be a domesticated form of gaur (b. gaurus). however, there has been a controversy concerning its origin. in an effort to address this issue, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of 20 mithun from myanmar and 13 from bhutan were sequenced to trace its maternal origin. seven cytb haplotypes were found in the 33 mithun, and the phylogenetic tree for these haplotypes clearly showed three embranchments involving fiv ... | 2010 | 21269359 |
| genetic variability of the coding region for the prion protein gene (prnp) in gayal (bos frontalis). | the gayal (bos frontalis) is a rare semi-wild bovid species in which bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) has not been reported. polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (prnp) have been correlated significantly with resistance to bse. in this study, the coding region of prnp was cloned and characterized in samples from 125 gayal. a total of ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), including six silent mutations (c60t, g75a, a108t, g126a, c357t and c678t) and four mis-sense mutations (c8a, g ... | 2011 | 21633886 |
| sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene can identify meat species. | in this study, sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna has been applied for meat species identification. the procedure involves polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial (mt) 12s rrna gene and sequencing of amplicons. amplified product of mt 12s rrna gene was 456 bp in size. species sequenced include cattle (bos indicus), buffalo (bubalus bubalis), sheep (ovis aries), goat (capra hircus) and mithun (bos frontalis). sequences were compared with the reported ... | 2004 | 22060864 |
| Composition of milk from minor dairy animals and buffalo breeds: a biodiversity perspective. | A comprehensive review is presented of the nutrient composition for buffalo, mare, and dromedary camel milks at the level of breed, and species-level data for yak, mithun, musk ox, donkey, Bactrian camel, llama, alpaca, reindeer and moose milks. Average values of nutrients were calculated and compared. Interspecies values (g 100 g(-1) ) were 0.7-16.1 for total fat, 1.6-10.5 for protein, 2.6-6.6 for lactose, and 67.9-90.8 for water. Reindeer and moose milks had the highest fat and protein concent ... | 2011 | 22083874 |
| nacl-, protease-tolerant and cold-active endoglucanase from paenibacillus sp. yd236 isolated from the feces of bos frontalis. | bos frontalis, which consumes bamboo and weeds, may have evolved unique gastrointestinal microorganisms that digest cellulase. a paenibacillus sp. yd236 strain was isolated from b. frontalis feces, from which a gh8 endoglucanase gene, pglue8 (1107 bp, 54.5 % gc content), encoding a 368-residue polypeptide (pglue8, 40.4 kda) was cloned. pglue8 efficiently hydrolyzed barley-β-d-glucan followed by cmc-na, soluble starch, laminarin, and glucan from black yeast optimally at ph 5.5 and 50 °c, and reta ... | 2016 | 27376014 |
| filarial infections in semi-wild cattle of northeast india: first record of setaria digitata (von linstow 1906) in bos frontalis (lambert 1804). | the occurrence of adult setaria digitata, a filarial nematode of bovine host is reported for the first time from mithun (bos frontalis) of arunachal pradesh, india. during december 2011 to march 2012, a thorough survey was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and intensity of helminth infections among semi-wild cattle in northeast india. during the course of investigation, the relatively uncommon species of setaria was encountered among two out of eleven mithun examined. through light and scanni ... | 2013 | 26688636 |
| genetic characterization of mhc class ii dqb exon 2 variants in gayal (bos frontalis). | in the present study, exon 2 of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii dqb gene from 39 gayals (bos frontalis) was isolated, characterized and compared with previously reported patterns for other bovidae. it was revealed by sequence analyses that there are 36 dqb exon 2 variants among 39 gayals. these variants exhibited a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions with most amino acid variations occurring at positions forming the peptide-binding sites (pbs). the dqb loci wer ... | 2014 | 26019566 |
| scrotal circumference and its relationship with testicular growth, age, and body weight in tho tho (bos indicus) bulls. | the present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the scrotal circumference and testicular parameters with body weight and age in tho tho bulls (bos indicus), which were maintained at around the villages of national research centre on mithun (icar), jharnapani, nagaland, india. a total of 32 tho tho bulls were selected and divided into four groups according to their age and each group consisted of 8 bulls, namely, group i: 18-24 months (n = 8), group ii: 25-36 months (n = 8), g ... | 2014 | 27351012 |
| whole-genome sequencing of the endangered bovine species gayal (bos frontalis) provides new insights into its genetic features. | gayal (bos frontalis) is a semi-wild and endangered bovine species that differs from domestic cattle (bos taurus and bos indicus), and its genetic background remains unclear. here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of one gayal for the first time, with one red angus cattle and one japanese black cattle as controls. in total, 97.8 gb of sequencing reads were generated with an average 11.78-fold depth and >98.44% coverage of the reference sequence (umd3.1). numerous different variations were id ... | 2016 | 26806430 |
| zinc finger domain of the prdm9 gene on chromosome 1 exhibits high diversity in ruminants but its paralog prdm7 contains multiple disruptive mutations. | prdm9 is the sole hybrid sterility gene identified so far in vertebrates. prdm9 gene encodes a protein with an immensely variable zinc-finger (zf) domain that determines the site of meiotic recombination hotspots genome-wide. in this study, the terminal zf domain of prdm9 on bovine chromosome 1 and its paralog on chromosome 22 were characterized in 225 samples from five ruminant species (cattle, yak, mithun, sheep and goat). we found extraordinary variation in the number of prdm9 zinc fingers (6 ... | 2016 | 27203728 |
| semi-domesticated and irreplaceable genetic resource gayal (bos frontalis) needs effective genetic conservation in bangladesh: a review. | several studies arduously reported that gayal (bos frontalis) is an independent bovine species. the population size is shrinking across its distribution. in bangladesh, it is the only wild relative of domestic cattle and also a less cared animal. their body size is much bigger than bangladeshi native cattle and has prominent beef type characters along with the ability to adjust in any adverse environmental conditions. human interactions and manipulation of biodiversity is affecting the habitats ... | 0 | 25178382 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) - a re-emerging concern in livestock: a revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is known to cause several diseases worldwide. it is a double-stranded dna virus consisting of 33 structural proteins out of which 13 are associated with the envelope. based on genomic analysis and viral peptide patterns, bhv-1 virus can be divided into several subtypes like bhv-1.1, bhv-1.2, and bhv-1.3. however, all subtypes are antigenically similar. the symptoms of the related diseases are mainly non-life-threatening but have a rather wide host range that limits a ... | 2013 | 23802762 |
| molecular characterization of veterinary important trematode and cestode species in the mithun bos frontalis from north-east india. | helminth infections in the mithun bos frontalis, including the liver fluke fasciola gigantica, hepato-gastric amphistomes explanatum explanatum, paramphistomum epiclitum and calicophoron calicophorum, and the cestodes echinococcus granulosus and e. ortleppi were studied in north-east india over a 2-year period from 2012 to 2014. cystic echinococcosis caused by e. granulosus and e. ortleppi was found to be highly prevalent in the mithun, with e. ortleppi being reported for the first time. molecul ... | 2016 | 26343353 |
| animal fascioliasis: perspectives from high altitudinal regions. | the parasitic flukes of the genus fasciola (platyhelminthes: trematoda: digenea) cause fascioliasis or liver-rot disease in ruminant livestock in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. classically, two species of fasciola- f. hepatica and f. gigantica, are universally recognized as taxonomically valid species. our survey studies on ovid and bovid animals including yak and mithun from high altitudinal mountainous regions in northeast india revealed the occurrence of fasciola gigantica an ... | 2016 | 27890078 |
| rumen microbial variation and nutrient utilisation in mithun (bos frontalis) under different feeding regimes. | the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding different diets on fermentation, enzyme activities and microbial population in the rumen fluid of mithun (bos frontalis). in a randomized block design, 20 male mithun (6-8 months of age, 152 ± 12.6 kg body weight) were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 5/group) and fed experimental diets ad libitum for 180 days. the diet r1 contained tree foliages (tf), r2 comprised of 50% concentrate mixture (cm) and 50% tf, r3 cont ... | 2013 | 22289020 |
| molecular epidemiology of pasteurella multocida circulating in india by multilocus sequence typing. | multilocus sequence typing (mlst), a sequence-based typing method for bacterial pathogens, is currently the best method for long-term epidemiological study and to understand the population structure of the bacteria. this investigation was carried out to study the diversity of pasteurella multocida isolates circulating in india. ten different sequence types (st) identified in this study are st 122 from cattle, goat, mithun and pig; st 50 from pig; st 9 from cattle and sheep; st 229 from cattle an ... | 2016 | 25209973 |
| molecular characterization of setaria digitata from mithun (bos frontalis). | mithun is a strongly built hill animal of southeast asia and plays an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of the tribal population. setaria digitata isolated from peritoneal cavity of mithun both from arunachal pradesh and nagaland were characterized based on conserved region of 12srdna, 28srdna and its-2 and mitochondrial gene coxi. based on sequence analysis, it was found to be 99% similarity with srilankan isolate of s. digitata. | 2015 | 26204175 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in mithun (bos frontalis) from north eastern hilly region of india. | mithun (bos frontalis) is mostly utilized for meat purpose by the local tribal people of north eastern hilly region of india. meat born diseases are very important issues for the people of these areas from the public health point of view. in order to realize the issues, the serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis was carried out as per elisa kit (chekit* toxotest, idexx laboratory, usa) to find out toxoplasma gondii antibody. as a whole, out of 195 animals examined, only 8 (4.10 %) animals were ... | 2015 | 26345071 |
| report of amblyomma testudinarium in mithuns (bos frontalis) from eastern mizoram (india). | physical examination of semi-domesticated, free ranging mithuns (bos frontalis) during an animal health check-up and treatment camp organized at khuwangleng village in the champhai district of mizoram, india and adjacent to myanmar border revealed presence of unusually large blood engorged ticks attaching to the dewlap and inner aspects of thighs. on the basis of morphological study, the ticks were found indistinguishable from female amblyomma testudinarium. prevalence rate of the tick species i ... | 2016 | 27876918 |
| evolutionary dynamics of meiotic recombination hotspots regulator prdm9 in bovids. | hybrid sterility or reproductive isolation in mammals has been attributed to allelic incompatibilities in a dna-binding protein prdm9. not only is prdm9 exceptional in being the only known 'speciation gene' in vertebrates, but it is also considered to be the fastest evolving gene in the genome. the terminal zinc finger (zf) domain of prdm9 specifies genome-wide meiotic recombination hotspot locations in mammals. intriguingly, prdm9 zf domain is highly variable between as well as within species, ... | 2017 | 27744561 |
| sequence based structural characterization and genetic diversity analysis of full length tlr4 cds in crossbred and indigenous cattle. | the exploration of candidate genes for immune response in cattle may be vital for improving our understanding regarding the species specific response to pathogens. toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is mostly involved in protection against the deleterious effects of gram negative pathogens. approximately 2.6 kb long cdna sequence of tlr4 gene covering the entire coding region was characterized in two indian milk cattle (vrindavani and tharparkar). the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the bovine tlr ... | 2017 | 27715456 |
| status of tick infections among semi-wild cattle in arunachal pradesh, india. | to explore the seasonal prevalence of tick infections in mithun (bos frontalis) and yak (b. grunniens) a study was conducted in papum pare district, kurung-kumey district and west kameng district of arunachal pradesh, india from december 2012 to november 2014. adult ticks were collected from both the animals during the month of december 2012 to november 2014. ectoparasites were identified on the basis of their morpho-anatomical features observed through light microscope. a total of nine differen ... | 2017 | 27614479 |
| effects of low-density lipoproteins as additive on quality parameters and oxidative stress following cryopreservation of mithun (bos frontalis) spermatozoa. | artificial breeding of mithun poses several challenges including lack of standard protocol for cryopreservation of spermatozoa. this is further complicated by harmful effects of hen's egg yolk (ey) as additive in extender. purified low-density lipoproteins (ldl) extracted from ey have been shown as beneficial over ey extender for long-term semen storage in several species. this investigation explored use of ldl versus ey on semen quality and oxidative stress following freezing-thawing of spermat ... | 2016 | 27418332 |
| pimply gut condition in mithun (bos frontalis) calves. | the present observation was recorded at national research centre on mithun, jharnapani from may 2010 to september 2012. a total of 15 mithun calves, which died in and around jharnapani, were attended and detailed post-mortem examination was carried out. out of these, five calves (33.33 %) aging between 1 and 1.5 years exhibiting the condition of chronic wasting and diarrhoea were found positive for pimply gut condition based on gross and microscopic examination. post-mortem examination revealed ... | 2016 | 27413288 |
| effect of age and season on the thyroid hormone activity of mizoram strain female mithun (bos frontalis). | the aim of the present study was to generate baseline data on the normal values of the thyroidhormone (th) activity as well as their correlation with age and season. | 2015 | 27047046 |
| development and validation of a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay for determination of plasma metastin in mithun (bos frontalis). | metastin, also known as kisspeptin-10, is a potent stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the central nervous system. recently, it has been emerged as a key player in the regulation of reproduction in mammals. blood concentrations of metastin during different physiological stages in bovine species in general and mithun (bos frontalis) in particular are not available. lacking of such information may probably be due to non-availability of simple assay procedure to measure t ... | 2016 | 26599603 |
| development and application of a sensitive, second antibody format enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for estimation of plasma fsh in mithun (bos frontalis). | mithun (bos frontalis) is a semi-wild rare ruminant species. a simple sensitive enzymeimmunoassay suitable for assaying fsh in the blood plasma of mithun is not available which thereby limits our ability to understand this species reproductive processes. therefore, the aim of this article was to develop a simple and sensitive enzymeimmunoassay (eia) for estimation of fsh in mithun plasma and apply the assay to understand the estrous cycle and superovulatory process in this species. to accomplish ... | 2016 | 26111075 |
| isolation and cdna characteristics of mhc-dra genes from gayal (bos frontalis) and gaytle (bos frontalis × bos taurus). | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) plays important roles in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. in the present study, the coding sequence and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of mhc class ii dr alpha chain (the dra gene) from rare gayal and gaytle were cloned and analyzed to dissect structural and functional variations. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the dra genes in gayal (bofr-dra) and gaytle (bofr × bola-dra) were almost identical to those for cattle ... | 2015 | 26019617 |
| genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism analyses reveal genetic diversity and structure of wild and domestic cattle in bangladesh. | in spite of variation in coat color, size, and production traits among indigenous bangladeshi cattle populations, genetic differences among most of the populations have not been investigated or exploited. in this study, we used a high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) 80k bead chip derived from bos indicus breeds to assess genetic diversity and population structure of 2 bangladeshi zebu cattle populations (red chittagong, n = 28 and non-descript deshi, n = 28) and a semi-domest ... | 2014 | 25178287 |
| the emergence of embedded structure: insights from kafr qasem sign language. | this paper introduces data from kafr qasem sign language (kqsl), an as-yet undescribed sign language, and identifies the earliest indications of embedding in this young language. using semantic and prosodic criteria, we identify predicates that form a constituent with a noun, functionally modifying it. we analyze these structures as instances of embedded predicates, exhibiting what can be regarded as very early stages in the development of subordinate constructions, and argue that these structur ... | 2014 | 24917837 |
| a new high-frequency allele of the bm2113 locus in the yunnan mithun population. | the bm2113 locus was amplified in yunnan mithun (bos frontalis) from the southwest mountains of china. it showed a high degree of polymorphism with a total of 12 alleles. the 121-bp polymorphic allele of the bm2113 locus that accounted for 37.1% of homozygotes was the predominant allele with a frequency of 58.57%, identified as mithun-specific for bos species in yunnan mithun. the polymorphism information content value was high with a mean of 0.6170, the expected and observed heterozygosity was ... | 2014 | 24737440 |
| comparative sequence analysis in the exon 5 of growth hormone gene in the various livestock species of india. | the aim of the study was to identify genetic polymorphism in growth hormone (gh) gene locus of six different livestock species using pcr-direct dna sequencing method. in exon 5 of gh gene, 10 snps variants were identified in all livestock species studied, namely bubalus bubalis, bos indicus, bos frontalis, bos grunniens, ovis aries, and capra hircus. four snps were observed in bubalus bubalis, two snps in bos indicus, one snp in ovis aries, and three snps in capra hircus. no changes were observe ... | 2014 | 24299185 |
| effect of addition of taurine on the liquid storage (5°c) of mithun (bos frontalis) semen. | the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of taurine on sperm motility, viability, total sperm abnormalities, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, enzymatic profiles such as reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat), and biochemical profiles such as cholesterol efflux and malondialdehyde (mda) production. a total of 50 ejaculates were collected twice a week from 8 mithun bulls, and semen was split into 4 equal aliquots ... | 2013 | 23853737 |
| effect of concentration and addition method of glycerol on the quality of cryopreserved mithun (bos frontalis) spermatozoa. | the effect of concentration and addition method of glycerol on the quality of cryopreserved mithun (bos frontalis) spermatozoa was investigated. semen samples were collected from five healthy mithun bulls through rectal massage method and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. the samples were diluted in tris-egg yolk-glycerol extender, equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °c and loaded into 0.50-ml straws. the straws were then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and finally plunged into liquid nitrogen ... | 2013 | 23062231 |
| estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from indian livestock. | greenhouse gas (ghg; methane and nitrous oxide) emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management of indian livestock were estimated from the last two indian livestock census datasets (2003 and 2007) using ipcc tier 2 (2006) guidelines. the total annual ghg emissions from indian livestock increased in 2007 compared to the year 2003 with an annual growth rate of 1.52% over this period. the contributions of ghg by dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep and other animals (y ... | 2012 | 22898933 |
| [polymorphisms of inhibin α gene exon 1 in buffalo (bubalus bubalis), gayal (bos frontalis) and yak (bos grunniens)]. | to elucidate the genetic characteristics of the bovine inhibin α subunit (inha) gene, the polymorphisms in exon 1 of inha and its bilateral sequences were assayed using pcr with direct sequencing in buffalo, gayal and yak. a comparative analysis was conducted by pooled the results in this study with the published data of inha on some mammals including some bovine species together. a synonymous substitution c.73c>a was identified in exon 1 of inha for buffalo, which results in identical encoding ... | 2012 | 22855448 |
| polymorphisms of the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 gene (igfbp3) in gayal (bos frontalis). | the gene coding for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (igfbp3) is important for regulation of growth, development and metabolism in mammals. the present investigation was conducted to study nucleotide polymorphism of the igfbp3 in gayal (bos frontalis) and to compare the variations with those which occur in other ruminants. a fragment of 645 base pairs of the igfbp3 covering a part of exon 2, the complete intron 2 and exon 3 and a part of intron 3 was amplified, sequenced (n=46) and d ... | 2012 | 22310386 |
| nucleotide diversity of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (mc1r) in the gayal (bos frontalis). | the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (mc1r) plays a crucial role in determining coat colour of mammals. to investigate the relationship of polymorphism of the mc1r with coat colour in gayal, the coding sequence (cds), and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (utr) of the mc1r were sequenced from 63 samples from the gayal and compared with the sequences of the mc1r from other ruminant species. a sequence of 1,136 bp including the whole cds (954 bp) and parts of the 5'- and 3'-utr (164 and 18 bp, respe ... | 2012 | 22307797 |
| karyotype analysis of mithun (bos frontalis) and mithun bull x brahman cow hybrids. | we examined the cytogenetics of mithun (bos frontalis), a domesticated version of the asian gaur, and hybrids (f(1) generation) produced by artificial insemination of brahman cows (bos indicus) with mithun semen. reproductive potential was also examined in the f(1) generation and a backcrossed heifer for utilization of heterosis. metaphase chromosome spreads were examined by conventional staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization hybridized with the entire chromosome 1 of mithun as a specif ... | 2012 | 22290473 |
| changes in mithun (bos frontalis) spermatozoa during epididymal passage. | genital organs of 10 healthy, adult mithun bulls (6-8 years old) that were slaughtered at the dwellings of tribal people for meat were collected. immediately after collection, spermatozoa from 3 different regions of the epididymis, i.e. the head, body and tail, were obtained to study morphological changes of the spermatozoa during passage through these regions. the prevalence of proximal cytoplasmic droplets significantly decreased from the head to the tail of the epididymis. conversely, the per ... | 2010 | 21247011 |