| embryonic and neonatal mortality from salmonellosis in captive bred raptors. | in a captive breeding center near rome (italy), cases of embryonic and neonatal death were recorded during the breeding seasons in the european eagle owl (bubo bubo), peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), buzzard (buteo buteo), and lanner falcon. (falco biarmicus). salmonella havana and s. virchow were isolated. three pulli, clinically infected with s. havana, were successfully treated with enrofloxacin. from two groups of healthy 3- to 4-wk-old eagle owls, salmonella sp. group 61 (61:r:-) and s. ... | 1998 | 9476227 |
| bird skins in museum collections: are they suitable as indicators of environmental metal load after conservation procedures? | to find out whether modern conservation treatments alter the level of metals in feathers, we analysed the content of 10 metals in feathers before and after skins were washed with detergent and treated with eulan u-33 (a commonly used preservative at museums). feathers of 31 birds of goshawk accipiter gentilis, eagle owl bubo bubo. feral pigeon columba livia domest, and common eider somateria mollissima were analysed. we found that in most cases metals were partly washed out of the feathers, but ... | 2003 | 12889635 |
| mercury in feathers of nestling eagle owls, bubo bubo l., and muscle of their main prey species in toledo province, central spain. | | 2006 | 16688548 |
| [strigiphilus strigis (mallophaga: philopteridae) in a eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo interpositus) in turkey]. | in this study, a eurasian eagle owl (bubo b. interpositus) was brought to the laboratory of parasitology department and was inspected for ectoparasites. five mallophaga specimens were collected from the eagle owl and they were mounted on slides in faure forte medium after being cleared in 10% koh. morphologic characteristics of the lice were inspected and measured under the light microscope. all of the specimens were identified as strigiphilus strigis (pontoppidan 1763). this paper presents the ... | 2007 | 17471417 |
| seropositivity and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection in wild birds from spain. | toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution that infects many species of warm-blooded animals, including birds. to date, there is scant information about the seropositivity of t. gondii and the risk factors associated with t. gondii infection in wild bird populations. in the present study, t. gondii infection was evaluated on sera obtained from 1079 wild birds belonging to 56 species (including falconiformes (n = 610), strigiformes (n = 260), ciconi ... | 2011 | 22216311 |
| genetic characterization of oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates from wild birds indicates that genotype is associated with host species, diet and presence of pathognomonic lesions. | oropharyngeal trichomonad isolates of wild birds from spain were studied. a total of 1688 samples (1214 of predator birds and 474 of prey species) from wildlife recovery centres and scientific bird-ringing campaigns were analysed from 2011 to 2013. the overall infection prevalence was 20.3% (11.4% in predator birds and 43.3% in prey species). pathognomonic lesions were present in 26% of the infected birds (57.3% in predator birds and 4.9% in prey species). the most commonly parasitized species w ... | 2014 | 25262786 |
| the occurrence of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target raptor species in norway. | second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) are commonly used for rodent pest control in norway resulting in the potential exposure of non-target raptor species. in this study the occurrence of flocoumafen, difethialone, difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum was determined in the livers of five species of raptors found dead in norway between 2009 and 2011. the sgars brodifacoum, bromadiolone, difenacoum and flocoumafen were detected in golden eagle (aquila chrysaetos) and eagle owl ( ... | 2013 | 23500818 |
| behavioural and physiological responses of wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) to experimental manipulations of predation and starvation risk. | body weight and the levels of stored body fat have fitness consequences. greater levels of fat may provide protection against catastrophic failures in the food supply, but they may also increase the risk of predation. animals may therefore regulate their fatness according to their perceived risks of predation and starvation: the starvation-predation trade-off model. we tested the predictions of this model in wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) by experimentally manipulating predation risk and starva ... | 2015 | 26143188 |
| [parasite fauna of austrian owls (strigiformes)]. | during the examination of 182 owls--asio otus (51), strix aluco (44), bubo bubo (34), nyctea scandiaca (15), athene noctua (14), otus scops (9), tyto alba (4), aegolius funereus (3), glaucidium passerinum (2), asio flammeus (2), indigenous "owls" (4)--5 protozoan species, 3 trematode species, 1 cestode species, 6 nematode species, 3 acanthocephalan species, 2 acaride species and 7 insect species could be discovered. dermanyssus hirundinis was proved on the long-eared owl and carnus hemapterus on ... | 1982 | 7165130 |
| semen evaluation in four autochthonous wild raptor species using computer-aided sperm analyzer. | at least 10 percent of the approximately 300 species of the order falconiformes are listed as being globally threatened. the present work describes the seminal characteristics of three diurnal and one nocturnal raptor species. semen was collected from clinically healthy accipiter nisus (n = 1), falco subbuteo (n = 6), and falco tinnunculus (n = 5) adult males that were housed at the 'centro animali non convenzionali' of the department of veterinary sciences of the university of turin. the semen ... | 2016 | 26725000 |
| intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance. | intraguild predation (igp) is a commonly recognized mechanism influencing the community structure of predators, but the complex interactions are notoriously difficult to disentangle. the mesopredator suppression hypothesis predicts that a superpredator may either simultaneously repress two mesopredators, restrain the dominant one and thereby release the subdominant mesopredator, or elicit different responses by both mesopredators. we show the outcome arising from such conditions in a three-level ... | 2016 | 26781959 |
| characterization of clade 2.3.2.1 h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds (mandarin duck and eurasian eagle owl) in 2010 in korea. | starting in late november 2010, the h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus was isolated from many types of wild ducks and raptors and was subsequently isolated from poultry in korea. we assessed the genetic and pathogenic properties of the hpai viruses isolated from a fecal sample from a mandarin duck and a dead eurasian eagle owl, the most affected wild bird species during the 2010/2011 hpai outbreak in korea. these viruses have similar genetic backgrounds and exhibited the highest ... | 2013 | 23611846 |
| multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium monophasic variant 4,12:i:- isolated from asymptomatic wildlife in a catalonian wildlife rehabilitation center, spain. | wildlife can act as long-term asymptomatic reservoirs for zoonotic bacteria, such as salmonella. the prevalence and antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles of salmonella spp. were assessed in 263 cases in wildlife from 22 animal orders from a wildlife rehabilitation center in catalonia (ne spain), september 2013-may 2014. eleven of 263 tested animals were positive for salmonella spp., representing an overall prevalence of 4.2%. prevalences by taxonomic categories were 2% in mammals, 4.7% in birds, ... | 2015 | 25973627 |
| quantifying space use of breeders and floaters of a long-lived species using individual movement data. | to date, animal movement studies have mostly analysed the movement behaviours of individuals at specific times of their lives, but we lack detailed information on how individual movements may be affected by the various and different changes that individuals experience throughout their life (e.g. life history phases, experience, age). here, we attempt to identify differences in home range and movement behaviour between two different statuses, disperser vs. breeder, of a long-lived species (the ea ... | 2015 | 25847092 |
| first detection of borrelia burgdorferi-antibodies in free-living birds of prey from eastern westphalia, germany. | borrelia (b.) burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of lyme disease, is the most important arthropod-borne zoonosis-pathogen in the northern hemisphere. besides small mammals, birds, primarily passeriformes and sea birds, play an important role in the transmission, distribution and maintenance of this disease. previous studies on birds have focused mainly on the detection of borrelia-infected ticks. however, the presence or absence of an infected tick cannot be taken as an indicator of the ... | 2013 | 23823746 |
| tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in birds in guangxi, southwest china. | wildlife is an important natural reservoir of many tick-borne pathogens. these agents have an impact on the health of humans and other animals throughout the world. this study was conducted to determine whether and what species of tick-borne agents had infected wild birds collected from guangxi, in southwest china. | 2015 | 26666827 |
| mesopredator release by an emergent superpredator: a natural experiment of predation in a three level guild. | intraguild predation (igp) is widespread but it is often neglected that guilds commonly include many layers of dominance within. this could obscure the effects of igp making unclear whether the intermediate or the bottom mesopredator will bear higher costs from the emergence of a new top predator. | 2010 | 21151912 |
| high seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in wild animals from portugal. | we report an investigation of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in 52 wild birds and 20 wild mammals from northern and central areas of portugal by using the modified agglutination test. the birds comprised 26 common buzzards (buteo buteo), five tawny owls (strix aluco), four white storks (ceconia ceconia), three eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo), three northern goshawks (accipiter gentilis), two booted eagles (hieraaetus pennatus), two common barn owls (tyto alba), two eurasian sparrowhawks (accipi ... | 2010 | 21104273 |
| infestation of an owl (bubo bubo) with lucilia spp. | myiasis is an infestation of tissue with the larval stage of dipterous flies. this condition mostly affects the skin but may also occur in certain body cavities. it can occur in either animals or humans and is caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. this disease rarely effects birds especially owls. in this study, infestation of an owl with cutaneous myiasis is reported. in october 2008, a wounded owl was referred by the environmental department ... | 2010 | 20234830 |
| comparative chromosome painting between chicken and spectacled owl (pulsatrix perspicillata): implications for chromosomal evolution in the strigidae (aves, strigiformes). | the spectacled owl (pulsatrix perspicillata), a species found in the neotropical region, has 76 chromosomes, with a high number of biarmed chromosomes. in order to define homologies between gallus gallus and pulsatrixperspicillata (strigiformes, strigidae), we used chromosome painting with chicken dna probes of chromosomes 1-10 and z and telomeric sequences. this approach allowed a comparison between pulsatrixperspicillata and other species of strigidae already analyzed by chromosome painting (s ... | 2008 | 19096211 |
| pcr-based detection and genotyping of haematozoa (protozoa) parasitizing eagle owls, bubo bubo. | we genetically analysed haematozoa parasites (protozoa) isolated from nestling eagle owls (bubo bubo) in toledo province, central spain. a total of 206 nestlings from 74 nests were screened for parasites of the genera leucocytozoon, plasmodium, and haemoproteus using a very efficient polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach that amplifies a partial segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of these parasites. pcr-based detection and sequence analyses revealed a unique lineage of leucocytozo ... | 2009 | 18818949 |
| herpesviruses and newcastle disease viruses in white storks (ciconia ciconia). | three herpesviruses were isolated from white storks (ciconia ciconia). all isolates reacted in cross-neutralisation tests with homologous antisera and with sera prepared against a herpesvirus from a black stork (ciconia nigra). these data indicate serologic relatedness of the herpesviruses from both stork species. antisera prepared against herpesviruses from the domestic chicken (viruses of marek's disease and infectious laryngotracheitis), turkey, duck and pigeon as well as from the blue-fronte ... | 1983 | 18766791 |
| isolation of salmonella enteritidis phage type 21b from a eurasian eagle-owl (bubo bubo). | a case of fatal salmonellosis in a eurasian eagle-owl (bubo bubo) from bursa province (northwestern turkey) is described. the organs of the bird were examined histopathologically and microbiologically. macroscopic and microscopic findings were consistent with a salmonella infection. salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) phage type (pt) 21b was isolated from the liver and spleen in pure culture and from the intestine. the isolate was susceptible to amoxycill ... | 2006 | 17092905 |
| ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations of the avian eye: physiologic appearance, pathologic findings, and comparative biometric measurement. | ultrasonography (us) and computed tomography (ct) were performed after routine ophthalmologic and ophthalmoscopic examinations in 190 eyes of six various diurnal (common buzzard [buteo buteo l., 1758], n = 20; common kestrel [tinnunculus tinnunculus l., 1758], n = 20) and nocturnal raptor species (barn owl [tyto alba l., 1758], n = 22; tawny owl [strix aluco l., 1758], n = 8; long-eared owl [asio otus l., 1758], n = 5; horned owl [bubo bubo l., 1758], n = 1); and domestic pigeons (columba livia, ... | 2006 | 17009515 |
| lead and arsenic in bones of birds of prey from spain. | the bones (humerus and/or femur) of 229 birds of prey from 11 species were analyzed for pb and as to evaluate their exposure to pb shot. the species with the highest mean pb levels were red kite (milvus milvus) and eurasian griffon (gyps fulvus), and the species with the lowest levels were eurasian buzzard (buteo buteo) and booted eagle (hieraaetus pennatus). red kite also had the highest mean as level, an element present in small amounts in pb shot. elevated bone pb concentrations (>10 microg/g ... | 2003 | 12860107 |
| environmental exposure and distribution of lead in four species of raptors in southeastern spain. | the purpose of this study was to monitor exposure to lead in four species of raptors in southeastern spain (murcia region). samples of liver, kidney, brain, blood, and bone from two species of diurnal raptors (european kestrel (falco tinnunculus) and european buzzard (buteo buteo)) and two species of nocturnal raptors (eagle owl (bubo bubo) and little owl (athene noctua)) were obtained during 1994. relationships were found between size and age of the birds, the nearness to areas of human activit ... | 1997 | 9216874 |
| the role of birds as definitive hosts and intermediate hosts of heteroxenous coccidians. | sarcocystis-like oocysts-sporocysts were found in four species of owls (asio otus, bubo bubo, strix aluco, and tyto alba) and in five species of predatory birds (accipiter gentilis, accipiter nisus, buteo buteo, circus aeruginosus, falco tinnunculus). in addition, the muscles of 15 of 41 (36.5%) pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and one of two jays (garrulus glandarius) were found to harbor three types of sarcocystis. three of 15 (20%) infected pheasants had type i cystozoites (6-8 x 2 microns) in ... | 1984 | 6439858 |
| owls may use faeces and prey feathers to signal current reproduction. | many animals communicate by marking focal elements of their home range with different kinds of materials. visual signaling has been demonstrated to play a previously unrecognized role in the intraspecific communication of eagle owls (bubo bubo), in both territorial and parent-offspring contexts. visual signals may play a role in a variety of circumstances in this crepuscular and nocturnal species. | 2008 | 18714382 |
| comparison of the rebound tonometer (tonovet) with the applanation tonometer (tonopen xl) in normal eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo). | to examine the feasibility and accuracy of a handheld rebound tonometer, tonovet, and to compare the intraocular pressure (iop) readings of the tonovet with those of an applanation tonometer, tonopen xl, in normal eurasian eagle owls. | 2007 | 17970999 |
| herpersvirus strigis: host spectrum and distribution in infected owls. | herpesvirus strigis, a new species of the genus herpesvirus, is a pathogen for several species of owls in the order srigiformes. natural infection has been observed in the eagle owl (bubo bubo l.), long-eared owl (asio otus l.) and snowy owl (nyctea scandiaca l.) in addition the little owl (athene noctua scopolic) and tengmalms owl (aegolius funereus l.) was experimentally infected. on the other hand the tawny owl (strix aluco l.) and barn owl (tyto albo scopoli) proved resistant to a massive ex ... | 1975 | 167204 |
| subtle gardeners: inland predators enrich local topsoils and enhance plant growth. | inland vertebrate predators could enrich of nutrients the local top soils in the area surrounding their nests and dens by depositing faeces, urine, and prey remains and, thus, alter the dynamics of plant populations. surprisingly, and in contrast with convincing evidence from coastal habitats, whether and how this phenomenon occurs in inland habitats is largely uncertain even though these habitats represent a major fraction of the earth's surface. we investigated during two consecutive breeding ... | 2015 | 26383647 |
| the normal electrocardiogram of four species of conscious raptors. | the aim of this study was to describe normal ecg patterns and values in four species of conscious raptors (eurasian kestrel, griffon vulture, little owl, and eurasian eagle owl). electrocardiograms were carried out in 75 conscious birds belonging to four species of raptors. lead ii waveforms were analysed to determine amplitudes and durations of waves and intervals. morphologic patterns of p-qrs-t deflections were analysed in the six limb leads. rhythm, heart rate, mean electrical axis, presence ... | 2008 | 17451765 |
| mycotic blepharitis associated with fusarium species in a eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo hispanus). | | 2006 | 17114385 |
| occurrence and biomagnification of organohalogen pollutants in two terrestrial predatory food chains. | organohalogen pollutants (ohps), including dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds), and dechlorane plus (dp), were determined in three raptor species, namely, the common kestrel (falco tinnunculus), eagle owl (bubo bubo), and little owl (athene noctua), as well as in their primary prey items: eurasian tree sparrow (passer montanus) and brown rat (rattus norvegicus). ddts ... | 2013 | 23830888 |
| diversity of quill mites of the family syringophilidae (acari: prostigmata) parasitizing owls (aves: strigiformes) with remarks on the host-parasite relationships. | the quill mite fauna of the family syringophilidae (acari: prostigmata: cheyletoidea) associated with owls (aves: strigiformes) is reviewed. a new genus is proposed, neobubophilus skoracki & unsoeld gen. nov. it differs from closely related bubophilus (bubophilus philips and norton, 1978) by the absence of leg setae vsii in the both sexes. in addition, four new species are described: (1) neobubophilus cunicularius skoracki & unsoeld sp. nov. from athene cunicularia (molina, 1782) (strigidae) fro ... | 2016 | 27220744 |
| laboratory blood analysis in strigiformes-part i: hematologic reference intervals and agreement between manual blood cell counting techniques. | while hematologic reference intervals (ri) are available for multiple raptorial species of the order accipitriformes and falconiformes, there is a lack of valuable hematologic information in strigiformes that can be used for diagnostic and health monitoring purposes. | 2015 | 25627556 |
| factors influencing territorial occupancy and reproductive success in a eurasian eagle-owl (bubo bubo) population. | modelling territorial occupancy and reproductive success is a key issue for better understanding the population dynamics of territorial species. this study aimed to investigate these ecological processes in a eurasian eagle-owl (bubo bubo) population in south-eastern spain during a seven-year period. a multi-season, multi-state modelling approach was followed to estimate the probabilities of occupancy and reproductive success in relation to previous state, time and habitat covariates, and accoun ... | 2017 | 28399175 |
| assessment of trace element concentrations in birds of prey in korea. | this study presents liver concentrations of trace elements of cinereous vultures (aegypius monachus), common buzzards (buteo buteo), common kestrels (falco tinnunculus), and eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo) collected in korea from 2007 to 2008. iron (fe), manganese (mn), copper (cu), lead (pb), and cadmium (cd) concentrations in common kestrel juveniles were greater than in other juveniles of birds of prey. adult cinereous vultures had greater fe, pb, and cd concentrations than in those of other ... | 2016 | 26662578 |
| validation of a quechers method for analysis of neonicotinoids in small volumes of blood and assessment of exposure in eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) nestlings. | neonicotinoid pesticides have gained great interest in the last years both for agricultural and domestic use. since the information on their environmental distribution or the effects derived from exposure to ecosystems and biota is scarce, new analytical techniques are being developed for monitoring studies. in this sense, two extraction techniques based on quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) methodology to detect the neonicotinoids authorised in spain (acetamiprid, clothi ... | 2017 | 28376431 |
| chewing lice (phthiraptera) from wild birds in southern portugal. | this study was carried out to determine chewing louse species of wild birds in the ria formosa natural park, located in southern portugal. in addition, the hypothesis that bird age, avian migration and social behaviour have an impact on the louse prevalence was tested. between september and december of 2013, 122 birds (belonging to 10 orders, 19 families, 31 genera and 35 species) captured in scientific ringing sessions and admitted to the wildlife rehabilitation and investigation centre of ria ... | 2016 | 26899014 |
| colonization with enterobacteriaceae-producing esbls, ampcs, and oxa-48 in wild avian species, spain 2015-2016. | antibiotic resistance is a global threat of complex and changeable epidemiology. the role of wild birds in the dissemination of antibacterial resistance might be underestimated. we studied the cloacal colonization by cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae in 668 wild birds in spain. eighty-eight wild birds (13.2%) of 28 species carried cefotaxime-resistant isolates; 58 of them (8.7%) carried extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and 15 (2.5%) plasmid-mediated ampcs of the blacit family. the 58 ... | 2018 | 29782210 |
| the macroanatomy of the sacral plexus and its nerves in eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo). | this study was carried out to reveal the formation of the sacral plexus in the eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo) and the nerves originating from this plexus. five eeos, three of them were male and two were female, were provided from wildlife rescue and rehabilitation center of kafkas university and used as materials. following the euthanizing of the animals, abdominal cavity was opened. the nerves of plexus sacrales were dissected and photographed. it was detected that the sacral plexus was formed ... | 2016 | 26350760 |
| genetic signatures of demographic changes in an avian top predator during the last century: bottlenecks and expansions of the eurasian eagle owl in the iberian peninsula. | the study of the demographic history of species can help to understand the negative impact of recent population declines in organisms of conservation concern. here, we use neutral molecular markers to explore the genetic consequences of the recent population decline and posterior recovery of the eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) in the iberian peninsula. during the last century, the species was the object of extermination programs, suffering direct persecution by hunters until the 70's. moreover, d ... | 2015 | 26230922 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of eagle owl (bubo bubo, strigiformes; strigidae) from china. | in the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of bubo bubo using pcr amplification, sequencing and assembling has been obtained for the first time. the total length of the mitochondrial genome was 16,250 bp, with the base composition of 29.88% a, 34.16% c, 14.35% g, and 21.58% t. it contained 37 genes (2 ribosomal rna genes, 13 protein-coding genes and 22 transfer rna genes) and a major non-coding control region (d-loop region). the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of b ... | 2016 | 25162495 |
| oxidative stress biomarkers in eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo) in three different scenarios of heavy metal exposure. | the main aim of the present study is the assessment of oxidative stress related to metals in the eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) from three areas (agricultural and rural area, industrial area, and mining area) of murcia, southern spain. mean blood metal concentrations were cd=0.07±0.21, pb=3.27±5.21, cu=10.62±4.77, zn=311.47±67.14, hg=2.32±3.83 μg/dl wet weight. although individuals from the mining area had significant higher pb and hg concentrations, and significant lower glutathione-s-transfera ... | 2014 | 24721131 |
| temporal changes in concentrations of lead and other trace metals in free-ranging eurasian eagle owls bubo bubo in sweden. | patterns of lead and other trace metals were examined in 122 eurasian eagle owls bubo bubo found dead in sweden in the period 1978-2013. environmental lead (pb) has decreased over recent decades from reduced anthropogenic emissions but mortality by pb poisoning is still frequently reported for avian raptors and scavengers exposed to pb ammunition. one objective here was to determine if pb concentrations in a nocturnal non-scavenging raptor follow the general decline observed in other biota. pb c ... | 2019 | 31312864 |
| spatiotemporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in an apex predator: influence of government regulations and farming practices. | intensification of agricultural practices has caused several negative effects to the environment. the use of fertilizers and pesticides may alter geochemical cycles or cause direct wildlife intoxication. detrimental effects of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) have forced the authorities to ban or restrict its use. this study evaluates the variation in levels of ocps in a sentinel species in relation to changes in government regulations and the spatial configuration of agricultural practices arou ... | 2019 | 31260915 |
| factors that influence mercury concentrations in nestling eagle owls (bubo bubo). | mercury (hg) is a global pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food chains, and is associated with adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. the hg levels detected in blood obtained from eagle owl (bubo bubo) chicks in southeast spain (murcia) can be considered low (mean hg concentration in blood from 2006 to 2012 was 36.83 ± 145.58 μg/l wet weigh, n=600), and it is therefore unlikely that hg pollution can negatively affect their breeding. positive correlation (r=0.339, p<0.001, n ... | 2014 | 24246936 |
| population characteristics may reduce the levels of individual call identity. | individual variability influences the demographic and evolutionary dynamics of spatially structured populations, and conversely ecological and evolutionary dynamics provide the context under which variations at the individual level occur. therefore, it is essential to identify and characterize the importance of the different factors that may promote or hinder individual variability. animal signaling is a prime example of a type of behavior that is largely dependent on both the features of indivi ... | 2013 | 24204869 |
| distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in feather and muscle of the birds of prey from beijing, china. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in the feather and muscle of common kestrels (falco tinnunculus), eagle owls (bubo bubo) and little owls (athene noctua) collected from beijing, china were investigated. the concentrations of ∑23pbdes in the muscle and feather of all the birds of prey ranged from 46 to 7.77 × 104 ng/g lipid weight (lw; median 241 ng/g lw) and 1.50-191 ng/g dry weight (dw; median 21.1 ng/g dw), respectively. higher brominated congeners, e.g., bde-209, -153, -207 and -196 wer ... | 2018 | 30212735 |
| individual and spatio-temporal variations in the home range behaviour of a long-lived, territorial species. | despite the fact that investigations of home range behaviour have exponentially evolved on theoretical, analytical and technological grounds, the factors that shape animal home range behaviour still represent an unsolved question and a challenging field of research. however, home range studies have recently begun to be approached under a new integrated conceptual framework, considering home range behaviour as the result of the simultaneous influences of temporal, spatial and individual-level pro ... | 2013 | 23086505 |
| organohalogen exposure in a eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) population from southeastern spain: temporal-spatial trends and risk assessment. | polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and organochlorine insecticides (ocs) were analysed in 58 eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) unhatched eggs collected between 2004 and 2009 in southeastern spain. levels of p,p'-dde were found to be higher than in eggs laid by other european owls in the same decade, probably due to the greater agricultural activity in our study area. compared to other european raptors, exposure to pcbs can be considered intermediate, but low to ... | 2012 | 22503462 |
| biological monitoring of heavy metal contaminations using owls. | iron, manganese, copper, lead and cadmium were measured in the livers, muscles, kidneys and bones of eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo), brown hawk owls (nixos scutulata) and collared scops owls (otus lempiji) from korea. iron concentrations by tissue within species did not differ, but there were significant differences among tissues across all species. manganese and copper concentrations in muscles, kidneys and bones, but not livers, differed among species and also differed among tissues in the th ... | 2012 | 22344174 |
| causes of morbidity in wild raptor populations admitted at a wildlife rehabilitation centre in spain from 1995-2007: a long term retrospective study. | morbidity studies complement the understanding of hazards to raptors by identifying natural or anthropogenic factors. descriptive epidemiological studies of wildlife have become an important source of information about hazards to wildlife populations. on the other hand, data referenced to the overall wild population could provide a more accurate assessment of the potential impact of the morbidity/mortality causes in populations of wild birds. | 2011 | 21966362 |
| superpredation increases mercury levels in a generalist top predator, the eagle owl. | superpredation can increase the length of the food chain and potentially lead to mercury (hg) bioaccumulation in top predators. we analysed the relationship of hg concentrations in eagle owls bubo bubo to diet composition and the percentage of mesopredators in the diet. hg levels were measured in the adult feathers of eagle owls from 33 owl territories in the south-western iberian peninsula, and in three trophic levels of their prey: primary consumers, secondary consumers and mesopredators. in a ... | 2011 | 21298339 |
| blood lead levels and δ-alad inhibition in nestlings of eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) to assess lead exposure associated to an abandoned mining area. | in order to biomonitor lead contamination in southeastern spain, 218 blood samples from 28 to 30-day old eurasian eagle owl chicks (bubo bubo) born between 2003 and 2007 were analysed. in general, mean lead levels showed that chicks were exposed to background concentrations. however, mean levels in chicks born in an ancient and abandoned mining site ("sierra minera cartagena-la union") or in their surroundings (geometric mean (gm) = 5.83 μg/dl, range 0.49-25.61 μg/dl), an area highly polluted by ... | 2011 | 21076940 |
| the effect of phenotypic traits and external cues on natal dispersal movements. | 1. natal dispersal has the potential to affect most ecological and evolutionary processes. however, despite its importance, this complex ecological process still represents a significant gap in our understanding of animal ecology due to both the lack of empirical data and the intrinsic complexity of dispersal dynamics. 2. by studying natal dispersal of 74 radiotagged juvenile eagle owls bubo bubo (linnaeus), in both the wandering and the settlement phases, we empirically addressed the complex in ... | 2010 | 20102419 |
| moonlight makes owls more chatty. | lunar cycles seem to affect many of the rhythms, temporal patterns and behaviors of living things on earth. ambient light is known to affect visual communication in animals, with the conspicuousness of visual signals being largely determined by the light available for reflection by the sender. although most previous studies in this context have focused on diurnal light, moonlight should not be neglected from the perspective of visual communication among nocturnal species. we recently discovered ... | 2010 | 20098700 |
| biomechanics of dromaeosaurid dinosaur claws: application of x-ray microtomography, nanoindentation, and finite element analysis. | dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs, such as velociraptor, possess strongly recurved, hypertrophied and hyperextensible ungual claws on the pes (digit ii) and manus. the morphology of these unguals has been linked to the capture and despatching of prey. however, the mechanical properties or, more importantly, the mechanical potential of these structures have not been explored. generation of a 3d finite element (fe) stress/strain contour map of a velociraptor manual ungual has allowed us to evaluate ... | 2009 | 19711472 |
| mountain hare populations on islands: effects of predation by red fox. | on islands off the west coast of sweden the density of mountain hares (lepus timidus l.) is very high. one of the main predators on hares, the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.), is only present during short periods. data on hare density and predation by red fox and eagle owl (bubo bubo (l.)) has been analyzed from five islands over several years. winter mortality in years with low predation pressure was independent of hare density. but when red fox or eagle owl were present on islands (i.e., high preda ... | 1989 | 28311185 |
| [new data on the eating habits of owl (bubo bubo l.) in arid northern caspian regions]. | | 2006 | 14777141 |
| laboratory blood analysis in strigiformes-part ii: plasma biochemistry reference intervals and agreement between the abaxis vetscan v2 and the roche cobas c501. | limited plasma biochemical information is available in strigiformes. only one study investigated the agreement between a point-of-care with a reference laboratory analyzer for biochemistry variables in birds. | 2015 | 25613649 |
| novel avian oropharyngeal trichomonads isolated from european turtle doves (streptopelia turtur) and racing pigeons (columba livia): genetic and morphometric characterisation of clonal cultures. | extensive diversity has been described within the avian oropharyngeal trichomonad complex in recent years. in this study we developed clonal cultures from four isolates selected by their different its1/5.8s/its2 (its) genotype and their association with gross lesions of avian trichomonosis. isolates were obtained from an adult racing pigeon and a nestling of eurasian eagle owl with macroscopic lesions, and from a juvenile wood pigeon and an european turtle dove without clinical signs. multi-locu ... | 2017 | 28864154 |
| urbanization and cattle density are determinants in the exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides of non-target wildlife. | the persistence and toxicity of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (sgars) in animal tissues make these compounds dangerous by biomagnification in predatory species. here we studied the levels of sgars in non-target species of wildlife and the environmental factors that influence such exposure. liver samples of terrestrial vertebrates (n = 244) found dead between 2007 and 2016 in the region of aragón (ne spain) were analysed. the presence of sgars was statistically analysed with binary ... | 2019 | 30390453 |
| blood concentrations of 50 elements in eagle owl (bubo bubo) at different contamination scenarios and related effects on plasma vitamin levels. | some metals and metalloids (e.g. pb, hg, cd and as) are well-known for their bioaccumulation capacity and their toxic effects on birds, but concerns on other minor elements and rare earth elements (me and ree) are growing due to their intensive use in modern technology and potential toxicity. vitamins and carotenoids play essential roles in nestling growth and proper development, and are known to be affected by the metals classically considered as toxic. however, we are unaware of any attempts t ... | 2020 | 32593922 |
| resurrection of the genus eumonospora (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) for caryospora species without stieda body. | the coccidian genus eumonospora allen, 1933 is re-established. despite morphological features and host preference among species, coccidian with octasporozoic and monosporocystic oocysts are traditionally consider to belonging in the genus caryospora léger, 1904 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae). recently, the genus avispora schuster et al., 2016 was proposed for above caryosporoids parasitizing birds based on combined morphological and phylogenetic analyses. however, diagnostic morphological characters ... | 2020 | 32147506 |
| prey size as a critical factor for bird bone taphonomy in eagle owl (bubo bubo) pellets. | each predator hunts and consumes its prey in a particular way. consequently, the traces left by predators on bones might vary according to the manner in which the prey are processed. for this reason, prey size has been proposed as a key issue that affects the damage inflicted on bones. the eagle owl (bubo bubo) is one of the main potential predators of small prey found in archaeological sites. however, detailed taphonomic research describing bone accumulations produced by this nocturnal raptor i ... | 2019 | 31844159 |
| raptor genomes reveal evolutionary signatures of predatory and nocturnal lifestyles. | birds of prey (raptors) are dominant apex predators in terrestrial communities, with hawks (accipitriformes) and falcons (falconiformes) hunting by day and owls (strigiformes) hunting by night. | 2019 | 31464627 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses detected in wild owls in slovenia. | herpesvirus (hv) was detected using pcr in the organs of eight of 55 wild owls (14.5%) from seven species that were found dead in various locations in slovenia between 1995 and 2015. hv was detected in three species: the eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo), ural owl (strix uralensis), and long-eared owl (asio otus). phylogenetic analysis of partial dna polymerase gene nucleotide sequences showed that the detected hvs are similar to the avian and mammal alphaherpesviruses. two sequences were very simi ... | 2018 | 31119924 |
| owls lack uv-sensitive cone opsin and red oil droplets, but see uv light at night: retinal transcriptomes and ocular media transmittance. | most diurnal birds have cone-dominated retinae and tetrachromatic colour vision based on ultra-violet/violet-sensitive uv/v cones expressing short wavelength-sensitive opsin 1 (sws1), s cones expressing short wavelength-sensitive opsin 2 (sws2), m cones expressing medium wavelength-sensitive opsin (rh2) and l cones expressing long wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws). double cones (d) express lws but do not contribute to colour vision. each cone is equipped with an oil droplet, transparent in uv/v c ... | 2019 | 30825468 |
| aspergillus section nigri-associated calcium oxalate crystals in an eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo). | an adult male eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) housed at a wildlife rehabilitation facility in southern oregon died after a short period of progressive ill-thrift. radiographs taken prior to death demonstrated abnormal radiopaque material in the coelom and the owl was submitted for postmortem examination. black pigmented fungus was noted grossly, particularly in the respiratory tissues, with abundant oxalate crystal deposition associated with and without hyphal elements subsequently observed histo ... | 2018 | 29955435 |
| what determines prey selection in owls? roles of prey traits, prey class, environmental variables, and taxonomic specialization. | ecological theory suggests that prey size should increase with predator size, but this trend may be masked by other factors affecting prey selection, such as environmental constraints or specific prey preferences of predator species. owls are an ideal case study for exploring how predator body size affects prey selection in the presence of other factors due to the ease of analyzing their diets from owl pellets and their widespread distributions, allowing interspecific comparisons between variabl ... | 2018 | 29607033 |
| feather content of porphyrins in eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) fledglings depends on body condition and breeding site quality. | porphyrins are pigments produced in most animal cells during the synthesis of heme, but their importance for external coloration is unclear. owls (order strigiformes) are among the few animals that accumulate porphyrins in the integument, where it could serve as a means of signaling. here we hypothesized that the porphyrin content of feathers may depend on body condition and breeding site quality in eurasian eagle owl (bubo bubo) fledglings and, thus, constitute amplifiers of the quality of the ... | 2018 | 29436755 |
| metal concentrations in eurasian eagle owl pellets as a function of reproductive variables in korea. | eight metals were analyzed in the pellet of eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo) breeding in korea: paju, ganghwa, gimpo, and sihwa, gyeonggi-do (n = 15, respectively). except for cadmium (cd), concentrations of all metals differed among sites (anova, p < 0.001); sihwa had relatively higher metal concentrations compared with other sites. clutch size did not differ among the four sites. however, sihwa had the greatest nesting success and number of fledglings (per hatchlings and laid egg) and highest m ... | 2018 | 28975388 |
| west nile and usutu virus infections in wild birds admitted to rehabilitation centres in extremadura, western spain, 2017-2019. | west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging flavivirus transmitted generally by mosquitoes of culex genus. it is maintained in an enzootic life cycle where birds act as reservoir hosts. humans and horses are also susceptible to infection, and occasionally, they suffer from neurological complications. however, they do not transmit the virus to other vectors, behaving as dead-end hosts. sporadic wnv outbreaks observed in horses and wild birds from extremadura (western spain) during 2016 and 2017 seasons ... | 2021 | 33677369 |
| heavy-metal concentrations in three owl species from korea. | this study presents concentrations of heavy metals (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, and cadmium) in livers of three owl species from korea. essential trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, and copper) did not differ among the owl species. we suggest that the essential elements are within the normal range and are maintained by normal homeostatic mechanisms. lead and cadmium concentrations in eurasian eagle owls (bubo bubo) were significantly lower than in brown hawk owls (nixos scutulata) an ... | 2008 | 17955366 |
| [successful rehabilitation and release with a subsequent brood of a one-eyed eagle owl (bubo bubo)]. | the rehabilitation and release of injured or ill raptors and owls is widespread. the overall aim of this intervention is the successful reintroduction of the bird into the wild population. though many injuries are treatable, it is thought that vision-impaired birds have no change of survival and their release is refused. here we report a case study and give a description of the rehabilitation and subsequent release of an injured eagle owl (bubo bubo). the bird was found with an injured eye and a ... | 2015 | 17555036 |
| dental microwear and mesowear of the microtus voles molars before and after experimental feeding of owls. | in small mammals, the degree of micro- and mesowear of molars depends on the feed hardness, abrasiveness, and some other characteristics. analysis of micro- and mesorelief of the paleontological material is used for reconstruction of some animal diet parameters. small mammals pass through a series of complex transformations on the way from the objects of biocenosis to paleontological objects. bone remains underwent transformations during accumulation and fossilization. in particular, bone remain ... | 2019 | 31317450 |
| models for human porphyrias: have animals in the wild been overlooked?: some birds and mammals accumulate significant amounts of porphyrins in the body without showing the injurious symptoms observed in human porphyrias. | humans accumulate porphyrins in the body mostly during the course of porphyrias, diseases caused by defects in the enzymes of the heme biosynthesis pathway and that produce acute attacks, skin lesions and liver cancer. in contrast, some wild mammals and birds are adapted to accumulate porphyrins without injurious consequences. here we propose viewing such physiological adaptations as potential solutions to human porphyrias, and suggest certain wild animals as models. given the enzymatic activity ... | 2020 | 33155299 |
| serological evidence of h5-subtype influenza a virus infection in indigenous avian and mammalian species in korea. | in korea, h5-subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) has caused huge economic losses in poultry farms through outbreaks of h5n1 since 2003, h5n8 since 2013 and h5n6 since 2016. although it was reported that long-distance migratory birds may play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses (aivs), transmission from such birds to poultry has not been confirmed. intermediate hosts in the wild also may be a potential factor in viral transmission. therefore, a total of 367 s ... | 2018 | 29204739 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. avium found in raptors exposed to infected domestic fowl. | we report a case of a falcon breeding facility, where raptors (both diurnal and nocturnal) were raised in contact with domestic fowl (gallus gallus f. domesticus) infected by mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. fecal and environmental samples from 20 raptors and four common ravens (corvus corax) were collected. mycobacterium a. avium dna was detected in feces of four raptors (bald eagle [haliaeetus leucocephalus], eagle owl [bubo bubo], barn owl [tyto alba], and little owl [athene noctua]) using t ... | 2013 | 24283140 |