| comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the cloacae of salamanders (amphibia: caudata). iv. salamandridae. | cloacae were examined from male and female salamanders representing 12 genera and 22 species in the salamandridae. all female salamandrids possess numerous sperm storage glands, spermathecae, in the roof of the cloaca, but intergeneric variation exists in the occurrence of additional cloacal glands. pleurodeles and tylototriton possess both vent and anterior ventral glands, and secondary loss has occurred of vent glands in all other genera and anterior ventral glands in chioglossa, cynops, param ... | 1992 | 1605387 |
| behavioral sensitivity of the european blind cave salamander, proteus anguinus, and a pyrenean newt, euproctus asper, to electrical fields in water. | in the urodeles proteus anguinus and euproctus asper, thresholds of an overt avoidance response to weak electrical field stimuli (continuous sine-waves) were measured as a function of frequency. thresholds down to 0.1 mv/cm (30 na/cm2) were found in p. anguinus and 2 mv/cm (600 na/cm2) in e. asper at 'best frequencies' (b.f.) of 20-30 hz, but sensitivity covered a total frequency range of below 0.1 hz to 1-2 khz, with up to 70 db higher thresholds. average thresholds of 1 mv/cm in p. anguinus an ... | 1997 | 9063590 |
| behavioural, physiological and metabolic responses to long-term starvation and refeeding in a blind cave-dwelling (proteus anguinus) and a surface-dwelling (euproctus asper) salamander. | the effects of long-term starvation and subsequent refeeding on haematological variables, behaviour, rates of oxygen consumption and intermediary and energy metabolism were studied in morphologically similar surface- and cave-dwelling salamanders. to provide a hypothetical general model representing the responses of amphibians to food stress, a sequential energy strategy has been proposed, suggesting that four successive phases (termed stress, transition, adaptation and recovery) can be distingu ... | 2001 | 11136613 |
| high anoxia tolerance in the subterranean salamander proteus anguinus without oxidative stress nor activation of antioxidant defenses during reoxygenation. | the present study describes a high anoxia tolerance in an amphibian at high temperature. indeed, the subterranean salamander proteus anguinus survived 12 h under anoxia at 12 degrees c. surprisingly, such experimental conditions did not affect p. anguinus oxidative status while muscles and liver antioxidant enzymes activities decreased under 8 h anoxia and only return to basal level during reoxygenation. to test if such adaptation is common in urodels, equivalent experimentations have been condu ... | 2009 | 19148651 |
| myosin structure and thyroidian control of myosin synthesis in urodelan amphibian skeletal muscle. | electrophoretic analysis in non-dissociating conditions reveals three types of myosin in adult urodelan amphibian skeletal muscles: 3 isoforms of fast myosin (fm), one isoform of intermediate myosin (im) and one or two isoforms of slow myosin (sm). each type is characterized by a specific heavy chain hcf (fm), hci (im) and hcs (sm), respectively. in all urodelan species, as in mammals, fast isomyosins associate hcf and the three fast light chains lc1f, lc2f, and lc3f. in most urodelan species th ... | 1999 | 2144184 |
| why are the prevalence and diversity of helminths in the endemic pyrenean brook newt calotriton asper (amphibia, salamandridae) so low? | a cornerstone in parasitology is why some species or populations are more parasitized than others. here we examine the influence of host characteristics and habitat on parasite prevalence. we studied the helminths parasitizing the pyrenean brook newt calotriton asper (n= 167), paying special attention to the relationship between parasites and ecological factors such as habitat, sex, ontogeny, body size and age of the host. we detected two species of parasites, megalobatrachonema terdentatum (nem ... | 2015 | 24160745 |
| no signs of inbreeding despite long-term isolation and habitat fragmentation in the critically endangered montseny brook newt (calotriton arnoldi). | endemic species with restricted geographic ranges potentially suffer the highest risk of extinction. if these species are further fragmented into genetically isolated subpopulations, the risk of extinction is elevated. habitat fragmentation is generally considered to have negative effects on species survival, despite some evidence for neutral or even positive effects. typically, non-negative effects are ignored by conservation biology. the montseny brook newt (calotriton arnoldi) has one of the ... | 2017 | 28074844 |
| what remains from a 454 run: estimation of success rates of microsatellite loci development in selected newt species (calotriton asper, lissotriton helveticus, and triturus cristatus) and comparison with illumina-based approaches. | the development of microsatellite loci has become more efficient using next-generation sequencing (ngs) approaches, and many studies imply that the amount of applicable loci is large. however, few studies have sought to quantify the number of loci that are retained for use out of the thousands of sequence reads initially obtained. we analyzed the success rate of microsatellite loci development for three amphibian species using a 454 ngs approach on tetra-nucleotide motif-enriched species-specifi ... | 2013 | 24198952 |
| integrative phylogeography of calotriton newts (amphibia, salamandridae), with special remarks on the conservation of the endangered montseny brook newt (calotriton arnoldi). | the genus calotriton includes two species of newts highly adapted to live in cold and fast-flowing mountain springs. the pyrenean brook newt (calotriton asper), restricted to the pyrenean region, and the montseny brook newt (calotriton arnoldi), endemic to the montseny massif and one of the most endangered amphibian species in europe. in the present manuscript, we use an integrative approach including species distribution modeling (sdm), molecular analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear dna sequen ... | 2013 | 23750201 |
| marked genetic structuring and extreme dispersal limitation in the pyrenean brook newt calotriton asper (amphibia: salamandridae) revealed by genome-wide aflp but not mtdna. | direct estimation of dispersal rates at large geographic scales can be technically and logistically challenging, especially in small animals of low vagility like amphibians. the use of molecular markers to reveal patterns of genetic structure provides an indirect way to infer dispersal rates and patterns of recent and historical gene flow among populations. here, we use mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence data and genome-wide amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to examine population st ... | 2010 | 19943891 |
| selection of physiological and metabolic adaptations to food deprivation in the pyrenean newt calotriton asper during cave colonisation. | food restriction is one of the major and most common constraints that subterranean animals face in their biotope. cave-dwelling organisms thus have to cope with fasting periods that can extend from a month to a year. however, adaptive fasting resistance previously found in subterranean fauna has only been highlighted by direct comparisons with phylogenetically distant epigean organisms, which could severely impact conclusions. here we report physiological and metabolic responses to 42 days of fa ... | 2010 | 19818868 |
| does the pyrenean salamander euproctus asper use chemical cues for sex identification and mating behaviour? | this paper examined the potentiality of chemical cues for sex identification and mating activity in euproctus asper. the study tested the ability of males and females to distinguish between the odour of animals of their own sex and that of animals of the opposite sex, as it was carried to them by water flowing over another animal. their ability to distinguish between water flowing over another e. asper and water flowing over a control, where no other animal was present, was also tested. then, th ... | 1999 | 24925498 |
| predation in caves: the effects of prey immobility and darkness on the foraging behaviour of two salamanders, euproctus asper and proteus anguinus. | the behavioural responses of the blind cave salamander proteus anguinus and the pyrenean salamander euproctus asper (a facultative cave dweller) to living and dead chironomids offered in light or in darkness were studied experimentally. both species were able to detect and locate single prey items positioned at distances of 30 cm. proteus responded to dead prey in light faster and captured live prey in darkness earlier than e. asper. e. asper captured live prey in light earlier than in darkness. ... | 1992 | 24924789 |
| [plasma androgens and 17 beta-estradiol of the pyrenean urodele euproctus asper during the period of reproduction]. | the concentration of plasma androgens (a) and 17 beta-estradiol (e) in both males and females of euproctus asper from june to november was determined by radioimmunoassay. the levels of androgens in males varied from a maximum of 980 ng/100 ml in june to a minimum of 172.5 ng/100 ml in july. a small increase was observed in september and a decrease in october-november. the concentration of androgens in females was comparable to that of males at the end of the cycle: 320 ng/100 ml; the values were ... | 1985 | 4007474 |
| [mapping of serum proteins of the pyrenean urodele euproctus asper (duges): stability in view of species division]. | | 1973 | 4712870 |
| variation of preferred body temperatures along an altitudinal gradient: a multi-species study. | temperature affects the physiological functions of ectotherms. to maintain optimal body temperature and ensure physiological performance, these organisms can use behavioral adjustments to keep the body temperature in their specific temperature range, so-called preferred temperature (tpref). it is therefore crucial to describe and understand how tpref vary within and amongst populations to predict the effects of climate change of altitudinal range shifts in organisms. we aimed at determining the ... | 2018 | 30196897 |
| multiple glacial refugia and contemporary dispersal shape the genetic structure of an endemic amphibian from the pyrenees. | historical factors (colonization scenarios, demographic oscillations) and contemporary processes (population connectivity, current population size) largely contribute to shaping species' present-day genetic diversity and structure. in this study, we use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear dna markers to understand the role of quaternary climatic oscillations and present-day gene flow dynamics in determining the genetic diversity and structure of the newt calotriton asper (al. dugès, 1852) ... | 2020 | 32563209 |
| jailed in the mountains: genetic diversity and structure of an endemic newt species across the pyrenees. | the pyrenees represent a natural laboratory for biogeographic, evolutionary and ecological research of mountain fauna as a result of the high variety of habitats and the profound effect of the glacial and interglacial periods. there is a paucity of studies providing a detailed insight into genetic processes and better knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and how they are maintained under high altitude conditions. this is of particular interest when considering the course of past climat ... | 2018 | 30071027 |