| suppressive effects of destruxin b on hepatitis b virus surface antigen gene expression in human hepatoma cells. | destruxin b, a cyclodepsipeptide was originally identified as a plant pathogen from the fungus, alternaria brassicae. we examined the antiviral activity of destruxin b and found that it suppresses the expression of the hepatitis b viral surface antigen (hbsag) gene in human hepatoma hep3b cells which carry an integrated viral gene in its chromosome. in contrast, destruxin b shows no cytotoxic effect on the viability of the cells. furthermore, it can be shown that destruxin b can reversibly suppr ... | 1997 | 9191021 |
| comparison of the phytotoxic activity of the phytotoxin destruxin b and four natural analogs. | a quantitative bioassay utilizing staining of plant cell suspension cultures of sinapis alba was employed to establish a structure-phytotoxic activity correlation among destruxin b, homodestruxin b, and desmethyldestruxin b, toxins produced by alternaria brassicae (berk.) sacc., the causative agent of alternaria blackspot of brassicas. in addition, the phytotoxicity of destruxin b, homodestruxin b, and their respective metabolites hydroxydestruxin b and hydroxyhomodestruxin b were tested on resi ... | 2000 | 10936525 |
| in planta sequential hydroxylation and glycosylation of a fungal phytotoxin: avoiding cell death and overcoming the fungal invader. | to facilitate plant colonization, some pathogenic fungi produce phytotoxic metabolites that damage tissues; plants may be resistant to a particular pathogen if they produce an enzyme(s) that catalyzes detoxification of this metabolite(s). alternaria blackspot is one of the most damaging and significant fungal diseases of brassica crops, with no source of resistance known within the brassica species. destruxin b is the major phytotoxin produced by the blackspot-causing fungus, alternaria brassica ... | 2001 | 11149945 |
| complex formation of myrosinase isoenzymes in oilseed rape seeds are dependent on the presence of myrosinase-binding proteins. | the enzyme myrosinase (ec 3.2.3.1) degrades the secondary compounds glucosinolates upon wounding and serves as a defense to generalist pests in capparales. certain myrosinases are present in complexes together with other proteins such as myrosinase-binding proteins (mbp) in extracts of oilseed rape (brassica napus) seeds. immunhistochemical analysis of wild-type seeds showed that mbps were present in most cells but not in the myrosin cells, indicating that the complex formation observed in extra ... | 2002 | 12177471 |
| comparative physiological responses in chinese cabbage induced by herbivory and fungal infection. | fungal infection of chinese cabbage leaves by alternaria brassicae has earlier been shown to have detrimental effects on larval development of the chrysomelid beetle phaedon cochleariae. furthermore, adults of this leaf beetle avoid fungus-infected chinese cabbage leaves for oviposition and feeding. however, herbivory had no impact on fungal growth. in this study, we investigated physiological responses of the host plant to herbivore attack and fungal infection in order to elucidate the mechanis ... | 2002 | 12564792 |
| indirect interactions between a phytopathogenic and an entomopathogenic fungus. | slow growth in herbivores may lead to higher mortality, due to prolonged exposure to natural enemies. a number of studies has tested the 'slow-growth, high-mortality' hypothesis using predators or parasitoids as natural enemies of the herbivore, but the possible role of pathogens is poorly documented. we provide evidence that phytopathogenic infection of a plant enhances the susceptibility of herbivore larvae to a generalist entomopathogen. larvae of the mustard leaf beetle phaedon cochleariae g ... | 2003 | 12590299 |
| screening of oxylipins for control of oilseed rape (brassica napus) fungal pathogens. | oxylipins are products of oxygenase-catalyzed reactions of fatty acids. oxylipins have been found or implied to participate in a variety of different functions in or between organisms. in this report we investigated the potential of various naturally occurring oxylipins found in plants for their effects as fungicides on a number of fungal pathogens interfering with brassica cultivation. the fungi investigated were alternaria brassicae, leptosphaeria maculans, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and vertici ... | 2003 | 12657302 |
| overexpression of a brassica nigra cdna gives enhanced resistance to leptosphaeria maculans in b. napus. | using a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy, we have isolated a cdna sequence from brassica nigra, denoted lm1, which significantly improves blackleg resistance when expressed in transgenic oilseed rape, b. napus. lm1 was shown to map to locations on linkage groups 3 and 8 in the brassica b-genome previously linked to both cotyledon, adult leaf, and stem resistance. b. napus plants transformed with lm1 under the control of a constitutive promoter exhibited broad spectrum resistance to all l ... | 2003 | 12795374 |
| [influence of light on mycelia and conidia formation in alternaria brassicae var. dauci]. | | 1955 | 13249519 |
| chitinase-mediated inhibitory activity of brassica transgenic on growth of alternaria brassicae. | chitinase, capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi, plays an important role in plant defense response, particularly when this enzyme is overexpressed through genetic engineering. in the present study, brassica plant (brassica juncea l.) was transformed with chitinase gene tagged with an overexpressing promoter 35 s camv. the putative transgenics were assayed for their inhibitory activity against alternaria brassicae, the inducer of alternaria leaf spot of brassica b ... | 2003 | 14570264 |
| analysis of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene from alternaria brassicae and flanking genomic sequences. | very little information is currently available concerning the pathogenic determinants produced by alternaria brassicae, the causal agent of the blackspot disease of crucifers. we screened a genomic library of this fungus and identified a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) gene named abrepsy1. the complete coding sequence is 22 kbp long and encodes a large protein (792 kda) showing typical nrps modular organization. structural analysis of abrepsy1 revealed four complete elongation modules, tw ... | 2004 | 14727058 |
| a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase mediates non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activation in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is a significant human pathogen. non-ribosomal peptide (nrp) synthesis is thought to be responsible for a significant proportion of toxin and siderophore production in the organism. furthermore, it has been shown that 4'-phosphopantetheinylation is required for the activation of key enzymes involved in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis in other species. here we report the cloning, recombinant expression and functional characterisation of a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase f ... | 2005 | 15719355 |
| the development and endophytic nature of the fungus heteroconium chaetospira. | the root endophytic fungus heteroconium chaetospira was isolated from roots of chinese cabbage grown in field soil in japan. this fungus penetrates through the outer epidermal cells of its host, passes into the inner cortex, and grows throughout the cortical cells, including those of the root tip region, without causing apparent pathogenic symptoms. there are no ultrastructural signs of host resistance responses. h. chaetospira has been recovered from 19 plant species in which there was no disru ... | 2005 | 16168582 |
| characterization of the anti-fungal activity of a bacillus spp. associated with sclerotia from sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | sclerotinia sclerotiorum fruiting bodies (sclerotia) were found to harbour bacteria that possess anti-fungal activity. among 1,140 bacterial isolates collected, 32 were found to inhibit the growth of four common fungal pathogens of canola, s. sclerotiorum, rhizoctonia solani, alternaria brassicae and leptosphaeria maculans. one of these broad-spectrum isolates, lev-006, was found to be closely related to bacillus subtilis based on 16s rrna analysis. the anti-fungal activities were purified and f ... | 2006 | 16496141 |
| direct evidence of plant-pathogenic activity of fungal metabolites of trichothecium roseum on apple. | apples were exposed to various concentrations of roseotoxins - metabolites of trichothecium roseum and kinetic fluorescence imaging was used to detect the area influenced by the phytotoxin. contrast was quantified within these images between the areas exposed to roseotoxins and the untreated areas. it was proved that roseotoxin b is able to penetrate apple peel and produce chlorotic lesions. activity of roseotoxin b is similar as the activity of destruxins, host specific phytotoxins of alternari ... | 2006 | 16830194 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable non-specific lipid transfer protein-like antimicrobial protein from motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt) seeds. | in screening for potent antimicrobial proteins from plant seeds, a novel heat-stable antimicrobial protein, designated ljamp2, was purified from seeds of the motherwort (leonurus japonicus houtt), a medicine herb, with a procedure involving cation exchange chromatography on a cm ff column, and reverse phase hplcs on c8 column and c18 column. ljamp2 exhibited a molecular mass of 6.2 kda determined. automated edman degradation determined the partial n-terminal sequence of ljamp2 to be nh2-aigcntva ... | 2006 | 16979797 |
| transgenic indian mustard (brassica juncea) expressing tomato glucanase leads to arrested growth of alternaria brassicae. | brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop of the indian sub-continent. yield loss due to fungal disease alternaria leaf spot caused by alternaria brassicae is a serious problem in cultivation of this crop. nonavailability of resistance genes within crossable germplasms of brassica necessitates use of genetic engineering strategies to develop genetic resistance against this pathogen. the pathogenesis related (pr) proteins are group of plant proteins that are toxic to invading fungal pathogens, ... | 2007 | 17016733 |
| protection of oilseed rape (brassica napus) toward fungal pathogens by strains of plant-associated bacillus amyloliquefaciens. | in this report, four bacillus strains were tested for effects on plant fitness and disease protection of oilseed rape (brassica napus). the strains belonged to newly discovered plant-associated bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a recently proposed species, bacillus endophyticus. the fungal pathogens tested represented different infection strategies and included alternaria brassicae, botrytis cinerea, leptosphaeria maculans, and verticillium longisporum. the b. amyloliquefaciens strains showed no or ... | 2007 | 17186140 |
| antifungal activity of some diaryl ethers. | several diaryl ethers were synthesized and tested in vitro against seven phytopathogenic fungi, namely fusarium graminearum, alternaria alternate, helminthosporium sorokinianum, pyricularia oryzae, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum and alternaria brassicae. compared to a commercial agricultural fungicide, hymexazol, especially compounds a, b, e, g and k were found to be more effective at 50 mug/ml against f. graminearum, f. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum ... | 2007 | 18057754 |
| a novel small antifungal peptide from bacillus strain b-tl2 isolated from tobacco stems. | a novel small antifungal peptide produced by a bacillus strain b-tl2 isolated from tobacco stems was purified. the purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose fast flow column and reverse-phase hplc on source 5rpc column. after the final isolation step, one peptide with antifungal activity, designated as btl, was obtained. the molecular mass of the purified btl was determined as 2500 da and 2237.7 da by sds-page and matrix-as ... | 2008 | 18241956 |
| synthesis, characterization, spectral studies and antifungal activity of mn(ii), fe(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) complexes with 2-(4- sulphophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-napthalene disulphonic acid trisodium salt. | complexes of the type na(6)[m(hl)(2)(h(2)o)(2)], where m= mn(ii), fe(ii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) and na(3)h(2)l= 2-(4-sulphophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy 3,6 naphthalene disulphonic acid trisodium salt, have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical (elemental analyses, solubility, electrolytic conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurement) and spectral (uv-visible, ir, esr, powder x-ray diffraction) techniques for their structure and studied for their antifungal activity a ... | 2005 | 18365101 |
| rlm3, a tir domain encoding gene involved in broad-range immunity of arabidopsis to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. | here, we describe the rapid cloning of a plant gene, leptosphaeria maculans 3 (rlm3(col)), which encodes a putative toll interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding (tir-nb) class protein, which is involved in defence against the fungal pathogen l. maculans and against three other necrotrophic fungi. we have, through microarray-based case control bulk segregant comparisons of transcriptomes in pools of col-0 x an-1 progeny, identified the absence of a locus that causes susceptibility in an-1. the ... | 2008 | 18397376 |
| alternaria brassicae produces a host-specific protein toxin from germinating spores on host leaves. | spore suspensions of alternaria brassicae, the causal agent of gray leaf spot in brassica plants, were incubated on the leaves of cabbage (b. oleracea) and spore germination fluid (sgf) was collected after 48 h. a high molecular weight (hmw) fraction (>10 kda) was separated from the sgf by ultrafiltration. in a detached leaf assay, the hmw fraction induced visible symptoms only on host leaves and the toxicity was lost by treatment with proteinase k or heat at 60 degrees c for 15 min, indicating ... | 2008 | 18944195 |
| coordination modes of a schiff base pentadentate derivative of 4-aminoantipyrine with cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and copper(ii) metal ions: synthesis, spectroscopic and antimicrobial studies. | transition metal complexes of co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) metal ions with general stoichiometry [m(l)x]x and [m(l)so(4)], where m = co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii), l = 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid bis(4-amino-5-ethylimino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazoline) and x = no(3)(-), cl(-) and oac(-), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral techniques like ir, uv and epr. the nickel(ii) complexes w ... | 2009 | 19127246 |
| identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factor genes in canola (brassica napus l.) in response to fungal pathogens and hormone treatments. | members of plant wrky transcription factor families are widely implicated in defense responses and various other physiological processes. for canola (brassica napus l.), no wrky genes have been described in detail. because of the economic importance of this crop, and its evolutionary relationship to arabidopsis thaliana, we sought to characterize a subset of canola wrky genes in the context of pathogen and hormone responses. | 2009 | 19493335 |
| isolation and characterization of novel defence-related genes induced by copper, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid and pathogen infection in brassica carinata. | summary to examine the defence response in brassica carinata we differentially screened a cdna library made from cucl(2)-treated (cu) leaves. the sequence of 17 of the 27 cdna clones examined that showed cu-induction had a high similarity to defence genes from other plant species. among other clones that showed higher expression in the cu leaves were two cdnas encoding polypeptides of 351 and 250 amino acids, designated bccjs1 and bccjas1. bccjs1 had similarity to s-adenosyl-l-methionine: salicy ... | 2001 | 20573003 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of some 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines. | several 2,6-bis-(un)substituted phenoxymethylpyridines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro against fusarium graminearum, helminthosporium sorokinianum, alternaria brassicae, alternaria alternata, and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. among all derivatives, compound 3a exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the five phytopathogenic fungi. | 2010 | 20737909 |
| antifungal activities of some indole derivatives. | nine indole derivatives were evaluated in vitro against fusarium graminearum, alternaria alternata, helminthosporium sorokinianum, pyricularia oryzae, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumarinum, and alternaria brassicae. most of the compounds were found to possess antifungal activities. especially compounds 2, 5, 8, and 9 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities against the above-mentioned seven phytopathogenic fungi, and showed more potent activities than ... | 2010 | 20737910 |
| complexation of nitrogen and sulphur donor schiff's base ligand to cr(iii) and ni(ii) metal ions: synthesis, spectroscopic and antipathogenic studies. | 2,6-diacetyl pyridine based ligand was synthesized by the reaction of 2,6-diacetyl pyridine with thiocarbohydrazide in presence of acetic acid. the coordination compounds with cr(iii) and ni(ii) metal ions having [cr(l)x]x2 and [ni(l)x]x compositions (where l=ligand and x=no3-, cl- and ch3coo-) were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectral studies. the studies like elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, uv-vis, nmr, mass ... | 2010 | 21094079 |
| secondary metabolites from a marine-derived endophytic fungus penicillium chrysogenum qen-24s. | penicillium chrysogenum qen-24s, an endophytic fungus isolated from an unidentified marine red algal species of the genus laurencia, displayed inhibitory activity against the growth of pathogen alternaria brassicae in dual culture test. chemical investigation of this fungal strain resulted in the isolation of four new (1-3 and 5) and one known (4) secondary metabolites. their structures were identified as two polyketide derivatives penicitides a and b (1 and 2), two glycerol derivatives 2-(2,4-d ... | 2010 | 21339945 |
| spectroscopic and mycological studies of co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) complexes with 4-aminoantipyrine derivative. | complexes of the type [m(l)x(2)], where m=co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii), have been synthesized with novel no-donor schiff's base ligand, 1,4-diformylpiperazine bis(4-imino-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolin-5-one) which is obtained by the acid catalyzed condensation of 1,4-diformylpiperazine with 4-aminoantipyrine. the elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, uv, nmr, mass and epr studies of the compounds led to the conclusion that the ligand acts ... | 2011 | 21752698 |